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Yang H, Yang X, Zhang Q, Lu D, Wang W, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liu X, Zhang A, Liu Q, Jiang G. Precisely Identifying the Sources of Magnetic Particles by Hierarchical Classification-Aided Isotopic Fingerprinting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9770-9781. [PMID: 38781163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic particles (MPs), with magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) as the most abundant species, are ubiquitously present in the natural environment. MPs are among the most applied engineered particles and can be produced incidentally by various human activities. Identification of the sources of MPs is crucial for their risk assessment and regulation, which, however, is still an unsolved problem. Here, we report a novel approach, hierarchical classification-aided stable isotopic fingerprinting, to address this problem. We found that naturally occurring, incidental, and engineered MPs have distinct Fe and O isotopic fingerprints due to significant Fe/O isotope fractionation during their generation processes, which enables the establishment of an Fe-O isotopic library covering complex sources. Furthermore, we developed a three-level machine learning model that not only can distinguish the sources of MPs with a high precision (94.3%) but also can identify the multiple species (Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3) and synthetic routes of engineered MPs with a precision of 81.6%. This work represents the first reliable strategy for the precise source tracing of particles with multiple species and complex sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Huazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Myrovali E, Papadopoulos K, Charalampous G, Kesapidou P, Vourlias G, Kehagias T, Angelakeris M, Wiedwald U. Toward the Separation of Different Heating Mechanisms in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12955-12967. [PMID: 37065034 PMCID: PMC10099415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) is a promising method for cancer treatment using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which are subjected to an alternating magnetic field for local heating to the therapeutic range of 41-45 °C. In this window, the malignant regions (i.e., cancer cells) undergo a severe thermal shock while healthy tissues sustain this thermal regime with significantly milder side effects. Since the heating efficiency is directly associated with nanoparticle size, MNPs should acquire the appropriate size to maximize heating together with minimum toxicity. Herein, we report on facile synthetic controls to synthesize MNPs by an aqueous precipitation method, whereby tuning the pH values of the solution (9.0-13.5) results in a wide range of average MNP diameters from 16 to 76 nm. With respect to their size, the structural and magnetic properties of the MNPs are evaluated by adjusting the most important parameters, i.e. the MNP surrounding medium (water/agarose), the MNP concentration (1-4 mg mL-1), and the field amplitude (20-50 mT) and frequency (103, 375, 765 kHz). Consequently, the maximum heating efficiency is determined for each MNP size and set of parameters, outlining the optimum MNPs for MPH treatment. In this way, we can address the different heat generation mechanisms (Brownian, Néel, and hysteresis losses) to different sizes and separate Brownian and hysteresis losses for optimized sizes by studying the heat generation as a function of the medium viscosity. Finally, MNPs immobilized into agarose solution are studied under low-field MPH treatment to find the optimum conditions for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Myrovali
- School
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- MagnaCharta,
Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Kyrillos Papadopoulos
- School
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- MagnaCharta,
Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Georgia Charalampous
- School
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kesapidou
- School
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - George Vourlias
- School
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Thomas Kehagias
- School
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Makis Angelakeris
- School
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- MagnaCharta,
Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Ulf Wiedwald
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47048, Germany)
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Abstract
This study is focused on the treatment of waste sludge from a zinc chloride production in order to prepare iron-rich pigments usable for a production of glazes. In galvanizing plants, yellow waste sludge containing significant amount of ZnO, Cl, and Fe2O3, is formed. This raw waste sludge cannot be used as a pigment in glaze. Therefore, three methods of treating this material were proposed: (a) washing with H2O, (b) calcination at 180 °C and washing by H2O, and (c) calcination at 900 °C and washing by H2O. These methods helped to reduce Zn and Cl content up to 97%. According to X-ray fluorescence analysis percentage of Fe2O3 increased from ~41% to ~98%. X-ray power diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of α-Fe2O3 (hematite) in the pigment prepared. Scanning electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed clusters of rounded particles, and also the change in size of particles after calcination was observed. Particle size, specific surface area, and density measurements together with thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses were performed. Pigments prepared from the waste sludge were added to transparent glaze in amounts of 1, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%. Pigment-containing glazes were applied by spraying on fired ceramic tiles and then fired at 1060 °C. Color of glazes was determined by (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) CIE L*a*b* coordinates as colorless, light brown shades, brown-red, brown-yellow, and deep red-brown. Comparison with colors of glazes prepared using commercial pigments was also performed. Waste sludge can be used to prepare pigments and glazes containing pigments as an alternative to commercial products.
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