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Zeng Q, Ren Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Qin Y, Yang L, Zheng X, Huang A, Fan H. The nuclear matrix protein HNRNPU restricts hepatitis B virus transcription by promoting OAS3-based activation of host innate immunity. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29805. [PMID: 39011773 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear protein U (HNRNPU) plays a pivotal role in innate immunity by facilitating chromatin opening to activate immune genes during host defense against viral infection. However, the mechanism by which HNRNPU is involved in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription regulation through mediating antiviral immunity remains unknown. Our study revealed a significant decrease in HNRNPU levels during HBV transcription, which depends on HBx-DDB1-mediated degradation. Overexpression of HNRNPU suppressed HBV transcription, while its knockdown effectively promoted viral transcription, indicating HNRNPU as a novel host restriction factor for HBV transcription. Mechanistically, HNRNPU inhibits HBV transcription by activating innate immunity through primarily the positive regulation of the interferon-stimulating factor 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3, which mediates an ribonuclease L-dependent mechanism to enhance innate immune responses. This study offers new insights into the host immune regulation of HBV transcription and proposes potential targets for therapeutic intervention against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinrui Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sinha P, Thio CL, Balagopal A. Intracellular Host Restriction of Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:764. [PMID: 38793645 PMCID: PMC11125714 DOI: 10.3390/v16050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes and hijacks host cellular mechanisms for its replication. Host proteins can be frontline effectors of the cell's defense and restrict viral replication by impeding multiple steps during its intracellular lifecycle. This review summarizes many of the well-described restriction factors, their mechanisms of restriction, and counteractive measures of HBV, with a special focus on viral transcription. We discuss some of the limitations and knowledge gaps about the restriction factors, highlighting how these factors may be harnessed to facilitate therapeutic strategies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.T.)
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3
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Liu D, He W, Yang LL. Revitalizing antitumor immunity: Leveraging nucleic acid sensors as therapeutic targets. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216729. [PMID: 38387757 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid sensors play a critical role in recognizing and responding to pathogenic nucleic acids as danger signals. Upon activation, these sensors initiate downstream signaling cascades that lead to the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons. These immune mediators orchestrate diverse effector responses, including the activation of immune cells and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. However, careful consideration must be given to balancing the activation of nucleic acid sensors to avoid unwanted autoimmune or inflammatory responses. In this review, we provide an overview of nucleic acid sensors and their role in combating cancer through the perception of various aberrant nucleic acids and activation of the immune system. We discuss the connections between different programmed cell death modes and nucleic acid sensors. Finally, we outline the development of nucleic acid sensor agonists, highlighting how their potential as therapeutic targets opens up new avenues for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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Zhao P, Zhao Y, Du M, Chen X, Lu Y. Impact of lamivudine treatment in late pregnancy on the development of the foetal immune response to hepatitis B virus: a meta-analysis in R with the metafor package. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:264-272. [PMID: 38048279 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health burden, especially in Asia and Africa. Concerns were raised that foetal exposure to HBV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) might suppress the innate immune response and reduce the production of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) in foetuses and infants. We therefore conducted the current study to evaluate the impact of ART on the development of the immune response to HBV in foetuses and infants. METHODS We selected lamivudine instead of telbivudine or tenofovir as the intervention measurement because it was the oldest and most widely used ART during pregnancy and its safety data have been sufficiently documented. A comprehensive search was conducted in eight electronic databases, including four Chinese and four English databases. Studies that met the following eligibility criteria were included: human randomized controlled trials (RCTs); participants in the treatment group were exclusively exposed to lamivudine; participants in the control group were exposed to placebo, no treatment or hepatitis B immunoglobulin; all participants were HBV-positive pregnant women with a high viral load and the main outcome of interest was neonatal HBsAb seropositivity. Data were tabulated and analysed using R software. RESULTS Nine RCTs were included and analysed. Compared with controls, lamivudine significantly decreased HBsAb seronegativity in the newborn within 24 h after birth (indicating the foetal immune response to HBV). Similar results were noted in infants within 6-7 months after birth and infants within 12 months (indicating the neonatal immune response to HBV vaccine). CONCLUSIONS Lamivudine treatment in late pregnancy boosted the foetal immune response to HBV in utero and enhanced the neonatal immune response to hepatitis B vaccine after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, No. 1 Xueshi Road, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, No. 1 Xueshi Road, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 322000, Yiwu, No. N1 Shangcheng Avenue, China
| | - Minmin Du
- Department of Obstetrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 322000, Yiwu, No. N1 Shangcheng Avenue, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 322000, Yiwu, No. N1 Shangcheng Avenue, China
| | - Yongchao Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, No. 1 Xueshi Road, China
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5
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Shi L, Guo G, Zhou J, Cheng Z, Zhu R, Kukolj G, Li C. Identification of a potent and specific retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 pathway activator as a Hepatitis B Virus antiviral through a novel cell-based reporter assay. J Virol Methods 2024; 325:114875. [PMID: 38176614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a global burden. To identify small molecule RIG-I agonists as antivirals against HBV, we developed an HBV-pgRNA-based interferon-β (IFN-β) luciferase reporter assay with high level of assay sensitivity, specificity and robustness. Through HTS screening, lead compound (JJ#1) was identified to activate RIG-I signaling pathway by inducing TBK1 phosphorylation. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that JJ#1-induced retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) signaling pathway activation was MAVS-dependent. Furthermore, JJ#1 exhibited HBV antiviral potency in HBV-infected cell models by reducing HBV DNA and antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shi
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guangyang Guo
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhanling Cheng
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - George Kukolj
- Janssen Research and Development, SFBC, 1600 Sierra Point Pkwy, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA
| | - Chris Li
- Janssen Research and Development, SFBC, 1600 Sierra Point Pkwy, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA.
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6
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Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Li D, Guo X, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Tan S. REXO2 up-regulation is positively correlated with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111740. [PMID: 38401464 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a homologous counterpart to the prokaryotic oligonuclease found in the cellular cytoplasm and mitochondrion, REXO2 assumes a pivotal role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Nevertheless, the precise functions and mechanisms by which REXO2 operates within the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have hitherto remained unexamined. METHODS The expression levels of REXO2 in HCC tissues were evaluated through the utilization of the immunohistochemical (IHC) method, and subsequently, the association between REXO2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients was scrutinized employing the χ2 test. A battery of experimental assays, encompassing CCK8 viability assessment, cell colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, were conducted with the aim of elucidating the biological role of REXO2 within HCC cells. Complementary bioinformatics analyses were undertaken to discern potential correlations between REXO2 and immune infiltration in tumor tissues. RESULTS Our IHC findings have unveiled a notable up-regulation of REXO2 within HCC tissues, and this heightened expression bears the status of an independent prognostic factor, portending an adverse outcome for HCC patients (P < 0.05). Upon the attenuation of REXO2 expression, a discernible reduction in the rates of proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells ensued (P < 0.05). Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis has provided insights into the putative influence of REXO2 on the development of HCC through the modulation of TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, our bioinformatics analyses have demonstrated a positive correlation between REXO2 and tumor immune cell infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint CTLA-4. CONCLUSIONS In summation, our results posit an association between the up-regulation of REXO2 and adverse prognostic outcomes, alongside the involvement of immune-related signaling pathways and tumor immune infiltration within the realm of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmiao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongcheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Di Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaonian Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
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7
