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Ashique S, Mishra N, Mohanto S, Garg A, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Gowda BJ, Chellappan DK. Application of artificial intelligence (AI) to control COVID-19 pandemic: Current status and future prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25754. [PMID: 38370192 PMCID: PMC10869876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the everyday livelihood of people has been monumental and unparalleled. Although the pandemic has vastly affected the global healthcare system, it has also been a platform to promote and develop pioneering applications based on autonomic artificial intelligence (AI) technology with therapeutic significance in combating the pandemic. Artificial intelligence has successfully demonstrated that it can reduce the probability of human-to-human infectivity of the virus through evaluation, analysis, and triangulation of existing data on the infectivity and spread of the virus. This review talks about the applications and significance of modern robotic and automated systems that may assist in spreading a pandemic. In addition, this study discusses intelligent wearable devices and how they could be helpful throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, M.P, 483001, India
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B.H. Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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Ghanbari Naeini L, Abbasi L, Karimi F, Kokabian P, Abdi Abyaneh F, Naderi D. The Important Role of Interleukin-2 in COVID-19. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:7097329. [PMID: 37649897 PMCID: PMC10465260 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7097329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is controversial literature about the effects of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine family in COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunity. So we aimed to identify the potential in the role of the IL-2 family in COVID-19. A narrative review search was done through online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search deadline was up to December 2022. We applied no time limits for the searching strategy. After retrieving articles from the databases, the authors summarized the data into two data extraction tables. The first data extraction table described the changes in the IL-2 cytokine family in COVID-19 and the second table described the therapeutic interventions targeting IL-2 family cytokines. The results of the literature on the role of the IL-2 cytokine family do not show a singular rule. IL-2 cytokine family can change during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some studies suggest that IL-2 cytokine family rise during the infection and cause severe inflammatory response and cytokine storm. These cytokines are shown to be increased in immunocompromised patients and worsen their prognosis. In individuals without underlying disease, the upregulation of the IL-2 family shows the clinical outcome of the disease and rises with disease severity. However, some other studies show that these cytokines do not significantly change. IL-2 cytokine family is mostly upregulated in healthy individuals who had vaccination, but immunocompromised patients did not show significant changes after a single dose of vaccines, which shows that these patients need booster doses for efficient immunity. IL-2 cytokine family can also be used as immunotherapy agents in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laleh Abbasi
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Pajman Kokabian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Delaram Naderi
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Nature against Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review on Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4708527. [PMID: 35310030 PMCID: PMC8926515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4708527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia, and hypertension can result in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a major cause of blindness on a global scale. Development of DR is associated with decreased endothelial cells, increased basal membrane thickness, permeation of the retinal blood barrier, and neovascularization in patients. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the findings regarding applications of phytochemicals for DR treatment and could be a beneficial resource for further clinical studies and also a basis for pharmaceutical purposes for drug design. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was performed from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to analyze the effects of different phytochemicals to prevent or treat oxidation, angiogenesis, and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The inclusion criteria were original studies, which included the effects of different phytochemicals on diabetic retinopathy. The exclusion criteria included studies other than original articles, studies which assessed the effects of phytochemicals on nondiabetic retinopathy, and studies which used phytochemical-rich extracts. Results and Conclusions. Studies have shown that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic, and oxidative stress factors are involved in the progression and pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, phytochemicals with their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties can prevent DR progression and retinal damage through various cellular mechanisms. It is also shown that some phytochemicals can simultaneously affect the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis in DR.
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Khandan M, Khazeei Tabari MA, Samieefar N, Rezaei N. COVID-19, from infection to cancer. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022224. [PMID: 36300235 PMCID: PMC9686159 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i5.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanna Khandan
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, USERN Office, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dhankhar P, Dalal V, Kumar V. Screening of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors Using Computational Approach. J Comput Biol 2021; 28:1228-1247. [PMID: 34847746 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2020.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has manifested itself as a global crisis. Currently, no specific treatment options are available for COVID-19, so therapeutic interventions to tackle the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection must be urgently established. Therefore, cohesive and multidimensional efforts are required to identify new therapies or investigate the efficacy of small molecules and existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Since the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP) of SARS-CoV-2 is a promising therapeutic target, this study addresses the identification of antiviral molecules that can specifically target SARS-CoV-2 RdRP. The computational approach of drug development was used to screen the antiviral molecules from two antiviral libraries (Life Chemicals [LC] and ASINEX) against RdRP. Here, we report six antiviral molecules (F3407-4105, F6523-2250, F6559-0746 from LC and BDG 33693278, BDG 33693315, LAS 34156196 from ASINEX), which show substantial interactions with key amino acid residues of the active site of SARS-CoV-2 RdRP and exhibit higher binding affinity (>7.5 kcalmol-1) than Galidesivir, an Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitor of the same. Further, molecular dynamics simulation and Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area results confirmed that identified molecules with RdRP formed higher stable RdRP-inhibitor(s) complex than RdRP-Galidesvir complex. Our findings suggest that these molecules could be potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RdRP. However, further in vitro and preclinical experiments would be required to validate these potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Viney Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
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Lagoutte-Renosi J, Allemand F, Ramseyer C, Yesylevskyy S, Davani S. Molecular modeling in cardiovascular pharmacology: Current state of the art and perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:985-1007. [PMID: 34863931 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modeling in pharmacology is a promising emerging tool for exploring drug interactions with cellular components. Recent advances in molecular simulations, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new opportunities for rationalizing drug interactions with their pharmacological targets. Despite the obvious utility and increasing impact of computational approaches, their development is not progressing at the same speed in different fields of pharmacology. Here, we review current in silico techniques used in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cardiological drug discovery, and assessment of cardiotoxicity. In silico techniques are paving the way to a new era in cardiovascular medicine, but their use somewhat lags behind that in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lagoutte-Renosi
- EA 3920 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie-CHU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Florentin Allemand
- EA 3920 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Ramseyer
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Semen Yesylevskyy
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France; Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Sve. 46, Kyiv, Ukraine; Receptor.ai inc, 16192 Coastal Highway, Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Siamak Davani
- EA 3920 Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie-CHU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France.
