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Lionetti F, Spinelli M, Moscardino U, Ponzetti S, Garito MC, Dellagiulia A, Aureli T, Fasolo M, Pluess M. The interplay between parenting and environmental sensitivity in the prediction of children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors during COVID-19. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1390-1403. [PMID: 35256026 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of parenting and environmental sensitivity on children's behavioral adjustment during, and immediately after, the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions was investigated in two longitudinal studies involving Italian preschoolers (Study 1, N = 72; 43% girls, Myears = 3.82(1.38)) and primary school children (Study 2, N = 94; 55% girls, Myears = 9.08(0.56)). Data were collected before and during the first-wave lockdown (Studies 1 and 2) and one month later (Study 1). Parental stress and parent-child closeness were measured. Markers of environmental sensitivity in children were temperamental fearfulness and Sensory Processing Sensitivity. Results showed little change in externalizing and internalizing behaviors over time, but differences emerged when considering parenting and children's environmental sensitivity. In preschoolers, greater parenting stress was related to a stronger increase in internalizing and externalizing behaviors, with children high in fearful temperament showing a more marked decrease in externalizing behaviors when parenting stress was low. In school-aged children, parent-child closeness emerged as a protective factor for internalizing and externalizing behaviors during COVID-19, with children high in Sensory Processing Sensitivity showing a marked decrease in internalizing behaviors when closeness was high. Implications for developmental theory and practice in times of pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lionetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Studies, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Italy
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Maria Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Studies, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Italy
| | - Ughetta Moscardino
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ponzetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Studies, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Garito
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Studies, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Aureli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Studies, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Italy
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Studies, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Italy
| | - Michael Pluess
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Madrid M, Bojalil R, Brianza-Padilla M, Zapoteco-Nava J, Márquez-Velasco R, Rivera-González R. The molecular profile of the inflammatory process differs among various neurodevelopmental disorders with or without cognitive component: A hypothesis of persistent systemic dysfunction and hyper-resolution. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1132175. [PMID: 37152315 PMCID: PMC10157392 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1132175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Challenges of diverse origin in childhood can alter the growth and development of the central nervous system, affecting structures and functions. As a consequence of the damage suffered during the perinatal period, long periods of dysfunctionality may occur, such as regulatory disorders, which may result in remaining in a process of low-grade inflammation. We previously found that perinatal risks and neurological signs are associated with long-term changes in circulating concentrations of molecules of the inflammatory process, findings that are consistent with the postulate that long periods of dysfunction may condition long-lasting low-grade inflammation or parainflammation. The aim of this study was to assess whether different expressions of neurological disorders show variations in their inflammatory molecule profiles or whether there is a common pattern. Methods We included screening for (a) caregiver-perceived risk detection of regulatory disturbances, using the DeGangi instrument; (b) dysautonomia or asymmetries, through neurodevelopmental assessments; (c) cognitive developmental disturbances (using the Bailey instrument). We assessed protein molecules on a multiplex system, and lipid molecules by ELISA. Results We found a similar, although not identical, pattern of cytokine profiles with the presence of risk of regulatory disturbances, dysautonomia and asymmetries; but an opposite inflammatory profile was associated with cognitive impairment. Discussion Our results suggest that there are diverse, probably limited, molecular footprints associated with impaired function, and that these footprints may depend on the response requirements necessary to adjust to the altered internal environment. Here we propose a theoretical model that suggests possible scenarios for inflammatory outcomes associated with chronic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Madrid
- Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bojalil
- Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: Rafael Bojalil
| | | | - Jasbet Zapoteco-Nava
