1
|
Tyrinova T, Leplina O, Mishinov S, Tikhonova M, Kalinovskiy A, Chernov S, Dolgova E, Stupak V, Voronina E, Bogachev S, Shevela E, Ostanin A, Chernykh E. Defective Dendritic Cell Cytotoxic Activity of High-Grade Glioma Patients' Results from the Low Expression of Membrane TNFα and Can Be Corrected In Vitro by Treatment with Recombinant IL-2 or Exogenic Double-Stranded DNA. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:298-310. [PMID: 29932796 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides initiation of tumor-specific T cell immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are endowed with tumoricidal activity. Previously, we showed that monocyte-derived DCs of high-grade glioma patients generated in the presence of interferon alpha (IFNα) (IFN-DCs) have impaired cytotoxic activity against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-sensitive HEp-2 tumor cells. Herein, we demonstrate that decreased transmembrane TNFα (tmTNFα) expression, but not soluble TNFα (sTNFα) production by high-grade glioma patient IFN-DCs, determines the defective tumoricidal activity against TNFα-sensitive HEp-2 cells. Blocking TNFα-converting enzyme or stimulation of patient IFN-DCs with rIL-2 or dsDNA enhances tmTNFα expression on IFN-DCs and significantly increases their cytotoxicity. Decreased tmTNFα expression on patient IFN-DCs is not caused by downregulation of pNFκB. Neither rIL-2 nor dsDNA upregulates tmTNFα expression on patient IFN-DCs via an increase of pNFκB. The current study shows an important role of tmTNFα as mediator of IFN-DC tumoricidal activity and as molecular target for the restoration of defective DC killer activity in high-grade glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tyrinova
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Leplina
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Mishinov
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Zivian , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Tikhonova
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton Kalinovskiy
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Federal Neurosurgical Center , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Chernov
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Federal Neurosurgical Center , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Dolgova
- 4 Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Stupak
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Zivian , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Voronina
- 5 Laboratory of Morphological and Molecular Biology Techniques, Regional Center of High Medical Technologies , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Bogachev
- 4 Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Shevela
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Ostanin
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Chernykh
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Macrophages and dendritic cells as actors in the immune reaction of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114345. [PMID: 25470820 PMCID: PMC4255018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory infiltrate plays a pivotal role in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Here, we focussed on the role of macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DC). METHODS MΦ and DC infiltration was investigated in 106 cHL specimens using immunohistochemistry and cytokine expression was analyzed in a subset by real-time PCR. Human peripheral blood-derived monocytes, DC, MΦ stimulated with GM-CSF (MΦGM-CSF, pro-inflammatory MΦ-1-model) or M-CSF (MΦM-CSF, immunomodulatory MΦ-2-model) were incubated with cHL cell line (L1236, HDLM2) supernatants (SN). DC maturation or MΦ polarization were investigated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the impact of DC or MΦ on cHL cell proliferation was analyzed by BrdU/CFSE assay. RESULTS In cHL tissues mature myeloid (m)DC and MΦ predominated. High numbers of CD83+ mDC and low numbers of CD163+ MΦ were associated with improved disease specific survival. In numerous cHL specimens increased levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and of IL13 and GM-CSF were observed compared to reactive lymphadenopathies. Maturation of DC and induction and maintenance of an immunomodulatory MΦ phenotype were promoted by SN derived from cHL cell lines. TNFα neutralization in SN resulted in a significant inhibition of mDC maturation. DC and pro-inflammatory MΦ inhibited the proliferation of cHL cells. CONCLUSION Adopting an immunomodulatory phenotype is a potential mechanism for how MΦ promote immune evasion in cHL. Mature DC, in contrast, might participate in antitumoral immunity.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tel J, Anguille S, Waterborg CEJ, Smits EL, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. Tumoricidal activity of human dendritic cells. Trends Immunol 2013; 35:38-46. [PMID: 24262387 PMCID: PMC7106406 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human DC subsets can exert tumoricidal activity. Killer DCs exploit several mechanisms for direct killing of target cells, including TRAIL and granzyme B. Antigen presentation and/or IFN production are important additional effector functions. Killer DCs are promising targets for immunotherapeutic strategies.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a family of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are able to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. The DC family is heterogeneous and is classically divided into two main subsets, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics: myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Recent results have provided intriguing evidence that both DC subsets can also function as direct cytotoxic effector cells; in particular, against cancer cells. In this review, we delve into this understudied function of human DCs and discuss why these so-called killer DCs might become important tools in future cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claire E J Waterborg
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tyrinova TV, Leplina OY, Mishinov SV, Tikhonova MA, Shevela EY, Stupak VV, Pendyurin IV, Shilov AG, Alyamkina EA, Rubtsova NV, Bogachev SS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER. Cytotoxic activity of ex-vivo generated IFNα-induced monocyte-derived dendritic cells in brain glioma patients. Cell Immunol 2013; 284:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
5
|
LaCasse CJ, Janikashvili N, Larmonier CB, Alizadeh D, Hanke N, Kartchner J, Situ E, Centuori S, Har-Noy M, Bonnotte B, Katsanis E, Larmonier N. Th-1 lymphocytes induce dendritic cell tumor killing activity by an IFN-γ-dependent mechanism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:6310-7. [PMID: 22075702 PMCID: PMC3297475 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) encompass a heterogeneous population of cells capable of orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. The ability of DCs to act as professional APCs has been the foundation for the development and use of these cells as vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. DCs are also endowed with the nonconventional property of directly killing tumor cells. The current study investigates the regulation of murine DC cytotoxic function by T lymphocytes. We provide evidence that CD4(+) Th-1, but not Th-2, Th-17 cells, or regulatory T cells, are capable of inducing DC cytotoxic function. IFN-γ was identified as the major factor responsible for Th-1-induced DC tumoricidal activity. Tumor cell killing mediated by Th-1-activated killer DCs was dependent on inducible NO synthase expression and NO production. Importantly, Th-1-activated killer DCs were capable of presenting the acquired Ags from the killed tumor cells to T lymphocytes in vitro or in vivo. These observations offer new possibilities for the application of killer DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/physiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. LaCasse
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | - Nona Janikashvili
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | | | - Darya Alizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | - Neale Hanke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | - Jessica Kartchner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | - Elaine Situ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | - Sara Centuori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | - Michael Har-Noy
- Immunovative Therapies Ltd, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- BIO5 Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| | - Nicolas Larmonier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
- BIO5 Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lakomy D, Janikashvili N, Fraszczak J, Trad M, Audia S, Samson M, Ciudad M, Vinit J, Vergely C, Caillot D, Foucher P, Lagrost L, Chouaib S, Katsanis E, Larmonier N, Bonnotte B. Cytotoxic dendritic cells generated from cancer patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2775-82. [PMID: 21804019 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Known for years as professional APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) are also endowed with tumoricidal activity. This dual role of DC as killers and messengers may have important implications for tumor immunotherapy. However, the tumoricidal activity of DCs has mainly been investigated in animal models. Cancer cells inhibit antitumor immune responses using numerous mechanisms, including the induction of immunosuppressive/ tolerogenic DCs that have lost their ability to present Ags in an immunogenic manner. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of generating tumor killer DCs from patients with advanced-stage cancers. We demonstrate that human monocyte-derived DCs are endowed with significant cytotoxic activity against tumor cells following activation with LPS. The mechanism of DC-mediated tumor cell killing primarily involves peroxynitrites. This observed cytotoxic activity is restricted to immature DCs. Additionally, after killing, these cytotoxic DCs are able to activate tumor Ag-specific T cells. These observations may open important new perspectives for the use of autologous cytotoxic DCs in cancer immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lakomy
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Institut de Recherche Fédératif 100, Faculté de Médecine, 21079 Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baron S, Finbloom J, Horowitz J, Bekisz J, Morrow A, Zhao T, Fey S, Schmeisser H, Balinsky C, Miyake K, Clark C, Zoon K. Near eradication of clinically relevant concentrations of human tumor cells by interferon-activated monocytes in vitro. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:569-73. [PMID: 21323569 PMCID: PMC3128785 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that low concentrations of interferon (IFN)-activated monocytes exert near-eradicative cytocidal activity against low concentrations of several human tumor cells in vitro. In the present study, we examined 7 human tumor cell lines and 3 diploid lines in the presence or absence of 10 ng/mL IFNα2a and monocytes. The results confirmed strong cytocidal activity against 4 of 7 tumor lines but none against 3 diploid lines. To model larger in vivo tumors, we increased the target cell concentration and determined the concentration of IFNα2a and monocytes, required for cell death. We found that increasing the tumor cell concentration from 10- to 100-fold (10(5) cells/well) required an increase in the concentration of IFNs by over 100-fold and monocytes by 10-fold. High concentrations of monocytes could sometimes kill tumor or diploid cells in the absence of IFN. We may conclude that killing of high concentrations of tumor or diploid cells required high concentrations of monocytes that could sometimes kill in the absence of IFN. Thus, high concentrations of tumor cells required high concentrations of IFN and monocytes to cause near eradication of tumor cells. These findings may have clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Baron
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Joel Finbloom
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie Horowitz
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph Bekisz
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angel Morrow
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tongmao Zhao
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samuel Fey
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hana Schmeisser
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Corey Balinsky
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kotaro Miyake
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher Clark
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathryn Zoon
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Larmonier N, Fraszczak J, Lakomy D, Bonnotte B, Katsanis E. Killer dendritic cells and their potential for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1-11. [PMID: 19618185 PMCID: PMC11031008 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Known for years as the principal messengers of the immune system, dendritic cells (DC) represent a heterogeneous population of antigen presenting cells critically located at the nexus between innate and adaptive immunity. DC play a central role in the initiation of tumor-specific immune responses as they are endowed with the unique ability to take up, process and present tumor antigens to naïve CD4(+) or CD8(+) effector T lymphocytes. By virtue of the cytokines they produce, DC also regulate the type, strength and duration of T cell immune responses. In addition, they can participate in anti-tumoral NK and NKT cell activation and in the orchestration of humoral immunity. More recent studies have documented that besides their primary role in the induction and regulation of adaptive anti-tumoral immune responses, DC are also endowed with the capacity to directly kill cancer cells. This dual role of DC as killers and messengers may have important implications for tumor immunotherapy. First, the direct killing of malignant cells by DC may foster the release and thereby the immediate availability of specific tumor antigens for presentation to cytotoxic or helper T lymphocytes. Second, DC may participate in the effector phase of the immune response, potentially augmenting the diversity of the killing mechanisms leading to tumor elimination. This review focuses on this non-conventional cytotoxic function of DC as it relates to the promotion of cancer immunity and discusses the potential application of killer DC (KDC) in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Larmonier
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., PO Box 245073, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073 USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- BIO5 Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | | | - Daniela Lakomy
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM UMR 866, IFR 100, Dijon, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., PO Box 245073, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073 USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
- BIO5 Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A subset of myeloid dendritic cells derived from peripheral blood monocytes represented a predominant subset characterized by their potential tumor-inhibiting activity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009; 45:398-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-009-9187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Reschner A, Hubert P, Delvenne P, Boniver J, Jacobs N. Innate lymphocyte and dendritic cell cross-talk: a key factor in the regulation of the immune response. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:219-26. [PMID: 18336590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized in the presentation of antigens and the initiation of specific immune responses. They have been involved recently in supporting innate immunity by interacting with various innate lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK), NK T or T cell receptor (TCR)-gammadelta cells. The functional links between innate lymphocytes and DC have been investigated widely and different studies demonstrated that reciprocal activations follow on from NK/DC interactions. The cross-talk between innate cells and DC which leads to innate lymphocyte activation and DC maturation was found to be multi-directional, involving not only cell-cell contacts but also soluble factors. The final outcome of these cellular interactions may have a dramatic impact on the quality and strength of the down-stream immune responses, mainly in the context of early responses to tumour cells and infectious agents. Interestingly, DC, NK and TCR-gammadelta cells also share similar functions, such as antigen uptake and presentation, as well as cytotoxic and tumoricidal activity. In addition, NK and NK T cells have the ability to kill DC. This review will focus upon the different aspects of the cross-talk between DC and innate lymphocytes and its key role in all the steps of the immune response. These cellular interactions may be particularly critical in situations where immune surveillance requires efficient early innate responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reschner
- Department of Pathology, GIGA-GAMCA/I3, B35, University of Liege, CHU of Liège, B4000 Liege, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Killer dendritic cells: mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications for cancer. Cell Death Differ 2007; 15:51-7. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|