1
|
Ulsenheimer BC, Tonin AA, von Laer AE, Dos Santos HF, Sangioni LA, Fighera R, Dos Santos MY, Brayer DI, de Avila Botton S. Leptospira borgptersenii and Leptospira interrogans identified in wild mammals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01348-4. [PMID: 38691328 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospira spp. are bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with considerable impacts on the economy, animal health, and public health. This disease has a global distribution and is particularly prevalent in Brazil. Both rural and urban environments are habitats for Leptospira spp., which are primarily transmitted through contact with the urine of infected animals. Consequently, domestic and wild species can harbor these prokaryotes and serve as infection sources for other hosts. In the context of wild animals, there is a dearth of molecular studies elucidating the roles of various animal and bacterial species in the epidemiology of leptospirosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA in different species of free-living and captive wild animals and to assess the phylogenetic relationships of the identified microorganisms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The samples were evaluated for the presence of the gene lipL32 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the amplified fragment after which phylogenetic analyzes were carried out. DNA from Leptospira spp. was extracted from kidney tissue from wild animals (Mammalia class). Pathogenic Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in 9.6% (11/114) of the samples, originating from nine species of wild animals, including the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), skunk (Conepatus chinga), geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi), margay (Leopardus wiedii), pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis), and european hare (Lepus europaeus). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira interrogans in these animals. This research is the first study contributing to the epidemiology of leptospirosis by identifying L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans in free-living and captive wild animals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, potentially acting as bacterial reservoirs. Additionally, our findings can inform sanitary measures for controlling and preventing the disease, thereby safeguarding public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carolina Ulsenheimer
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Alberto Tonin
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69083-000, Brasil
| | - Ana Eucares von Laer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Helton Fernandes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Luís Antônio Sangioni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Departamento de Patologia. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Matheus Yuri Dos Santos
- Departamento de Patologia. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer
- Instituto de Biologia (IB), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96010-900, Brasil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dau SL, Azevedo MDS, Mazaro RD, de La Corte FD, Fighera R. Histologic Evaluation of Palmar Digital Nerves after Perineural Injection of 2% Ammonium Chloride in Miniature Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 92:103171. [PMID: 32797793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurolytic compounds are widely used by equine practitioners for the management of lameness, mostly related to the foot. The present study aimed to evaluate the neurotoxicity of 2% ammonium chloride (2% AC) applied adjacent to the palmar digital nerves in six miniature horses. The 2% AC and 0.9% saline solution were randomly injected into three and one palmar digital nerve of each horse, respectively. Nerve samples were collected by neurectomy performed under general anesthesia at 5, 12, 19, 35, 47, and 62 days after treatment, with one horse per day of surgery. The inflammatory reaction to perineural injection was evaluated by an increase of pastern superficial skin temperature through thermography 24 hours after treatments. Histological lesions were classified as absent, mild, moderate, and severe Wallerian degeneration. An increase of 2.43 ± 0.79°C and 1.69 ± 0.55°C was observed in the 2% AC and control groups, respectively (P > .05). Moreover, histologic lesions were observed after perineural injection of 2% AC (severe, n = 5/18; moderate, n = 4/18; mild, n = 5/18; and absent, n = 4/18) and saline solution (moderate, n = 3/6; mild, n = 1/6; and absent, n = 2/6) (P = .46). The 2% AC demonstrated to be as safe as 0.9% saline solution, producing mild to severe Wallerian degeneration for up to 62 days after injection with no interference in further neurectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Leite Dau
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Renata Dalcol Mazaro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Fighera