- Neurodevelopmental Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yuan W, Tamm L, Harpster K, Altaye M, Illapani VSP, Parikh NA. Effects of intraventricular hemorrhage on white matter microstructural changes at term and early developmental outcomes in infants born very preterm. Neuroradiology 2021; 63:1549-1561. [PMID: 33830309 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Very preterm (VPT) infants are at high risk for motor and behavioral deficits. We investigated microstructural differences using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) among VPT infants with different grades of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), their association with early motor function and temperament ratings, and the potential moderating effect of IVH severity on the above structure-function relations. METHODS Fifty-seven VPT (≤32 weeks gestational age) infants with IVH (Low Grade (Papile grading I/II): 42; High Grade (III/IV): 15) were studied. DTI was acquired between 39 and 44 weeks postmenstrual age and was analyzed using the tract-based spatial statistics approach. Early motor function and temperament were assessed at 3-month corrected age based on the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) and Infant Behavioral Questionnaire - Revised, Short Version (IBQ-R-S), respectively. RESULTS Significantly lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean, axial, and/or radial diffusivity were found in VPT infants with High Grade IVH compared to Low Grade IVH (p < 0.05). Significant associations were found between DTI metrics and motor function in both IVH groups and between DTI and Fear temperament ratings in the High Grade IVH Group (all p < 0.05). IVH severity had a significant moderating effect on the relation between DTI and motor and Fear ratings (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION DTI is a sensitive neuroimaging biomarker providing a refined understanding of the impact and location of differing severities of IVH on the developing white matter of VPT infants. Early motor and behavioral outcomes are associated with microstructural changes that are influenced by severity of IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen Harpster
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Nehal A Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Spinelli M, Aureli T, Coppola G, Ponzetti S, Lionetti F, Scialpi V, Fasolo M. Verbal - prosodic association when narrating early caregiving experiences during the adult attachment interview: differences between secure and dismissing individuals. Attach Hum Dev 2020; 24:93-114. [PMID: 33346702 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1860348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported an inconsistency between verbal extracts and emotional physiological activation in dismissing individuals when narrating their early caregiving experience at the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). This study aimed to explore this discrepancy by analyzing the degree of concordance between verbal content and prosodic characteristics, index of physiological activation, when dismissing and secure individuals discuss negative childhood memories during the AAI. Results showed that secure participants presented a high coherence between verbal content and emotional activation, as expressed by prosody, revealing a reprocess of negative experiences that is the core feature of the development of secure working models. In contrast, dismissing participants' prosodic characteristics were discrepant with the verbal content. These individuals downplayed the nature and impact of negative experiences and emotions, but used a prosody that revealed a high emotional arousal. The difference between the two groups was more evident for participants who had experienced more rejecting parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tiziana Aureli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabrielle Coppola
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Ponzetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Lionetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Scialpi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Tamm L, Patel M, Peugh J, Kline-Fath BM, Parikh NA. Early brain abnormalities in infants born very preterm predict under-reactive temperament. Early Hum Dev 2020; 144:104985. [PMID: 32163848 PMCID: PMC7577074 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early temperament may mediate the association between brain abnormalities following preterm birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. AIMS This exploratory study investigated whether brain abnormalities in infants born very preterm predicted temperament. STUDY DESIGN Infants born prematurely underwent structural MRI at term. Mother self-reported depression symptoms at the scanning visit, and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised-Short (IBQ-R-S) about their infant at 3-months corrected age. SUBJECTS Infants (n = 214) born at ≤32 weeks gestation (M = 29.29, SD = 2.60). Average post-menstrual age at the MRI scan was 42.72 weeks (SD = 1.30). The majority of the infants were male (n = 115), and Caucasian (n = 145) or African American (n = 58). The average birthweight in grams was 1289.75 (SD = 448.5). OUTCOME MEASURES Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised-Short (IBQ-R-S) subscales. RESULTS Multivariate regression showed white matter abnormalities predicted lower ratings on High Intensity Pleasure and Vocal Reactivity, grey matter abnormalities predicted lower ratings on High Intensity Pleasure and Cuddliness, and cerebellar abnormalities predicted lower ratings on Fear and Sadness IBQ-R-S subscales adjusting for gestational age and sex. The pattern of results was essentially unchanged when maternal depression and socioeconomic status were included in the model. CONCLUSIONS Early MRI-diagnosed brain abnormalities in infants born very preterm were associated less vocalization and engagement during cuddling, decreased ability to take pleasure in stimulating activities, and lower emotionality in fear and sadness domains. Although replication is warranted, an under-reactive temperament in infants born preterm may have a neurobiological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Tamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Meera Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America.
| | - James Peugh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Beth M. Kline-Fath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America,Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America
| | - Nehal A. Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America,Correspondence to: N.A. Parikh, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Med. Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America.
