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Zhong S(J, Liu X, Kaneko T, Feng Y, Hovey O, Yang K, Ezra S, Ha SD, Kim S, McCormick JK, Liu H, Li SSC. Peptide Blockers of PD-1-PD-L1 Interaction Reinvigorate PD-1-Suppressed T Cells and Curb Tumor Growth in Mice. Cells 2024; 13:1193. [PMID: 39056775 PMCID: PMC11274521 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) plays a critical role in cancer immune evasion. Blocking the PD-1-PD-L1 interaction by monoclonal antibodies has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in treating certain types of cancer. However, antibodies are costly to produce, and antibody-based therapies can cause immune-related adverse events. To address the limitations associated with current PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy, we aimed to develop peptide-based inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction as an alternative means to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade antibodies for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Through the functional screening of peptide arrays encompassing the ectodomains of PD-1 and PD-L1, followed by the optimization of the hit peptides for solubility and stability, we have identified a 16-mer peptide, named mL7N, with a remarkable efficacy in blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction both in vitro and in vivo. The mL7N peptide effectively rejuvenated PD-1-suppressed T cells in multiple cellular systems designed to recapitulate the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in the context of T-cell receptor signaling. Furthermore, PA-mL7N, a chimera of the mL7N peptide coupled to albumin-binding palmitic acid (PA), significantly promoted breast cancer cell killing by peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo and significantly curbed tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. Our work raises the prospect that mL7N may serve as a prototype for the development of a new line of peptide-based immunomodulators targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint with potential applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan (Jenny) Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Tomonori Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Owen Hovey
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Kyle Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Sally Ezra
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Soon-Duck Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.-D.H.); (S.K.); (J.K.M.)
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.-D.H.); (S.K.); (J.K.M.)
| | - John K. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.-D.H.); (S.K.); (J.K.M.)
| | - Huadong Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation University, 369 Dengyun Rd, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Shawn Shun-Cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (Y.F.); (O.H.); (K.Y.); (S.E.)
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Sutton MN, Glazer SE, Muzzioli R, Yang P, Gammon ST, Piwnica-Worms D. Dimerization of the 4Ig isoform of B7-H3 in tumor cells mediates enhanced proliferation and tumorigenic signaling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:21. [PMID: 38182652 PMCID: PMC10770396 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
B7-H3 (CD276) has two isoforms (2Ig and 4Ig), no confirmed cognate receptor, and physiological functions that remain elusive. While differentially expressed on many solid tumors correlating with poor survival, mechanisms of how B7-H3 signals in cis (tumor cell) versus in trans (immune cell co-regulator) to elicit pro-tumorigenic phenotypes remain poorly defined. Herein, we characterized a tumorigenic and signaling role for tumor cell-expressed 4Ig-B7-H3, the dominant human isoform, in gynecological cancers that could be abrogated upon CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of B7-H3; tumorigenesis was rescued upon re-expression of 4Ig-B7-H3. Size exclusion chromatography revealed dimerization states for the extracellular domains of both human 4Ig- and murine 2Ig-B7-H3. mEGFP lifetimes of expressed 4Ig-B7-H3-mEGFP fusions determined by FRET-FLIM assays confirmed close-proximity interactions of 4Ig-B7-H3 and identified two distinct homo-FRET lifetime populations, consistent with monomeric and homo-dimer interactions. In live cells, bioluminescence imaging of 4Ig-B7-H3-mediated split luciferase complementation showed dimerization of 4Ig-B7-H3. To separate basal from dimer state activities in the absence of a known receptor, C-terminus (cytosolic) chemically-induced dimerization of 4Ig-B7-H3 increased tumor cell proliferation and cell activation signaling pathways (AKT, Jak/STAT, HIF1α, NF-κβ) significantly above basal expression of 4Ig-B7-H3 alone. These results revealed a new, dimerization-dependent intrinsic tumorigenic signaling role for 4Ig-B7-H3, likely acting in cis, and provide a therapeutically-actionable target for intervention of B7-H3-dependent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie N Sutton
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sarah E Glazer
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Riccardo Muzzioli
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Seth T Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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3