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Chua C, Mahamed D, Nkongolo S, Sanchez Vasquez JD, Mehrotra A, Wong DKH, Chung RT, Feld JJ, Janssen HLA, Gehring AJ. Liver-restricted Type I IFN Signature Precedes Liver Damage in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Stopping Antiviral Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1002-1011. [PMID: 38294274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated liver damage is the driver of disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Liver damage is an Ag-independent process caused by bystander activation of CD8 T cells and NK cells. How bystander lymphocyte activation is initiated in chronic hepatitis B patients remains unclear. Periods of liver damage, called hepatic flares, occur unpredictably, making early events difficult to capture. To address this obstacle, we longitudinally sampled the liver of chronic hepatitis B patients stopping antiviral therapy and analyzed immune composition and activation using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. At 4 wk after stopping therapy, HBV replication rebounded but no liver damage was detectable. There were no changes in cell frequencies at viral rebound. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and proinflammatory cytokine migration inhibitory factor (MIF) at viral rebound in patients that go on to develop hepatic flares 6-18 wk after stopping therapy. The type I IFN signature was only detectable within the liver, and neither IFN-α/β or ISG induction could be detected in the peripheral blood. In vitro experiments confirmed the type I IFN-dependent ISG profile whereas MIF was induced primarily by IL-12. MIF exposure further amplified inflammatory cytokine production by myeloid cells. Our data show that innate immune activation is detectable in the liver before clinically significant liver damage is evident. The combination of type I IFN and enhanced cytokine production upon MIF exposure represent the earliest immunological triggers of lymphocyte bystander activation observed in hepatic flares associated with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conan Chua
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deeqa Mahamed
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirin Nkongolo
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Diego Sanchez Vasquez
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aman Mehrotra
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David K H Wong
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jordan J Feld
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adam J Gehring
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Sun L, Chen X, Zhu S, Wang J, Diao S, Liu J, Xu J, Li X, Sun Y, Huang C, Meng X, Lv X, Li J. Decoding m 6A mRNA methylation by reader proteins in liver diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:711-726. [PMID: 37692496 PMCID: PMC10491919 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic and reversible epigenetic regulation. As the most prevalent internal post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNA, it participates in the regulation of gene expression through various mechanisms, such as mRNA splicing, nuclear export, localization, translation efficiency, mRNA stability, and structural transformation. The involvement of m6A in the regulation of gene expression depends on the specific recognition of m6A-modified RNA by reader proteins. In the pathogenesis and treatment of liver disease, studies have found that the expression levels of key genes that promote or inhibit the development of liver disease are regulated by m6A modification, in which abnormal expression of reader proteins determines the fate of these gene transcripts. In this review, we introduce m6A readers, summarize the recognition and regulatory mechanisms of m6A readers on mRNA, and focus on the biological functions and mechanisms of m6A readers in liver cancer, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic fibrosis (HF), acute liver injury (ALI), and other liver diseases. This information is expected to be of high value to researchers deciphering the links between m6A readers and human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Sun
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Sai Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shaoxi Diao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yingyin Sun
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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9
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Moon JS, Lee W, Cho YH, Kim Y, Kim GW. The Significance of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation in Regulating the Hepatitis B Virus Life Cycle. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:233-239. [PMID: 37942519 PMCID: PMC10940779 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has recently emerged as a significant co-transcriptional modification involved in regulating various RNA functions. It plays a vital function in numerous biological processes. Enzymes referred to as m6A methyltransferases, such as the methyltransferaselike (METTL) 3-METTL14-Wilms tumor 1 (WT1)-associated protein (WTAP) complex, are responsible for adding m6A modifications, while m6A demethylases, including fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), can remove m6A methylation. The functions of m6A-methylated RNA are regulated through the recognition and interaction of m6A reader proteins. Recent research has shown that m6A methylation takes place at multiple sites within hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNAs, and the location of these modifications can differentially impact the HBV infection. The addition of m6A modifications to HBV RNA can influence its stability and translation, thereby affecting viral replication and pathogenesis. Furthermore, HBV infection can also alter the m6A modification pattern of host RNA, indicating the virus's ability to manipulate host cellular processes, including m6A modification. This manipulation aids in establishing chronic infection, promoting liver disease, and contributing to pathogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the functional roles of m6A modification during HBV infection is crucial for developing innovative approaches to combat HBV-mediated liver disease. In this review, we explore the functions of m6A modification in HBV replication and its impact on the development of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Su Moon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wooseong Lee
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyo Kim
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Woo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ding S, Liu H, Liu L, Ma L, Chen Z, Zhu M, Liu L, Zhang X, Hao H, Zuo L, Yang J, Wu X, Zhou P, Huang F, Zhu F, Guan W. Epigenetic addition of m 5C to HBV transcripts promotes viral replication and evasion of innate antiviral responses. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:39. [PMID: 38216565 PMCID: PMC10786922 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic five-methylcytosine (m5C) is an important regulator of viral RNA splicing, stability, and translation. However, its role in HBV replication remains largely unknown. In this study, functional m5C sites are identified in hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA. The m5C modification at nt 1291 is not only indispensable for Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF) recognition to promote viral mRNA export and HBx translation but also for the inhibition of RIG-I binding to suppress interferon-β (IFN-β) production. Moreover, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) catalyzes the addition of m5C to HBV mRNA and is transcriptionally downregulated by the viral protein HBx, which suppresses the binding of EGR1 to the NSUN2 promoter. Additionally, NSUN2 expression correlates with m5C modification of type I IFN mRNA in host cells, thus, positively regulating IFN expression. Hence, the delicate regulation of NSUN2 expression induces m5C modification of HBV mRNA while decreasing the levels of m5C in host IFN mRNA, making it a vital component of the HBV life cycle. These findings provide new molecular insights into the mechanism of HBV-mediated IFN inhibition and may inform the development of new IFN-α based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
- Hubei JiangXia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Li Ma
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Lishi Liu
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Xiulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hubei JiangXia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Wuxiang Guan
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China.
- Hubei JiangXia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China.
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11
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Zhao Q, Liu H, Tang L, Wang F, Tolufashe G, Chang J, Guo JT. Mechanism of interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis B and potential approaches to improve its therapeutic efficacy. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105782. [PMID: 38110058 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 296 million people worldwide and causes more than 820,000 deaths annually due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current standard-of-care medications for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) include nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) viral DNA polymerase inhibitors and pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α). NAs can efficiently suppress viral replication and improve liver pathology, but not eliminate or inactivate HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). CCC DNA is the most stable HBV replication intermediate that exists as a minichromosome in the nucleus of infected hepatocyte to transcribe viral RNA and support viral protein translation and genome replication. Consequentially, a finite duration of NA therapy rarely achieves a sustained off-treatment suppression of viral replication and life-long NA treatment is most likely required. On the contrary, PEG-IFN-α has the benefit of finite treatment duration and achieves HBsAg seroclearance, the indication of durable immune control of HBV replication and functional cure of CHB, in approximately 5% of treated patients. However, the low antiviral efficacy and poor tolerability limit its use. Understanding how IFN-α suppresses HBV replication and regulates antiviral immune responses will help rational optimization of IFN therapy and development of novel immune modulators to improve the rate of functional cure. This review article highlights mechanistic insight on IFN control of HBV infection and recent progress in development of novel IFN regimens, small molecule IFN mimetics and combination therapy of PEG-IFN-α with new direct-acting antivirals and therapeutic vaccines to facilitate the functional cure of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Hui Liu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Liudi Tang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Fuxuan Wang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | | | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States.
