1
|
Carabalí-Isajar ML, Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Amado T, Patarroyo MA, Izquierdo MA, Lutz JR, Ocampo M. Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:206. [PMID: 37221438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a far-reaching, high-impact disease. It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent; 1.6 million tuberculosis-related deaths were reported in 2021 and it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are carriers of the tuberculosis bacillus but do not develop active disease. Several authors have attributed this to hosts' differential immune response in which cellular and humoral components are involved, along with cytokines and chemokines. Ascertaining the relationship between TB development's clinical manifestations and an immune response should increase understanding of tuberculosis pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms and correlating such material with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem globally. Mortality rates have not decreased significantly; rather, they are increasing. This review has thus been aimed at deepening knowledge regarding tuberculosis by examining published material related to an immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterial evasion mechanisms regarding such response and the relationship between pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations induced by this bacterium which are related to inflammation associated with tuberculosis dissemination through different routes.
Collapse
Grants
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- b PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- c Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
- d Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- f Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lilián Carabalí-Isajar
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences Programme, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tatiana Amado
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Izquierdo
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Ricardo Lutz
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Marisol Ocampo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei X, Wu Z, Zhang T, Lei Y, Chen M, Yang Y, Gao A, Guo Z, Ye J. Functional characterization of complement factor H in host defense against bacterial pathogen in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:114-126. [PMID: 36007831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complement factor H (CFH), a multifunctional soluble complement regulatory protein, can bind to a variety of pathogens and play a crucial role in host innate immune defense. To explore the functional characteristics of CFH (OnCFH) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), we cloned and characterized the open reading frame (ORF) of OnCFH in this study. The full-length of OnCFH ORF is 1359 bp, encoding 452 aa for a 48.85 kDa peptide, and its predicted structure containing six short complement-like repeats (SCRs). The analysis of tissue distribution showed that OnCFH was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest in the liver. Upon Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila stimuli in vivo and in vitro, OnCFH mRNA transcript was significantly upregulated in head kidney tissue as well as head kidney monocytes/macrophages. Further, the recombinant OnCFH protein ((r)OnCFH) could bind to pathogenic bacteria in a dose-dependent. Moreover, it got involved in the regulation of inflammation as well as phagocytosis of monocytes/macrophages. The knockdown of OnCFH remarkably decreased the amount of bacteria in the head kidney. In summary, our data demonstrated that OnCFH could participate in the immune response of Nile tilapia against bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Wei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zhelin Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Tingyun Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Along Gao
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mir MA, Mir B, Kumawat M, Alkhanani M, Jan U. Manipulation and exploitation of host immune system by pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis for its advantage. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1171-1198. [PMID: 35924958 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can become a long-term infection by evading the host immune response. Coevolution of Mtb with humans has resulted in its ability to hijack the host's immune systems in a variety of ways. So far, every Mtb defense strategy is essentially dependent on a subtle balance that, if shifted, can promote Mtb proliferation in the host, resulting in disease progression. In this review, the authors summarize many important and previously unknown mechanisms by which Mtb evades the host immune response. Besides recently found strategies by which Mtb manipulates the host molecular regulatory machinery of innate and adaptive immunity, including the intranuclear regulatory machinery, costimulatory molecules, the ubiquitin system and cellular intrinsic immune components will be discussed. A holistic understanding of these immune-evasion mechanisms is of foremost importance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and will lead to new insights into tuberculosis pathogenesis and the development of more effective vaccines and treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Bilkees Mir
