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Lin C, Galal A, Rizzieri D, Chawla S, Lee ST, Georgy A, Dabovic K, Strack T, McKinney M. Combinatorial Efficacy and Toxicity of an Engineered Toxin Body MT-3724 with Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:1-10. [PMID: 36657101 PMCID: PMC10387504 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2162073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MT-3724 is an engineered direct-kill immunotoxin comprised of a CD20-specific scFv fused to a Shiga-like toxin subunit. In this phase IIa study, eight patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were treated with MT-3724 combined with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX). The objective response rate was 85.7%, with a median duration of response of 2.2 months. The 12-month overall survival and progression-free survival were 71.4% and 28.6%, respectively. Two patients experienced grade 2 capillary leak syndrome (CLS). Combination therapy with MT-3724 and GEMOX demonstrated an early efficacy signal but was limited by the incidence of CLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Lin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmed Galal
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sant Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Seung T. Lee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew McKinney
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Radiosensitizing Pancreatic Cancer with PARP Inhibitor and Gemcitabine: An In Vivo and a Whole-Transcriptome Analysis after Proton or Photon Irradiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030527. [PMID: 33573176 PMCID: PMC7866541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease. Using modern technique of radiotherapy, such as proton therapy, may simultaneously enhance dose to the tumor and decrease dose to surrounding organ, thus limiting toxicity. Moreover, associating drugs to radiotherapy also increases its effectiveness on tumor. The aim of our study was to show the benefit of proton therapy compared to standard radiotherapy with photon, and the benefit of associating different drugs with those particles in vivo. Thus, our results displayed a higher effectiveness of associating proton therapy, gemcitabine and olaparib. Finally, we pointed out that treatment induced significant transcriptomic alterations. Abstract Over the past few years, studies have focused on the development of targeted radiosensitizers such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. We performed an in vivo study and a whole-transcriptome analysis to determine whether PARP inhibition enhanced gemcitabine-based chemoradiosensitization of pancreatic cancer xenografts, combined with either proton or photon irradiation. NMRI mice bearing MIA PaCa-2 xenografts were treated with olaparib and/or gemcitabine and irradiated with 10 Gy photon or proton. First, a significant growth inhibition was obtained after 10 Gy proton irradiation compared to 10 Gy photon irradiation (p = 0.046). Moreover, the combination of olaparib, gemcitabine and proton therapy significantly sensitized tumor xenografts, compared to gemcitabine (p = 0.05), olaparib (p = 0.034) or proton therapy (p < 0.0001) alone or to the association of olaparib, gemcitabine and radiotherapy (p = 0.024). Simultaneously, whole RNA sequencing profiling showed differentially expressed genes implicated in categories such as DNA repair, type I interferon signaling and cell cycle. Moreover, a large amount of lncRNA was dysregulated after proton therapy, gemcitabine and olaparib. This is the first study showing that addition of olaparib to gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy improved significantly local control in vivo, especially after proton therapy. RNA sequencing profiling analysis presented dynamic alteration of transcriptome after chemoradiation and identified a classifier of gemcitabine response.
