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Mertz P, Sparks J, Kobrin D, Ogbonnaya SA, Sevim E, Michet C, Arnaud L, Ferrada M. Relapsing polychondritis: Best Practice & Clinical Rheumatology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2023; 37:101867. [PMID: 37839908 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2023.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder that predominantly targets cartilaginous structures. The disease frequently affects the nose, ears, airways, and joints, but it can also impact organs that aren't primarily cartilage-based, such as blood vessels, skin, inner ear, and eyes. Given its infrequent occurrence and recurrent symptoms, patients often experience delays in proper diagnosis. Lately, based on the organs involved, the disease's diverse manifestations have been categorized into specific clinical groups, based on the most likely organ involvement including auricular, nasal, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal. More recently the discovery of a new disease, called (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) VEXAS syndrome, due to mutations in UBA1 gene, identified the cause of 8 % of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of RP. VEXAS is likely the cause of a previously described "hematologic subgroup" in RP. This discovery is proof of concept that RP is likely more than one disease (Beck et al., Dec 31 2020; Ferrada et al., 2021). People diagnosed with RP face numerous hurdles, with the quality of their lives and overall prognosis being affected. Diagnosing the condition is particularly challenging due to its fluctuating symptoms, the absence of specific markers, and the lack of universally recognized classification criteria. For a correct diagnosis, it's imperative for healthcare professionals to identify its unique clinical patterns. Moreover, there are no approved metrics to gauge the disease's severity, complicating patient management. This review seeks to equip clinicians with pertinent insights to better diagnose and attend to these complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Mertz
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence RESO-Lupus, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joshua Sparks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dale Kobrin
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Amara Ogbonnaya
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ecem Sevim
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clement Michet
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, USA
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence RESO-Lupus, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcela Ferrada
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wang JY, Zhang W, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MW, Roehrl MH. An Autoantigen Atlas From Human Lung HFL1 Cells Offers Clues to Neurological and Diverse Autoimmune Manifestations of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831849. [PMID: 35401574 PMCID: PMC8987778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is accompanied by a myriad of both transient and long-lasting autoimmune responses. Dermatan sulfate (DS), a glycosaminoglycan crucial for wound healing, has unique affinity for autoantigens (autoAgs) from apoptotic cells. DS-autoAg complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production. We used DS-affinity proteomics to define the autoantigen-ome of lung fibroblasts and bioinformatics analyses to study the relationship between autoantigenic proteins and COVID-induced alterations. Using DS-affinity, we identified an autoantigen-ome of 408 proteins from human HFL1 cells, at least 231 of which are known autoAgs. Comparing with available COVID data, 352 proteins of the autoantigen-ome have thus far been found to be altered at protein or RNA levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection, 210 of which are known autoAgs. The COVID-altered proteins are significantly associated with RNA metabolism, translation, vesicles and vesicle transport, cell death, supramolecular fibrils, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and interleukin signaling. They offer clues to neurological problems, fibrosis, smooth muscle dysfunction, and thrombosis. In particular, 150 altered proteins are related to the nervous system, including axon, myelin sheath, neuron projection, neuronal cell body, and olfactory bulb. An association with the melanosome is also identified. The findings from our study illustrate a connection between COVID infection and autoimmunity. The vast number of COVID-altered proteins with high intrinsic propensity to become autoAgs offers an explanation for the diverse autoimmune complications in COVID patients. The variety of autoAgs related to mRNA metabolism, translation, and vesicles suggests a need for long-term monitoring of autoimmunity in COVID. The COVID autoantigen atlas we are establishing provides a detailed molecular map for further investigation of autoimmune sequelae of the pandemic, such as "long COVID" syndrome. Summary Sentence An autoantigen-ome by dermatan sulfate affinity from human lung HFL1 cells may explain neurological and autoimmune manifestations of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Wang JY, Roehrl MW, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MH. A Master Autoantigen-ome Links Alternative Splicing, Female Predilection, and COVID-19 to Autoimmune Diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.07.30.454526. [PMID: 34373855 PMCID: PMC8351778 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.30.454526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and debilitating autoimmune sequelae pose a grave concern for the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Based on our discovery that the glycosaminoglycan dermatan sulfate (DS) displays peculiar affinity to apoptotic cells and autoantigens (autoAgs) and that DS-autoAg complexes cooperatively stimulate autoreactive B1 cell responses, we compiled a database of 751 candidate autoAgs from six human cell types. At least 657 of these have been found to be affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection based on currently available multi-omic COVID data, and at least 400 are confirmed targets of autoantibodies in a wide array of autoimmune diseases and cancer. The autoantigen-ome is significantly associated with various processes in viral infections, such as translation, protein processing, and vesicle transport. Interestingly, the coding genes of autoAgs predominantly contain multiple exons with many possible alternative splicing variants, short transcripts, and short UTR lengths. These observations and the finding that numerous autoAgs involved in RNA-splicing showed altered expression in viral infections suggest that viruses exploit alternative splicing to reprogram host cell machinery to ensure viral replication and survival. While each cell type gives rise to a unique pool of autoAgs, 39 common autoAgs associated with cell stress and apoptosis were identified from all six cell types, with several being known markers of systemic autoimmune diseases. In particular, the common autoAg UBA1 that catalyzes the first step in ubiquitination is encoded by an X-chromosome escape gene. Given its essential function in apoptotic cell clearance and that X-inactivation escape tends to increase with aging, UBA1 dysfunction can therefore predispose aging women to autoimmune disorders. In summary, we propose a model of how viral infections lead to extensive molecular alterations and host cell death, autoimmune responses facilitated by autoAg-DS complexes, and ultimately autoimmune diseases. Overall, this master autoantigen-ome provides a molecular guide for investigating the myriad of autoimmune sequalae to COVID-19 and clues to the rare but reported adverse effects of the currently available COVID vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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Winsz-Szczotka K, Kuźnik-Trocha K, Lachór-Motyka I, Lemski W, Olczyk K. Concerted Actions by PIICP, CTXII, and TNF-α in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050648. [PMID: 33924892 PMCID: PMC8146247 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint destruction in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), initiated in the early, preclinical stage of the disease, is diagnosed on the basis of clinical evaluation and radiographic imaging. The determination of circulating cartilage-matrix turnover markers can facilitate the diagnosis and application of better and earlier treatment strategies for JIA. We have shown that 96 JIA patients have elevated levels of procollagen II C-terminal propeptide (PIICP), reflecting the extent of joint cartilage biosynthesis, and C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTXII), a biomarker of the resorption of this tissue. Patients who did not respond to treatment had particularly high levels of these markers. JIA treatment resulted in the normalization of these markers in remissive patients, but not in those with active JIA. We showed correlations between examined variables and inflammatory process indicators, i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The TNF-α of patients responding to treatment correlated with PIICP, especially in the patients before treatment (r = 0.898, p < 0.001). Significant changes in serum PIICP during JIA therapy suggest its potential diagnostic utility in the monitoring of disease activity and the possibility of its use in assessing treatment towards remission. Understanding changes in type II collagen metabolism over the course of the discussed arthritis may allow the implementation of both new diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies in children with JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (W.L.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-323-64-1152
| | - Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (W.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Iwona Lachór-Motyka
- Department of Rheumatology, The John Paul II Pediatric Center in Sosnowiec, ul. Gabrieli Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Lemski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (W.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (W.L.); (K.O.)