- Department of Biochemistry & Biochemical Engineering, SHUATS, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-NIREH, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat Jan
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du Y, Xin H, Cao X, Liu Z, He Y, Zhang B, Yan J, Wang D, Guan L, Shen F, Feng B, He Y, Liu J, Jin Q, Pan S, Zhang H, Gao L. Association Between Plasma Exosomes S100A9/C4BPA and Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment: Proteomic Analysis Based on a Randomized Controlled Study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:934716. [PMID: 35935235 PMCID: PMC9355536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIdentifying host plasma exosome proteins associated with host response to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment might promote our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis and provide useful tools for implementing the precise intervention.MethodsBased on an open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) aiming to evaluate the short-course regimens for LTBI treatment, plasma exosomes from pre- and post-LTBI treatment were retrospectively detected by label-free quantitative protein mass spectrometry and validated by a parallel reaction monitoring method for participants with changed or not changed infection testing results after LTBI treatment. Eligible participants for both screening and verification sets were randomly selected from the based-RCT in a 1:1 ratio by age and gender. Reversion was defined as a decrease in IFN-γ levels from >0.70 IU/ml prior to treatment to 0.20 IU/ml within 1 week of treatment. The predictive ability of the candidate proteins was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsTotally, two sample sets for screening (n = 40) and validation (n = 60) were included. Each of them included an equal number of subjects with persistent positive or reversed QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) results after LTBI. A total of 2,321 exosome proteins were detected and 102 differentially expressed proteins were identified to be associated with QFT reversion. Proteins with high confidence and original values intact were selected to be further verified. Totally, 9 downregulated proteins met the criteria and were validated. After verification, C4BPA and S100A9 were confirmed to be still significantly downregulated (fold change <0.67, p < 0.05). The respective areas under the ROC curve were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.57–0.89) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52–0.86) for C4BPA and S100A9, with a combined value of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63–0.93). The positive and negative predictive values for combined markers were 70.10% (95% CI: 50.22–86.30%) and 55.63% (95% CI: 29.17–61.00%).ConclusionOur findings suggest that downregulated C4BPA and S100A9 in plasma exosomes might be associated with a host positive response to LTBI treatment. Further studies are warranted to verify the findings and potential underlying mechanisms in varied populations with a larger sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Xin
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefang Cao
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yijun He
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaoxia Yan
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dakuan Wang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Guan
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boxuan Feng
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongpeng He
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Jin
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouguo Pan
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
- Shouguo Pan
| | - Haoran Zhang
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Haoran Zhang
| | - Lei Gao
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Gao
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kárpáti É, Kremlitzka M, Sándor N, Hajnal D, Schneider AE, Józsi M. Complement Factor H Family Proteins Modulate Monocyte and Neutrophil Granulocyte Functions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660852. [PMID: 34671340 PMCID: PMC8521052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being a key effector arm of innate immunity, a plethora of non-canonical functions of complement has recently been emerging. Factor H (FH), the main regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation, has been reported to bind to various immune cells and regulate their functions, beyond its role in modulating complement activation. In this study we investigated the effect of FH, its alternative splice product FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1), the FH-related (FHR) proteins FHR-1 and FHR-5, and the recently developed artificial complement inhibitor mini-FH, on two key innate immune cells, monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. We found that, similar to FH, the other factor H family proteins FHL-1, FHR-1 and FHR-5, as well as the recombinant mini-FH, are able to bind to both monocytes and neutrophils. As a functional outcome, immobilized FH and FHR-1 inhibited PMA-induced NET formation, but increased the adherence and IL-8 production of neutrophils. FHL-1 increased only the adherence of the cells, while FHR-5 was ineffective in altering these functions. The adherence of monocytes was increased on FH, recombinant mini-FH and FHL-1 covered surfaces and, except