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tonellotto Dos Santos J, Escarião da Nóbrega J, Serrano Mujica LK, Dos Santos Amaral C, Machado FA, Manta MW, Rizzetti TM, Zanella R, Fighera R, Antoniazzi AQ, Gonçalves PBD, Comim FV. Prenatal Androgenization of Ewes as a Model of Hirsutism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinology 2018; 159:4056-4064. [PMID: 30376052 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main clinical feature associated with hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in humans is hirsutism, where hair increases its length, pigmentation, and particularly its diameter. Currently, it is not known whether PCOS animal models also exhibit changes in the hair. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the wool characteristics in sheep prenatally androgenized (PA) with testosterone propionate. After 4 and 13 months of life, wool was collected from the top of the shoulder of both females and males (both androgenized and controls). The offspring sheep were followed for up to 19 months of life to evaluate testosterone and androstenedione serum levels by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, determine insulin and glucose response to intravenous glucose tolerance test, and address estrus cyclicity during the second breeding season. PA male animals showed a reduction in wool fiber diameter at 4 months of age compared with controls (P = 0.02) but not at 13 months, whereas PA females showed increased hair diameter at 13 months (P = 0.002), with no difference at 4 months. No substantial changes in other hair parameters (length, color, and medullation) were identified. In addition, increased levels of serum testosterone were observed in PA female sheep compared with controls at 12 months (P = 0.03). Our results indicate for the first time, to our knowledge, that changes in wool fiber diameter observed in PA ewes replicate, at the translational level, the increase in hair diameter in hirsute women with PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joabel Tonellotto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jandui Escarião da Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Lady Katerine Serrano Mujica
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Amadori Machado
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Manuela W Manta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tiele Medianeira Rizzetti
- Laboratory of Pesticide Analysis (LARP), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratory of Pesticide Analysis (LARP), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vasconcellos Comim
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teixeira LV, Martins DB, Fighera R, Lopes STDA. Estudo clínico de osteossarcoma canino. ACTA SCI VET 2018. [DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.16620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
de Azevedo MI, Da Silva AS, Ferreiro L, Doleski PH, Tonin AA, Casali EA, Moritz CE, Schirmbeck GH, Cardoso VV, Flores MM, Fighera R, Santurio JM. Serum and brain purine levels in an experimental systemic infection of mice by Cryptococcus neoformans : Purinergic immunomodulatory effects. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
6
|
Chaves RO, Schwab ML, Ripplinger A, Copat B, Aiello G, Ferrarin DA, Flores MM, Fighera R, Mazzanti A. Doença vestibular central por infarto isquêmico secundário a hipotireoidismo em cão. ACTA SCI VET 2017. [DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.85915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism in dogs can cause lethargy, weight gain, dermatological signs and, uncommonly, neurological signs. These may involve the peripheral or central nervous system, leading to a decreased level of consciousness, central or peripheral vestibular disease, epileptic seizures, cognitive dysfunction, facial nerve paralysis, laryngeal paralysis, and polyneuropathy. There are few cases reported in the literature relating hypothyroidism and central vestibular disease. The aim of this study was to report a case of a stroke secondary to hypothyroidism that resulted in central vestibular syndrome in a dog.Case: A 13-year-old female Pitbull, weighting 37 kg, was referred to a Veterinary University Hospital with a two weeks history of dyspnea, coughing and walking difficulty. On neurological examination, the animal presented vertical nystagmus, somnolence, non-ambulatory tetraparesis, decreased postural reaction in all limbs and normal spinal reflexes. The laboratory exams revealed a mild leukocytosis and increased creatinine, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Due to historical, clinical, neurological and laboratory tests findings, the animal was diagnosed with central vestibular syndrome secondary to an intracranial neoplasm. Clinical treatment was instituted with corticosteroids, however the animal did not respond and died. On necropsy, the heart was enlarged and coronary arteries were thicker. No macroscopic changes were found in the brain. On histological analysis, the coronary arteries were congest by lipids that almost occluded the arterial lumen. The same alteration were found in splenic and renal arterioles, and in the brain’s leptomeninges. Also in the brain, it was observed perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and focal gliosis. The thyroid was atrophied and fibrosed bilaterally. Therefore, those changes were compatible with atherosclerosis secondary to hypothyroidism.Discussion: Neurological sings secondary to hypothyroidism are uncommon. From 116 dogs with hypothyroidism, only 22 (19%) had neurological presentations. The majority was associated with peripheral nervous system showing polyneuropathy and cranial nerve dysfunction. When associated with central nervous system the most common sings are pathological nystagmus, postural reaction