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12
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Novotny LA, Evans JG, Guo H, Kappler CS, Meissner EG. Interferon lambda receptor-1 isoforms differentially influence gene expression and HBV replication in stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105779. [PMID: 38070830 PMCID: PMC10872352 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the tolerogenic liver, inadequate or ineffective interferon signaling fails to clear chronic HBV infection. Lambda IFNs (IFNL) bind the interferon lambda receptor-1 (IFNLR1) which dimerizes with IL10RB to induce transcription of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). IFNLR1 is expressed on hepatocytes, but low expression may limit the strength and antiviral efficacy of IFNL signaling. Three IFNLR1 transcriptional variants are detected in hepatocytes whose role in regulation of IFNL signaling is unclear: a full-length and signaling-capable form (isoform 1), a form that lacks a portion of the intracellular JAK1 binding domain (isoform 2), and a secreted form (isoform 3), the latter two predicted to be signaling defective. We hypothesized that altering expression of IFNLR1 isoforms would differentially impact the hepatocellular response to IFNLs and HBV replication. METHODS Induced pluripotent stem-cell derived hepatocytes (iHeps) engineered to contain FLAG-tagged, doxycycline-inducible IFNLR1 isoform constructs were HBV-infected then treated with IFNL3 followed by assessment of gene expression, HBV replication, and cellular viability. RESULTS Minimal overexpression of IFNLR1 isoform 1 markedly augmented ISG expression, induced de novo proinflammatory gene expression, and enhanced inhibition of HBV replication after IFNL treatment without adversely affecting cell viability. In contrast, overexpression of IFNLR1 isoform 2 or 3 partially augmented IFNL-induced ISG expression but did not support proinflammatory gene expression and minimally impacted HBV replication. CONCLUSIONS IFNLR1 isoforms differentially influence IFNL-induced gene expression and HBV replication in hepatocytes. Regulated IFNLR1 expression in vivo could limit the capacity of this pathway to counteract HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Novotny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J Grayson Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christiana S Kappler
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eric G Meissner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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13
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Lok J, Guerra Veloz MF, Agarwal K. Overview of New Targets for Hepatitis B Virus: Immune Modulators, Interferons, Bifunctional Peptides, Therapeutic Vaccines and Beyond. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:857-876. [PMID: 37778774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleos(t)ide analogs are the cornerstone of treatment against hepatitis B virus; however, they have no direct effect on its transcriptional template (ie, covalently closed circular DNA) and so functional cure is rarely achieved. Over recent years, there has been a significant improvement in our understanding of the viral life cycle and its mechanisms of immune evasion. In this review article, we will explore novel therapeutic targets, discuss the latest data from clinical trials, and highlight future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lok
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | | | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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14
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Xu Y, Hou G, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Li C, Hu L, Chen X, Chen R, Ding C, Li D, Li J. Helicase-independent function of RIG-I against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 via blocking the nuclear translocation of viral proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126527. [PMID: 37633553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (RIG-I) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes virus-associated double-stranded RNA and initiates the interferon responses. Besides signal transduction, RIG-I exerts direct antiviral functions to displace viral proteins on dsRNA via its Helicase activity. Nevertheless, this effector-like activity of RIG-I against herpesviruses remains largely unexplored. It has been previously reported that herpesviruses deamidate RIG-I, resulting in the abolishment of its Helicase activity and signal transduction. In this study, we discovered that RIG-I possessed signaling-independent antiviral activities against murine gamma herpesviruses 68 (γHV68, murid herpesvirus 4). Importantly, a Helicase-dead mutant of RIG-I (K270A) demonstrated comparable inhibition on herpesviruses lytic replication, indicating that this antiviral activity is Helicase-independent. Mechanistically, RIG-I bound the Replication and Transcription Activator (RTA) and diminished its nuclear localization to repress viral transcription. We further demonstrated that RIG-I blocked the nuclear translocation of ORF21 (Thymidine Kinase), ORF75c (vGAT), both of which form a nuclear complex with RTA and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to facilitate viral transcription. Moreover, RIG-I retained ORF59 (DNA processivity factor) in the cytoplasm to repress viral DNA replication. Altogether, we illuminated a previously unidentified, Helicase-independent effector-like function of RIG-I against γHV68, representing an exquisite host strategy to counteract viral manipulations on innate immune signaling. IMPORTANCE: Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a member of DExD/H box RNA helicase family, functions as a key pattern recognition receptor (PRR) responsible for the detection of intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from virus-infected cells and induction of type I interferon (IFN) responses. Nevertheless, our understanding of the helicase-independent effector-like activity of RIG-I against virus infection, especially herpesvirus infection, remains largely unknown. Herein, by deploying murine gamma herpesviruses 68 (γHV68) as a model system, we demonstrated that RIG-I possessed an interferon and helicase-independent antiviral activity against γHV68 via blocking the nuclear trafficking of viral proteins, which concomitantly repressed the viral early transcription and genome replication thereof. Our work illuminates a previously unidentified antiviral strategy of RIG-I against herpesvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qizhi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chengming Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Deliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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15
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Kim SC, Wallin JJ, Ghosheh Y, Zahoor MA, Sanchez Vasquez JD, Nkongolo S, Fung S, Mendez P, Feld JJ, Janssen HL, Gehring AJ. Efficacy of antiviral therapy and host-virus interactions visualised using serial liver sampling with fine-needle aspirates. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100817. [PMID: 37600958 PMCID: PMC10432215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Novel therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), such as RNA interference, target all viral RNAs for degradation, whereas nucleoside analogues are thought to block reverse transcription with minimal impact on viral transcripts. However, limitations in technology and sampling frequency have been obstacles to measuring actual changes in HBV transcription in the liver of patients starting therapy. Methods We used elective liver sampling with fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) to investigate the impact of treatment on viral replication in patients with CHB. Liver FNAs were collected from patients with CHB at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks after starting tenofovir alafenamide treatment. Liver FNAs were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing and analysed using the Viral-Track method. Results HBV was the only viral genome detected and was enriched within hepatocytes. The 5' sequencing technology identified protein-specific HBV transcripts and showed that tenofovir alafenamide therapy specifically reduced pre-genomic RNA transcripts with little impact on HBsAg or HBx transcripts. Infected hepatocytes displayed unique gene signatures associated with an immunological response to viral infection. Conclusions Longitudinal liver sampling, combined with single-cell RNA sequencing, captured the dynamic impact of antiviral therapy on the replication status of HBV and revealed host-pathogen interactions at the transcriptional level in infected hepatocytes. This sequencing-based approach is applicable to early-stage clinical studies, enabling mechanistic studies of immunopathology and the effect of novel therapeutic interventions. Impact and Implications Infection-dependent transcriptional changes and the impact of antiviral therapy on viral replication can be measured in longitudinal human liver biopsies using single-cell RNA sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanal Ghosheh
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Atif Zahoor
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Diego Sanchez Vasquez
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shirin Nkongolo
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Scott Fung
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harry L.A. Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Erasmus Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam J. Gehring
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Wu S, Xie H, Su Y, Jia X, Mi Y, Jia Y, Ying H. The landscape of implantation and placentation: deciphering the function of dynamic RNA methylation at the maternal-fetal interface. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205408. [PMID: 37720526 PMCID: PMC10499623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The maternal-fetal interface is defined as the interface between maternal tissue and sections of the fetus in close contact. RNA methylation modifications are the most frequent kind of RNA alterations. It is effective throughout both normal and pathological implantation and placentation during pregnancy. By influencing early embryo development, embryo implantation, endometrium receptivity, immune microenvironment, as well as some implantation and placentation-related disorders like miscarriage and preeclampsia, it is essential for the establishment of the maternal-fetal interface. Our review focuses on the role of dynamic RNA methylation at the maternal-fetal interface, which has received little attention thus far. It has given the mechanistic underpinnings for both normal and abnormal implantation and placentation and could eventually provide an entirely novel approach to treating related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Su
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Jia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabing Mi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Zhang B, Han H, Zhao X, Li AN, Wang Y, Yuan W, Yang Z, Li MD. An HBV susceptibility variant of KNG1 modulates the therapeutic effects of interferons α and λ1 in HBV infection by promoting MAVS lysosomal degradation. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104694. [PMID: 37442062 PMCID: PMC10435766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relationship between HBV infection and the host genome as well as their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we performed a whole-genome exon sequencing analysis of 300 sib-pairs of Chinese HBV-infected families with the goal of identifying variants and genes involved in HBV infection. A site-direct mutant plasmid was used to investigate the function of SNP rs76438938 in KNG1. The functional and mechanical studies of KNG1 were conducted with in vitro liver cell lines and a hydrodynamic injection model in vivo. The impact of KNG1 on HBV infection therapy was determined in hepatocytes treated with IFN-α/λ1. FINDINGS Our whole-exon association study of 300 families with hepatitis B infection found that SNP rs76438938 in KNG1 significantly increased the risk for HBV infection, and the rs76438938-T allele was found to promote HBV replication by increasing the stability of KNG1 mRNA. By competitively binding HSP90A with MAVS, KNG1 can inhibit the expression of types I and III IFNs by promoting MAVS lysosomal degradation. Such suppression of IFN expression and promotion of HBV replication by Kng1 were further demonstrated with an animal model in vivo. Lastly, we showed that the rs76438938-C allele can improve the therapeutic effect of IFN-α and -λ1 in HBV infection. INTERPRETATION This study identified a SNP, rs76438938, in a newly discovered host gene, KNG1, for its involvement in HBV infection and treatment effect through modulating the cellular antiviral process. FUNDING This study was supported in part by the Independent Task of State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, the China Precision Medicine Initiative (2016YFC0906300), and the Research Center for Air Pollution and Health of Zhejiang University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andria N Li
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Yu J, Shen Z, Chen S, Liu H, Du Z, Mao R, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Yang S, Li J, Wu J, Dong M, Zhu M, Huang Y, Li J, Yuan Z, Xie Y, Lu M, Zhang J. Inhibition of HBV replication by EVA1A via enhancing cellular degradation of HBV components and its potential therapeutic application. Antiviral Res 2023:105643. [PMID: 37236321 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is much higher during HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection (EP-CBI) than during HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection (EN-CBI), although the necroinflammation in liver is minimal and the adaptive immune response is similar in both phases. We previously reported that mRNA levels of EVA1A were higher in EN-CBI patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether EVA1A inhibits HBV gene expression and examine the underlying mechanisms. The available cell models for HBV replication and model HBV mice were used to investigate how EVA1A regulates HBV replication and the antiviral activity based on gene therapy. The signaling pathway was determined through RNA sequencing analysis. The results demonstrated that EVA1A can inhibit HBV gene expression in vitro and in vivo. In particular, EVA1A overexpression resulted in accelerated HBV RNA degradation and activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, two processes that directly and indirectly inhibiting HBV gene expression. EVA1A is a promising candidate for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In conclusion, EVA1A is a new host restriction factor that regulates the HBV life cycle via a nonimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zunguo Du