for FHL-1, the same molecules also enhanced secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα. When monocytes were stimulated with LPS in the presence of immobilized FH family proteins, FH, FHL-1 and mini-FH enhanced whereas FHR-1 and FHR-5 decreased the secretion of TNFα; FHL-1 and mini-FH also enhanced IL-10 release compared to the effect of LPS alone. Our results reveal heterogeneous effects of FH and FH family members on monocytes and neutrophils, altering key features involved in pathogen killing, and also demonstrate that FH-based complement inhibitors, such as mini-FH, may have effects beyond their function of inhibiting complement activation. Thus, our data provide new insight into the non-canonical functions of FH, FHL-1, FHR-1 and FHR-5 that might be exploited during protection against infections and in vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Kárpáti
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariann Kremlitzka
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Sándor
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Hajnal
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea E Schneider
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Józsi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
More than a Pore: Nonlytic Antimicrobial Functions of Complement and Bacterial Strategies for Evasion. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:85/1/e00177-20. [PMID: 33504655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00177-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient defense mechanism against foreign substances. Consisting of three proteolytic activation pathways, complement converges on a common effector cascade terminating in the formation of a lytic pore on the target surface. The classical and lectin pathways are initiated by pattern recognition molecules binding to specific ligands, while the alternative pathway is constitutively active at low levels in circulation. Complement-mediated killing is essential for defense against many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and genetic deficiencies in complement can render individuals highly susceptible to infection, for example, invasive meningococcal disease. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria are inherently resistant to the direct bactericidal activity of complement due to their thick layer of cell wall peptidoglycan. However, complement also serves diverse roles in immune defense against all bacteria by flagging them for opsonization and killing by professional phagocytes, synergizing with neutrophils, modulating inflammatory responses, regulating T cell development, and cross talk with coagulation cascades. In this review, we discuss newly appreciated roles for complement beyond direct membrane lysis, incorporate nonlytic roles of complement into immunological paradigms of host-pathogen interactions, and identify bacterial strategies for complement evasion.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Z, Li Y, Chen H, Xie L, Xiao J, Luan X, Peng B, Li Z, Chen L, Wang C, Lu C. Chlamydia trachomatis glycogen synthase promotes MAPK-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production via TLR2/TLR4 in THP-1 cells. Life Sci 2021; 271:119181. [PMID: 33581128 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the roles and mechanisms of C. trachomatis glycogen synthase (GlgA) in regulating the inflammatory response in THP-1 cells. MAIN METHODS In this work, after THP-1 cells were stimulated with GlgA, transcript and protein expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the signaling pathway involved in the inflammatory mechanism. KEY FINDINGS GlgA elicited the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in THP-1 cells, and the blockade of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling abrogated the induction of IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β expression. Similarly, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α secretion was reduced by transfection with a dominant negative plasmid (pDeNyhMyD88). Moreover, Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments further validated that MAPKs and NF-кB signaling are involved in the transcription and translation of these cytokines. Treatment of the cells with ERK and JNK inhibitors dramatically attenuated the induction of IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that GlgA contributes to inflammation during C. trachomatis infection via the TLR2, TLR4 and MAPK/NF-кB pathways, which may enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of C. trachomatis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Sun
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiuli Luan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chunxue Lu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jagatia H, Tsolaki AG. The Role of Complement System and the Immune Response to Tuberculosis Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:84. [PMID: 33498555 PMCID: PMC7909539 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system orchestrates a multi-faceted immune response to the invading pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Macrophages engulf the mycobacterial bacilli through bacterial cell surface proteins or secrete proteins, which activate the complement pathway. The classical pathway is activated by C1q, which binds to antibody antigen complexes. While the alternative pathway is constitutively active and regulated by