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Buso C, Zanini P, Titotto S. Bioinspired design proposal for a new external bone fixator device. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35100569 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The article presents a new medical device through an authorial and interdisciplinary approach. It consists of a flexible external fixator, whose flexible property may bring advantages over rigid mechanisms. Its design was inspired by the DNA biological mechanism of condensation, while the modeling was based on the pseudo-rigid modeling technique. From the models obtained, this study conducted prototyping and computational tests to obtain a proof-of-concept of the bioinspired theory and dynamic functioning effectiveness. The prototyping relied on hot glue manufacturing and the computational simulations consisted of linear static analysis. The experimental analysis concluded that the prototype with fewer beams and thinner beams delivered better results in all three parameters: flexibility, height variation and rotation arc. In the computational analysis, among the design models with the variation of the number of beams, the model with 8 beams performed better. Concerning thickness variation, the one whose beams measured 8mm in thickness showed better results. Among the models with length variation, the design made with 100 mm long beams better equilibrated the parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Buso
- 4D Printing and Biomimetics (4DB) Research Group, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001 - Bangú, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-170, BRAZIL
| | - Plinio Zanini
- 4D Printing and Biomimetics (4DB) Research Group, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001 - Bangú, Santo Andre, SP, 09210-170, BRAZIL
| | - Silvia Titotto
- 4D Printing and Biomimetics (4DB) Research Group, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001 - Bangú, Santo Andre, 09210-170, BRAZIL
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fracture fixation aims to provide stability and promote healing, but remains challenging in unstable and osteoporotic fractures with increased risk of construct failure and nonunion. The first part of this article reviews the clinical motivation behind finite element analysis of fracture fixation, its strengths and weaknesses, how models are developed and validated, and how outputs are typically interpreted. The second part reviews recent modeling studies of the femur and proximal humerus, areas with particular relevance to fragility fractures. RECENT FINDINGS There is some consensus in the literature around how certain modeling aspects are pragmatically formulated, including bone and implant geometries, meshing, material properties, interactions, and loads and boundary conditions. Studies most often focus on predicted implant stress, bone strain surrounding screws, or interfragmentary displacements. However, most models are not rigorously validated. With refined modeling methods, improved validation efforts, and large-scale systematic analyses, finite element analysis is poised to advance the understanding of fracture fixation failure, enable optimization of implant designs, and improve surgical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | | | - Hwabok Wee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J Spence Reid
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Peter Varga
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E H Scott
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Pankaj Pankaj
- School of Engineering University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Chloros GD, Howard A, Giordano V, Giannoudis PV. Radiographic Long Bone Fracture Healing Scores: Can they predict non-union? Injury 2020; 51:1693-1695. [PMID: 32718464 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George D Chloros
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Howard
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Giordano
- Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Ivorra-Martinez J, Quiles-Carrillo L, Boronat T, Torres-Giner S, A. Covas J. Assessment of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injection-Molded Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Parts for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1389. [PMID: 32575881 PMCID: PMC7362193 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] was reinforced with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) to produce novel nanocomposites for potential uses in bone reconstruction. Contents of nHA in the 2.5-20 wt % range were incorporated into P(3HB-co-3HHx) by melt compounding and the resulting pellets were shaped into parts by injection molding. The addition of nHA improved the mechanical strength and the thermomechanical resistance of the microbial copolyester parts. In particular, the addition of 20 wt % of nHA increased the tensile (Et) and flexural (Ef) moduli by approximately 64% and 61%, respectively. At the highest contents, however, the nanoparticles tended to agglomerate, and the ductility, toughness, and thermal stability of the parts also declined. The P(3HB-co-3HHx) parts filled with nHA contents of up to 10 wt % matched more closely the mechanical properties of the native bone in terms of strength and ductility when compared with metal alloys and other biopolymers used in bone tissue engineering. This fact, in combination with their biocompatibility, enables the development of nanocomposite parts to be applied as low-stress implantable devices that can promote bone reconstruction and be reabsorbed into the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.I.-M.); (L.Q.-C.); (T.B.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.I.-M.); (L.Q.-C.); (T.B.)
| | - Teodomiro Boronat
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.I.-M.); (L.Q.-C.); (T.B.)
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - José A. Covas
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
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Xie S, Conlisk N, Hamilton D, Scott C, Burnett R, Pankaj P. Metaphyseal cones in revision total knee arthroplasty: The role of stems. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:162-172. [PMID: 32431807 PMCID: PMC7229340 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.94.bjr-2019-0239.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Metaphyseal tritanium cones can be used to manage the tibial bone loss commonly encountered at revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). Tibial stems provide additional fixation and are generally used in combination with cones. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the stems in the overall stability of tibial implants when metaphyseal cones are used for rTKA. Methods This computational study investigates whether stems are required to augment metaphyseal cones at rTKA. Three cemented stem scenarios (no stem, 50 mm stem, and 100 mm stem) were investigated with 10 mm-deep uncontained posterior and medial tibial defects using four loading scenarios designed to mimic activities of daily living. Results Small micromotions (mean < 12 µm) were found to occur at the bone-implant interface for all loading cases with or without a stem. Stem inclusion was associated with lower micromotion, however these reductions were too small to have any clinical significance. Peak interface micromotion, even when the cone is used without a stem, was too small to effect osseointegration. The maximum difference occurred with stair descent loading. Stress concentrations in the bone occurred around the inferior aspect of each implant, with the largest occurring at the end of the long stem; these may lead to end-of-stem pain. Stem use is also found to result in stress shielding in the bone along the stem. Conclusion When a metaphyseal cone is used at rTKA to manage uncontained posterior or medial defects of up to 10 mm depth, stem use may not be necessary. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):162–172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiao Xie
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Noel Conlisk
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Hamilton
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Scott
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Burnett
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pankaj Pankaj
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Xie S, Manda K, Pankaj P. Effect of loading frequency on deformations at the bone-implant interface. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:1219-1225. [PMID: 31560261 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919877970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study considers the time-dependent behaviour of bone in the context of loosening of metal implants, which is one of the typical complications of joint replacement and fracture-fixation surgeries. We employed viscoelastic properties developed from our previous experimental studies for trabecular bone in a representative bone-implant construct, which was subjected to cyclic loading at varying loading frequencies. We found that the separation between the bone and the implant is a function of loading frequency and increases with number of loading cycles applied. Our analysis shows that at the start of cyclic loading, a higher frequency results in a lower displacement response of bone at the bone-implant interface; however, after the bone-implant system has been subjected to a large number of cycles (>500 cycles in this study), higher interfacial displacements are observed at higher loading frequencies. In other words, higher loading frequencies will not result in bone-implant separation if limited number of cycles are applied. In all cases, interfacial displacements increase as bone volume ratio decreases. This simple approach can be used to evaluate the mechanical environment in bone-implant systems due to cyclic loading which commonly used time-independent models that are unable to simulate. The approach can also be used to evaluate implant loosening due to cyclic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiao Xie
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Krishnagoud Manda
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Pankaj Pankaj
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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