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richeng Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhui Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Schefczyk S, Luo X, Liang Y, Trippler M, Lu M, Wedemeyer H, Schmidt HH, Broering R. Poly(I:C) Induces Distinct Liver Cell Type-Specific Responses in Hepatitis B Virus-Transgenic Mice In Vitro, but Fails to Induce These Signals In Vivo. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051203. [PMID: 37243287 DOI: 10.3390/v15051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopathology in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is driven by innate and adaptive immunity. Whether the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) affects hepatic antiviral signalling was investigated in HBV-transgenic mouse models that either accumulate (Alb/HBs, Tg[Alb1HBV]Bri44), lack (Tg1.4HBV-s-mut3) or secrete (Tg1.4HBV-s-rec (F1, Tg1.4HBV-s-mut × Alb/HBs) the HBsAg. Herein, the responsiveness of TLR3 and RIG-I in primary parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells was determined in vitro and in vivo. Cell type-specific and mouse strain-dependent interferon, cytokine and chemokine expression were observed by LEGENDplex™ and validated by quantitative PCR. In vitro, the hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells of Tg1.4HBV-s-rec mice showed poly(I:C) susceptibilities similar to the wild-type controls, while in the remaining leucocyte fraction the interferon, cytokine and chemokine induction was reduced. On the contrary, poly(I:C)-injected 1.4TgHBV-s-rec mice showed suppressed interferon, cytokine and chemokine levels in hepatocytes but increased levels in the leucocyte fraction. Thus, we concluded that liver cells of Tg1.4HBV-s-rec mice, which produce HBV particles and release the HBsAg, responded to exogenous TLR3/RIG-I stimuli in vitro but exhibited a tolerogenic environment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Yaojie Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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20
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Zheng J, Shi W, Yang Z, Chen J, Qi A, Yang Y, Deng Y, Yang D, Song N, Song B, Luo D. RIG-I-like receptors: Molecular mechanism of activation and signaling. Adv Immunol 2023; 158:1-74. [PMID: 37453753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
During RNA viral infection, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize the intracellular pathogenic RNA species derived from viral replication and activate antiviral innate immune response by stimulating type 1 interferon expression. Three RLR members, namely, RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 are homologous and belong to a subgroup of superfamily 2 Helicase/ATPase that is preferably activated by double-stranded RNA. RLRs are significantly different in gene architecture, RNA ligand preference, activation, and molecular functions. As switchable macromolecular sensors, RLRs' activities are tightly regulated by RNA ligands, ATP, posttranslational modifications, and cellular cofactors. We provide a comprehensive review of the structure and function of the RLRs and summarize the molecular understanding of sensing and signaling events during the RLR activation process. The key roles RLR signaling play in both anti-infection and immune disease conditions highlight the therapeutic potential in targeting this important molecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjia Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyuan Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Tamasi V, Németh K, Csala M. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Diseases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051117. [PMID: 37240762 DOI: 10.3390/life13051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures that are formed by budding from the plasma membrane or originate from the endosomal system. These microparticles (100 nm-100 µm) or nanoparticles (>100 nm) can transport complex cargos to other cells and, thus, provide communication and intercellular regulation. Various cells, such as hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), secrete and take up EVs in the healthy liver, and the amount, size and content of these vesicles are markedly altered under pathophysiological conditions. A comprehensive knowledge of the modified EV-related processes is very important, as they are of great value as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on hepatic EVs and the role they play in the homeostatic processes in the healthy liver. In addition, we discuss the characteristic changes of EVs and their potential exacerbating or ameliorating effects in certain liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), drug induced liver injury (DILI), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), hepatocarcinoma (HCC) and viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Tamasi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Nevola R, Beccia D, Rosato V, Ruocco R, Mastrocinque D, Villani A, Perillo P, Imbriani S, Delle Femine A, Criscuolo L, Alfano M, La Montagna M, Russo A, Marfella R, Cozzolino D, Sasso FC, Rinaldi L, Marrone A, Adinolfi LE, Claar E. HBV Infection and Host Interactions: The Role in Viral Persistence and Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087651. [PMID: 37108816 PMCID: PMC10145402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the advent of vaccines and potent antiviral agents able to suppress viral replication, recovery from chronic HBV infection is still an extremely difficult goal to achieve. Complex interactions between virus and host are responsible for HBV persistence and the risk of oncogenesis. Through multiple pathways, HBV is able to silence both innate and adaptive immunological responses and become out of control. Furthermore, the integration of the viral genome into that of the host and the production of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) represent reservoirs of viral persistence and account for the difficult eradication of the infection. An adequate knowledge of the virus-host interaction mechanisms responsible for viral persistence and the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis is necessary for the development of functional cures for chronic HBV infection. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to analyze how interactions between HBV and host concur in the mechanisms of infection, persistence, and oncogenesis and what are the implications and the therapeutic perspectives that follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nevola
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Beccia
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Rosato
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Rachele Ruocco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Villani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Augusto Delle Femine
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Criscuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Montagna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Claar
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
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23
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Song H, Xiao Q, Xu F, Wei Q, Wang F, Tan G. TRIM25 inhibits HBV replication by promoting HBx degradation and the RIG-I-mediated pgRNA recognition. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:799-806. [PMID: 36975005 PMCID: PMC10150869 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been efficiently used for decades. However, hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HBV is still prevalent globally. We previously reported that interferon (IFN)-induced tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25) inhibited HBV replication by increasing the IFN expression, and this study aimed to further clarify the anti-HBV mechanism of TRIM25. METHODS The TRIM25-mediated degradation of hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein was determined by detecting the expression of HBx in TRIM25-overexpressed or knocked-out HepG2 or HepG2-NTCP cells via Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to confirm the interaction between TRIM25 and HBx, and colocalization of TRIM25 and HBx was identified via immunofluorescence; HBV e-antigen and HBV surface antigen were qualified by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from Kehua Biotech. TRIM25 mRNA, pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), and HBV DNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and pgRNA interaction was verified by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS We found that TRIM25 promoted HBx degradation, and confirmed that TRIM25 could enhance the K90-site ubiquitination of HBx as well as promote HBx degradation by the proteasome pathway. Interestingly, apart from the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, the SPRY domain of TRIM25 was also indispensable for HBx degradation. In addition, we found that the expression of TRIM25 increased the recognition of HBV pgRNA by interacting with RIG-I, which further increased the IFN production, and SPRY, but not the RING domain is critical in this process. CONCLUSIONS The study found that TRIM25 interacted with HBx and promoted HBx-K90-site ubiquitination, which led to HBx degradation. On the other hand, TRIM25 may function as an adaptor, which enhanced the recognition of pgRNA by RIG-I, thereby further promoting IFN production. Our study can contribute to a better understanding of host-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Song
- Department of Hepatology, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Qingfei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Fengchao Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Guangyun Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
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24
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Guo H, Urban S, Wang W. In vitro cell culture models to study hepatitis B and D virus infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169770. [PMID: 37089540 PMCID: PMC10113554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) can cause a major global health burden. Current medication regimens can repress viral replication and help to control disease progression, but a complete cure is hardly achieved due to the difficulties to eradicate viral templates (cccDNA and integrates). To develop novel curative antiviral therapies for HBV/HDV infection, it is vital to precisely understand the details of the molecular biology of both viruses and the virus-host interactions. One important prerequisite for gaining this aim is the availability of suitable in vitro models that support HBV/HDV infection, replicate both viruses via their authentic template and allow to adequately study host cell responses. The discovery of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor as the most crucial host factor promoted HBV/HDV research to a new era. Recently, the structure of human NTCP was solved, gaining a deeper understanding of HBV recognition as the bona fide receptor. After decades of continuous efforts, new progress has been achieved in the development of cell culture models supporting HBV/HDV study. This review summarizes the cell culture models currently available, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and highlights their future applications in HBV and HDV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wenshi Wang, ; Stephan Urban,
| | - Wenshi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenshi Wang, ; Stephan Urban,
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25
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Pan Y, Xia H, He Y, Zeng S, Shen Z, Huang W. The progress of molecules and strategies for the treatment of HBV infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1128807. [PMID: 37009498 PMCID: PMC10053227 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1128807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infections have always been associated with high levels of mortality. In 2019, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases resulted in approximately 555,000 deaths globally. In view of its high lethality, the treatment of HBV infections has always presented a huge challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) came up with ambitious targets for the elimination of hepatitis B as a major public health threat by 2030. To accomplish this goal, one of the WHO’s strategies is to develop curative treatments for HBV infections. Current treatments in a clinical setting included 1 year of pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFNα) and long-term nucleoside analogues (NAs). Although both treatments have demonstrated outstanding antiviral effects, it has been difficult to develop a cure for HBV. The reason for this is that covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), integrated HBV DNA, the high viral burden, and the impaired host immune responses all hinder the development of a cure for HBV. To overcome these problems, there are clinical trials on a number of antiviral molecules being carried out, all -showing promising results so far. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of action of various synthetic molecules, natural products, traditional Chinese herbal medicines, as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas)-based systems, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), all of which could destroy the stability of the HBV life cycle. In addition, we discuss the functions of immune modulators, which can enhance or activate the host immune system, as well some representative natural products with anti-HBV effects.