properdin, the direct interaction of properdin is capable of complement activation. The lectin-binding pathway is activated in response to bacterial cell surface carbohydrates such as mannose, fucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. All three pathways contribute to mounting an immune response for the clearance of mycobacteria. However, the bacilli can reside, persist, and evade clearance by the immune system once inside the macrophages using a number of mechanisms. The immune system can compartmentalise the infection into a granulomatous structure, which contains heterogenous sub-populations of M. tuberculosis. The granuloma consists of many types of immune cells, which aim to clear and contain the infection whilst sacrificing the affected host tissue. The full extent of the involvement of the complement system during infection with M. tuberculosis is not fully understood. Therefore, we reviewed the available literature on M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial literature to understand the contribution of the complement system during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jagatia
- Department for Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Anthony G. Tsolaki
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PN, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Innate Immune Pattern Recognition Receptors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Nature and Consequences for Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:179-215. [PMID: 34661896 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical early response to prevent the establishment of the infection. Despite recent advances in understanding the host-pathogen dialogue in the early stages of tuberculosis (TB), much has yet to be learnt. The nature and consequences of this dialogue ultimately determine the path of infection: namely, either early clearance of M. tuberculosis, or establishment of M. tuberculosis infection leading to active TB disease and/or latent TB infection. On the frontline in innate immunity are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with soluble factors (e.g. collectins and complement) and cell surface factors (e.g. Toll-like receptors and other C-type lectin receptors (Dectin 1/2, Nod-like receptors, DC-SIGN, Mincle, mannose receptor, and MCL) that play a central role in recognising M. tuberculosis and facilitating its clearance. However, in a 'double-edged sword' scenario, these factors can also be involved in enhancement of pathogenesis as well. Furthermore, innate immunity is also a critical bridge in establishing the subsequent adaptive immune response, which is also responsible for granuloma formation that cordons off M. tuberculosis infection, establishing latency and acting as a reservoir for bacterial persistence and dissemination of future disease. This chapter discusses the current understanding of pattern recognition of M. tuberculosis by innate immunity and the role this plays in the pathogenesis and protection against TB.
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan A, Singh VK, Mishra A, Soudani E, Bakhru P, Singh CR, Zhang D, Canaday DH, Sheri A, Padmanabhan S, Challa S, Iyer RP, Jagannath C. NOD2/RIG-I Activating Inarigivir Adjuvant Enhances the Efficacy of BCG Vaccine Against Tuberculosis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592333. [PMID: 33365029 PMCID: PMC7751440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) kills about 1.5 million people each year and the widely used Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides a partial protection against TB in children and adults. Because BCG vaccine evades lysosomal fusion in antigen presenting cells (APCs), leading to an inefficient production of peptides and antigen presentation required to activate CD4 T cells, we sought to boost its efficacy using novel agonists of RIG-I and NOD2 as adjuvants. We recently reported that the dinucleotide SB 9200 (Inarigivir) derived from our small molecule nucleic acid hybrid (SMNH)® platform, activated RIG-I and NOD2 receptors and exhibited a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against hepatitis B and C, Norovirus, RSV, influenza and parainfluenza. Inarigivir increased the ability of BCG-infected mouse APCs to secrete elevated levels of IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-β, and Caspase-1 dependent IL-1β cytokine. Inarigivir also increased the ability of macrophages to kill MTB in a Caspase-1-, and autophagy-dependent manner. Furthermore, Inarigivir led to a Capsase-1 and NOD2- dependent increase in the ability of BCG-infected APCs to present an Ag85B-p25 epitope to CD4 T cells in vitro. Consistent with an increase in immunogenicity of adjuvant treated APCs, the Inarigivir-BCG vaccine combination induced robust protection against tuberculosis in a mouse model of MTB infection, decreasing the lung burden of MTB by 1-log10 more than that afforded by BCG vaccine alone. The Inarigivir-BCG combination was also more efficacious than a muramyl-dipeptide-BCG vaccine combination against tuberculosis in mice, generating better memory T cell responses supporting its novel adjuvant potential for the BCG vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Soudani
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pearl Bakhru
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher R Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Sreerupa Challa
- Spring Bank Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hopkinton, MA, United States
| | | | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Complement Evasion Strategies of Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:283-296. [PMID: 32655196 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathogens need to overcome an elaborate network of host defense mechanisms in order to establish their infection, colonization, proliferation and eventual dissemination. The interaction of pathogens with different effector molecules of the immune system results in their neutralization and elimination from the host. The complement system is one such integral component of innate immunity that is critically involved in the early recognition and elimination of the pathogen. Hence, under this immune pressure, all virulent pathogens capable of inducing active infections have evolved immune evasive strategies that primarily target the complement system, which plays an essential and central role for host defense. Recent reports on several bacterial pathogens have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying complement evasion, inhibition of opsonic phagocytosis and cell lysis. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the recent findings on the various strategies adopted by pathogenic bacteria to escape complement-mediated clearance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Smolag KI, Mueni CM, Leandersson K, Jirström K, Hagerling C, Mörgelin M, Barlow PN, Martin M, Blom AM. Complement inhibitor factor H expressed by breast cancer cells differentiates CD14 + human monocytes into immunosuppressive macrophages. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1731135. [PMID: 32923173 PMCID: PMC7453999 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1731135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major immune cell type in the tumor microenvironment, where they display a tumor-supporting phenotype. Factor H (FH) is a complement inhibitor that also plays a role in several cellular functions. To date, the phenotype of monocytes stimulated with FH has been unexplored. We discovered that FH is a survival factor for CD14+ primary human monocytes, promoting their differentiation into macrophages in serum-free medium. This activity was localized to the C-terminal domains of FH and it was inhibited in plasma, indicating that the phenomenon may be most relevant in tissues. FH-induced macrophages display characteristics of immunosuppressive cells including expression of CD163 and CD206, release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and changes in metabolism. Furthermore, FH-induced macrophages express low levels of HLA-DR but high levels of co-inhibitory molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and accordingly, a reduced capacity for T-cell activation. Finally, we show that FH is expressed by human breast cancer cells and that this correlates with the presence of immunosuppressive macrophages, breast cancer recurrence and severity of the disease. We propose that the expression of FH by tumor cells and the promotion of an immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment by this protein should be taken into account when considering the effectiveness of immunotherapies against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina I Smolag
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christine M Mueni
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Paul N Barlow
- Edinburgh Biological NMR Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Myriam Martin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murugaiah V, Varghese PM, Saleh SM, Tsolaki AG, Alrokayan SH, Khan HA, Collison KS, Sim RB, Nal B, Al-Mohanna FA, Kishore U. Complement-Independent Modulation of Influenza A Virus Infection by Factor H. Front Immunol 2020; 11:355. [PMID: 32269562 PMCID: PMC7109256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient innate immune defense mechanism that can recognize molecular patterns on the invading pathogens. Factor H, as an inhibitor of the alternative pathway, down-regulates complement activation on the host cell surface. Locally synthesized factor H at the site of infection/injury, including lungs, can act as a pattern recognition molecule without involving complement activation. Here, we report that factor H, a sialic acid binder, interacts with influenza A virus (IAV) and modulates IAV entry, as evident from down-regulation of matrix protein 1 (M1) in H1N1 subtype-infected cells and up-regulation of M1 expression in H3N2-infected A549 cells. Far-western blot revealed that factor H binds hemagglutinin (HA, ~70 kDa), neuraminidase (NA, ~60 kDa), and M1 (~25 kDa). IAV-induced transcriptional levels of IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IFN-α, and RANTES were reduced following factor H treatment for the H1N1 subtype at 6 h post-infection. However, for the H3N2 subtype, mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines were enhanced. A recombinant form of vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), which like factor H, contains CCP modules and has complement-regulatory activity, mirrored the results obtained with factor H. Both factor H (25%), and VCP (45%) were found to reduce luciferase reporter activity in MDCK cells transduced with H1N1 pseudotyped lentiviral particles. Factor H (50%) and VCP (30%) enhanced the luciferase reporter activity for H3N2, suggesting an entry inhibitory role of factor H and VCP against H1N1, but not H3N2. Thus, factor H can modulate IAV infection and inflammatory responses, independent of its complement-related functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen M. Varghese
