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Ahn HJ, Kim KS, Shin KW, Lim KH, Kim JO, Lee JY, Kim J, Park JH, Yang KM, Baek KH, Ko JJ, Park KS. Ell3 stabilizes p53 following CDDP treatment via its effects on ubiquitin-dependent and -independent proteasomal degradation pathways in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44523-37. [PMID: 26540344 PMCID: PMC4792573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is unstable in quiescent cells and undergoes proteosomal degradation. Under conditions of cellular stress, p53 is rapidly stabilized by post-translational modification, thereby escaping degradation and translocating to the nucleus where it activates genes related to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Here, we report that the transcription elongation factor Ell3 sensitizes luminal type-cancer cell line, MCF7, which have wild-type p53, to the chemotherapeutic agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) by stabilizing p53. Overexpression of Ell3 in MCF7 cells suppressed the MDM2-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. In addition, Ell3 promoted binding of p53 to NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1, which is linked to the ubiquitin-independent degradation of p53. We found that Ell3 activates interleukin-20 (IL20) expression, which is linked to the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Chemical inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling or molecular suppression of IL20 revealed that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and IL20 are the main causes of p53 stabilization in Ell3-overexpressing MCF7 cells. These findings suggest that the ERK1/2 pathway can be targeted in the rational development of therapies to induce chemosensitization of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ock Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiewan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SJ, Cho SC, Lee EJ, Kim S, Lee SB, Lim JH, Choi YH, Kim WJ, Moon SK. Interleukin-20 promotes migration of bladder cancer cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated MMP-9 protein expression leading to nuclear factor (NF-κB) activation by inducing the up-regulation of p21(WAF1) protein expression. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:5539-52. [PMID: 23271730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.410233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-20 (IL-20) has not yet been studied in cancer biology. Here, we demonstrated up-regulation of both IL-20 and IL-20R1 in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. The expressions of IL-20 and IL-20R1 were observed in bladder cancer 5637 and T-24 cells. We found that IL-20 significantly increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 via binding activity of NF-κB and AP-1 in bladder cancer cells and stimulated the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling. Among the pathways examined, only ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 significantly inhibited IL-20-induced migration and invasion. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of IL-20R1 suppressed migration, invasion, ERK1/2 activation, and NF-κB-mediated MMP-9 expression induced by IL-20. Unexpectedly, the cell cycle inhibitor p21(WAF1) was induced by IL-20 treatment without altering cell cycle progression. Blockade of p21(WAF1) function by siRNA reversed migration, invasion, activation of ERK signaling, MMP-9 expression, and activation of NF-κB in IL-20-treated cells. In addition, IL-20 induced the activation of IκB kinase, the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα, and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, which was regulated by ERK1/2. IL-20 stimulated the recruitment of p65 to the MMP-9 promoter region. Finally, the IL-20-induced migration and invasion of cells was confirmed by IL-20 gene transfection and by addition of anti-IL-20 antibody. This is the first report that p21(WAF1) is involved in ERK1/2-mediated MMP-9 expression via increased binding activity of NF-κB, which resulted in the induction of migration in IL-20/IL-20R1 dyad-induced bladder cancer cells. These unexpected results might provide a critical new target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, South Korea
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Lee SJ, Lee EJ, Kim SK, Jeong P, Cho YH, Yun SJ, Kim S, Kim GY, Choi YH, Cha EJ, Kim WJ, Moon SK. Identification of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with muscle invasive bladder cancer; the roles of IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40267. [PMID: 22962576 PMCID: PMC3433484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We used gene expression profiling to identify inflammatory cytokines that correlate with bladder cancer development. Gene expression profiles of the tissue samples were investigated using cDNA microarrays that contained 103 non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC), 62 muscle invasive bladder cancers (MIBC), 58 samples of histologically normal-looking surrounding tissues, and 10 normal, healthy subjects who served as the control cohort for comparison. We grouped the data-sets according to biological characterizations and focused on immune response genes with at least 2-fold differential expression in MIBC vs. controls. The experimental data-set identified 36 immune-related genes that were significantly altered in MIBC samples. In addition, 10 genes were up-regulated and 26 genes were down-regulated in MIBC samples compared with the normal tissues. Among the 10 up-regulated molecules examined, the capacity for both wound-healing migration and invasion was enhanced in response to IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A in bladder cancer cell lines (253J and EJ cells), compared with untreated cells. The expression levels of IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A were increased in patients with MIBC. All 3 cytokines and their receptors were produced in bladder cancer cell lines, as