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26
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Murata K, Mizokami M. Possible biological mechanisms of entecavir versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:683-691. [PMID: 36918402 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a life-threatening infectious virus associated with the risk of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Regarding HBV treatment, the recent development of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NUC), HBV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, enabled favorable viral control as well as improved prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, NUC fails to clear HBV because the formation of covalently closed circular DNA or HBV surface antigen occurs upstream of the point of action of NUC. Recently, we found that acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANP) such as adefovir or tenofovir, but not lamivudine or entecavir, induced IFN-λ3 productions in the gastrointestinal tract and modulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, such as interleukin (IL)-12p70 induction and IL-10 inhibition, which are immunologically favorable cytokine profiles for HBV elimination. Furthermore, IFN-α, in combination with ANP, showed additional and synergistic effects on IFN-λ3 and IL-12p70 production, respectively, while not affecting IL-10 levels. Mechanistic analyses of the cytokine modulation by ANP revealed that ANP blocked the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by inhibiting Akt translocation to the plasma membrane, thereby inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. As it has been reported that IFN-λ inhibits tumor growth directly or indirectly and the mTOR pathway is generally activated in most cancer cells, ANP might have potential anti-HCC effects. Our in vitro and ex vivo findings might stir the debate on whether types of NUC affect the risk of HBV-related HCC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumoto Murata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
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27
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Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen J, Guo Z, Liu Y, Hua H. Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:8. [PMID: 36755342 PMCID: PMC9906624 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that detect viral or bacterial infection and induce host innate immune responses. The RLRs family comprises retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) that have distinctive features. These receptors not only recognize RNA intermediates from viruses and bacteria, but also interact with endogenous RNA such as the mislocalized mitochondrial RNA, the aberrantly reactivated repetitive or transposable elements in the human genome. Evasion of RLRs-mediated immune response may lead to sustained infection, defective host immunity and carcinogenesis. Therapeutic targeting RLRs may not only provoke anti-infection effects, but also induce anticancer immunity or sensitize "immune-cold" tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RLRs signaling and discuss the rationale for therapeutic targeting RLRs in cancer. We describe how RLRs can be activated by synthetic RNA, oncolytic viruses, viral mimicry and radio-chemotherapy, and how the RNA agonists of RLRs can be systemically delivered in vivo. The integration of RLRs agonism with RNA interference or CAR-T cells provides new dimensions that complement cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we update the progress of recent clinical trials for cancer therapy involving RLRs activation and immune modulation. Further studies of the mechanisms underlying RLRs signaling will shed new light on the development of cancer therapeutics. Manipulation of RLRs signaling represents an opportunity for clinically relevant cancer therapy. Addressing the challenges in this field will help develop future generations of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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28
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Song H, Huang Y, Li C, Liu Q, Tan G. Editorial: Interferon and its antiviral effect in response to HBV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135649. [PMID: 36817476 PMCID: PMC9933501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Song
- Department of Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyun Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Guangyun Tan,
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Ao X, Gan Q, Huang X, Bao D, Wu X, Lin Q, Lin A, Ding Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Huang Z. TLR8 agonist partially improves IFN-γ deficiency of NK cells in chronic hepatitis B through the synergy of monocytes. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:387-398. [PMID: 36585909 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit a selective deficiency of IFN-γ production in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonists could induce IFN-γ production in immune cells, although their effects on the deficiency in NK cells remain unclear. AIMS To investigate TLR8 expression in NK cells and the effect of TLR8 agonists in patients with CHB METHODS: We enrolled 32 patients with CHB and 19 healthy controls to assess TLR8 expression and IFN-γ production in NK cells. The sorted NK cells and monocytes were co-cultured to compare the extent of IFN-γ and IL-10 production after TLR8 agonist ssRNA40 stimulation. The synergic effect of NK cells and monocytes was assessed by blocking IL-12 and IL-18. We recruited another 22 patients with CHB undergoing nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy to explore the impact of antiviral treatment on the ssRNA40-mediated response of NK cells. RESULTS In patients with CHB, TLR8 expression in NK cells was up-regulated, accompanied by insufficient IFN-γ production. The enhanced IFN-γ secretion by ssRNA40 in NK cells depended on monocyte-derived IL-12 and IL-18. NK cells displayed an imbalanced response to ssRNA40 in patients with CHB with a weak increase in IFN-γ despite a higher IL-10 production. The response was improved in patients with CHB undergoing NA therapy. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CHB, targeting TLR8 partially rescues the IFN-γ insufficiency in NK cells. However, NK cells show an inhibitory response to TLR8 agonist stimulation. TLR8 agonist combined with NA may enhance the antiviral effect of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Ao
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiaorong Gan
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongpeng Bao
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuwei Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiuxiang Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Aifang Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yating Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zuxiong Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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30
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Sularea VM, Sugrue JA, O'Farrelly C. Innate antiviral immunity and immunometabolism in hepatocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 80:102267. [PMID: 36462263 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The human liver mediates whole-body metabolism, systemic inflammation and responses to hepatotropic pathogens. Hepatocytes, the most abundant cell type of the liver, have critical roles in each of these activities. The regulation of metabolic pathways, such as glucose metabolism, lipid biosynthesis and oxidation, influences whole-organism functionality. However, the immune potential of the liver in general and hepatocytes in particular is also determined by metabolic ability. The major shifts in cellular metabolism required to drive activity in immune cells are now well-described. Given the unique functions of hepatocytes in systemic metabolism and inflammation, and their ability to mediate local antiviral innate immunity, the metabolic shifts required to facilitate these activities are likely to be complex and challenging to define. In this review, we explore what is known about the complex metabolic rewiring required for hepatocytes to respond appropriately to viral infection. We also discuss how viruses can manipulate hepatocyte metabolism to facilitate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Mihai Sularea
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie A Sugrue
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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31
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Xu C, Fan J, Liu D, Tuerdi A, Chen J, Wei Y, Pan Y, Dang H, Wei X, Yousif AS, Yogaratnam J, Zhou Q, Lichenstein H, Xu T. Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) agonist DF-006 demonstrates potent efficacy in mouse and primary human hepatocyte (PHH) models of hepatitis B. Hepatology 2023; 77:275-289. [PMID: 35699669 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, stimulation of innate immunity may lead to hepatitis B virus (HBV) cure. Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that activates the NF-κB pathway and stimulates innate immunity. Here we characterized the preclinical anti-HBV efficacy of DF-006, an orally active agonist of ALPK1 currently in clinical development for CHB. APPROACH AND RESULTS In adeno-associated virus (AAV)-HBV mouse models and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) infected with HBV, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of DF-006. In the mouse models, DF-006 rapidly reduced serum HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis B e antigen levels using doses as low as 0.08 μg/kg, 1 μg/kg, and 5 μg/kg, respectively. DF-006 in combination with the HBV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, entecavir, further reduced HBV DNA. Antiviral efficacy in mice was associated with an increase in immune cell infiltration and decrease of hepatitis B core antigen, encapsidated pregenomic RNA, and covalently closed circular DNA in liver. At subnanomolar concentrations, DF-006 also showed anti-HBV efficacy in PHH with significant reductions of HBV DNA. Following dosing with DF-006, there was upregulation of NF-κB-targeted genes that are involved in innate immunity. CONCLUSION DF-006 was efficacious in mouse and PHH models of HBV without any indications of overt toxicity. In mice, DF-006 localized primarily to the liver where it potently activated innate immunity. The transcriptional response in mouse liver provides insights into mechanisms that mediate anti-HBV efficacy by DF-006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jieqing Fan
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Aimaier Tuerdi
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuning Wei
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Yanfang Pan
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | - Huaixin Dang