deficits, tetraparesis, hemiparesis, and paradoxical vestibular diseases. These signs are similar to the findings in the case reported here, characterizing it as a central vestibular disease. Different from humans, dogs have a natural resistance against atherosclerosis, however, hypothyroidism can result in lipids metabolic deficits, increasing its plasma levels. In this report, the arterial lesion and ischemia secondary to atherosclerosis, especially in the brain steam, have led to the neurological presentation. The dog also had hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, which are related to hypothyroidism. As high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides are common findings in hypothyroidism, it is important to evaluating blood levels of those lipids in dogs with central vestibular diseases, even though there are no others endocrinal signs. This case shows that, even though central vestibular disease is not a common neurological presentation in hypothyroidism, it is always important to considerer this metabolic affection as a precursor and a differential diagnosis to central vestibular disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Portella LP, Cadore GC, Sangioni LA, Pellegrini LFV, Fighera R, Ramos F, Vogel FSF. Antibodies against Apicomplexa protozoa and absence sarcocysts in heart tissues from horses in southern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2017; 26:100-103. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp., and Toxoplasma gondii are Apicomplexa protozoa that can infect horses. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of antibodies against Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp., and T. gondii in horses slaughtered in southern Brazil. The presence of histological lesions, tissue cysts, and Sarcocystis spp. DNA in the hearts of these horses was also investigated. A total of 197 paired serum and heart samples were evaluated by serology and direct microscopic examination; 50 of these samples were subjected to histopathological and PCR analyses. Antibodies against at least one of the protozoa were detected in 146 (74.1%) of the serum samples. The frequencies of positive serology were: 36% (71/197) against Sarcocystis spp., 39.1% (77/197) against Neospora spp., and 47.2% (93/197) against T. gondii. No cysts, Sarcocystis spp. DNA, or histopathological lesions were observed in myocardial tissue samples. The frequencies of antibody seropositivity against Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp., and T. gondii showed that horses are frequently infected by these parasites in southern Brazil. The absence of sarcocysts in horse tissues is compatible with their role as aberrant/accidental hosts in the life cycle of Sarcocystis spp..
Collapse
|
8
|
de Azevedo MI, Ferreiro L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, Monteiro DU, Casali EA, Moritz CE, Schirmbeck GH, Cardoso VV, Flores MM, Fighera R, Stefani LM, Santurio JM. Participation of purines in the modulation of inflammatory response in rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Bottari NB, Baldissera MD, Tonin AA, Rech VC, Alves CB, D'Avila F, Thomé GR, Guarda NS, Moresco RN, Camillo G, Vogel FF, Luchese C, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM, Tochetto C, Fighera R, Nishihira VSK, Da Silva AS. Synergistic effects of resveratrol (free and inclusion complex) and sulfamethoxazole-trimetropim treatment on pathology, oxidant/antioxidant status and behavior of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:166-174. [PMID: 27057672 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of resveratrol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST) on the treatment of mice experimentally infected by Toxoplasma gondii during the chronic phase of the disease considering infection, behavior, and oxidative/antioxidants profile aspects. For the study, 60 mice were initially divided into two groups: uninfected (n = 24) and infected by T. gondii (n = 36). These two groups were later subdivided into other groups and treated with resveratrol (free and inclusion complex containing resveratrol) alone and co-administered with ST: groups A to D were composed by healthy mice and groups E to J were consisted of animals infected by T. gondii (VEG strain). Treatments began 20 days post-infection for 10 consecutive days with oral doses of 0.5 mg kg(-1) of ST (groups B and F), 100 mg kg(-1) of free resveratrol (groups C and G) and inclusion complex of resveratrol (nanoparticles containing resveratrol) (groups D and H), and lastly an co-administration of both drugs (groups I and J). Behavioral tests (memory, anxiety and locomotion) were performed after treatment. Liver and brain fragments were collected to evaluate pathological changes, brain cysts counts, as well as oxidant and antioxidant levels. A reduction on the number of cysts in the brain of animals treated with both drugs combined was observed; there was also reduced number of lesions on both organs. This drug combined effect was also able to reduce oxidative and increase antioxidant levels in infected mice, which might be interpreted as a resveratrol protective effect. In addition, the combination of ST and resveratrol was able to prevent behavioral changes in infected mice. Therefore, the use of co-administration drugs enhances the therapeutic effect acting on a synergic way, reducing the oxidizing effects of the chemical treatment for toxoplasmosis. In addition, resveratrol in inclusion complex when co-administered with ST showed an improved therapeutic effect of ST reducing oxidative damage, liver damage and the number of cysts in the brain of T. gondii infected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli B Bottari