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Iida T, Hamatani S, Takagi Y, Fujiwara K, Tamura M, Tokonami S. Attogram-level light-induced antigen-antibody binding confined in microflow. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1053. [PMID: 36203087 PMCID: PMC9537419 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of trace amounts of proteins based on immunoassays and other methods is essential for the early diagnosis of various diseases such as cancer, dementia, and microbial infections. Here, we propose a light-induced acceleration of antigen-antibody reaction of attogram-level proteins at the solid-liquid interface by tuning the laser irradiation area comparable to the microscale confinement geometry for enhancing the collisional probability of target molecules and probe particles with optical force and fluidic pressure. This principle was applied to achieve a 102-fold higher sensitivity and ultrafast specific detection in comparison with conventional protein detection methods (a few hours) by omitting any pretreatment procedures; 47-750 ag of target proteins were detected in 300 nL of sample after 3 minutes of laser irradiation. Our findings can promote the development of proteomics and innovative platforms for high-throughput bio-analyses under the control of a variety of biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iida
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
| | - Shota Hamatani
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takagi
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Kana Fujiwara
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tamura
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shiho Tokonami
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
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Hong MMY, Maleki Vareki S. Addressing the Elephant in the Immunotherapy Room: Effector T-Cell Priming versus Depletion of Regulatory T-Cells by Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1580. [PMID: 35326731 PMCID: PMC8946681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule highly expressed on regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that can inhibit the activation of effector T-cells. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy can confer long-lasting clinical benefits in cancer patients as a single agent or in combination with other immunotherapy agents. However, patient response rates to anti-CTLA-4 are relatively low, and a high percentage of patients experience severe immune-related adverse events. Clinical use of anti-CTLA-4 has regained interest in recent years; however, the mechanism(s) of anti-CTLA-4 is not well understood. Although activating T-cells is regarded as the primary anti-tumor mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 therapies, mounting evidence in the literature suggests targeting intra-tumoral Tregs as the primary mechanism of action of these agents. Tregs in the tumor microenvironment can suppress the host anti-tumor immune responses through several cell contact-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy can enhance the priming of T-cells by blockading CD80/86-CTLA-4 interactions or depleting Tregs through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. This review will discuss proposed fundamental mechanisms of anti-CTLA-4 therapy, novel uses of anti-CTLA-4 in cancer treatment and approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Y Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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5
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Mathur R, Sharma L, Dhabhai B, Menon AM, Sharma A, Sharma NK, Dakal TC. Predicting the functional consequences of genetic variants in co-stimulatory ligand B7-1 using in-silico approaches. Hum Immunol 2020; 82:103-120. [PMID: 33358455 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify and characterize deleterious genetic variants in the co-stimulatory ligand B7-1, also known as the human cluster of differentiation CD80 marker. The B7-1 ligand and the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules are the main determinants that provide B-cells the required competency to act as antigen presenting cells. For this, participation of both MHC class II molecules and CD80 is required. The interaction of the CD80 ligand with CD28 on the surface 7 of TH cells plays a key role in the activation of TH cells and progression of B cells through the S phase, hence, leading to their proliferation in mitosis. A set of 2313 genetic variants in the B7-1 ligand have been mapped and retrieved from dbSNP database. Subsequently, 150 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were mapped and subjected to the sequence and structural homology based predictions, which were further analyzed for protein stability and the disease phenotypes. Finally, we identified 7 potentially damaging nsSNPs in the B7-1 ligand that may affect its interaction with the cognitive receptor CD28, hence, may also interfere with TH cell activation and B cell proliferation. We propose that subsequent experimental analyses (stability, expression and interactions) on these proteins can provide a deep understanding about the effect of these variants on the structure and function of CD80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mathur
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Loveena Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhanupriya Dhabhai
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Athira M Menon
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Raj., India
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India; Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India.
