1
|
Scatà MC, Alhussien MN, Grandoni F, Reale A, Zampieri M, Hussen J, De Matteis G. Hyperthermia-induced changes in leukocyte survival and phagocytosis: a comparative study in bovine and buffalo leukocytes. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1327148. [PMID: 38322426 PMCID: PMC10844375 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects health, welfare, and livestock productivity by impairing immune function, increasing disease incidence. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in understanding the immune system of water buffalo due to the growing economic impact of this species for the high quality and nutritional value of buffalo milk. While there are common responses across bovine and buffalo species, there are also some species-specific variations in the physiological responses to heat stress, mainly attributed to differences in metabolism and heat dissipation efficiency. At cellular level, the exposure to thermal stress induces several anomalies in cell functions. However, there is limited knowledge about the differential response of bovine and buffalo leucocytes to early and late exposure to different degrees of thermal exposure. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro effect of hyperthermia on apoptosis and phagocytosis in leukocytes from bovine and buffalo species. For this, whole blood samples of six bovines and nine buffaloes were incubated at 39°C (mimicking normothermia condition) or 41°C (mimicking heat stress condition) for 1, 2, and 4 h. Two flow cytometric assays were then performed to evaluate apoptosis and determine functional capacity of phagocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes). The results showed that the viability of bovine and buffalo leukocytes was differently affected by temperature and time of in vitro exposure. A higher percentage of apoptotic leukocytes was observed in bovines than in buffaloes at 39°C (3.19 vs. 1.51, p < 0.05) and 41°C (4.01 vs. 1.69, p < 0.05) and for all incubation time points (p < 0.05). In contrast, no difference was observed in the fraction of necrotic leukocytes between the two species. In both species, lymphocytes showed the highest sensitivity to hyperthermia, showing an increased apoptosis rates along with increased incubation time. In bovine, apoptotic lymphocytes increased from 5.79 to 12.7% at 39°C (p < 0.05), in buffalo, this population increased from 1.50 to 3.57% at 39°C and from 2.90 to 4.99% at 41°C (p < 0.05). Although no significant differences were found between the two species regarding the percentage of phagocytic neutrophils, lower phagocytosis capacity values (MFI, mean fluorescence intensity) were found in bovines compared with buffaloes at 41°C (27960.72 vs. 53676.45, p > 0.05). However, for monocytes, the differences between species were significant for both phagocytosis activity and capacity with lower percentages of bovine phagocytic monocytes after 2 h at 39°C and after 1 h at 41°C. The bovine monocytes showed lower MFI values for all temperature and time variations than buffaloes (37538.91 vs. 90445.47 at 39°C and 33752.91 vs. 70278.79 at 41°C, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the current study represents the first report on the comparative analysis of the effect of in vitro heat stress on bovine and buffalo leukocyte populations, highlighting that the leukocytes of buffalo exhibit relatively higher thermal adaptation than bovine cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Scatà
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Francesco Grandoni
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Reale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Mauro S, Filipe J, Facchin A, Roveri L, Addis MF, Monistero V, Piccinini R, Sala G, Pravettoni D, Zamboni C, Ceciliani F, Lecchi C. The secretome of Staphylococcus aureus strains with opposite within-herd epidemiological behavior affects bovine mononuclear cell response. Vet Res 2023; 54:120. [PMID: 38098120 PMCID: PMC10720180 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus modulates the host immune response directly by interacting with the immune cells or indirectly by secreting molecules (secretome). Relevant differences in virulence mechanisms have been reported for the secretome produced by different S. aureus strains. The present study investigated the S. aureus secretome impact on peripheral bovine mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by comparing two S. aureus strains with opposite epidemiological behavior, the genotype B (GTB)/sequence type (ST) 8, associated with a high within-herd prevalence, and GTS/ST398, associated with a low within-herd prevalence. PBMCs were incubated with different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2.5%) of GTB/ST8 and GTS/ST398 secretome for 18 and 48 h, and the viability was assessed. The mRNA levels of pro- (IL1-β and STAT1) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, STAT6, and TGF-β) genes, and the amount of pro- (miR-155-5p and miR-125b-5p) and anti-inflammatory (miR-146a and miR-145) miRNAs were quantified by RT-qPCR. Results showed that incubation with 2.5% of GTB/ST8 secretome increased the viability of cells. In contrast, incubation with