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Virginia C Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Catiane B Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D'Avila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Thomé
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara S Guarda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, UFSM, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cristiane Luchese
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vivian S K Nishihira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Azevedo MI, Ferreiro L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, Thorstenberg ML, Catilhos LG, França RT, Leal DBR, Duarte MMMF, Lopes STA, Sangoi MB, Moresco RN, Fighera R, Santurio JM. Cholinesterase of rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans: Relationship between inflammatory response and pathological findings. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:851-7. [PMID: 26376950 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the role of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as biomarkers of inflammation and tissue injury on rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. For this purpose, 20 male rats were divided into two groups: 10 animals representing the uninfected control group (Group A) and 10 C. neoformans var. grubii infected animals (Group B). Blood and brain samples were collected on days 10 (A10 and B10), and 30 (A30 and B30) post-infection (PI) for hematological analyses; AChE (in lymphocytes and brain) and seric BChE activity; interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10); nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels; and markers of protein oxidation (AOPP) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). As a result, when animals of Group A were compared to animals of Group B, it was observed leukocytosis (P<0.05) on day 10 PI; AChE activity increase (P<0.05) in lymphocytes (day 30 PI) and in brain (days 10 and 30 PI); BChE activity decrease (P<0.05) on day 10 PI; IL-1 and IL-6 increase (P<0.01) in both periods, while IL-10 had reduced levels (P<0.01) in the same periods; NOx levels increased (P<0.05) significantly on days 10 and 30 PI, while AOPP and TBARS levels increased significantly on day 30 PI; as well as pneumonia on infected rats. Therefore, based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that AChE and BChE behavior lead to a proinflammatory reaction evidenced by the enhancement of IL-1, IL-6, and NOx throughout the experiment associated with reduction on IL-10 levels, and cellular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Patologia e Clinica Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laerte Ferreiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Patologia e Clinica Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Xanxerê, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Thorstenberg
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Livia Gelain Catilhos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueli T França
- Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia T A Lopes
- Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Sangoi
- Departamento de Analises Clínicas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Departamento de Analises Clínicas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bottari NB, Baldissera MD, Tonin AA, Rech VC, Nishihira VSK, Thomé GR, Camillo G, Vogel FF, Duarte MMMF, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM, Tochetto C, Fighera R, Da Silva AS. Effects of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim associated to resveratrol on its free form and complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on cytokines levels of mice infected by Toxoplasma gondii. Microb Pathog 2015. [PMID: 26209515 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on its free form and complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) when associated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST) on cytokines levels of mice (n = 60) experimentally infected by Toxoplasma gondii. Groups A and E were used as controls (untreated): negative and positive, respectively. The onset of treatment started 20 days post-infection (PI), and it lasted for 10 consecutive days. ST was administered orally in doses of 0.5 mg kg(-1) for groups B and F, while 100 mg kg(-1) was the dose for resveratrol in its free form (groups C - G), inclusion complex (groups D and H), and on free and inclusion complex together (groups I - J). On day 31 PI, blood samples were collected in order to evaluate the cytokine profile. The mice that received drug combination (I and J) showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the number of cysts in the brain compared to other infected groups (E - H). The results showed that mice from the Group E had increased (P < 0.001) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while IL-10 levels were reduced when compared to the Group A. Additionally, there were increased levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in animals of groups C and D, respectively (P < 0.05). Animals of the Group B showed reduced levels of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (P < 0.05). Mice infected and treated (groups F - J) showed increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines along with a reduction of IL-10. Treatment with the combination of drugs (the Group J) led to a protective effect, i.e. reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, resveratrol associated with ST was able to modulate seric cytokine profile and moderate the tissue inflammatory process caused by T. gondii infection, as well as to reduce parasite multiplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli B Bottari