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Wang JY, Zhang W, Roehrl MW, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MH. An Autoantigen Atlas from Human Lung HFL1 Cells Offers Clues to Neurological and Diverse Autoimmune Manifestations of COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.01.24.427965. [PMID: 33501444 PMCID: PMC7836114 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.24.427965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is accompanied by a myriad of both transient and long-lasting autoimmune responses. Dermatan sulfate (DS), a glycosaminoglycan crucial for wound healing, has unique affinity for autoantigens (autoAgs) from apoptotic cells. DS-autoAg complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production. Using DS affinity, we identified an autoantigenome of 408 proteins from human fetal lung fibroblast HFL11 cells, at least 231 of which are known autoAgs. Comparing with available COVID data, 352 proteins of the autoantigenome have thus far been found to be altered at protein or RNA levels in SARS-Cov-2 infection, 210 of which are known autoAgs. The COVID-altered proteins are significantly associated with RNA metabolism, translation, vesicles and vesicle transport, cell death, supramolecular fibrils, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and interleukin signaling. They offer clues to neurological problems, fibrosis, smooth muscle dysfunction, and thrombosis. In particular, 150 altered proteins are related to the nervous system, including axon, myelin sheath, neuron projection, neuronal cell body, and olfactory bulb. An association with the melanosome is also identified. The findings from our study illustrate a strong connection between viral infection and autoimmunity. The vast number of COVID-altered proteins with propensity to become autoAgs offers an explanation for the diverse autoimmune complications in COVID patients. The variety of autoAgs related to mRNA metabolism, translation, and vesicles raises concerns about potential adverse effects of mRNA vaccines. The COVID autoantigen atlas we are establishing provides a detailed molecular map for further investigation of autoimmune sequelae of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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Araujo GR, Fujimura PT, Vaz ER, Silva TA, Rodovalho VR, Britto-Madurro AG, Madurro JM, Fonseca JE, Silva CHM, Santos PS, Mourão AF, Canhão H, Goulart LR, Gonçalves J, Ueira-Vieira C. A novel reactive epitope-based antigen targeted by serum autoantibodies in oligoarticular and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and development of an electrochemical biosensor. Immunobiology 2016; 221:634-40. [PMID: 26806845 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no specific markers for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) diagnosis, which is based on clinical symptoms and some blood tests for diseases' exclusion. Aiming to select new epitope-based antigens (mimotopes) that could recognize circulating autoantibodies in most JIA forms, we screened a phage displayed random peptide library against IgG antibodies purified from serum of JIA patients. ELISA assay was carried out to confirm immunoreactivity of selected peptides against sera IgG antibodies from JIA patients, healthy children and patients with other autoimmune diseases. The mimotope PRF+1 fused to phage particles was able to efficiently discriminate JIA patients from controls, and for this reason was chosen to be chemically synthesized for validation in a larger sample size. The synthetic peptide was immobilized onto bioelectrodes' surface for antibody detection by electrochemical analyses through differential pulse voltammetry. The PRF+1 synthetic peptide has efficiently discriminated JIA patients from control groups (p<0.0001) with a very good accuracy (AUC>0.84; sensitivity=61%; specificity=91%). The electrochemical platform proved to be fast, low cost and effective in detecting anti-PRF+1 antibodies from JIA patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.0049). Our study describes a novel and promising epitope-based biomarker for JIA diagnosis that can become a useful tool for screening tests, which was successfully incorporated onto an electrochemical biosensor and could be promptly used in field diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galber R Araujo
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, sala 248, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Patricia T Fujimura
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, sala 248, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emília R Vaz
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, sala 248, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamiris A Silva
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, sala 248, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius R Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Biomateriais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Graci Britto-Madurro
- Laboratório de Biomateriais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João M Madurro
- Laboratório de Filmes Poliméricos e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João E Fonseca
- Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Carlos H M Silva
- Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2U, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Paula S Santos
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, sala 248, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana F Mourão
- Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Luiz R Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, sala 248, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Tupper Hall, Rm. 3146, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - João Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, sala 248, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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