the GTS/ST398 secretome strongly decreased cell viability, preventing any further assays. The GTB/ST8 secretome promoted PBMC polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype inducing the overexpression of IL1-β, STAT1 and miR-155-5p, while the expression of genes involved in the anti-inflammatory response was not affected. In conclusion, the challenge of PBMC to the GTS/ST398 secretome strongly impaired cell viability, while exposure to the GTB/ST8 secretome increased cell viability and enhanced a pro-inflammatory response, further highlighting the different effects exerted on host cells by S. aureus strains with epidemiologically divergent behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Di Mauro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Facchin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Roveri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali-MILab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali-MILab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali-MILab, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulia Sala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, via Livornese s.n.c, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Davide Pravettoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zamboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gujar G, Tiwari M, Yadav N, Monika D. Heat stress adaptation in cows - Physiological responses and underlying molecular mechanisms. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103740. [PMID: 37976864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a key abiotic stressor for dairy production in the tropics which is further compounded by the ongoing climate change. Heat stress not only adversely impacts the production and welfare of dairy cows but severely impacts the economics of dairying due to production losses and increased cost of rearing. Over the years, selection has ensured development of high producing breeds, however, the thermotolerance ability of animals has been largely overlooked. In the past decade, the ill effects of climate change have made it pertinent to rethink the selection strategies to opt for climate resilient breeds, to ensure optimum production and reproduction. This has led to renewed interest in evaluation of the impacts of heat stress on cows and the underlying mechanisms that results in their acclimatization and adaptation to varied thermal ambience. The understanding of heat stress and associated responses at various level of animal is crucial to device amelioration strategies to secure optimum production and welfare of cows. With this review, an effort has been made to provide an overview on temperature humidity index as an important indicator of heat stress, general effect of heat stress in dairy cows, and impact of heat stress and subsequent response at physiological, haematological, molecular and genetic level of dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Gujar
- Livestock Production Management, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India.
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Animal Biotechnology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Nistha Yadav
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India
| | - Dr Monika
- Veterinary Parasitology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302012, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loor JJ, Lopreiato V, Palombo V, D’Andrea M. Physiological impact of amino acids during heat stress in ruminants. Anim Front 2023; 13:69-80. [PMID: 37841758 PMCID: PMC10575319 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Palatucci snc 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, via De Sanctis snc 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, via De Sanctis snc 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Worku D, Hussen J, De Matteis G, Schusser B, Alhussien MN. Candidate genes associated with heat stress and breeding strategies to relieve its effects in dairy cattle: a deeper insight into the genetic architecture and immune response to heat stress. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1151241. [PMID: 37771947 PMCID: PMC10527375 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1151241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for food products of animal origin is increasing worldwide. Satisfying these needs in a way that has minimal impact on the environment requires cutting-edge technologies and techniques to enhance the genetic quality of cattle. Heat stress (HS), in particular, is affecting dairy cattle with increasing frequency and severity. As future climatic challenges become more evident, identifying dairy cows that are more tolerant to HS will be important for breeding dairy herds that are better adapted to future environmental conditions and for supporting the sustainability of dairy farming. While research into the genetics of HS in the context of the effect of global warming on dairy cattle is gaining momentum, the specific genomic regions involved in heat tolerance are still not well documented. Advances in omics information, QTL mapping, transcriptome profiling and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genomic