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Smith PL, Yogaratnam Y, Samad M, Kasow S, Dalgleish AG. Effect of Gemcitabine based chemotherapy on the immunogenicity of pancreatic tumour cells and T-cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:110-121. [PMID: 32661823 PMCID: PMC7820186 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer has limited efficacy due to the difficultly of treating established tumours and the evolution of tumour resistance. Chemotherapies for pancreatic cancer are typically studied for their cytotoxic properties rather than for their ability to increase the immunogenicity of pancreatic tumour cells. In this study Gemcitabine in combination with immune modulatory chemotherapies Oxaliplatin, zoledronic acid and pomalidomide was studied to determine how combination therapy alters the immunogenicity of pancreatic tumour cell lines and subsequent T-cell responses. METHODS Pancreatic tumour cell lines were stimulated with the chemotherapeutic agents and markers of immune recognition were assessed. The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on DC function was measured using uptake of CFSE-stained PANC-1 cells, changes in markers of maturation and their ability to activate CD8+ T-cells. The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on T-cell priming prior to activation using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies was determined by measuring IFN-γ expression and Annexin V staining using flow cytometry. RESULTS These agents demonstrate both additive and inhibitory properties on a range of markers of immunogenicity. Gemcitabine was notable for its ability to induce the upregulation of human leukocyte antigen and checkpoints on pancreatic tumour cell lines whilst inhibiting T-cell activation. Pomalidomide demonstrated immune modulatory properties on dendritic cells and T-cells, even in the presence of gemcitabine. DISCUSSION These data highlight the complex interactions of different agents in the modulation of tumour immunogenicity and immune cell activation and emphasise the complexity in rationally designing chemo immunogenic combinations for use with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Smith
- ST Georges University of London, 1 Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Y Yogaratnam
- ST Georges University of London, 1 Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - M Samad
- ST Georges University of London, 1 Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - S Kasow
- ST Georges University of London, 1 Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A G Dalgleish
- ST Georges University of London, 1 Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Topin-Ruiz S, Mellinger A, Lepeltier E, Bourreau C, Fouillet J, Riou J, Jaouen G, Martin L, Passirani C, Clere N. p722 ferrocifen loaded lipid nanocapsules improve survival of murine xenografted-melanoma via a potentiation of apoptosis and an activation of CD8 + T lymphocytes. Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120111. [PMID: 33246045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Recent new therapeutics improved the survival of patients at a metastatic stage. However, the low response rate to immunotherapy, explained in part by resistance to apoptosis, needs to develop new strategies. The ferrocifen family represents promising bioorganometallic molecules for melanoma treatment since they show potent anticancer properties. The aim of this study is (i) to evaluate the benefits of a strategy involving encapsulated p722 in lipid nanocapsules (LNC) in B16F10 melanoma mice models and (ii) to compare the beneficial effects with an existing therapy such as anti-CTLA4 mAb. Interestingly, LNC-p722 induces a significant decrease of melanoma cell viability. In vivo data shows a significant improvement in the survival rate and a slower tumor growth with p722-loaded LNC in comparison with anti-CTLA4 mAb. Western blots confirm that LNC-p722 potentiates intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Treatment with LNC-p722 significantly activates CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to treatment with anti-CTLA4 mAb. This study uncovers a new therapeutic strategy with encapsulated p722 to prevent B16F10 melanoma growth and to improve survival of treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Topin-Ruiz
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, service de dermatologie, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Adélie Mellinger
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Clara Bourreau
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Juliette Fouillet
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Jérémie Riou
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, Paris Cedex 05, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM, UMR 8232), Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, service de dermatologie, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Catherine Passirani
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Clere
- MINT, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
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Daniels MJ, Barry E, Milbar N, Schoenberg M, Bivalacqua TJ, Sankin A, Kates M. An evaluation of monthly maintenance therapy among patients receiving intravesical combination gemcitabine/docetaxel for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:40.e17-40.e24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abakushina EV, Gelm YV, Pasova IA, Bazhin AV. Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:720-728. [PMID: 31509724 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919070046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) originating from the cells of the colon or rectum has a high mortality rate worldwide. Numerous attempts have been made to raise the overall survival rates of CRC patients. It is well-known that the development of malignant neoplasms is accompanied by suppression of the immune system, which is likely the cause for the failure of standard treatment methods. Immune response has long been an issue of great interest in cancer therapy and anti-tumor immunity that consider the development of immunotherapeutic antitumor methods resulting in the immune system activation as an important issue. This review discusses main immunotherapeutic approaches available for the CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Abakushina
- Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249036, Russia.
| | - Yu V Gelm
- Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249036, Russia
| | - I A Pasova
- Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249036, Russia
| | - A V Bazhin
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Munich, 81377, Germany.
