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Jiang J, Teunens T, Tisaun J, Denuit L, Moucheron C. Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes and Their Use as Probes and Photoreactive Agents for G-quadruplexes Labelling. Molecules 2022; 27:1541. [PMID: 35268640 PMCID: PMC8912042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their optical and electrochemical properties, ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have been used in a wide array of applications. Since the discovery of the light-switch ON effect of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ when interacting with DNA, the design of new Ru(II) complexes as light-up probes for specific regions of DNA has been intensively explored. Amongst them, G-quadruplexes (G4s) are of particular interest. These structures formed by guanine-rich parts of DNA and RNA may be associated with a wide range of biological events. However, locating them and understanding their implications in biological pathways has proven challenging. Elegant approaches to tackle this challenge relies on the use of photoprobes capable of marking, reversibly or irreversibly, these G4s. Indeed, Ru(II) complexes containing ancillary π-deficient TAP ligands can create a covalently linked adduct with G4s after a photoinduced electron transfer from a guanine residue to the excited complex. Through careful design of the ligands, high selectivity of interaction with G4 structures can be achieved. This allows the creation of specific Ru(II) light-up probes and photoreactive agents for G4 labelling, which is at the core of this review composed of an introduction dedicated to a brief description of G-quadruplex structures and two main sections. The first one will provide a general picture of ligands and metal complexes interacting with G4s. The second one will focus on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the interactions and (photo)reactions of Ru(II) complexes with G4s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jiang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50-CP 160/08, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.J.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50-CP 160/08, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.J.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (L.D.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Tisaun
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50-CP 160/08, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.J.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura Denuit
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50-CP 160/08, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.J.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50-CP 160/08, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.J.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (L.D.)
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Xu X, Wang S, Mi Y, Zhao H, Zheng Z, Zhao X. A hydroxyquinoline-appended ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl complex that induces and stabilizes G-quadruplex DNA. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1548703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Yaxuan Mi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Huaqian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Zebao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, P.R. China
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A dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex as an inducer and potential luminescent switch-on probe for G-quadruplex DNA. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhao XL, Zhao HQ, Xu XX, Li ZS, Wang KZ. Inducement and stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA by a thiophene-containing dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1322694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Hua-Qian Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Xue-Xue Xu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
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Wang X, Pei L, Fan X, Shi S. [Ru(L) 2 (3-tppp)] 2+ (L = bpy, phen) stabilizes two different forms of the human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Interaction of metallacrown complexes with G-quadruplex DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 155:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lu XH, Shi S, Yao JL, Gao X, Huang HL, Yao TM. Two structurally analogous ruthenium complexes as naked-eye and reversible molecular "light switch" for G-quadruplex DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:64-71. [PMID: 25063909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A pair of symmetrical furyl based ruthenium(II) complexes ([Ru(phen)2dpq-df](2+) (1) and [Ru(bpy)2dpq-df](2+) (2) (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, dpq-df=dipyrido (3,2-a:2',3'-c) quinoxaline-difuran) have been prepared and characterized. The binding properties of both complexes toward G-quadruplex DNA have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assays and molecular docking studies. The experimental results indicated that both Ru-complexes exhibited a remarkable "light switch" effect in the presence of hybrid G-quadruplex DNA. Interestingly, the "light switch" can be repeated off and on through the successive addition of Cu(2+) ions and EDTA, and all these behaviors can be observed even by the naked eyes. Moreover, FRET melting assay revealed that both complexes could be potential stabilizers for G-quadruplex architectures. The computational studies not only confirmed that the two complex molecules bound to one G-quadruplex DNA molecule, but also explained the "light switch" effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jun-Liang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hai-Liang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian-Ming Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Cao Y, Shi S, Wang L, Yao J, Yao T. Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of heparin based on quantum dots and a functional ruthenium polypyridyl complex. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 55:174-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yu HJ, Yu L, Hao ZF, Zhao Y. Interactions of ruthenium complexes containing indoloquinoline moiety with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 124:187-193. [PMID: 24486786 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplex structures are attractive targets for the development of anticancer drugs, as their formation in human telomere could impair telomerase activity, thus inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Vast majority of G-quadruplex binding molecules have been designed and synthesized. Ruthenium complexes have also been reported to induction or stabilization of G-quadruplex structure of human telomeric sequence, whereas most of them generally promote the formation of antiparallel or hybrid-type G-quadruplex structure. Ruthenium complex that selectively promotes the formation of parallel G-quadruplex structure has rarely been reported. We reported here the interaction of two ruthenium complexes [Ru(bpy)2(mitatp)](2+)1 and [Ru(phen)2(mitatp)](2+)2 (bpy=2,2' bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, mitatp=5-methoxy-isatino[1,2-b]-1,4,8,9-tetraazatriphenylene) containing indoloquinoline moiety with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA (Telo22). Complex 1 binds to Telo22 tightly via a stable π-π stacking interaction and efficiently stabilizes the G-quadruplex structure. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra titration results suggest that complex 1 could induce Telo22 to fold into antiparallel G-quadruplex conformation. Complex 2 exhibits moderate G-quadruplex binding and stabilizing ability, while CD titration data reveals that complex 2 could promote the formation of parallel G-quadruplex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-juan Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Lin Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhi-feng Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Targeting human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA and inhibition of telomerase activity with [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2](4+). PLoS One 2013; 8:e84419. [PMID: 24386376 PMCID: PMC3874006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of telomerase by inducing/stabilizing G-quadruplex formation is a promising strategy to design new anticancer drugs. We synthesized and characterized a new dinuclear complex [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2]4+ (dmb = 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine, obip = (2-(2-pyridyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) with high affinity for both antiparallel and mixed parallel / antiparallel G-quadruplex DNA. This complex can promote the formation and stabilize G-quadruplex DNA. Dialysis and TRAP experiments indicated that [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2]4+ acted as an excellent telomerase inhibitor due to its obvious selectivity for G-quadruplex DNA rather than double stranded DNA. In vitro co-culture experiments implied that [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2]4+ inhibited telomerase activity and hindered cancer cell proliferation without side effects to normal fibroblast cells. TUNEL assay indicated that inhibition of telomerase activity induced DNA cleavage further apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, RuII complex represents an exciting opportunity for anticancer drug design by specifically targeting cancer cell G-quadruplexes DNA.
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Shi S, Wang X, Sun W, Wang X, Yao T, Ji L. Label-free fluorescent DNA biosensors based on metallointercalators and nanomaterials. Methods 2013; 64:305-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Binding properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) triplex: the ancillary ligand effect on third-strand stabilization. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 18:71-80. [PMID: 23111627 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The binding properties of [RuL(2)(mip)](2+) {where L is 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrollne (4,7-dmp) and mip is 2'-(3",4"-methylenedioxyphenyl)imidazo[4',5'-f][1,10]phenanthroline} with regard to the triplex RNA poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) were investigated using various biophysical techniques and quantum chemistry calculations. In comparison with [Ru(4,7-dmp)(2)(mip)](2+), remarkably higher binding affinity of [Ru(phen)(2)(mip)](2+) for the triplex RNA poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) was achieved by changing the ancillary ligands. The stabilization of the Hoogsteen-base-paired third strand was improved by about 10.9 °C by [Ru(phen)(2)(mip)](2+) against 6.6 °C by [Ru(4,7-dmp)(2)(mip)](2+). To the best of our knowledge, [Ru(phen)(2)(mip)](2+) is the first metal complex able to raise the third-strand stabilization of poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) from 37.5 to 48.4 °C. The results reveal that the ancillary ligands have an important effect on third-strand stabilization of the triplex RNA poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) when metal complexes contain the same intercalative ligands.
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