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6
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Krupa P, Spodzieja M, Sieradzan AK. Prediction of CD28-CD86 protein complex structure using different level of resolution approach. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 103:107802. [PMID: 33246194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune system plays essential role in functioning of higher organisms. Its hyperactivity can lead to autoimmune diseases or even anaphylactic shock while hypoactivity leads to proneness to infections or even cancer. T-cells play crucial role in immunity mechanisms and their activation and inhibition is strictly controlled by the regulatory proteins, such as CD28 and CTLA-4. Activity of these proteins is controlled by a pair of ligands, named CD80 and CD86, which can non-covalently bound to their receptors. While structure of human CTLA-4-CD86 complex in known, there is still no available structure for the CD28-CD86 system. To obtain the reliable structure of CD28-CD86 complex we first validated our methodology on the CTLA-4-CD86 system. Then coarse-grained UNRES-dock molecular docking simulation was performed followed by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. As a result, we obtained a complete CD28-CD86 complex structure on atomistic level, in which interaction interface is consistent with available data. We also determined the kinetic properties for CTLA4-CD86 and CD28-CD86 complexes with use of coarse-grained model and determined the key residues for complex formation with use of Robetta, PPCheck and HawkDock servers. Our results not only verify high accuracy of the UNRES-dock method, but also provide a highly reliable model of the CD28-CD86 complex, which can be used in further studies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krupa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam K Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Chen R, Ganesan A, Okoye I, Arutyunova E, Elahi S, Lemieux MJ, Barakat K. Targeting B7‐1 in immunotherapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:654-682. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Isobel Okoye
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Elena Arutyunova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of VirologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of VirologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton Alberta Canada
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8
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Kleinstern G, Yan H, Hildebrandt MAT, Vijai J, Berndt SI, Ghesquières H, McKay J, Wang SS, Nieters A, Ye Y, Monnereau A, Brooks-Wilson AR, Lan Q, Melbye M, Jackson RD, Teras LR, Purdue MP, Vajdic CM, Vermeulen RCH, Giles GG, Cocco PL, Birmann BM, Kraft P, Albanes D, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Crouch S, Zhang Y, Sarangi V, Asmann Y, Offit K, Salles G, Wu X, Smedby KE, Skibola CF, Slager SL, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Cerhan JR. Inherited variants at 3q13.33 and 3p24.1 are associated with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and implicate immune pathways. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:70-79. [PMID: 31600786 PMCID: PMC7001601 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at four susceptibility loci for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in individuals of European ancestry through a large genome-wide association study (GWAS). To further elucidate genetic susceptibility to DLBCL, we sought to validate two loci at 3q13.33 and 3p24.1 that were suggestive in the original GWAS with additional genotyping. In the meta-analysis (5662 cases and 9237 controls) of the four original GWAS discovery scans and three replication studies, the 3q13.33 locus (rs9831894; minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.40) was associated with DLBCL risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, P = 3.62 × 10-13]. rs9831894 is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with additional variants that are part of a super-enhancer that physically interacts with promoters of CD86 and ILDR1. In the meta-analysis (5510 cases and 12 817 controls) of the four GWAS discovery scans and four replication studies, the 3p24.1 locus (rs6773363; MAF = 0.45) was also associated with DLBCL risk (OR = 1.20, P = 2.31 × 10-12). This SNP is 29 426-bp upstream of the nearest gene EOMES and in LD with additional SNPs that are part of a highly lineage-specific and tumor-acquired super-enhancer that shows long-range interaction with AZI2 promoter. These loci provide additional evidence for the role of immune function in the etiology of DLBCL, the most common lymphoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Vijai
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sophia S Wang
- City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | | | - Qing Lan
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pier Luigi Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yawei Zhang
