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Yolsal U, Shaw PJ, Lowy PA, Chambenahalli R, Garden JA. Exploiting Multimetallic Cooperativity in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters and Ethers. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1050-1074. [PMID: 38269042 PMCID: PMC10804381 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of multimetallic complexes is a rapidly advancing route to enhance catalyst performance in the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and ethers. Multimetallic catalysts often outperform their monometallic analogues in terms of reactivity and/or polymerization control, and these improvements are typically attributed to "multimetallic cooperativity". Yet the origins of multimetallic cooperativity often remain unclear. This review explores the key factors underpinning multimetallic cooperativity, including metal-metal distances, the flexibility, electronics and conformation of the ligand framework, and the coordination environment of the metal centers. Emerging trends are discussed to provide insights into why cooperativity occurs and how to harness cooperativity for the development of highly efficient multimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Yolsal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe A. Lowy
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Garden
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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2
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Chen Y, Li B, Wang Y, Zhu X, Yuan D, Yao Y. Synthesis of Mono- and Dinuclear Aluminum Complexes Bearing Aromatic Amino-Phenolato Ligands: A Comparative Study in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21247-21256. [PMID: 38053396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear aluminum methyl complexes bearing aromatic diamine-bridged tetra(phenolato) ligands and the mononuclear aluminum methyl complex with the phenylamine-bridged bis(phenolato) ligand have been synthesized and characterized. Structure determination revealed that the Al-Al distances in these dinuclear aluminum complexes are tunable by the choice of the suitable aromatic backbone of the diamine-bridged tetra(phenolato) ligands. The catalytic behaviors of these mono- and dinuclear aluminum complexes for cyclohexene oxide (CHO) polymerization were investigated. The activities of these dinuclear Al complexes were observed to increase with the decrease of Al-Al distances, and the dinuclear Al complexes appeared to have better catalytic activity than the mononuclear Al complex, even if the Al-Al distance is as long as 9.401 Å. Dinuclear aluminum complex 2, with the shortest Al-Al distance (7.236 Å), showed the highest activity toward CHO polymerization with TOFs up to 6460 h-1 in neat CHO at 30 °C. Furthermore, comparative kinetic studies revealed that the polymerization is first-order for CHO concentration, and the reaction orders for initiator concentration are different for the mono- and dinuclear Al complexes. The polymerization mechanism study revealed that both the methyl and phenolate groups were involved in the initiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Maurya MR, MAURYA SK, Kumar NR, Avecilla F, Gupta PRAM. Synthesis of Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) Complexes of N,N,N’,N’‐Tetrakis(2‐Hydroxyl‐3,5‐Disubstitutedbenzyl)‐1,2‐Diaminoethane, Their Trans‐metalation to Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes and catalytic Application. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mannar R. Maurya
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247 667 Roorkee INDIA
| | | | - Naveen Ram Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Chemistry Department of Chemistry 247 667 Roorkee INDIA
| | | | - Puneet RAM Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Chemistry IIT Roorkee 247667 Roorkee INDIA
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4
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Liu Y, Dawe LN, Kozak CM. Bimetallic and trimetallic zinc amino-bis(phenolate) complexes for ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13699-13710. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Di- and trinuclear zinc complexes of an amino-bis(phenolate) ligand show good lactide polymerization activity in both solution and melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| | - Louise N. Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Wilfrid Laurier University
- Waterloo
- Canada
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Aluminum Complexes Based on Tridentate Amidoalkoxide NNO-Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Osorio Meléndez D, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A, Rojas RS, Otero A. Ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization of cyclic esters catalyzed by amidinate aluminum complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danay Osorio Meléndez
- Nucleus Millennium Chemical Processes and Catalysis (CPC); Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - José A. Castro-Osma
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia; Albacete 02071 Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Ciudad Real 13071 Spain
| | - René S. Rojas
- Nucleus Millennium Chemical Processes and Catalysis (CPC); Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Antonio Otero
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Ciudad Real 13071 Spain
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Chen L, Li W, Yuan D, Zhang Y, Shen Q, Yao Y. Syntheses of Mononuclear and Dinuclear Aluminum Complexes Stabilized by Phenolato Ligands and Their Applications in the Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone: A Comparative Study. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4699-708. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake
Campus, Soochow University, Hengyi Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake
Campus, Soochow University, Hengyi Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake
Campus, Soochow University, Hengyi Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake
Campus, Soochow University, Hengyi Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake
Campus, Soochow University, Hengyi Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake
Campus, Soochow University, Hengyi Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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Plommer H, Reim I, Kerton FM. Ring-opening polymerization of cyclohexene oxide using aluminum amine–phenolate complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12098-102. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00220f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Al(iii) catalysts at concentrations as low as 0.001% ring-open cyclohexene oxide to yield high molecular weight polyether with narrow dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hart Plommer
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
| | - Immanuel Reim
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
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