- Zhejiang Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd , Jiashan , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiong Wei
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
| | | | | | - Qiong Zhou
- Biology Department , Wuxi Apptec (Shanghai) Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | | | - Tian Xu
- Shanghai Yao Yuan Biotechnology Ltd (Drug Farm) , Shanghai , China
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32
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Yuen MF, Chen CY, Liu CJ, Jeng WJ, Elkhashab M, Coffin CS, Kim W, Greenbloom S, Ramji A, Lim YS, Kim YJ, Fung SK, Kim DJ, Jang JW, Lee KS, Iyer RP, Macfarlane C, Jackson K, Locarnini SA, Chan HLY, Afdhal NH. A phase 2, open-label, randomized, multiple-dose study evaluating Inarigivir in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2023; 43:77-89. [PMID: 36300646 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Novel agents acting against hepatitis B virus (HBV) are needed to improve HBsAg seroclearance or termed as 'functional cure'. Inarigivir (retinoic acid-inducible gene I agonist) has immunomodulatory and direct antiviral actions against HBV. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of Inarigivir for the treatment of HBV infection. PATIENTS/METHODS 80 treatment-naïve patients were randomized in 4 ascending dose cohorts to receive 12 weeks of Inarigivir 25, 50, 100, 200 mg or placebo in a ratio of 4:1. All patients were then given tenofovir for another 12 weeks. RESULTS Least squares (LS) mean reductions in HBV DNA from baseline increased with higher doses of Inarigivir (0.6116 in 25 mg and 1.5774 in 200 mg groups vs. 0.0352 in placebo group) (95% CI 0.9518-0.2011 and 1.921-1.1634 respectively). LS mean changes in HBV RNA and HBsAg from baseline ranged from -0.3856 to -0.5794 versus -0.1474 and -0.0956 to -0.1818 versus +0.0026 in Inarigivir-treated versus placebo groups respectively. During the tenofovir-treated period, LS mean reductions in HBsAg in the Inarigivir-treated groups ranged from 0.1709 to 0.3529 versus 0.1984 in the placebo group. Inarigivir-treated groups showed mean reductions in ALT from baseline between 23.3 and 33.8 versus 0.7 U/L in the placebo group. Treatment-emergent adverse events related to Inarigivir and placebo occurred in 4.7% and 6.3% patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS Twelve-week Inarigivir up to 200 mg dose was associated with a reduction of HBV DNA, HBV RNA and antigen levels. A trend for greater HBsAg reduction was observed in Inarigivir pre-treated patients after switching to tenofovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine & State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Queen Mary Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Juei Jeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Magdy Elkhashab
- Toronto Liver Centre, North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carla S Coffin
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Alnoor Ramji
- Gastrointestinal Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Young S Lim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott K Fung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dong J Kim
- Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Jang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Kathy Jackson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen A Locarnini
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Nezam H Afdhal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yardeni D, Chang KM, Ghany MG. Current Best Practice in Hepatitis B Management and Understanding Long-term Prospects for Cure. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:42-60.e6. [PMID: 36243037 PMCID: PMC9772068 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Despite an effective vaccine, the prevalence of chronic infection remains high. Current therapy is effective at achieving on-treatment, but not off-treatment, viral suppression. Loss of hepatitis B surface antigen, the best surrogate marker of off-treatment viral suppression, is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, this end point is rarely achieved with current therapy because of their lack of effect on covalently closed circular DNA, the template of viral transcription and genome replication. Major advancements in our understanding of HBV virology along with better understanding of immunopathogenesis have led to the development of a multitude of novel therapeutic approaches with the prospect of achieving functional cure (hepatitis B surface antigen loss) and perhaps complete cure (clearance of covalently closed circular DNA and integrated HBV DNA). This review will cover current best practice for managing chronic HBV infection and emerging novel therapies for HBV infection and their prospect for cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yardeni
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Medical Research, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc G Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Many Ways to Communicate-Crosstalk between the HBV-Infected Cell and Its Environment. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010029. [PMID: 36678377 PMCID: PMC9866324 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects an estimated 257 million people worldwide and can lead to liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral replication is generally considered not to be cytopathic, and although some HBV proteins may have direct carcinogenic effects, the majority of HBV infection-related disease is related to chronic inflammation resulting from disrupted antiviral responses and aberrant innate immune reactions. Like all cells, healthy and HBV-infected cells communicate with each other, as well as with other cell types, such as innate and adaptive immune cells. They do so by both interacting directly and by secreting factors into their environment. Such factors may be small molecules, such as metabolites, single viral proteins or host proteins, but can also be more complex, such as virions, protein complexes, and extracellular vesicles. The latter are small, membrane-enclosed vesicles that are exchanged between cells, and have recently gained a lot of attention for their potential to mediate complex communication and their potential for therapeutic repurposing. Here, we review how HBV infection affects the communication between HBV-infected cells and cells in their environment. We discuss the impact of these interactions on viral persistence in chronic infection, as well as their relation to HBV infection-related pathology.
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IFIT3 Is Increased in Serum from Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection and Promotes the Anti-HBV Effect of Interferon Alpha via JAK-STAT2 In Vitro. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0155722. [PMID: 36314949 PMCID: PMC9769971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01557-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that interferon alpha (IFN-α) therapy is an effective treatment option for a subgroup of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It has been confirmed that interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3), a member of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), could inhibit the replication of various viruses. However, its effect on HBV replication is unclear. The present study sought to explore the role and mechanism of IFIT3 in IFN-α antiviral activities against HBV. IFIT3 mRNA levels in the peripheral blood of 108 treatment-naive patients and 70 healthy controls were analyzed first. The effect of IFIT3 on the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway under the dual intervention of IFN-α and HBV was also explored in vitro. Treatment-naive individuals exhibited elevated levels of IFIT3 mRNA compared to the controls (P < 0.0001). Mechanistically, the knockdown of IFIT3 inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), whereas the overexpression of IFIT3 produced the opposite effect in vitro. Meanwhile, the overexpression of IFIT3 enhanced the expression of IFN-α-triggered ISGs, including myxovirus resistance A (MxA), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), while a weaker induction of IFN-α-triggered ISGs was observed in ruxolitinib-treated cells. After decreasing IFIT3 expression by validated small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), the levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and HBV DNA secreted by HepG2 cells transiently transfected with the pHBV1.2 plasmid were increased. Our findings suggest that IFIT3 works in a STAT2-dependent manner to promote the antiviral effect of IFN-α through the JAK-STAT pathway in HBV infection in both human hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cells. IMPORTANCE Our study contributes new insights into the understanding of the functions and roles of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3), which is one of the interferon-stimulated genes induced by hepatitis B virus infection in human hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cells, and may help to identify targeted genes promoting the efficacy of interferon alpha.
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Han HT, Jin WL, Li X. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy in liver diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:23. [PMID: 35895169 PMCID: PMC9326420 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple immune cells and their products in the liver together form a complex and unique immune microenvironment, and preclinical models have demonstrated the importance of imbalances in the hepatic immune microenvironment in liver inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases. Various immunotherapies have been attempted to modulate the hepatic immune microenvironment for the purpose of treating liver diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a comprehensive and plastic immunomodulatory capacity. On the one hand, they have been tried for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases because of their excellent immunosuppressive capacity; On the other hand, MSCs have immune-enhancing properties in immunocompromised settings and can be modified into cellular carriers for targeted transport of immune enhancers by genetic modification, physical and chemical loading, and thus they are also used in the treatment of immunocompromised liver diseases such as chronic viral infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the immunological basis and recent strategies of MSCs for the treatment of the aforementioned liver diseases. Specifically, we update the immune microenvironment of the liver and summarize the distinct mechanisms of immune microenvironment imbalance in inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases, and how MSCs can fully exploit their immunotherapeutic role in liver diseases with both immune imbalance patterns.