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Factors that Predict Infant Temperament: A Jordanian Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:e45-e49. [PMID: 31421919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to test the association between infant temperament and factors such as socioeconomic status, infant age, breastfeeding, and marital satisfaction. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 278 Arabic speaking Jordanian women with infants in their first year of life from three health centers in Irbid, Jordan. The temperament of the infant was assessed using the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ), a 20-item tool where the mothers were asked to provide a rating of infant behavior on a 5-point scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25. RESULTS Descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics of the participants. Multiple regressions showed a significant model of factors that correlate to infant temperament (F = 2.930, p = .01); having assistance to care for the infant (B = 3.058, p = .019), marital satisfaction (B = -0.127, p = .049), and infant feeding method (B = 0.147, p = .016) were the only significant predictors for infant temperament. CONCLUSION Marital satisfaction, feeding method, and assistance in caring for the infant are factors that predict infant temperament. Moreover, some aspects of these factors are modifiable. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses should be aware of the factors that are associated with infant temperament so that they can teach the family, 'teachers' in daycare centers, and the public about potential moderators of infant temperament.
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Spinelli M, Fasolo M, Shah PE, Genovese G, Aureli T. The Influence of Early Temperament on Language Development: The Moderating Role of Maternal Input. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1527. [PMID: 30210387 PMCID: PMC6121009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperament is an individual aspect that strictly affects infants and children engagement with the environment and it is supposed to play a role in the acquiring of new competences. Several studies focused on the possible influence of temperament in the process of language acquisition in early childhood reporting not consistent findings. Since maternal input is a variable that has been widely associated with infant language development this longitudinal study aimed to explore the role of the quality of maternal input in the temperament-language association. We hypothesized that the longitudinal association between early infant temperament and language production is moderated by the quality of maternal input during the first year of life. Infant temperament at 3 months and maternal linguistic input (lexical diversity and syntactic complexity) during spontaneous mother–infant interactions at 6, 9, and 12 months were assessed. Language competences were evaluated at the end of the second year: language production at 18 months with the CDI and child syntactic complexity at 24 months during spontaneous speech. Results showed significant moderating effects of syntactic complexity and lexical variability of maternal input at 6 and 9 months on the association of duration of orienting abilities and later language production. Infants with greater attentional abilities and with mothers who spoke to them with a more complex and variable input showed the better language outcomes. The association between infant distress to limitations and child language was not moderated by maternal input. No effects were found when considering the temperamental scale smile and laugher. Attentional control temperamental characteristics could help the infant to be more focus on maternal input throughout the first year of life and could consequently facilitate language development. Our findings underlined the necessity to explore infant development considering the interaction between individual and contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Prachi E Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Giuliana Genovese
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Aureli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Gartstein MA, Putnam S, Kliewer R. Do Infant Temperament Characteristics Predict Core Academic Abilities in Preschool-Aged Children? LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016; 45:299-306. [PMID: 26949323 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Examined relationships between temperament, measured via parent report at 4 months and structures laboratory observations at 12 months of age, and a school readiness battery administered at about 4 years of age (N=31). Scores on the School Readiness Assessment of the Bracken Basic Concept Scale (BBCS) were related to infant Positive Affectivity/Surgency (PAS), with infants described as demonstrating higher levels of PAS at 4 months of age later demonstrating greater school readiness in the domains of color, letter, and number skills. Regulatory Capacity/Orienting (RCO) at 4 months also predicted color skills, with more regulated infants demonstrating superior pre-academic functioning in this area. Analyses involving laboratory observations of temperament provided additional information concerning the importance of infant Positive Affectivity/Surgency, predictive of overall letter skills and overall school-readiness scores later in childhood. Results are discussed in the context of implications for theory and research, as well as early education settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gartstein
- Washington State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 644820, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA; (509) 335-4651
| | - Sam Putnam
- Bowdoin College, Department of Psychology, 6900 College Station, Brunswick ME 04011, USA; (207) 725-3152
| | - Rachel Kliewer
- Washington State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 644820, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA; (509) 335-4651
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