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Soad M. Saleh
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony G. Tsolaki
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kate S. Collison
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert B. Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Béatrice Nal
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Futwan A. Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Uday Kishore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bouzeyen R, Haoues M, Barbouche MR, Singh R, Essafi M. FOXO3 Transcription Factor Regulates IL-10 Expression in Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages, Tuning Their Polarization and the Subsequent Adaptive Immune Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2922. [PMID: 31921181 PMCID: PMC6927284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Macrophages play a key role in the development of a robust adaptive immune response against the agent of Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). However, macrophage response is often hampered by the production of IL-10, a potent suppressor of the host immune response. The secretion of IL-10 correlates with TB pathogenesis and persistence in host tissues. Concordantly, inhibition of IL-10 signaling, during BCG vaccination, confers higher protection against M.tb through a sustained Th1 and Th17 responses. Therefore, uncovering host effectors, underlying mycobacteria-induced expression of IL-10, may be beneficial toward the development of IL-10-blocking tools to be used either as adjuvants in preventive vaccination or as adjunct during standard treatment of TB. Here, we investigated the role of FOXO3 transcription factor in mycobacteria-induced secretion of IL-10. We observed that PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 axis regulates IL-10 expression in human macrophages. Knocking down of FOXO3 expression resulted in an increase of IL-10 production in BCG-infected macrophages. The gene reporter assay further confirmed the transcriptional regulation of IL-10 by FOXO3. In silico analysis identified four Forkhead binding motifs on the human IL-10 promoter, from which the typical FOXO3 one at position -203 was the major target as assessed by mutagenesis and CHIP binding assays. Further, we also observed a decrease in gene expression levels of the M1 typical markers (i.e., CD80 and CD86) in SiFOXO3-transfected macrophages while activation of FOXO3 led to the increase in the expression of CD86, MHCI, and MHCII. Finally, co-culture of human lymphocytes with siFOXO3-transfected macrophages, loaded with mycobacterial antigens, showed decreased expression of Th1/Th17 specific markers and a simultaneous increase in expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Taken together, we report for the first time that FOXO3 modulates IL-10 secretion in mycobacteria-infected macrophage, driving their polarization and the subsequent adaptive immune response. This work proposes FOXO3 as a potential target for the development of host-directed strategies for better treatment or prevention of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Bouzeyen
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Makram Essafi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mehmood A, Kouser L, Kaur A, Holmskov U, Al-Ahdal MN, Sim RB, Kishore U, Tsolaki AG. Complement Dependent and Independent Interaction Between Bovine Conglutinin and Mycobacterium bovis BCG: Implications in Bovine Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3159. [PMID: 30804949 PMCID: PMC6370948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine conglutinin, the first animal collectin to be discovered, is structurally very similar to Surfactant Protein D (SP-D). SP-D is known to interact with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the closely-related M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. We speculated that due to the overall similarities between conglutinin and SP-D, conglutinin is likely to have a protective influence in bovine tuberculosis. We set out to investigate the role of conglutinin in host-pathogen interaction during mycobacterial infection. We show here that a recombinant truncated form of conglutinin (rfBC), composed of the neck and C-type lectin domains, binds specifically and in a dose-dependent manner to the model organism Mycobacterium bovis BCG. rfBC showed a significant direct bacteriostatic effect on the growth of M. bovis BCG in culture. In addition, rfBC inhibited the uptake of M. bovis BCG by THP-1 macrophages (human monocyte lineage cell line) and suppressed the subsequent pro-inflammatory response. Conglutinin is well-known as a binder of the complement activation product, iC3b. rfBC was also able to inhibit the uptake of complement-coated M. bovis BCG by THP-1 macrophages, whilst modulating the pro-inflammatory response. It is likely that rfBC inhibits the phagocytosis of mycobacteria by two distinct mechanisms: firstly, rfBC interferes with mannose receptor-mediated uptake by masking lipoarabinomannan (LAM) on the mycobacterial surface. Secondly, since conglutinin binds iC3b, it can interfere with complement receptor-mediated uptake via CR3 and CR4, by masking interactions with iC3b deposited on the mycobacterial surface. rfBC was also able to modulate the downstream pro-inflammatory response in THP-1 cells, which is important for mobilizing the adaptive immune response, facilitating containment of mycobacterial infection. In conclusion, we show that conglutinin possesses complement-dependent and complement-independent anti-mycobacterial activities, interfering with both known mechanisms of mycobacterial uptake by macrophages. As mycobacteria are specialized intracellular pathogens, conglutinin may inhibit M. bovis and M. tuberculosis from establishing an intracellular niche within macrophages, and thus, negatively affect the long-term survival of the pathogen in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anuvinder Kaur