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xifeng Wu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Zhao Y, Lee CK, Lin CH, Gassen RB, Xu X, Huang Z, Xiao C, Bonorino C, Lu LF, Bui JD, Hui E. PD-L1:CD80 Cis-Heterodimer Triggers the Co-stimulatory Receptor CD28 While Repressing the Inhibitory PD-1 and CTLA-4 Pathways. Immunity 2019; 51:1059-1073.e9. [PMID: 31757674 PMCID: PMC6935268 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combined immunotherapy targeting the immune checkpoint receptors cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or CTLA-4 and the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) exhibits superior anti-tumor responses compared with single-agent therapy. Here, we examined the molecular basis for this synergy. Using reconstitution assays with fluorescence readouts, we found that PD-L1 and the CTLA-4 ligand CD80 heterodimerize in cis but not trans. Quantitative biochemistry and cell biology assays revealed that PD-L1:CD80 cis-heterodimerization inhibited both PD-L1:PD-1 and CD80:CTLA-4 interactions through distinct mechanisms but preserved the ability of CD80 to activate the T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) prevented CTLA-4-mediated trans-endocytosis of CD80. Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), but not anti-PD-1, reduced cell surface expression of CD80 on APCs, and this effect was negated by co-blockade of CTLA-4 with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4). Thus, PD-L1 exerts an immunostimulatory effect by repressing the CTLA-4 axis; this has implications to the synergy of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Department of Pathology, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rodrigo B Gassen
- Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Enfu Hui
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Abstract
Immune responses are controlled by the optimal balance between protective immunity and immune tolerance. T-cell receptor (TCR) signals are modulated by co-signaling molecules, which are divided into co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules. By expression at the appropriate time and location, co-signaling molecules positively and negatively control T-cell differentiation and function. For example, ligation of the CD28 on T cells provides a critical secondary signal along with TCR ligation for naive T-cell activation. In contrast, co-inhibitory signaling by the CD28-B7 family is important to regulate immune homeostasis and host defense, as these signals limit the strength and duration of immune responses to prevent autoimmunity. At the same time, microorganisms or tumor cells can use these pathways to establish an immunosuppressive environment to inhibit the immune responses against themselves. Understanding these co-inhibitory pathways will support the development of new immunotherapy for the treatment of tumors and autoimmune and infectious diseases. Here, we introduce diverse molecules belonging to the members of the CD28-B7 family.
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11
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The promise and challenges of immune agonist antibody development in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:509-527. [PMID: 29904196 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell functions are regulated by co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors. The first two generations of cancer immunotherapy agents consist primarily of antagonist antibodies that block negative immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4). Looking ahead, there is substantial promise in targeting co-stimulatory receptors with agonist antibodies, and a growing number of these agents are making their way through various stages of development. This Review discusses the key considerations and potential pitfalls of immune agonist antibody design and development, their differentiating features from antagonist antibodies and the landscape of agonist antibodies in clinical development for cancer treatment.
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12
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Bojadzic D, Buchwald P. Toward Small-Molecule Inhibition of Protein-Protein Interactions: General Aspects and Recent Progress in Targeting Costimulatory and Coinhibitory (Immune Checkpoint) Interactions. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:674-699. [PMID: 29848279 PMCID: PMC6067980 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180531092503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) that are part of the costimulatory and coinhibitory (immune checkpoint) signaling are critical for adequate T cell response and are important therapeutic targets for immunomodulation. Biologics targeting them have already achieved considerable clinical success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases or transplant recipients (e.g., abatacept, belatacept, and belimumab) as well as cancer (e.g., ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab). In view of such progress, there have been only relatively limited efforts toward developing small-molecule PPI inhibitors (SMPPIIs) targeting these cosignaling interactions, possibly because they, as all other PPIs, are difficult to target by small molecules and were not considered druggable. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been achieved during the last decade. SMPPIIs proving the feasibility of such approaches have been identified through various strategies for a number of cosignaling interactions including CD40-CD40L, OX40-OX40L, BAFFR-BAFF, CD80-CD28, and PD-1-PD-L1s. Here, after an overview of the general aspects and challenges of SMPPII-focused drug discovery, we review them briefly together with relevant structural, immune-signaling, physicochemical, and medicinal chemistry aspects. While so far only a few of these SMPPIIs have shown activity in animal models (DRI-C21045 for CD40-D40L, KR33426 for BAFFR-BAFF) or reached clinical development (RhuDex for CD80-CD28, CA-170 for PD-1-PD-L1), there is proof-of-principle evidence for the feasibility of such approaches in immunomodulation. They can result in products that are easier to develop/ manufacture and are less likely to be immunogenic or encounter postmarket safety events than corresponding biologics, and, contrary to them, can even become orally bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Bojadzic
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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13
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Hunsawong T, Wichit S, Phonpakobsin T, Poolpanichupatam Y, Klungthong C, Latthiwongsakorn N, Thaisomboonsuk B, Im-Erbsin R, Yoon IK, Ellison DW, Macareo LR, Srikiatkhachorn A, Gibbons RV, Fernandez S. Polytopic vaccination with a live-attenuated dengue vaccine enhances B-cell and T-cell activation, but not neutralizing antibodies. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00271. [PMID: 28393119 PMCID: PMC5367862 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, caused by dengue viruses (DENVs), is the most common arboviral disease of humans. Several dengue vaccine candidates are at different stages of clinical development and one has been licensed. Inoculation with live-attenuated DENV constructs is an approach that has been used by vaccine developers. Unfortunately, the simultaneous injection of all four attenuated DENV serotypes (DENV1-4) into a single injection site (monotopic vaccination) has been postulated to result in interference in the replication of some serotypes in favor of others, an important obstacle in obtaining a balanced immune response against all serotypes. Here, we demonstrate the virus replicative and immunostimulatory effects of polytopic monovalent dengue vaccination (PV) in which, each of the four components of the tetravalent vaccine is simultaneously delivered to four different sites versus the more traditional monotopic tetravalent vaccination (MV) in a non-human primate (NHP) model. With the exception of DENV-2, there was no significant difference in detectable viral RNA levels between PV and MV inoculation. Interestingly, longer periods of detection and higher viral RNA levels were seen in the lymph nodes of NHPs inoculated PV compared to MV. Induction of lymph node dendritic cell maturation and of blood T- and B-cell activation showed different kinetics in PV inoculated NHPs compared to MV. The MV inoculated group showed earlier maturation of dendritic cells and activation of B and T cells compared to PV inoculated NHPs. A similar kinetic difference was also observed in the cytokine response: MV induced earlier cytokine responses compared to PV. However, similar levels of DENV neutralizing antibodies were observed in PV and MV NHPs. These findings indicate that cellular immune response after vaccination may be affected by the location of inoculation. Design of vaccine delivery may need to take into account the effects of locations of vaccine delivery of multiples serotype live viral vaccine on the induction of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweewun Hunsawong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thipwipha Phonpakobsin
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Butsaya Thaisomboonsuk
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Im-Erbsin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Dengue Vaccine Initiative, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Damon W Ellison
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louis R Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Stefan Fernandez
- The United States Army Medical Materiel Development Activity, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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14
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Esensten JH, Helou YA, Chopra G, Weiss A, Bluestone JA. CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy. Immunity 2016; 44:973-88. [PMID: 27192564 PMCID: PMC4932896 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ligation of the CD28 receptor on T cells provides a critical second signal alongside T cell receptor (TCR) ligation for naive T cell activation. Here, we discuss the expression, structure, and biochemistry of CD28 and its ligands. CD28 signals play a key role in many T cell processes, including cytoskeletal remodeling, production of cytokines, survival, and differentiation. CD28 ligation leads to unique epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational changes in T cells that cannot be recapitulated by TCR ligation alone. We discuss the function of CD28 and its ligands in both effector and regulatory T cells. CD28 is critical for regulatory T cell survival and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. We outline the roles that CD28 and its family members play in human disease and we review the clinical efficacy of drugs that block CD28 ligands. Despite the centrality of CD28 and its family members and ligands to immune function, many aspects of CD28 biology remain unclear. Translation of a basic understanding of CD28 function into immunomodulatory therapeutics has been uneven, with both successes and failures. Such real-world results might stem from multiple factors, including complex receptor-ligand interactions among CD28 family members, differences between the mouse and human CD28 families, and cell-type specific roles of CD28 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Esensten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ynes A Helou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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