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You H, Ma L, Wang X, Zhang F, Han Y, Yao J, Pan X, Zheng K, Kong F, Tang R. The emerging role of DEAD/H-box helicases in hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1062553. [PMID: 36506030 PMCID: PMC9732268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1062553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box helicases are an essential protein family with a conserved motif containing unique amino acid sequences (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His). Current evidence indicates that DEAD/H-box helicases regulate RNA metabolism and innate immune responses. In recent years, DEAD/H-box helicases have been reported to participate in the development of a variety of diseases, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is a significant risk factor for hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that different DEAD/H-box helicases play vital roles in the regulation of viral replication, based on the interaction of DEAD/H-box helicases with HBV and the modulation of innate signaling pathways mediated by DEAD/H-box helicases. Besides these, HBV can alter the expression and activity of DEAD/H-box helicases to facilitate its biosynthesis. More importantly, current investigation suggests that targeting DEAD/H-box helicases with appropriate compounds is an attractive treatment strategy for the virus infection. In this review, we delineate recent advances in molecular mechanisms relevant to the interplay of DEAD/H-box helicase and HBV and the potential of targeting DEAD/H-box helicase to eliminate HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Han
- First School of Clinical Medical, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
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Barnault R, Verzeroli C, Fournier C, Michelet M, Redavid AR, Chicherova I, Plissonnier ML, Adrait A, Khomich O, Chapus F, Richaud M, Hervieu M, Reiterer V, Centonze FG, Lucifora J, Bartosch B, Rivoire M, Farhan H, Couté Y, Mirakaj V, Decaens T, Mehlen P, Gibert B, Zoulim F, Parent R. Hepatic inflammation elicits production of proinflammatory netrin-1 through exclusive activation of translation. Hepatology 2022; 76:1345-1359. [PMID: 35253915 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Netrin-1 displays protumoral properties, though the pathological contexts and processes involved in its induction remain understudied. The liver is a major model of inflammation-associated cancer development, leading to HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS A panel of cell biology and biochemistry approaches (reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, reporter assays, run-on, polysome fractionation, cross linking immunoprecipitation, filter binding assay, subcellular fractionation, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) on in vitro-grown primary hepatocytes, human liver cell lines, mouse samples and clinical samples was used. We identify netrin-1 as a hepatic inflammation-inducible factor and decipher its mode of activation through an exhaustive eliminative approach. We show that netrin-1 up-regulation relies on a hitherto unknown mode of induction, namely its exclusive translational activation. This process includes the transfer of NTN1 (netrin-1) mRNA to the endoplasmic reticulum and the direct interaction between the Staufen-1 protein and this transcript as well as netrin-1 mobilization from its cell-bound form. Finally, we explore the impact of a phase 2 clinical trial-tested humanized anti-netrin-1 antibody (NP137) in two distinct, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/TLR3/TLR6-dependent, hepatic inflammatory mouse settings. We observe a clear anti-inflammatory activity indicating the proinflammatory impact of netrin-1 on several chemokines and Ly6C+ macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These results identify netrin-1 as an inflammation-inducible factor in the liver through an atypical mechanism as well as its contribution to hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Barnault
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Verzeroli
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Fournier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, University of Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Maud Michelet
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Rita Redavid
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ievgeniia Chicherova
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Plissonnier
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS CEA FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Olga Khomich
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Fleur Chapus
- Single Cell Dynamics Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mathieu Richaud
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maëva Hervieu
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Reiterer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Julie Lucifora
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Rivoire
- Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yohann Couté
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS CEA FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Valbona Mirakaj
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, University of Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Service of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Parent
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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39
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Campos-Valdez M, Feustel S, Monroy-Ramírez HC, Barrientos-Salcedo C, Ayón-Pérez MF, Ramos-Márquez ME, Fernández-Galindo DA, Silva-Gómez JA, Santos A, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Sánchez-Orozco LV. Influence of C107R mutation from hepatitis B virus genotype H on in vitro hepatitis B surface antigen detection and IFN-β-1a treatment. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Assess the in vitro effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype H (HBV/H) with the small surface HBV protein (HBs) C107R mutation on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and the response to IFN-β-1a treatment. Methods: HBV/H wild-type and HBs C107R variant replicons were constructed and transfected into hepatic stellate cells and/or Huh7 that were later treated with IFN-β-1a. HBsAg, HBV-DNA, pgRNA, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression was analyzed. 3D HBs structure from wild-type and C107R were foreseen by AlphaFold protein predictor, and IFN-β-1a antiviral effect was evaluated. Results: C107R mutation did not impact viral replication, but HBsAg serologic detection was affected. Wild-type and C107R similarly modified gene expression and responded to IFN-β-1a. Conclusion: C107R disrupts the Cys107/Cys138 disulfide bond and impairs HBsAg detection. Independently of the mutation, there were changes in TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and a medium response to IFN-β-1a treatment compared with genotype A and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Campos-Valdez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Sina Feustel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Carolina Barrientos-Salcedo
- Laboratorio de Química Médica y Quimiogenómica, Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Martha Eloísa Ramos-Márquez
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - David A Fernández-Galindo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Jorge Antonio Silva-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
| | - Arturo Santos
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45201, México
| | - Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45201, México
| | - Laura Verónica Sánchez-Orozco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, México
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40
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Wang L, Zhang G, Sun Y, Wu Z, Ren C, Zhang Z, Peng X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li C, Gao L, Liang X, Sun H, Cui J, Ma C. Enhanced Delivery of TLR7/8 Agonists by Metal-Organic Frameworks for Hepatitis B Virus Cure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46176-46187. [PMID: 36206454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major challenge to global health due to unsatisfactory treatment efficacy, side effects of current therapies, and immune tolerance. Toll-like receptors 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists have shown great potential in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cure, but systemic administration often induces severe side effects due to rapid dispersion into the microvasculature. Herein, we encapsulate an imidazoquinoline-based TLR7/8 agonist (IMDQ) into zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 nanoparticles (IMDQ@ZIF-8 NPs) for HBV immunotherapy. Compared with free IMDQ, IMDQ@ZIF-8 NPs efficiently accumulate in the liver and are selectively taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to enhanced APC activation and efficient viral elimination in HBV-infected models. Strikingly, MDQ@ZIF-8 NP treatment results in the obvious production of anti-HBs antibody and seroconversion in HBV-infected mice. Overall, this study on the convergence of a facile assembly approach and efficient therapeutic effects represents a promising strategy for HBV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, China
| | - Guiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Caiyue Ren
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xueqi Peng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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41
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Yang G, Wan P, Zhang Y, Tan Q, Qudus MS, Yue Z, Luo W, Zhang W, Ouyang J, Li Y, Wu J. Innate Immunity, Inflammation, and Intervention in HBV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:2275. [PMID: 36298831 PMCID: PMC9609328 DOI: 10.3390/v14102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the most dangerous viral illnesses. HBV infects around 257 million individuals worldwide. Hepatitis B in many individuals ultimately develops hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The innate immunity acts as the first line of defense against HBV infection through activating antiviral genes. Along with the immune responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines are triggered to enhance the antiviral responses, but this may result in acute or chronic liver inflammation, especially when the clearance of virus is unsuccessful. To a degree, the host innate immune and inflammatory responses dominate the HBV infection and liver pathogenesis. Thus, it is crucial to figure out the signaling pathways involved in the activation of antiviral factors and inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review the interplay between HBV and the signal pathways that mediates innate immune responses and inflammation. In addition, we summarize current therapeutic strategies for HBV infection via modulating innate immunity or inflammation. Characterizing the mechanisms that underlie these HBV-host interplays might provide new approaches for the cure of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiaoru Tan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Muhammad Suhaib Qudus
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yue
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Jianhua Ouyang
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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42
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Guy C, Bowie AG. Recent insights into innate immune nucleic acid sensing during viral infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102250. [PMID: 36209576 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of nucleic acid pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) sensing of viruses have revealed a previously unappreciated level of complexity of the host antiviral response. As well as direct recognition of viral nucleic acid by PRRs, viruses also induce the release of host nucleic acid from the nucleus and mitochondria into the cytosol, which boosts nucleic acid activation of antiviral PRRs. Crosstalk and cooperation between DNA- and RNA-recognition signaling pathways has also been revealed, as has direct restriction of viral genomes in an interferon-independent manner by PRRs, and new roles for inflammasomes in sensing viral nucleic acid. Further, newly identified viral-evasion strategies targeting PRR pathways emphasize the importance of nucleic acid detection during viral infection at the host-pathogen innate immune interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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43