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Laboratory of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Virginia C Rech
- Laboratory of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vivian S K Nishihira
- Laboratory of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Thomé
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | | | | | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bottari NB, Baldissera MD, Tonin AA, Rech VC, Nishihira VSK, Thomé GR, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM, Camillo G, Vogel FF, Tochetto C, Fighera R, Machado G, Stefani LM, Da Silva AS. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim associated with resveratrol for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in mice: Influence on the activity of enzymes involved in brain neurotransmission. Microb Pathog 2015; 79:17-23. [PMID: 25572158 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST) associated with resveratrol on the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), adenylate kinase (AK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and creatine kinase (CK) in the brain of mice experimentally infected by Toxoplasma gondii. For that, 60 mice were divided into ten groups with 6 animals each: groups A to D composed by healthy mice and groups E to J consisting of animals infected by T. gondii (VEG strain). Animals started treatment 20 days post-infection for 10 consecutive days with oral doses of 0.5 mg kg(-1) of ST (groups B and F), 100 mg kg(-1) of free resveratrol (groups C and G) and inclusion complex of resveratrol (nanoparticles containing resveratrol) (groups D and H), as well as with an association of both drugs (groups I and J). The results showed increased (P < 0.001) AChE activity on infected animals (groups E-J) when compared to not-infected (A) animals, and also uninfected animals treated with ST (group B) had increased AChE activity. AK activity decreased (P < 0.001) in the infected and untreated (group E), differently from the other groups that did not differ. PK activity did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). When comparing control groups (uninfected (A) and infected (E)), we verified a significant (P < 0.001) increase in CK activity in the brain, and it is noteworthy that the animals treated with resveratrol associated with ST (group I and J) had similar CK activity to those animals from the group A. Treatment with the combination of ST and resveratrol was able to reduce (P < 0.05) the number of parasitic cysts in the brain, thus reduced inflammatory infiltrates in the liver, and prevented the occurrence of hepatocytes lesions due to toxoplasmosis in mice. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that increased AChE and CK activities after T. gondii infection did not change with the treatment of ST-resveratrol association. In addition, decreased AK activity caused by T. gondii infection was normalized by ST-resveratrol treatment. T. gondii infection and treatment does not affect PK activity in brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli B Bottari
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Virginia C Rech
- Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vivian S K Nishihira
- Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giovana Camillo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Vogel
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Camila Tochetto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Machado
- Veterinary Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenita M Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azevedo MID, Ferreiro L, Da Silva AS, Tonin AA, Ruchel JB, Rezer JF, França RT, Zimmermann CE, Leal DB, Duarte MM, Lopes ST, Flores MM, Fighera R, Santurio JM. E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in rats experimental infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
14
|
Tonin AA, Da Silva AS, Casali EA, Silveira SS, Moritz CEJ, Camillo G, Flores MM, Fighera R, Thomé GR, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Rue MDL, Vogel FSF, Lopes STA. Influence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii on purine levels and E-ADA activity in the brain of mice experimentally infected mice. Exp Parasitol 2014; 142:51-8. [PMID: 24768956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the purine levels and E-ADA activity in the brain of mice (BALB/c) experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. In experiment I (n=24) the mice were infected with RH strain of T. gondii, while in experiment II (n=36) they were infected with strain ME-49 of T. gondii. Our results showed that, for RH strain (acute phase), an increase in both periods in the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine (only on day 6 PI) and uric acid (only on day 6 PI). By the other hand, the RH strain led, on days 4 and 6 PI, to a reduction in the concentration of inosine. ME-49, a cystogenic strain, showed some differences in acute and chronic phase, since on day 6 PI the levels of ATP and ADP were increased, while on day 30 these same nucleotides were reduced. On day 60 PI, ME-49 induced a reduction in the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, inosine and xanthine, while uric acid was increased. A decrease of E-ADA activity was observed in brain on days 4 and 6 PI (RH), and 30 PI (ME-49); however on day 60 PI E-ADA activity was increased for infection by ME-49 strain. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that infection with T. gondii changes the purine levels and the activity of E-ADA in brain, which may be associated with neurological signs commonly observed in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Tonin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Department of Small Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | - Emerson A Casali
- Department of Morphological Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S Silveira
- Department of Morphological Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar E J Moritz
- Department of Morphological Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovana Camillo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Flores
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Thomé
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Mario De La Rue
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Department of Small Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S F Vogel
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sonia T A Lopes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Department of Small Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baldissera MD, Oliveira CB, Tonin AA, Wolkmer P, Lopes ST, Fighera R, Flores MM, Oliveira EC, Santos RC, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Monteiro SG, Da Silva AS. Toxic effect of essential oils (Copaifera spp) in the treatment of mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Bottari NB, Tonin AA, Fighera R, Flores MM, França RT, Camillo G, Toscan G, Vogel FSF, Sangoi MB, Bochi GV, Moresco RN, Lopes STA, Da Silva AS. Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii: relationship between hepatic lesions, cytological and biochemical analysis of the cavitary liquid during the acute phase of the diseases in experimental models. Exp Parasitol 2013; 136:68-73. [PMID: 24275558 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis of ascites in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii and gerbils infected with Neospora caninum during the acute phase disease. For that, 12 gerbils [Experiment I: not infected/control (n=6) and infected (n=6)] and 12 mice [Experiment II: control (n=6) and infected (n=6)] were used. Infected gerbils and mice showed marked ascites on days 5-7 post-infection (PI), while the not-infected animals had not ascites. Peritoneal liquid was collected from the all mice with uninfected animals receiving 1.5mL of saline solution into their abdominal cavity, allowing the recovery of cavity liquid. As a result, it was possible to observe differences in physics, chemistry and cytological analysis of the fluid cavity of animals infected with N. caninum and T. gondii, when they were compared with uninfected animals, as well as between animals experimentally infected. Additionally both, N. caninum and T gondii, caused an increase in the levels of nitric oxide (NOx-nitrate/nitrite), protein oxidation (AOPP) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS), while serum total protein and albumin were reduced in infected gerbils and mice. Gerbils infected with N. caninum showed multiple large cells with multilobulated nucleus, lytic necrosis and abundant amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm into the hepatic parenchyma. By the other hand, mice infected with T. gondii developed myriad foci of lytic necrosis combined with tachyzoites and cysts containing bradyzoites in liver. Both experimental models for N. caninum and T. gondii showed inflammatory foci and tachyzoites the peritoneum, which could be a major cause of ascites. Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis were able to cause clinical signs in experimental models with similar alterations in peritoneal fluid; however the toxoplasmosis histological changes were much more evident. Therefore, the pathogenesis of ascites appears to be directly related to liver damage, which strongly suggests alteration in the normal production of proteins as observed in this study, along with peritonitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli B Bottari
- Program of Postgraduate in Biochemical Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Flores
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Raqueli T França
- Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Giovana Camillo
- Department of Preventive Medicine Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Toscan
- Department of Preventive Medicine Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S F Vogel
- Department of Preventive Medicine Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Sangoi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V Bochi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sonia T A Lopes
- Department of Small Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Program of Postgraduate in Biochemical Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|