1
|
Li P, Wang R, Dong WQ, Wang GY, Zhang AD, Chen HC, Tan C. Systemic neutrophils are triggered by respiratory Bacillus Calmette- Guérin and mediate pulmonary mycobacterial clearance in synergy with the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106535. [PMID: 38176463 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a threat to public health. The only approved vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is administered intradermally and provides limited protection, and its effect on innate immunity via the respiratory route has not been fully elucidated. A mouse model with genetically depleted TREM1 and seven-color flow cytometry staining were used to characterize the comprehensive immune response induced by respiratory BCG, through evaluating organ bacterial loads, lung histopathology, and lung immunohistochemistry. During respiratory BCG infection, the murine lungs displayed effective bacterial clearance. Notably, marked differences in neutrophils were observed between thymus and bone marrow cells, characterized by a significant increase in the expression of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1). Subsequently, upon depletion of TREM1, a reduction in pulmonary neutrophils was observed, which further exacerbated bacterial loads and resulted in worsened pathology following respiratory BCG infection. In summary, up-regulated expression of TREM1 in rapidly increasing circulating neutrophil by pulmonary BCG is required for an efficient host response to BCG infection, and suggests the important role of TREM1 in neutrophil-related pulmonary bacteria clearance and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Systematic Immunology of Tuberculosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Experimental Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gao-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - An-Ding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evrensel A. Microbiome-Induced Autoimmunity and Novel Therapeutic Intervention. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:71-90. [PMID: 36949306 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms' flora, which colonize in many parts of our body, stand out as one of the most important components for a healthy life. This microbial organization called microbiome lives in integration with the body as a single and whole organ/system. Perhaps, the human first encounters the microbial activity it carries through the immune system. This encounter and interaction are vital for the development of immune system cells that protect the body against pathogenic organisms and infections throughout life. In recent years, it has been determined that some disruptions in the host-microbiome interaction play an important role in the physiopathology of autoimmune diseases. Although the details of this interaction have not been clarified yet, the focus is on leaky gut syndrome, dysbiosis, toll-like receptor ligands, and B cell dysfunction. Nutritional regulations, prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, bacterial engineering, and vaccination are being investigated as new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of problems in these areas. This article reviews recent research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Evrensel
- Department of Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- NP Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bach JF. Revisiting the Hygiene Hypothesis in the Context of Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615192. [PMID: 33584703 PMCID: PMC7876226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially described for allergic diseases, the hygiene hypothesis was extended to autoimmune diseases in the early 2000s. A historical overview allows appreciation of the development of this concept over the last two decades and its discussion in the context of evolution. While the epidemiological data are convergent, with a few exceptions, the underlying mechanisms are multiple and complex. A major question is to determine what is the respective role of pathogens, bacteria, viruses, and parasites, versus commensals. The role of the intestinal microbiota has elicited much interest, but is it a cause or a consequence of autoimmune-mediated inflammation? Our hypothesis is that both pathogens and commensals intervene. Another question is to dissect what are the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The role of immunoregulatory cytokines, in particular interleukin-10 and TGF beta is probably essential. An important place should also be given to ligands of innate immunity receptors present in bacteria, viruses or parasites acting independently of their immunogenicity. The role of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligands is well documented including via TLR ligand desensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bach
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Academie des Sciences, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodero M, Cuéllar C. Modulation by Anisakis simplex antigen of inflammatory response generated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107241. [PMID: 33321294 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of immunization with Anisakis simplex larval antigen on the occurrence and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in mice was studied. C57BL/6J mice were immunized with the MOG35-55 peptide and one batch was treated with A. simplex total larval antigen on days 1, 8, 10 and 12 after EAE induction. Significantly higher values were obtained in the EAE clinical parameters of the antigen-treated group. Likewise, there was a significant decrease in the weights of the animals. Anisakis-treatment produced a significant decrease in anti-MOG35-55 specific IgG1 on day 21. On day 14 there was an increase in serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TGF-β in the treated group. On day 21, a decrease in IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β was observed. All brain determinations were made on day 21. The treatment decreased values of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and TNF-α. A. simplex antigen caused a significantly higher incidence of EAE and an advance in the appearance of the disease manifestations. However, treatment with the antigen was able to cause a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α) in nervous tissue that could establish a future preventive scenario for myelin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
White MPJ, Johnston CJC, Grainger JR, Konkel JE, O'Connor RA, Anderton SM, Maizels RM. The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1830. [PMID: 33117327 PMCID: PMC7552805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites are effective in biasing Th2 immunity and inducing regulatory pathways that minimize excessive inflammation within their hosts, thus allowing chronic infection to occur whilst also suppressing bystander atopic or autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory lesions within the central nervous system; there are very limited therapeutic options for the progressive forms of the disease and none are curative. Here, we used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model to examine if the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus and its excretory/secretory products (HES) are able to suppress inflammatory disease. Mice infected with H. polygyrus at the time of immunization with the peptide used to induce EAE (myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, pMOG), showed a delay in the onset and peak severity of EAE disease, however, treatment with HES only showed a marginal delay in disease onset. Mice that received H. polygyrus 4 weeks prior to EAE induction were also not significantly protected. H. polygyrus secretes a known TGF-β mimic (Hp-TGM) and simultaneous H. polygyrus infection with pMOG immunization led to a significant expansion of Tregs; however, administering the recombinant Hp-TGM to EAE mice failed to replicate the EAE protection seen during infection, indicating that this may not be central to the disease protecting mechanism. Mice infected with H. polygyrus also showed a systemic Th2 biasing, and restimulating splenocytes with pMOG showed release of pMOG-specific IL-4 as well as suppression of inflammatory IL-17A. Notably, a Th2-skewed response was found only in mice infected with H. polygyrus at the time of EAE induction and not those with a chronic infection. Furthermore, H. polygyrus failed to protect against disease in IL-4Rα−/− mice. Together these results indicate that the EAE disease protective mechanism of H. polygyrus is likely to be predominantly Th2 deviation, and further highlights Th2-biasing as a future therapeutic strategy for MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine P J White
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J C Johnston
- Clinical Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John R Grainger
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A O'Connor
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Charabati M, Donkers SJ, Kirkland MC, Osborne LC. A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2020; 26:1448-1458. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458519899040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helminthic worms are ancestral members of the intestinal ecosystem that have been largely eradicated from the general population in industrialized countries. Immunomodulatory mechanisms induced by some helminths mediate a “truce” between the mammalian host and the colonizing worm, thus allowing for long-term persistence in the absence of immune-mediated collateral tissue damage. This concept and the geographic discrepancy between global burdens of chronic inflammatory diseases and helminth infection have sparked interest in the potential of using helminthic worms as a therapeutic intervention to limit the progression of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we present and evaluate the evidence for this hypothesis in the pre-clinical animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, in helminth-infected MS patients and in clinical trials of administered helminth immunotherapy (HIT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada/Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah J Donkers
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Megan C Kirkland
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|