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Xiong M, Chen Z, Tian J, Peng Y, Song D, Zhang L, Jin Y. Exosomes derived from programmed cell death: mechanism and biological significance. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:156. [PMID: 38424607 PMCID: PMC10905887 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles present in bodily fluids that mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules, thereby regulating a range of physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes can be secreted from nearly all cell types, and the biological function of exosomes is heterogeneous and depends on the donor cell type and state. Recent research has revealed that the levels of exosomes released from the endosomal system increase in cells undergoing programmed cell death. These exosomes play crucial roles in diseases, such as inflammation, tumors, and autoimmune diseases. However, there is currently a lack of systematic research on the differences in the biogenesis, secretion mechanisms, and composition of exosomes under different programmed cell death modalities. This review underscores the potential of exosomes as vital mediators of programmed cell death processes, highlighting the interconnection between exosome biosynthesis and the regulatory mechanisms governing cell death processes. Furthermore, we accentuate the prospect of leveraging exosomes for the development of innovative biomarkers and therapeutic strategies across various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiong
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Jiaqi Tian
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Yanjie Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan, 250001, China.
| | - Yulan Jin
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Coal Health and Safety, Tangshan, 063000, China.
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Zhang S, Hu W, Lv C, Song X. Biogenesis and Function of circRNAs in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:395-409. [PMID: 39005062 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232284076240207073542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a class of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases caused by many pathogenic factors inside and outside the lung, with unknown mechanisms and without effective treatment. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism implicated in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis is urgently needed to develop new and effective measures. Although circRNAs have been widely acknowledged as new contributors to the occurrence and development of diseases, only a small number of circRNAs have been functionally characterized in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we systematically review the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs and focus on how circRNAs participate in pulmonary fibrogenesis by influencing various cell fates. Meanwhile, we analyze the current exploration of circRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker, vaccine, and therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis and objectively discuss the challenges of circRNA- based therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. We hope that the review of the implication of circRNAs will provide new insights into the development circRNA-based approaches to treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, China
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He X, Li C, Yin H, Tan X, Yi J, Tian S, Wang Y, Liu J. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibited the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells caused by ARDS through CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9060-9070. [PMID: 35301927 PMCID: PMC9161978 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2052652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and have been observed to have potential therapeutic potential in the clinical treatment of various diseases. We pretreated lung cancer cells A549 with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), knocked down the key chemokine receptor CXCR4 on MSCs using lentivirus, and induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mouse model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CXCL12 expression in vivo by adeno-associated virus (AAV-rh10) infection in mice. By co-culturing the MSCs with A549 and in vivo experiments, we observed the effects of MSCs on cell biological functions after inflammatory stimulation, oxidative stress, and the amelioration of lung injury in ARDS mice. TNF-α inhibited A549 proliferation and promoted apoptosis, scorch death-related factor activity, and oxidative stress factor were increased and CXCL12 levels in the cell supernatant were decreased. The co-culture of MSCs was able to increase cell activity and decrease oxidative stress factor levels, and this effect was not present after the knockdown of CXCR4 in MSCs. In vivo transplantation of MSCs significantly attenuated lung injury in ARDS, inhibited serum pro-inflammatory factors in mice, and down-regulated expression of apoptotic and focal factors in lung tissues while blocking CXCR4 or CXCL12 lost the repairing effect of MSCs on ARDS lung tissues. After the co-culture of MSC and lung cancer cells, the expression of CXCR4 on the surface of lung cancer cells was significantly increased, and more CXCR4 and CXCL12 acted together to activate more pro-survival pathways and inhibit apoptosis induced by TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Yi
- Xiangtan Central Hospital
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Zhang S, Chen H, Yue D, Blackwell TS, Lv C, Song X. Long non-coding RNAs: Promising new targets in pulmonary fibrosis. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3318. [PMID: 33533071 PMCID: PMC7988597 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring in the lungs with poor prognosis and treatment. It is caused by various factors, including environmental and occupational exposures, and some rheumatic immune diseases. Even the rapid global spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic can also cause pulmonary fibrosis with a high probability. Functions attributed to long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) make them highly attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets in fibroproliferative diseases. Therefore, an understanding of the specific mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate pulmonary fibrotic pathogenesis is urgently needed to identify new possibilities for therapy. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and implications of lncRNAs targeted protein‐coding and non‐coding genes during pulmonary fibrogenesis, and systematically analyze the communication of lncRNAs with various types of RNAs, including microRNA, circular RNA and mRNA. Finally, we propose the potential approach of lncRNA‐based diagnosis and therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. We hope that understanding these interactions between protein‐coding and non‐coding genes will contribute to the development of lncRNA‐based clinical applications for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Dayong Yue
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
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