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White MC, Wu X, Damania B. Oncogenic viruses, cancer biology, and innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102253. [PMID: 36240666 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies that arise as a result of viral infection account for roughly 15% of cancer cases worldwide. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against oncogenic viral infection and is also involved in the response against viral-driven tumors. In this review, we discuss research advances made over the last five years elucidating how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to oncogenic viruses, how these viruses have evolved to escape this immune pressure, and ways that innate immunity can inform the development of novel therapeutics against oncogenic viral infection and their associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C White
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinjun Wu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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44
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Ong HH, Andiappan AK, Duan K, Lum J, Liu J, Tan KS, Howland S, Lee B, Ong YK, Thong M, Chow VT, Wang DY. Transcriptomics of rhinovirus persistence reveals sustained expression of RIG-I and interferon-stimulated genes in nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Allergy 2022; 77:2778-2793. [PMID: 35274302 DOI: 10.1111/all.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are frequently associated with asthma exacerbations, and have been found in the airways of asthmatic patients. While HRV-induced acute infection is well-documented, it is less clear whether the nasal epithelium sustains prolonged HRV infections along with the associated activation of host immune responses. OBJECTIVE To investigate sustainably regulated host responses of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) during HRV persistence. METHODS Using a time-course study, HRV16 persistence and viral replication dynamics were established using an in vitro infection model of hNECs. RNA sequencing was performed on hNECs in the early and late stages of infection at 3 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. The functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was evaluated using gene ontology (GO) and Ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS HRV RNA and protein expression persisted throughout prolonged infections, even after decreased production of infectious virus progeny. GO analysis of unique DEGs indicated altered regulation of pathways related to ciliary function and airway remodeling at 3 dpi and serine-type endopeptidase activity at 14 dpi. The functional enrichment of shared DEGs between the two time-points was related to interferon (IFN) and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathways. Validation of the sustained regulation of candidate genes confirmed the persistent expression of RIG-I and revealed its close co-regulation with interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) during HRV persistence. CONCLUSIONS The persistence of HRV RNA does not necessarily indicate an active infection during prolonged infection. The sustained expression of RIG-I and ISGs in response to viral RNA persistence highlights the importance of assessing how immune-activating host factors can change during active HRV infection and the immune regulation that persists thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biosafety level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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45
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Xiong J, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Hu Y. CK1α upregulates the IFNAR1 expression to prompt the anti-HBV effect of type I IFN in hepatoma carcinoma cells. Virol Sin 2022; 37:894-903. [PMID: 35985475 PMCID: PMC9797371 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) mediates the phosphorylation and degradation of interferon-α/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) in response to viral infection. However, how CK1α regulates hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and the anti-HBV effects of IFN-α are less reported. Here we show that CK1α can interact with IFNAR1 in hepatoma carcinoma cells and increased the abundance of IFNAR1 by reducing the ubiquitination levels in the presence of HBV. Furthermore, CK1α promotes the IFN-α triggered JAK-STAT signaling pathway and consequently enhances the antiviral effects of IFN-α against HBV replication. Our results collectively provide evidence that CK1α positively regulates the anti-HBV activity of IFN-α in hepatoma carcinoma cells, which would be a promising therapeutic target to improve the effectiveness of IFN-α therapy to cure CHB.
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46
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Suresh M, Menne S. Recent Drug Development in the Woodchuck Model of Chronic Hepatitis B. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081711. [PMID: 36016334 PMCID: PMC9416195 DOI: 10.3390/v14081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for the increasing global hepatitis burden, with an estimated 296 million people being carriers and living with the risk of developing chronic liver disease and cancer. While the current treatment options for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including oral nucleos(t)ide analogs and systemic interferon-alpha, are deemed suboptimal, the path to finding an ultimate cure for this viral disease is rather challenging. The lack of suitable laboratory animal models that support HBV infection and associated liver disease progression is one of the major hurdles in antiviral drug development. For more than four decades, experimental infection of the Eastern woodchuck with woodchuck hepatitis virus has been applied for studying the immunopathogenesis of HBV and developing new antiviral therapeutics against CHB. There are several advantages to this animal model that are beneficial for performing both basic and translational HBV research. Previous review articles have focused on the value of this animal model in regard to HBV replication, pathogenesis, and immune response. In this article, we review studies of drug development and preclinical evaluation of direct-acting antivirals, immunomodulators, therapeutic vaccines, and inhibitors of viral entry, gene expression, and antigen release in the woodchuck model of CHB since 2014 until today and discuss their significance for clinical trials in patients.
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47
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Song J, Li M, Li C, Liu K, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Friend or foe: RIG- I like receptors and diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103161. [PMID: 35926770 PMCID: PMC9343065 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), which are pivotal sensors of RNA virus invasions, mediate the transcriptional induction of genes encoding type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines, successfully establishing host antiviral immune response. A few excellent reviews have elaborated on the structural biology of RLRs and the antiviral mechanisms of RLR activation. In this review, we give a basic understanding of RLR biology and summarize recent findings of how RLR signaling cascade is strictly controlled by host regulatory mechanisms, which include RLR-interacting proteins, post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, we pay particular attention to the relationship between RLRs and diseases, especially how RLRs participate in SARS-CoV-2, malaria or bacterial infections, how single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or mutations in RLRs and antibodies against RLRs lead to autoinflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases, and how RLRs are involved in anti-tumor immunity. These findings will provide insights and guidance for antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies targeting RLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Muyuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Caiyan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
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Mersinoglu B, Cristinelli S, Ciuffi A. The Impact of Epitranscriptomics on Antiviral Innate Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081666. [PMID: 36016289 PMCID: PMC9412694 DOI: 10.3390/v14081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitranscriptomics, i.e., chemical modifications of RNA molecules, has proven to be a new layer of modulation and regulation of protein expression, asking for the revisiting of some aspects of cellular biology. At the virological level, epitranscriptomics can thus directly impact the viral life cycle itself, acting on viral or cellular proteins promoting replication, or impacting the innate antiviral response of the host cell, the latter being the focus of the present review.
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Fung S, Choi HSJ, Gehring A, Janssen HLA. Getting to HBV cure: The promising paths forward. Hepatology 2022; 76:233-250. [PMID: 34990029 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic HBV infection is a global public health burden estimated to impact nearly 300 million persons worldwide. Despite the advent of potent antiviral agents that effectively suppress viral replication, HBV cure remains difficult to achieve because of the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), HBV-DNA integration into the host genome, and impaired immune response. Indefinite treatment is necessary for most patients to maintain level of viral suppression. The success of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C treatment has rejuvenated the search for a cure for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), though an HBV cure likely requires an additional layer: immunomodulators for restoration of robust immune responses. DAAs such as entry inhibitors, capsid assembly modulators, inhibitors of subviral particle release, cccDNA silencers, and RNA interference molecules have reached clinical development. Immunomodulators, namely innate immunomodulators (Toll-like receptor agonists), therapeutic vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are also progressing toward clinical development. The future of the HBV cure possibly lies in triple combination therapies with concerted action on replication inhibition, antigen reduction, and immune stimulation. Many obstacles remain, such as overcoming translational failures, choosing the right endpoint using the right biomarkers, and leveraging current treatments in combination regimens to enhance response rates. This review gives an overview of the current therapies for CHB, HBV biomarkers used to evaluate treatment response, and development of DAAs and immune-targeting drugs and discusses the limitations and unanswered questions on the journey to an HBV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fung
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah S J Choi
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Gehring
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The last few years have seen a resurgence of activity in the hepatitis B drug pipeline, with many compounds in various stages of development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in therapeutics for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We will discuss the broad spectrum of direct-acting antivirals in clinical development, including capsids inhibitors, siRNA, HBsAg and polymerase inhibitors. In addition, host-targeted therapies (HTT) will be extensively reviewed, focusing on the latest progress in immunotherapeutics such as toll-like receptors and RIG-1 agonists, therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoints modulators. A growing number of HTT in pre-clinical development directly target the key to HBV persistence, namely the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and hold great promise for HBV cure. This exciting area of HBV research will be highlighted, and molecules such as cyclophilins inhibitors, APOBEC3 deaminases and epigenetic modifiers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Phillips
- Institute of Hepatology Foundation for Liver Research London UK, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London, UK
| | - Ravi Jagatia
- Institute of Hepatology Foundation for Liver Research London UK, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology Foundation for Liver Research London UK, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London, UK
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