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Complement factor H family proteins in their non-canonical role as modulators of cellular functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 85:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
17
|
Al-Mozaini MA, Tsolaki AG, Abdul-Aziz M, Abozaid SM, Al-Ahdal MN, Pathan AA, Murugaiah V, Makarov EM, Kaur A, Sim RB, Kishore U, Kouser L. Human Properdin Modulates Macrophage: Mycobacterium bovis BCG Interaction via Thrombospondin Repeats 4 and 5. Front Immunol 2018; 9:533. [PMID: 29867915 PMCID: PMC5951972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can proficiently enter macrophages and diminish complement activation on its cell surface. Within macrophages, the mycobacterium can suppress macrophage apoptosis and survive within the intracellular environment. Previously, we have shown that complement regulatory proteins such as factor H may interfere with pathogen–macrophage interactions during tuberculosis infection. In this study, we show that Mycobacterium bovis BCG binds properdin, an upregulator of the complement alternative pathway. TSR4+5, a recombinant form of thrombospondin repeats 4 and 5 of human properdin expressed in tandem, which is an inhibitor of the alternative pathway, was also able to bind to M. bovis BCG. Properdin and TSR4+5 were found to inhibit uptake of M. bovis BCG by THP-1 macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed elevated pro-inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the presence of properdin or TSR4+5, which gradually decreased over 6 h. Correspondingly, anti-inflammatory responses (IL-10 and TGF-β) showed suppressed levels of expression in the presence of properdin, which gradually increased over 6 h. Multiplex cytokine array analysis also revealed that properdin and TSR4+5 significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1α) at 24 h, which declined at 48 h, whereas the anti-inflammatory response (IL-10) was suppressed. Our results suggest that properdin may interfere with mycobacterial entry into macrophages via TSR4 and TSR5, particularly during the initial stages of infection, thus affecting the extracellular survival of the pathogen. This study offers novel insights into the non-complement related functions of properdin during host–pathogen interactions in tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Munirah Abdul-Aziz
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Suhair M Abozaid
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ansar A Pathan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeny M Makarov
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anuvinder Kaur
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang H, Wang J, Yang J, Yang X, He J, Wang R, Liu S, Zhou L, Ma L. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor -H1 promotes inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular mycobacterial elimination in macrophages. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1695-1704. [PMID: 28783414 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1347739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which causes tuberculosis, is a host-adapted intracellular pathogen that can live within macrophages owning to its ability to arrest phagolysosome biogenesis. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1) may contribute to the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages through mediating the crosstalk between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. Its role in Shigella infection has been determined but little is known about the role of GEF-H1 in mycobacterial infection. In the present study, we demonstrated that GEF-H1 functioned as a key regulator of the macrophage-mediated anti-mycobacterial response. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of GEF-H1 were significantly upregulated in macrophage during mycobacterial infection. Moreover, silencing of GEF-H1 with specific siRNAs reduced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and TANK binding kinase 1 as well as the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and interferon-β (IFN-β), without affecting nitric oxide production or autophagy. Importantly, GEF-H1 depletion attenuated macrophages-mediated mycobacterial phagocytosis and elimination. Taken together, our data supported that GEF-H1 was a novel regulator of inflammatory cytokine production and mycobacterial elimination, and may serve as a novel potential target for clinical treatment of tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinli Wang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianchun He
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruining Wang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sudong Liu
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin Zhou