regions and variants associated with tolerance to HS. Such studies could provide deeper insights into the genetic basis for response to HS and make an important contribution to future breeding for heat tolerance, which will help to offset the adverse effects of HS in dairy cattle. Overall, there is a great interest in identifying candidate genes and the proportion of genetic variation associated with heat tolerance in dairy cattle, and this area of research is currently very active worldwide. This review provides comprehensive information pertaining to some of the notable recent studies on the genetic architecture of HS in dairy cattle, with particular emphasis on the identified candidate genes associated with heat tolerance in dairy cattle. Since effective breeding programs require optimal knowledge of the impaired immunity and associated health complications caused by HS, the underlying mechanisms by which HS modulates the immune response and renders animals susceptible to various health disorders are explained. In addition, future breeding strategies to relieve HS in dairy cattle and improve their welfare while maintaining milk production are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Destaw Worku
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Climate Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lemal P, May K, König S, Schroyen M, Gengler N. Invited review: From heat stress to disease-Immune response and candidate genes involved in cattle thermotolerance. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00214-X. [PMID: 37164864 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress implies unfavorable effects on primary and functional traits in dairy cattle and, in consequence, on the profitability of the whole production system. The increasing number of days with extreme hot temperatures suggests that it is imperative to detect the heat stress status of animals based on adequate measures. However, confirming the heat stress status of an individual is still challenging, and, in consequence, the identification of novel heat stress biomarkers, including molecular biomarkers, remains a very relevant issue. Currently, it is known that heat stress seems to have unfavorable effects on immune system mechanisms, but this information is of limited use in the context of heat stress phenotyping. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge addressing the molecular mechanisms linking the relevant genes to the observed phenotype. In this review, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms explaining how heat stress affects the immune system and, therefore, increases the occurrence of immune-related diseases in cattle. In this regard, 2 relatively opposite hypotheses are under focus: the immunosuppressive action of cortisol, and the proinflammatory effect of heat stress. In both hypotheses, the modulation of the immune response during heat stress is highlighted. Moreover, it is possible to link candidate genes to these potential mechanisms. In this context, immune markers are very valuable indicators for the detection of heat stress in dairy cattle, broadening the portfolio of potential biomarkers for heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lemal
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - K May
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - S König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - M Schroyen
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Gengler
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Li Q, Liu J, Huang Y, Mao J, Zhang G. HSF1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages promotes tumor cell proliferation and indicates poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 25:1682-1689. [PMID: 36586067 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are crucial for the survival and development of tumor cells. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a potent, complex carcinogenesis modulator, and esophageal cancer (EC) patients have a bad prognosis when HSF1 is highly expressed. HSF1's clinical importance and biological role in TAMs are still unknown. METHODS The HSF1 expression profile and patient survival information were analyzed from the TCGA database. The infiltration of different types of immune cells in EC was evaluated based on HSF1 gene expression by Sangerbox 3.0. Immunochemistry was employed to assess HSF1 protein expression in 134 individuals with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), proceeded by association with clinicopathological variables. The role of macrophage-driven HSF1 were observed using HSF1-knockdown THP1 cells. RESULTS High level of HSF1 have a poorer prognosis in individuals with EC. The expressing level of HSF1 was positively related to infiltration of M2 macrophages (P < 0.05). The expression of HSF1 in macrophages was an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.002) and OS (P = 0.002) in ESCC cases. HSF1 was up-regulated in IL-4 stimulation THP1 cells in a time-dependent manner. Under the heat stimulation condition, THP1-derived macrophages were more sensitive than tumor cells. Compared to IL-4 induced-THP1 cells control, the HSF1 knockdown in THP1 cell inhibited the growth and proliferation of ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The up-regulation of HSF1 was more rapid and could affect the proliferation of tumor cells in IL4-induced macrophages. The expression of HSF1 in TAMs can also serve as a marker for ESCC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiasheng Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinzhu Mao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ávila G, Di Mauro S, Filipe J, Agazzi A, Comi M, Lecchi C, Ceciliani F. Immunomodulatory effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on porcine monocytes (CD14 +) immune response in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 254:110523. [PMID: 36463585 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) found mostly in fish oil. They have been commonly used as dietary integrators in human and animal nutrition, modulating the immune system, mostly by exerting anti-inflammatory activities as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro studies. The precise mechanisms of action at the background of EPA and DHA immunomodulatory activity are still not fully elucidated. Moreover, no information on their effects on porcine monocytes immune response is available yet. To cover this gap, the study aimed to evaluate DHA and EPA's in vitro impact on porcine monocytes (CD14 +) defensive functions. Briefly, monocytes were isolated from the blood of twenty-six healthy pigs, using a magnetic-activated cell sorting technique (MACS). Monocytes were first treated with increasing concentrations of DHA and EPA (25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) and apoptosis and viability were measured to assess potential cytotoxic effects. Once determined EPA and DHA subtoxic working concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µM), their effects on chemotaxis, phagocytosis and total, intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. DHA and EPA only decreased porcine monocytes viability at the highest concentration (200 µM), but their apoptosis was unaffected. DHA (100 µM) decreased the cells' chemotaxis, while EPA (25 µM) increased their intracellular ROS production after 60 min under non-inflammatory or resting conditions and at 90 min under pro-inflammatory conditions (PMA challenge). EPA (50 µM) decreased monocytes' intracellular ROS levels only under resting conditions at 30 min. No effects were observed on porcine monocytes phagocytic capacity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that DHA and EPA can exert differential in vitro immunomodulatory effects in pigs, by dampening monocytes chemotaxis and potentiating their oxidative burst, respectively. Thus, our results suggest these n-3 PUFA might exert both anti-inflammatory and/or immune-enhancing effects in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ávila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Susanna Di Mauro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Marcello Comi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan PK, Wang KT, Nan FH, Wu TM, Wu YS. Red Algae “Sarcodia suieae” Acetyl-Xylogalactan Downregulate Heat-Induced Macrophage Stress Factors Ddit3 and Hyou1 Compared to the Aquatic Animal Model of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Brain Arachidonic Acid Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314662. [PMID: 36498988 PMCID: PMC9737935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is known to be an increased stress that affects aquatic animal behavior and physiological alternations, which can induce the animal's death. In order to known whether the extracted acetyl-xylogalactan function on the regulation of the external high temperature induced death, we first selected the mammalian cell line "RAW 264.7" used in the previous experiment to evaluate the extracted acetyl-xylogalactan function. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the acetyl-xylogalactan on the RAW 264.7 macrophages and Nile Tilapia stress factor expression under the heat environment. In the in vitro cell observation, we assessed the cell survival, phagocytic activity, intracellular Ca2+ level, mitochondria potential exchange, apoptotic assay findings, galactosidase activity, RNA-seq by NGS and real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) expression. In the in vivo Nile Tilapia observation aimed to evaluate the blood biochemical indicator, brain metabolites exchange and the liver morphology. In our evaluation of RAW 264.7 macrophages, the RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was shown to upregulate the expression of the anti-apoptosis Cflar gene and downregulate the expression of the apoptosis factors Ddit3 and Hyou1 to protect macrophages under heat stress. We already knew the extracted acetyl-xylogalactan function on the mammalian "RAW 264.7" system. Following, we used the aquatic Nile Tilapia model as the anthropogenic climate change high temperature experiment. After feeding the Nile Tilapia with the acetyl-xylogalactan, it was found to reduce the brain arachidonic acid (AA) production, which is related to the NF-κB-induced apoptosis mechanism. Combined with the in vitro and in vivo findings, the acetyl-xylogalactan was able to reduce the heat induced cell or tissue stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Pan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Teng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Meng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-M.W.); (Y.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 6223) (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-M.W.); (Y.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 6223) (Y.-S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dahl G, McFadden T. Symposium review: Environmental effects on mammary immunity and health. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8586-8589. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Gujar G, Choudhary VK, Vivek P, Sodhi M, Choudhary M, Tiwari M, Masharing N, Mukesh M. Characterization of thermo-physiological, hematological, and molecular changes in response to seasonal variations in two tropically adapted native cattle breeds of Bos indicus lineage in hot arid ambience of Thar Desert. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1515-1529. [PMID: 35759145 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The selection of climate resilient animal is necessary to secure the future of sustainable animal production. The present investigation therefore was an effort to unravel answers to the adaptation at physiological, hematological, and molecular levels in cows of hot arid region that helps them to survive harsh environment, to continue production and reproduction. This investigation was carried out in indicine cows over a period of one year, encompassing four seasons, wherein physiological data of 50 animals, hematological data of 15 animals, and gene expression profile of 5 animals from each of Sahiwal and Kankrej breeds per season was generated. In total, 5600 physiological observations, 1344 hematological observations, and 480 molecular samples were processed. The meteorological data revealed a high diurnal variation of temperature across seasons, with THI exceeding 80 during the months of summer and hot-humid seasons, indicating significant heat stress (HS). The physiological parameters showed an increasing trend with the incremental THI, with significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and body surface temperature (BST) at ventral (VT), lateral (LT), dorsal (DT), and frontal (FT), in both breeds recorded during HS. The hematological pictures also revealed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal perturbations in erythrocytic and leucocytic parameters. Moreover, the molecular response was driven by a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of all the key HSPs, HSP70, HSP90, HSP60, and HSP40, except HSP27 during the hotter months of summer and hot-humid seasons. The expression of HSF1, an important transcriptional regulator of HSP70 was also significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated during summer season in both breeds. All the molecular chaperones revealed a significant upregulation during the summer season, followed by a decreasing trend by hot-humid season. The study indicated a well-developed thermotolerance mechanism in animals of both breeds, with Kankrej cows exhibiting better thermotolerance compared to Sahiwal cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Gujar
- Rajasthan University of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Prince Vivek
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Sodhi
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Choudhary
- Rajasthan University of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Nampher Masharing
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
- ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Coleman DN, Totakul P, Onjai-Uea N, Aboragah A, Jiang Q, Vailati-Riboni M, Pate RT, Luchini D, Paengkoum P, Wanapat M, Cardoso FC, Loor JJ. Rumen-protected methionine during heat stress alters mTOR, insulin signaling, and 1-carbon metabolism protein abundance in liver, and whole-blood transsulfuration pathway genes in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7787-7804. [PMID: 35879168 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) during a heat stress (HS) challenge on (1) hepatic abundance of mTOR, insulin, and antioxidant signaling proteins, (2) enzymes in 1-carbon metabolism, and (3) innate immunity. Holstein cows (n = 32; mean ± standard deviation, 184 ± 59 d in milk) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 environmental groups, and 1 of 2 diets [total mixed ration (TMR) with RPM (Smartamine M; 0.105% dry matter as top-dress) or TMR without (CON); n = 16/diet] in a split-plot crossover design. There were 2 periods with 2 phases. During phase 1 (9 d), all cows were in thermoneutral conditions (TN; temperature-humidity index = 60 ± 3) and fed ad libitum. During phase 2 (9 d), half the cows (n = 8/diet) were exposed to HS using electric heat blankets. The other half (n = 8/diet) remained in TN, but was pair-fed to HS counterparts. After a 14-d washout and 7-d adaptation period, the study was repeated (period 2) and environmental treatments were inverted relative to phase 2, but dietary treatments were the same. Blood was collected on d 6 of each phase 2 to measure immune function and isolate whole-blood RNA. Liver biopsies were performed at the end of each period for cystathione β-synthase (CBS) and methionine adenosyltransferase activity, glutathione concentration, and protein abundance. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Abundance of CUL3, inhibitor of antioxidant responses, tended to be downregulated by HS suggesting increased oxidative stress. Heat-shock protein 70 abundance was upregulated by HS. Phosphorylated mTOR abundance was greater overall with RPM, suggesting an increase in pathway activity. An environment × diet (E × D) effect was observed for protein kinase B (AKT), whereas there was a tendency for an interaction for phosphorylated AKT. Abundance of AKT was upregulated in CON cows during HS versus TN, this was not observed in RPM cows. For phosphorylated AKT, tissue from HS cows fed CON had greater abundance compared with all other treatments. The same effect was observed for EIF2A (translation initiation) and SLC2A4 (insulin-induced glucose uptake). An E × D effect was observed for INSR due to upregulation in CON cows during HS versus TN cows fed CON or RPM. There was an E × D effect for CBS, with lower activity in RPM versus CON cows during HS. The CON cows tended to have greater CBS during HS versus TN. An E × D effect was observed for methionine adenosyltransferase, with lower activity in RPM versus CON during HS. Although activity increased in CON during HS versus TN, RPM cows tended to have greater activity during TN. Neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst and monocyte phagocytosis decreased with HS. An (E × D) effect was observed for whole-blood mRNA abundance of CBS, SOD1 and CSAD; RPM led to upregulation during TN versus HS. Regardless of diet, CDO1, CTH, and SOD1 decreased with HS. Although HS increased hepatic HSP70 and seemed to alter antioxidant signaling, feeding RPM may help cows maintain homeostasis in mTOR, insulin signaling, and 1-carbon metabolism. Feeding RPM also may help maintain whole-blood antioxidant response during HS, which is an important aspect of innate immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - P Totakul
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - N Onjai-Uea
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 3000, Thailand
| | - A Aboragah
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Q Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - R T Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | | | - P Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 3000, Thailand
| | - M Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - F C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ávila G, De Leonardis D, Grilli G, Lecchi C, Ceciliani F. Anti-inflammatory activity of citrus pectin on chicken monocytes' immune response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110269. [PMID: 34023617 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a dietary fibre composed of galacturonic acid, primarily found in the citrus fruits' cell walls. Citrus pectin (CP) has demonstrated antioxidative, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties in humans and animals. In broilers, CP supplementation improves energy utilization and nutrient digestibility, but limited information on its effects on chicken immunity is available so far. This study aimed to assess the in vitro impact of CP on chicken monocytes' immune response. Cells were purified from whole blood of healthy chickens and incubated with increasing concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 mg/mL) of CP to determine CP working concentration. The effects of different CP concentrations on cells' apoptosis and viability were assessed by measuring caspase-3 and -7 and the cells' metabolic activity (MTT assay), respectively. CP had no dose-dependent effect on monocyte apoptosis and viability.Then, the effects of CP (0.5 mg/mL) on chicken monocytes' chemotaxis and phagocytosis were assessed by measuring transwell migration and fluorescein-labelled E. coli incorporation, respectively. CP inhibited both monocytes' chemotaxis and phagocytosis.These data demonstrate that CP exerts an immunomodulatory role in chicken monocytes, supporting its integration in nutrition strategies that might be beneficial for the animal's immunity and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ávila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| | - D De Leonardis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - G Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - C Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - F Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hussen J. Changes in Cell Vitality, Phenotype, and Function of Dromedary Camel Leukocytes After Whole Blood Exposure to Heat Stress in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:647609. [PMID: 33898545 PMCID: PMC8062783 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.647609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is well-adapted to the desert environment with the ability to tolerate increased internal body temperatures rising daily to 41–42°C during extreme hot. This study was undertaken to assess