determined by real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis and confocal immunofluorescence. Up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was found after IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A stimulation in both cell types. Moreover, an EMSA assay showed that treatment with IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A induced activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 that regulate the MMP-9 promoter. Finally, activation of MAPK and Jak-Stat signaling was observed after the addition of IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A to bladder cancer cells. This study suggests the presence of specific inflammatory cytokine (IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A)-mediated association in bladder cancer development. All 3 cytokines may be important new molecular targets for the modulation of migration and invasion in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Eo-Jin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Pildu Jeong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Cho
- Juseong Gene Therapy R&D Center, Juseong University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sangtae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jong Cha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
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Baird AM, Gray SG, O’Byrne KJ. IL-20 is epigenetically regulated in NSCLC and down regulates the expression of VEGF. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1908-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Truelove AL, Oleksyk TK, Shrestha S, Thio CL, Goedert JJ, Donfield SM, Kirk GD, Thomas DL, O’Brien SJ, Smith MW. Evaluation of IL10, IL19 and IL20 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection outcome. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:255-64. [PMID: 18479293 PMCID: PMC2874896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global health problem despite the availability of a highly effective vaccine. Approximately 5% of HBV-infected adults develop chronic hepatitis B, which may result in liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Variants of interleukin-10 (IL10) have been previously associated with chronic hepatitis B infection and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; n = 42) from the IL10, IL19 and IL20 gene regions were examined for an association with HBV infection outcome, either chronic or recovered, in a nested case-control study of African Americans and European Americans. Among African Americans, three nominally statistically significant SNP associations in IL10, two in IL20, and one haplotype association were observed with different HBV infection outcomes (P = 0.005-0.04). A SNP (rs1518108) in IL20 deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in African Americans, with a large excess of heterozygotes in chronic HBV-infected cases (P = 0.0006), which suggests a strong genetic effect. Among European Americans, a nominally statistically significant SNP association in IL20 and an IL20 haplotype were associated with HBV recovery (P = 0.01-0.04). These results suggest that IL10 and IL20 gene variants influence HBV infection outcome and encourage the pursuit of further studies of these cytokines in HBV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L. Truelove
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Taras K. Oleksyk
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Chloe L. Thio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - James J. Goedert
- Viral Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI-Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Gregory D. Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael W. Smith
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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Hunt DWC, Boivin WA, Fairley LA, Jovanovic MM, King DE, Salmon RA, Utting OB. Ultraviolet B light stimulates interleukin-20 expression by human epithelial keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 82:1292-300. [PMID: 16709143 DOI: 10.1562/2005-08-31-ra-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-20 (IL-20) may exert the majority of its activity in the skin. We examined the effect of various treatments including several forms of phototherapy on IL-20 expression using cultured normal human epithelial keratinocytes (NHEK). Broadband UVB light, recombinant (r) IL-1 and rIL-8 increased, while hydrocortisone reduced, NHEK supernatant IL-20 levels. Elevation of NHEK IL-20 mRNA and maximal supernatant IL-20 levels occurred with a UVB light dose (40 mJ cm(-2)) that reduced cell viability by approximately 50%. While this UVB light dose also elevated supernatant IL-1 alpha and IL-8 levels, antibody neutralization studies indicated that neither of these cytokines was directly responsible for this increase in IL-20 expression. However, the elevation in IL-20 levels was fully inhibited by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB-203580, suggesting involvement of this stress signaling pathway in this UVB light response. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the photosensitizer lemuteporfin, UVA light, cisplatin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) either had little effect or decreased NHEK supernatant IL-20 levels. Reduced IL-20 levels paralleled the cytotoxic actions of PDT, UVA light or cisplatin and the antiproliferative effect of rIFN-gamma. Neither rIL-20 supplementation nor anti-IL-20 antibody treatments affected cell viability indicating that soluble IL-20 did not affect the short-term survival of UVB light-irradiated NHEK. Stimulation of IL-20 expression in keratinocytes by UVB light suggests that this cytokine might participate in skin responses to this ever-present environmental factor and potentially has a role in UV light-associated dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W C Hunt
- Scientific Affairs: Dermatology, QLT, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Hsing CH, Ho CL, Chang LY, