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Tembhurne AK, Maheshwari A, Warke H, Chaudhari H, Kerkar SC, Deodhar K, Rekhi B, Mania-Pramanik J. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene contents: Are they associated with cervical cancer? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e27873. [PMID: 35593263 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are required for natural killer cell function against virus-infected cells or tumor cells. KIR gene content polymorphisms in Indian women with cervical cancer (CaCx) remain unexplored. Hence, we analyzed the frequencies of KIR genes, KIR haplotypes, and Bx subsets to draw their association with CaCx. The polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer method was used for KIR genotyping in three groups of women: healthy controls (n = 114), women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (n = 70), and women with CaCx (n = 120). The results showed that the frequency of KIR2DS5 was significantly higher in women with CaCx compared to women with HPV infection (p = 0.02) and healthy controls (p = 0.01). Whereas the frequency of KIR2DL5B was significantly higher in healthy controls than in women with HPV infection (p = 0.02). The total number of activating KIR genes was higher in women with CaCx than in healthy controls (p = 0.006), indicating their positive association with CaCx. Moreover, the C4T4 subset was higher in women with CaCx than in women with HPV infection, though not significant. In conclusion, our findings highlight KIR2DS5, the C4T4 subset, and activating KIR genes are susceptible factors or positively associated with CaCx. Besides KIR2DL5B, this study also reported for the first time significantly high frequency of KIR2DL1 in healthy controls, indicating its possible protective association against CaCx. Further, significantly high frequency of KIR2DL3 observed in HPV-infected women might be also a promising biomarker for viral infections. Thus, the study confirms the association of KIR genes with cervical cancer in women with HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K Tembhurne
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Himangi Warke
- Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemangi Chaudhari
- Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpa C Kerkar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Pahl JHW, Koch J, Götz JJ, Arnold A, Reusch U, Gantke T, Rajkovic E, Treder M, Cerwenka A. CD16A Activation of NK Cells Promotes NK Cell Proliferation and Memory-Like Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2018. [PMID: 29514797 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD16A is a potent cytotoxicity receptor on human natural killer (NK) cells, which can be exploited by therapeutic bispecific antibodies. So far, the effects of CD16A-mediated activation on NK cell effector functions beyond classical antibody-dependent cytotoxicity have remained poorly elucidated. Here, we investigated NK cell responses after exposure to therapeutic antibodies such as the tetravalent bispecific antibody AFM13 (CD30/CD16A), designed for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and other CD30+ lymphomas. Our results reveal that CD16A engagement enhanced subsequent IL2- and IL15-driven NK cell proliferation and expansion. This effect involved the upregulation of CD25 (IL2Rα) and CD132 (γc) on NK cells, resulting in increased sensitivity to low-dose IL2 or to IL15. CD16A engagement initially induced NK cell cytotoxicity. The lower NK cell reactivity observed 1 day after CD16A engagement could be recovered by reculture in IL2 or IL15. After reculture in IL2 or IL15, these CD16A-experienced NK cells exerted more vigorous IFNγ production upon restimulation with tumor cells or cytokines. Importantly, after reculture, CD16A-experienced NK cells also exerted increased cytotoxicity toward different tumor targets, mainly through the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D. Our findings uncover a role for CD16A engagement in priming NK cell responses to restimulation by cytokines and tumor cells, indicative of a memory-like functionality. Our study suggests that combination of AFM13 with IL2 or IL15 may boost NK cell antitumor activity in patients by expanding tumor-reactive NK cells and enhancing NK cell reactivity, even upon repeated tumor encounters. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 517-27. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H W Pahl
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Jana-Julia Götz
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Arnold
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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3
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Lajoie L, Congy-Jolivet N, Bolzec A, Thibault G. Gradual Increase of FcγRIIIa/CD16a Expression and Shift toward IFN-γ Secretion during Differentiation of CD56 dim Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1556. [PMID: 29209315 PMCID: PMC5701929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell effector functions include cytotoxicity and secretion of cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The immature CD56bright subset of human NK cells lacks expression of FcγRIIIa/CD16a, one of the low-affinity immunoglobulin G receptors, or exhibits low-density expression (CD56brightCD16-/dim) and produces IFN-γ in response to cytokine stimulation, whereas the mature CD56dimCD16+ subset is the most cytotoxic one. A further differentiation/maturation of the latter subset according to the gradual loss of NKG2A and/or gain of KIR2DL (CD158a and CD158b) has been demonstrated and the ability to produce IFN-γ in response to activating receptor (AR) co-engagement is gradually acquired during terminal differentiation. In the course of flow cytometry analysis of CD56dim NK cells, we noted a substantial intraindividual heterogeneity of expression of FcγRIIIa. FcγRIIIa is unique among ARs: it does not require the co-engagement of other ARs to induce substantial cytotoxicity or cytokine synthesis in CD56dim cells. We, therefore, investigated whether individual differentiation/maturation of polyclonal CD56dim NK cells defined by expression of NKG2A/KIR2DL is related to FcγRIIIa expression and to the heterogeneity of NK cell responses upon FcγRIIIa engagement. When we analyzed unstimulated CD56dim cells by increasing level of FcγRIIIa expression, we found that the proportion of the more differentiated CD158a,h+ and/or CD158b,j+ cells and that of the less differentiated NKG2A+ cells gradually increased and decreased, respectively. FcγRIIIa engagement by using plate-bound murine anti-CD16 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or rituximab or trastuzumab (two therapeutic mAbs), resulted in donor-dependent partial segregation of IFN-γ-producing and/or degranulating CD56dim cells. Importantly, the proportion of CD158a,h/b,j+ cells and that of NKG2A+ cells was increased and decreased, respectively, IFN-γ-producing cells, whereas these proportions were poorly modified in degranulating cells. Similar results were observed after engagement of ARs by a combination of mAbs targeting NKG2D, NKp30, NKp46, and 2B4. Thus, the gradual increase of FcγRIIIa expression is an important feature of the differentiation/maturation of CD56dim cells and this differentiation/maturation is associated with a shift in functionality toward IFN-γ secretion observed upon both FcγRIIIa-dependent and FcγRIIIa-independent stimulation. The functional heterogeneity related to the differentiation/maturation of CD56dim NK cells could be involved in the variability of the clinical responses observed in patients treated with therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Lajoie
- CNRS UMR 7292, Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer (GICC), Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Congy-Jolivet
- CNRS UMR 7292, Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer (GICC), Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Armelle Bolzec
- CNRS UMR 7292, Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer (GICC), Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Thibault
- CNRS UMR 7292, Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer (GICC), Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
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Xie S, Chen J, Zhang M, Wu Z. Allogenic natural killer cell immunotherapy of sizeable ovarian cancer: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:903-906. [PMID: 28588787 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Masses are often detected in the abdomen of patients with sizeable ovarian cancer. There are currently no effective treatments available for late-stage ovarian cancer. Immunotherapy is gaining increasing attention worldwide in the clinical setting due to its ability to eliminate tumor cells and its favorable toxicity profile. We herein report the case of a 60-year-old woman who received allogenic natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy for a sizeable ovarian carcinoma and achieved a noteworthy response. NK cells were isolated from the donor's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the cell numbers were increased to 8-10 billion [corrected]. The activated cells were expanded ex vivo for 14 days prior to intravenous infusion. After six infusions of NK cell therapy >3 months, the level of carbohydrate antigen 125 decreased significantly (from 11,270 to 580 U/ml). Furthermore, the size of the masses in the abdomen was markedly reduced. Overall, the treatment had few adverse effects and it prolonged patient survival. The present data and the patient response suggest that allogenic NK cell immunotherapy is a promising approach for ovarian cancer, with few treatment-related adverse effects. The patient received six intravenous infusions of allogenic HANK cells between March, 2015 and June, 2015, but discontinued in October, 2015 and succumbed to the disease in March, 2016 following relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silun Xie
- Shenzhen Hank Bioengineering Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, P.R. China
| | - Jibing Chen
- Cancer Institute of Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510665, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiie Zhang
- Shenzhen Hank Bioengineering Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyi Wu
- Shenzhen Hank Bioengineering Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, P.R. China
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5
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Le NPL, Bowden TA, Struwe WB, Crispin M. Immune recruitment or suppression by glycan engineering of endogenous and therapeutic antibodies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1860:1655-68. [PMID: 27105835 PMCID: PMC4922387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human serum IgG contains multiple glycoforms which exhibit a range of binding properties to effector molecules such as cellular Fc receptors. Emerging knowledge of how the Fc glycans contribute to the antibody structure and effector functions has opened new avenues for the exploitation of defined antibody glycoforms in the treatment of diseases. Here, we review the structure and activity of antibody glycoforms and highlight developments in antibody glycoengineering by both the manipulation of the cellular glycosylation machinery and by chemoenzymatic synthesis. We discuss wide ranging applications of antibody glycoengineering in the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity and inflammation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Phuong Lan Le
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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Mina MM, Cameron B, Luciani F, Vollmer-Conna U, Lloyd AR. Natural killer cells in highly exposed hepatitis C-seronegative injecting drug users. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:464-72. [PMID: 26833632 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Injecting drug use remains the major risk factor for hepatitis C (HCV) transmission. A minority of long-term injecting drug users remain seronegative and aviraemic, despite prolonged exposure to HCV - termed highly exposed seronegative subjects. Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in this apparent protection. A longitudinal nested, three group case-control series of subjects was selected from a prospective cohort of seronegative injecting drug users who became incident cases (n = 11), remained seronegative (n = 11) or reported transient high-risk behaviour and remained uninfected (n = 11). The groups were matched by age, sex and initial risk behaviour characteristics. Stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assayed in multicolour flow cytometry to enumerate natural killer cell subpopulations and to assess functional activity using Toll-like receptor ligands before measurement of activation, cytokine production and natural cytotoxicity receptor expression. Principal components were derived to describe the detailed phenotypic characteristics of the major NK subpopulations (based on CD56 and CD16 co-expression), before logistic regression analysis to identify associations with exposed, seronegative individuals. The CD56(dim) CD16(+) (P = 0.05, OR 6.92) and CD56(dim) CD16(-) (P = 0.05, OR 6.07) principal components differed between exposed, seronegative individuals and pre-infection samples of the other two groups. These included CD56(dim) CD16(+) and CD56(dim) CD16(-) subsets with CD56(dim) CD16(+) IFN-γ and TNF-α on unstimulated cells, and CD56(dim) CD16(-) CD69(+) , CD107a(+) , IFN-γ and TNF-α following TLR stimulation. The cytotoxic CD56(dim) NK subset thus distinguished highly exposed, seronegative subjects, suggesting NK cytotoxicity may contribute to protection from HCV acquisition. Further investigation of the determinants of this association and prospective assessment of protection against HCV infection are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mina
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Cameron
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Luciani
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - U Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A R Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Vyas M, Koehl U, Hallek M, von Strandmann EP. Natural ligands and antibody-based fusion proteins: harnessing the immune system against cancer. Trends Mol Med 2013; 20:72-82. [PMID: 24268686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The insight that the immune system is able to eradicate tumor cells inspired the development of targeted immunotherapies. These novel approaches aim to trigger immune molecules and receptors, including CD3 on T cells and NKG2D and NKp30 on natural killer (NK) cells, to harness the immune system against cancer. In cancer patients, overcoming immune suppression induced by malignant cells or by the tumor microenvironment remains the major challenge to the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies. Recombinant constructs have been developed in various formats either utilizing natural ligands (immunoligands) or antibody-derived components (immunoconstructs) to circumvent mechanisms that counteract an effective antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik Vyas
- University of Cologne, Clinic 1 for Internal Medicine, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- University of Cologne, Clinic 1 for Internal Medicine, 50924 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Koehn TA, Trimble LL, Alderson KL, Erbe AK, McDowell KA, Grzywacz B, Hank JA, Sondel PM. Increasing the clinical efficacy of NK and antibody-mediated cancer immunotherapy: potential predictors of successful clinical outcome based on observations in high-risk neuroblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:91. [PMID: 22623917 PMCID: PMC3353262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease recurrence is frequent in high-risk neuroblastoma (NBL) patients even after multi-modality aggressive treatment [a combination of chemotherapy, surgical resection, local radiation therapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, and cis-retinoic acid (CRA)]. Recent clinical studies have explored the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to disialoganglioside (GD2), highly expressed in NBL, as a means to enable immune effector cells to destroy NBL cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Preclinical data indicate that ADCC can be more effective when appropriate effector cells are activated by cytokines. Clinical studies have pursued this by administering anti-GD2 mAb in combination with ADCC-enhancing cytokines (IL2 and GM-CSF), a regimen that has demonstrated improved cancer-free survival. More recently, early clinical studies have used a fusion protein that consists of the anti-GD2 mAb directly linked to IL2, and anti-tumor responses were seen in the Phase II setting. Analyses of genes that code for receptors that influence ADCC activity and natural killer (NK) cell function [Fc receptor (FcR), killer immunoglublin-like receptor (KIR), and KIR-ligand (KIR-L)] suggest patients with anti-tumor activity are more likely to have certain genotype profiles. Further analyses will need to be conducted to determine whether these genotypes can be used as predictive markers for favorable therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss factors that affect response to mAb-based tumor therapies such as hu14.18-IL2. Many of our observations have been made in the context of NBL; however, we will also include some observations made with mAbs targeting other tumor types that are consistent with results in NBL. Therefore, we hypothesize that the NBL observations discussed here may also be relevant to mAb therapy for other cancers, in which ADCC is known to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony A Koehn
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison Madison, WI, USA
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9
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König S, Nimtz M, Scheiter M, Ljunggren HG, Bryceson YT, Jänsch L. Kinome analysis of receptor-induced phosphorylation in human natural killer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29672. [PMID: 22238634 PMCID: PMC3251586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the defense against infected and transformed cells through the engagement of multiple germline-encoded activation receptors. Stimulation of the Fc receptor CD16 alone is sufficient for NK cell activation, whereas other receptors, such as 2B4 (CD244) and DNAM-1 (CD226), act synergistically. After receptor engagement, protein kinases play a major role in signaling networks controlling NK cell effector functions. However, it has not been characterized systematically which of all kinases encoded by the human genome (kinome) are involved in NK cell activation. RESULTS A kinase-selective phosphoproteome approach enabled the determination of 188 kinases expressed in human NK cells. Crosslinking of CD16 as well as 2B4 and DNAM-1 revealed a total of 313 distinct kinase phosphorylation sites on 109 different kinases. Phosphorylation sites on 21 kinases were similarly regulated after engagement of either CD16 or co-engagement of 2B4 and DNAM-1. Among those, increased phosphorylation of FYN, KCC2G (CAMK2), FES, and AAK1, as well as the reduced phosphorylation of MARK2, were reproducibly observed both after engagement of CD16 and co-engagement of 2B4 and DNAM-1. Notably, only one phosphorylation on PAK4 was differentally regulated. CONCLUSIONS The present study has identified a significant portion of the NK cell kinome and defined novel phosphorylation sites in primary lymphocytes. Regulated phosphorylations observed in the early phase of NK cell activation imply these kinases are involved in NK cell signaling. Taken together, this study suggests a largely shared signaling pathway downstream of distinct activation receptors and constitutes a valuable resource for further elucidating the regulation of NK cell effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian König
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maxi Scheiter
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yenan T. Bryceson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells down-regulate NK-cell cytolytic machinery. Blood 2011; 118:3254-62. [PMID: 21803852 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-325324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major issue in immunosuppressive biotherapy is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that harbor regulatory capacity. However, currently used bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) are short-lived and cannot assure long lasting immunoregulatory function both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, we have generated MSCs from human induced pluripotent stem (IPS-MSCs) cells that share similar properties with embryonic stem cells (ES-MSCs). Herein, we compared the immunoregulatory properties of ES/IPS-MSCs with those of BM-MSCs and showed, for the first time, that IPS-derived MSCs display remarkable inhibition of NK-cell proliferation and cytolytic function in a similar way to ES-MSCs. Both MSCs disrupt NK-cell cytolytic machinery in the same fashion that BM-MSCs, by down-regulating the expression of different activation markers and ERK1/2 signaling, leading to an impairment to form immunologic synapses with target cells and, therefore, secretion of cytotoxic granules. In addition, they are more resistant than adult BM-MSCs to preactivated NK cells. IPS-MSCs could represent an attractive alternative source of immunoregulatory cells, and their capacity to impair NK-cell cytotoxicity constitutes a complex mechanism to prevent allograft rejection.
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Boltz A, Piater B, Toleikis L, Guenther R, Kolmar H, Hock B. Bi-specific aptamers mediating tumor cell lysis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21896-905. [PMID: 21531729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.238261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity plays a pivotal role in antibody-based tumor therapies and is based on the recruitment of natural killer cells to antibody-bound tumor cells via binding of the Fcγ receptor III (CD16). Here we describe the generation of chimeric DNA aptamers that simultaneously bind to CD16α and c-Met, a receptor that is overexpressed in many tumors. By application of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method, CD16α specific DNA aptamers were isolated that bound with high specificity and affinity (91 pm-195 nm) to their respective recombinant and cellularly expressed target proteins. Two optimized CD16α specific aptamers were coupled to each of two c-Met specific aptamers using different linkers. Bi-specific aptamers retained suitable binding properties and displayed simultaneous binding to both antigens. Moreover, they mediated cellular cytotoxicity dependent on aptamer and effector cell concentration. Displacement of a bi-specific aptamer from CD16α by competing antibody 3G8 reduced cytotoxicity and confirmed the proposed mode of action. These results represent the first gain of a tumor-effective function of two distinct oligonucleotides by linkage into a bi-specific aptamer mediating cellular cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Boltz
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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12
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Textor S, Accardi R, Havlova T, Hussain I, Sylla BS, Gissmann L, Cerwenka A. NF-κ B-dependent upregulation of ICAM-1 by HPV16-E6/E7 facilitates NK cell/target cell interaction. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1104-13. [PMID: 20473930 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NK cell recognition of tumor cells is mediated by a delicate balance of signals received by MHC class I-binding inhibitory NK cell receptors and activating NK cell receptors, which mainly bind to virus-, stress- or tumor-induced ligands. In addition, adhesion molecules such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its receptors, the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and Mac-1, are crucial for immune synapse formation and NK cell-mediated killing. In this study, we show that expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was rapidly induced by E6 and -E7 oncoproteins of HPV16, -18, -5 and -8, but not of HPV38 and -6 in primary human keratinocytes after retroviral transduction. ICAM-1 was upregulated in E6E7-expressing keratinocytes both at mRNA and protein levels. The observed ICAM-1 upregulation in HPV16-E6E7-expressing keratinocytes was partially dependent on activation of the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, the upregulated ICAM-1 expression in HPV16-E6E7-expressing keratinocytes led to enhanced conjugate formation with NK cells. We previously showed that HPV16-positive cervical carcinomas frequently express low levels of inhibitory NK cell ligands and high levels of activating NK cell ligands. Moreover, levels of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 are enhanced by HPV16-E6/E7. Therefore, strategies that aim at harnessing NK cells might be beneficial for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Textor
- German Cancer Research Center, Research Group Innate Immunity, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lichtfuss GF, Meehan AC, Cheng WJ, Cameron PU, Lewin SR, Crowe SM, Jaworowski A. HIV inhibits early signal transduction events triggered by CD16 cross-linking on NK cells, which are important for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:149-58. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0610371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Differential activation of NK cells by influenza A pseudotype H5N1 and 1918 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses. J Virol 2010; 84:7822-31. [PMID: 20484512 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00069-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the effectors of innate immunity and are recruited into the lung 48 h after influenza virus infection. Functional NK cell activation can be triggered by the interaction between viral hemagglutinin (HA) and natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp46 and NKp44 on the cell surface. Recently, novel subtypes of influenza viruses, such as H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1, transmitted directly to the human population, with unusual mortality and morbidity rates. Here, the human NK cell responses to these viruses were studied. Differential activation of heterogeneous NK cells (upregulation of CD69 and CD107a and gamma interferon [IFN-gamma] production as well as downregulation of NKp46) was observed following interactions with H5N1, 1918 H1N1, and 2009 H1N1 pseudotyped particles (pps), respectively, and the responses of the CD56(dim) subset predominated. Much stronger NK activation was triggered by H5N1 and 1918 H1N1 pps than by 2009 H1N1 pps. The interaction of pps with NK cells and subsequent internalization were mediated by NKp46 partially. The NK cell activation by pps showed a dosage-dependent manner, while an increasing viral HA titer attenuated NK activation phenotypes, cytotoxicity, and IFN-gamma production. The various host innate immune responses to different influenza virus subtypes or HA titers may be associated with disease severity.
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Raemer PC, Kohl K, Watzl C. Statins inhibit NK‐cell cytotoxicity by interfering with LFA‐1‐mediated conjugate formation. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1456-65. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is crucial for immunity against intracellular pathogens and for tumor control. However, aberrant IFN-gamma expression has been associated with a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This cytokine is produced predominantly by natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells as part of the innate immune response, and by Th1 CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops. Herein, we briefly review the functions of IFN-gamma, the cells that produce it, the cell extrinsic signals that induce its production and influence the differentiation of naïve T cells into IFN-gamma-producing effector T cells, and the signaling pathways and transcription factors that facilitate, induce, or repress production of this cytokine. We then review and discuss recent insights regarding the molecular regulation of IFN-gamma, focusing on work that has led to the identification and characterization of distal regulatory elements and epigenetic modifications with the IFN-gamma locus (Ifng) that govern its expression. The epigenetic modifications and three-dimensional structure of the Ifng locus in naive CD4 T cells, and the modifications they undergo as these cells differentiate into effector T cells, suggest a model whereby the chromatin architecture of Ifng is poised to facilitate either rapid opening or silencing during Th1 or Th2 differentiation, respectively.
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Feng M. Human leukocyte antigen–G1 inhibits natural killer cytotoxicity through blocking the activating signal transduction pathway and formation of activating immunologic synapse. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bryceson YT, March ME, Ljunggren HG, Long EO. Activation, coactivation, and costimulation of resting human natural killer cells. Immunol Rev 2006; 214:73-91. [PMID: 17100877 PMCID: PMC3845883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2006.00457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells possess potent perforin- and interferon-gamma-dependent effector functions that are tightly regulated. Inhibitory receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I display variegated expression among NK cells, which confers specificity to individual NK cells. Specificity is also provided by engagement of an array of NK cell activation receptors. Target cells may express ligands for a multitude of activation receptors, many of which signal through different pathways. How inhibitory receptors intersect different signaling cascades is not fully understood. This review focuses on advances in understanding how activation receptors cooperate to induce cytotoxicity in resting NK cells. The role of activating receptors in determining specificity and providing redundancy of target cell recognition is discussed. Using Drosophila insect cells as targets, we have examined the contribution of individual receptors. Interestingly, the strength of activation is not determined simply by additive effects of parallel activation pathways. Combinations of signals from different receptors can have different outcomes: synergy, no enhancement over individual signals, or additive effects. Cytotoxicity requires combined signals for granule polarization and degranulation. The integrin leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 contributes a signal for polarization but not for degranulation. Conversely, CD16 alone or in synergistic combinations, such as NKG2D and 2B4, signals for phospholipase-C-gamma- and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan T Bryceson
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Johansson MH, Taylor MA, Jagodic M, Tus K, Schatzle JD, Wakeland EK, Bennett M. Mapping of quantitative trait loci determining NK cell-mediated resistance to MHC class I-deficient bone marrow grafts in perforin-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:7923-9. [PMID: 17114464 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NK cells reject allogeneic and MHC class I-deficient bone marrow (BM) grafts in vivo. The mechanisms used by NK cells to mediate this rejection are not yet thoroughly characterized. Although perforin plays a major role, perforin-independent mechanisms are involved as well. C57BL/6 mice deficient in perforin (B6 perforin knockout (PKO)) reject class I-deficient TAP-1 KO BM cells as efficiently as normal B6 mice. In contrast, perforin-deficient 129S6/SvEvTac mice (129 PKO) cannot mediate this rejection while normal 129 mice efficiently reject. This suggests that in 129, but not in B6, mice, perforin is crucial for NK cell-mediated rejection of MHC class I-deficient BM grafts. To identify loci linked to BM rejection in perforin-deficient mice, we generated backcross 1 progeny by crossing (129 x B6)F(1) PKO mice to 129 PKO mice. In transplantation experiments, >350 backcross 1 progeny were analyzed and displayed a great variation in ability to reject TAP-1 KO BM grafts. PCR-based microsatellite mapping identified four quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2, 4, and 8, with the QTL on chromosome 8 showing the highest significance, as well as a fifth epistatic QTL on chromosome 3. This study describes the first important step toward identifying BM graft resistance gene(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Johansson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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20
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LaBonte ML, McKay PF, Letvin NL. Evidence of NK cell dysfunction in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys: impairment of cytokine secretion and NKG2C/C2 expression. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:2424-33. [PMID: 16906533 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200635901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the adaptive immune response have been extensively characterized in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals; however, much less is known about the function of natural killer (NK) cells during the course of HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the NK cells from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys are significantly impaired in their ability to secrete IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2, while NK cell function in SIV-infected long-term non-progressor monkeys is similar to that of normal monkeys. These findings suggest that abnormal NK cell activity may contribute to the global immune dysfunction observed in HIV-1-infected individuals. NK cell function is modulated by several families of cell surface receptors, including the CD94/NKG2 family. We evaluated the messenger RNA levels of these inhibitory and activating NKG2 molecules in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. These experiments demonstrate that the activating molecules NKG2C and NKG2C2 are significantly down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys, suggesting that the dysregulation of these molecules may contribute to the abnormal NK cell function observed in the setting of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L LaBonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State College, Bridgewater, USA
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Korbel DS, Newman KC, Almeida CR, Davis DM, Riley EM. Heterogeneous Human NK Cell Responses toPlasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:7466-73. [PMID: 16301654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human NK cells can respond rapidly to Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBC (iRBC) to produce IFN-gamma. In this study, we have examined the heterogeneity of this response among malaria-naive blood donors. Cells from all donors become partially activated (up-regulating CD69, perforin, and granzyme) upon exposure to iRBC but cells from only a subset of donors become fully activated (additionally up-regulating CD25, IFN-gamma, and surface expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1)). Although both CD56dim and CD56bright NK cell populations can express IFN-gamma in response to iRBC, CD25 and LAMP-1 are up-regulated only by CD56dim NK cells and CD69 is up-regulated to a greater extent in this subset; by contrast, perforin and granzyme A are preferentially up-regulated by CD56bright NK cells. NK cells expressing IFN-gamma in response to iRBC always coexpress CD69 and CD25 but rarely LAMP-1, suggesting that individual NK cells respond to iRBC either by IFN-gamma production or cytotoxicity. Furthermore, physical contact with iRBC can, in a proportion of donors, lead to NK cell cytoskeletal reorganization suggestive of functional interactions between the cells. These observations imply that individuals may vary in their ability to mount an innate immune response to malaria infection with obvious implications for disease resistance or susceptibility.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Blood Donors
- CD5 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Erythrocytes/microbiology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/microbiology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1/biosynthesis
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Perforin
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Korbel
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Maghazachi AA. Insights into seven and single transmembrane-spanning domain receptors and their signaling pathways in human natural killer cells. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57:339-57. [PMID: 16109839 DOI: 10.1124/pr.57.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are important cells of the innate immune system. These cells perform two prominent functions: the first is recognizing and destroying virally infected cells and transformed cells; the second is secreting various cytokines that shape up the innate and adaptive immune re-sponses. For these cells to perform these activities, they express different sets of receptors. The receptors used by NK cells to extravasate into sites of injury belong to the seven transmembrane (7TM) family of receptors, which characteristically bind heterotrimeric G proteins. These receptors allow NK cells to sense the chemotactic gradients and activate second messengers, which aid NK cells in polarizing and migrating toward the sites of injured tissues. In addition, these receptors determine how and why human resting NK cells are mainly found in the bloodstream, whereas activated NK cells extravasate into inflammatory sites. Receptors for chemokines and lysophospholipids belong to the 7TM family. On the other hand, NK cells recognize invading or transformed cells through another set of receptors that belong to the single transmembrane-spanning domain family. These receptors are either inhibitory or activating. Inhibitory receptors contain the immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, and activating receptors belong to either those that associate with adaptor molecules containing the immune receptor tyrosine-based activating motif (ITAM) or those that associate with adaptor molecules containing motifs other than ITAM. This article will describe the nature of these receptors and examine the intracellular signaling pathways induced in NK cells after ligating both types of receptors. These pathways are crucial for NK cell biology, development, and functions.
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