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Isayev O, Zhu Y, Gasimov E, Werner J, Bazhin AV. Effect of Chemotherapeutic Agents on the Expression of Retinoid Receptors and Markers of Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1424-1432. [PMID: 31760928 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as expression and function of retinoid receptors, are pivotal features of tumor initiation, progression, and chemoresistance. This is also true for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which represents a clinical challenge due to poor prognosis and increasing incidence. Understanding the above features of cancer cells could open new avenues for PDAC treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between CSCs, EMT, and retinoid receptors in PDAC after treatment with the chemotherapeutic agents - gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. First, we demonstrated the difference in the expression levels of CSC and EMT markers and retinoid receptors in the untreated Mia PaCa-2 and Panc1 cells that also differed in the frequency of spontaneous apoptosis and distribution between the cell cycle phases. Chemotherapy reduced the number of cancer cells in the S phase. Gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil modulated expression of CSC markers, E-cadherin, and RXRβ in Panc1 but not in Mia PaCa-2 cells. We suggest that these effects could be attributed to the difference in the basal levels of expression of the investigated genes. The obtained data could be interesting in the context of future preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Isayev
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, AZ1022, Azerbaijan. .,Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, AZ1106, Azerbaijan
| | - Y Zhu
- International Joint Laboratory for Cell Medical Engineering of Henan Province, Department of Oncology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, P. R. China.
| | - E Gasimov
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, AZ1022, Azerbaijan.
| | - J Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - A V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany.
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Bazhin AV, von Ahn K, Fritz J, Werner J, Karakhanova S. Interferon-α Up-Regulates the Expression of PD-L1 Molecules on Immune Cells Through STAT3 and p38 Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2129. [PMID: 30356906 PMCID: PMC6190899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFNα) has one of the longest histories of use amongst cytokines in clinical oncology and has been applied for the treatment of many types of cancers. Due to its immune-activating properties, IFNα is also an attractive candidate for combinatory anti-cancer therapies. Despite its extensive use in animal tumor models as well as in several clinical trials, the different mechanisms underlying patient responses and affecting desirable clinical benefits are still under investigation. Here we show that in addition to its immune-activating properties, IFNα induces the expression of a key negative regulator, immunosuppressive PD-L1 molecule, in the majority of the specific immune cell populations, particularly in the dendritic cells (DC). DC can modulate immune responses by a variety of mechanisms, including expression of T-cell regulatory molecules and cytokines. Our results showed that treatment of DC with IFNα-2b led to pronounced up-regulation of surface expression of PD-L1 molecules, increased IL-6 and decreased IL-12 production. Moreover, we present evidence that IFNα-treated DC exhibited a reduced capacity to stimulate interferon-γ production in T cells compared to control DC. This T-cell response after treatment of DC with IFNα was recovered by a pre-treatment with an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody. Further analyses revealed that IFNα regulated PD-L1 expression through the STAT3 and p38 signaling pathways, since blocking of STAT3 and p38 activation with specific inhibitors prevented PD-L1 up-regulation. Our findings underline the important roles of p38 and STAT3 in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and prove that IFNα induces STAT3/p38-mediated expression of PD-L1 and thereby a reduced stimulatory ability of DC. The augmentation of PD-L1 expression in immune cells through IFNα treatment should be considered by use of IFNα in an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina von Ahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fritz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svetlana Karakhanova
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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[What is the place of the combinations for immunotherapy with chemotherapy or with other immune checkpoint inhibitors?]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:485-493. [PMID: 28433197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade by the use of anti-PD(L)1 or anti-CTLA4 antibodies can induce long lasting disease response and maybe cure in a lot of advanced cancer patients. This ongoing immunotherapy revolution has given new hope to cancer patients and oncologists. However, still the majority of cancer patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade and novel therapeutical possibilities are being tested in several clinical trials. One of the possibilities to enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade is the combination with chemotherapy or with other immune checkpoint blockade molecules. In this review, we explore the preclinical rational for this synergism and the potential consequences for immunotherapy in oncology.
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