- b Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Ma
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Intracellular complement - the complosome - in immune cell regulation. Mol Immunol 2017; 89:2-9. [PMID: 28601357 PMCID: PMC7112704 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system was defined over a century ago based on its ability to "complement" the antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune responses against pathogens. Today our understanding of this ancient part of innate immunity has changed substantially and we know now that complement plays an undisputed pivotal role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. The complement system consists of over 50 blood-circulating, cell-surface expressed and intracellular proteins. It is key in the recognition and elimination of invading pathogens, also in the removal of self-derived danger such as apoptotic cells, and it supports innate immune responses and the initiation of the general inflammatory reactions. The long prevailing classic view of complement was that of a serum-operative danger sensor and first line of defence system, however, recent experimental and clinical evidences have demonstrated that "local" tissue and surprisingly intracellular complement (the complosome) activation impacts on normal cell physiology. This review will focus on novel aspects of intracellular complement activation and its unexpected roles in basic cell processes such as metabolism. We also discuss what the existence of the complosome potentially means for how the host handles intracellular pathogens such as viruses.
Collapse
|
20
|
Treponema pallidum flagellins elicit proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytes via TLR5 signaling pathway. Immunobiology 2017; 222:709-718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Moliva JI, Turner J, Torrelles JB. Immune Responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination: Why Do They Fail to Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28424703 PMCID: PMC5380737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is the current leading cause of death due to a single infectious organism. Although curable, the broad emergence of multi-, extensive-, extreme-, and total-drug resistant strains of M.tb has hindered eradication efforts of this pathogen. Furthermore, computational models predict a quarter of the world’s population is infected with M.tb in a latent state, effectively serving as the largest reservoir for any human pathogen with the ability to cause significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization has prioritized new strategies for improved vaccination programs; however, the lack of understanding of mycobacterial immunity has made it difficult to develop new successful vaccines. Currently, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine approved for use to prevent TB. BCG is highly efficacious at preventing meningeal and miliary TB, but is at best 60% effective against the development of pulmonary TB in adults and wanes as we age. In this review, we provide a detailed summary on the innate immune response of macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils in response to BCG vaccination. Additionally, we discuss adaptive immune responses generated by BCG vaccination, emphasizing their specific contributions to mycobacterial immunity. The success of future vaccines against TB will directly depend on our understanding of mycobacterial immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Moliva
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bennett KM, Rooijakkers SHM, Gorham RD. Let's Tie the Knot: Marriage of Complement and Adaptive Immunity in Pathogen Evasion, for Better or Worse. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:89. [PMID: 28197139 PMCID: PMC5281603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is typically regarded as an effector arm of innate immunity, leading to recognition and killing of microbial invaders in body fluids. Consequently, pathogens have engaged in an arms race, evolving molecules that can interfere with proper complement responses. However, complement is no longer viewed as an isolated system, and links with other immune mechanisms are continually being discovered. Complement forms an important bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. While its roles in innate immunity are well-documented, its function in adaptive immunity is less characterized. Therefore, it is no surprise that the field of pathogenic complement evasion has focused on blockade of innate effector functions, while potential inhibition of adaptive immune responses (via complement) has been overlooked to a certain extent. In this review, we highlight past and recent developments on the involvement of complement in the adaptive immune response. We discuss the mechanisms by which complement aids in lymphocyte stimulation and regulation, as well as in antigen presentation. In addition, we discuss microbial complement evasion strategies, and highlight specific examples in the context of adaptive immune responses. These emerging ties between complement and adaptive immunity provide a catalyst for future discovery in not only the field of adaptive immune evasion but in elucidating new roles of complement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaila M Bennett
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald D Gorham
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|