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MotieGhader H, Safavi E, Rezapour A, Amoodizaj FF, Iranifam RA. Drug repurposing for coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on gene co-expression network analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21872. [PMID: 34750486 PMCID: PMC8576023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly contagious viral respiratory illness. This illness is spurred on by a coronavirus known as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first detected in Asia in late February 2003. The genome of this virus is very similar to the SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the study of SARS-CoV disease and the identification of effective drugs to treat this disease can be new clues for the treatment of SARS-Cov-2. This study aimed to discover novel potential drugs for SARS-CoV disease in order to treating SARS-Cov-2 disease based on a novel systems biology approach. To this end, gene co-expression network analysis was applied. First, the gene co-expression network was reconstructed for 1441 genes, and then two gene modules were discovered as significant modules. Next, a list of miRNAs and transcription factors that target gene co-expression modules' genes were gathered from the valid databases, and two sub-networks formed of transcription factors and miRNAs were established. Afterward, the list of the drugs targeting obtained sub-networks' genes was retrieved from the DGIDb database, and two drug-gene and drug-TF interaction networks were reconstructed. Finally, after conducting different network analyses, we proposed five drugs, including FLUOROURACIL, CISPLATIN, SIROLIMUS, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and METHYLDOPA, as candidate drugs for SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus treatment. Moreover, ten miRNAs including miR-193b, miR-192, miR-215, miR-34a, miR-16, miR-16, miR-92a, miR-30a, miR-7, and miR-26b were found to be significant miRNAs in treating SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib MotieGhader
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Safavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezapour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Firouzi Amoodizaj
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Asl Iranifam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Thus far, in 2021, 219 countries with over 175 million people have been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus, and is the causal agent for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Due to the urgency of the situation, virtual screening as a computational modeling method offers a fast and effective modality of identifying drugs that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. There has been an overwhelming abundance of molecular docking against SARS-CoV-2 in the last year. Due to the massive volume of computational studies, this systematic review has been created to evaluate and summarize the findings of existing studies. Herein, we report on computational articles of drugs which target, (1) viral protease, (2) Spike protein-ACE 2 interaction, (3) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and (4) other proteins and nonstructural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the studies presented, there are 55 identified natural or drug compounds with potential anti-viral activity. The next step is to show anti-viral activity in vitro and translation to determine effectiveness into human clinical trials.
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Khazeei Tabari MA, Iranpanah A, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. Flavonoids as Promising Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Mechanistic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3900. [PMID: 34202374 PMCID: PMC8271800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly diagnosed coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19) has affected all human activities since its discovery. Flavonoids commonly found in the human diet have attracted a lot of attention due to their remarkable biological activities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the benefits of flavonoids in COVID-19 disease. Previously-reported effects of flavonoids on five RNA viruses with similar clinical manifestations and/or pharmacological treatments, including influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and Ebola, were considered. Flavonoids act via direct antiviral properties, where they inhibit different stages of the virus infective cycle and indirect effects when they modulate host responses to viral infection and subsequent complications. Flavonoids have shown antiviral activity via inhibition of viral protease, RNA polymerase, and mRNA, virus replication, and infectivity. The compounds were also effective for the regulation of interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and sub-cellular inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and Jun N-terminal kinases. Baicalin, quercetin and its derivatives, hesperidin, and catechins are the most studied flavonoids in this regard. In conclusion, dietary flavonoids are promising treatment options against COVID-19 infection; however, future investigations are recommended to assess the antiviral properties of these compounds on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Kermanshah USERN Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1417653761, Iran;
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1417653761, Iran;
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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A computational approach for the screening of potential antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2 protease: Ionic liquid vs herbal and natural compounds. J Mol Liq 2021; 326:115298. [PMID: 33518856 PMCID: PMC7832122 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current scenario across the globe shows unprecedented healthcare and an economic crisis due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a pandemic stage worldwide because of the high mortality and morbidity rate caused by novel infection disease. There have been several clinical trials and identification underway to find a treatment of this novel virus. For the treatment of severe infection involves the blocking of the replication of its CoV-2 protein. Hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir has been used on an emergency basis for its treatment. The uncontrolled infection and increasing death rate underline the emergence to develop the antiviral drug. In our study, the blind docking of various classes of compounds including control antiviral drugs (abacavir, acyclovir, quinoline, hydroxyquinoline), antimicrobial drugs (levofloxacin, amoxicillin, cloxacin, ofloxacin), natural compounds (lycorine, saikosaponins, myricetin, amentaflavone), herbal compounds (silymarin, palmatine, curcumin, eugenin) available in Indian Ayurveda was done. Besides, we have also performed the blind docking of various ionic liquids (ILs) such as pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, pyridinium, imidazolium based ILs against CoV-2 protease as they have recently emerged as a potential antimicrobial agent. Further, the pharmacokinetic properties and cytotoxicity of the compounds were determined computationally. The docking results showed successful binding to the active site or near a crucial site. The present computational approach was found helpful to predict the best possible inhibitor of protease and may result in an effective therapeutic agent against COVID-19.
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