whether in vitro incubation of camel blood at 41°C, simulating conditions of heat stress, differently alters cell vitality, phenotype, and function of leukocytes, compared to incubation at 37°C (normothermia). Using flow cytometry, the cell vitality (necrosis and apoptosis), the expression of several cell markers and adhesion molecules, and the antimicrobial functions of camel leukocytes were analyzed in vitro. The fraction of apoptotic cells within the granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes increased significantly after incubation of camel whole blood at 41°C for 4 h. The higher increase in apoptotic granulocytes and monocytes compared to lymphocytes suggests higher resistance of camel lymphocytes to heat stress. Functionally, incubation of camel blood at 41°C for 4 h enhanced the phagocytosis and ROS production activities of camel neutrophils and monocytes toward S. aureus. Monocytes from camel blood incubated at 41°C for 4 h significantly decreased their expression level of MHC class II molecules with no change in the abundance of CD163, resulting in a CD163high MHC-IIlow M2-like macrophage phenotype. In addition, heat stress treatment showed an inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced changes in camel monocytes phenotype. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of camel blood at 41°C reduced the expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11a on neutrophils and monocytes. Collectively, the present study identified some heat-stress-induced phenotypic and functional alterations in camel blood leukocytes, providing a paradigm for comparative immunology in the large animals. The clinical relevance of the observed changes in camel leukocytes for the adaptation of the camel immune response to heat stress conditions needs further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lopreiato V, Vailati-Riboni M, Parys C, Fernandez C, Minuti A, Loor JJ. Methyl donor supply to heat stress-challenged polymorphonuclear leukocytes from lactating Holstein cows enhances 1-carbon metabolism, immune response, and cytoprotective gene network abundance. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10477-10493. [PMID: 32952025 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms controlling immune function of dairy cows are dysregulated during heat stress (HS). Methyl donor supply-methionine (Met) and choline (Chol)-positively modulates innate immune function, particularly antioxidant systems of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Met and Chol supply in vitro on mRNA abundance of genes related to 1-carbon metabolism, inflammation, and immune function in short-term cultures of PMN isolated from mid-lactating Holstein cows in response to heat challenge. Blood PMN were isolated from 5 Holstein cows (153 ± 5 d postpartum, 34.63 ± 2.73 kg/d of milk production; mean ± SD). The PMN were incubated for 2 h at thermal-neutral (37°C; TN) or heat stress (42°C; HS) temperatures with 3 levels of Chol (0, 400, or 800 μg/mL) or 3 ratios of Lys:Met (Met; 3.6:1, 2.9:1, or 2.4:1). Supernatant concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured via bovine-specific ELISA. Fold-changes in mRNA abundance were calculated separately for Chol and Met treatments to obtain the fold-change response at 42°C (HS) relative to 37°C (TN). Data were subjected to ANOVA using PROC MIXED in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine the linear or quadratic effect of Met and Chol for mRNA fold-change and supernatant cytokine concentrations. Compared with PMN receiving 0 μg of Chol/mL, heat-stressed PMN supplemented with Chol at 400 or 800 μg/mL had greater fold-change in abundance of CBS, CSAD, GSS, GSR, and GPX1. Among genes associated with inflammation and immune function, fold-change in abundance of TLR2, TLR4, IRAK1, IL1B, and IL10 increased with 400 and 800 μg of Chol/mL compared with PMN receiving 0 μg of Chol/mL. Fold-change in abundance of SAHH decreased linearly at increasing levels of Met supply. A linear effect was detected for MPO, NFKB1, and SOD1 due to greater fold-change in abundance when Met was increased to reach Lys:Met ratios of 2.9:1 and 2.4:1. Although increasing Chol supply upregulated BAX, BCL2, and HSP70, increased Met supply only upregulated BAX. Under HS conditions, enhancing PMN supply of Chol to 400 μg/mL effectively increased fold-change in abundance of genes involved in antioxidant production (conferring cellular processes protection from free radicals and reactive oxygen species), inflammatory signaling, and innate immunity. Although similar outcomes were obtained with Met supply at Lys:Met ratios of 2.9:1 and 2.4:1, the response was less pronounced. Both Chol and Met supply enhanced the cytoprotective characteristics of PMN through upregulation of heat shock proteins. Overall, the modulatory effects detected in the present experiment highlight an opportunity to use Met and particularly Chol supplementation during thermal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - C Parys
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang 63457, Germany
| | - C Fernandez
- Animal Science Department, Universitàt Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
| |
Collapse
|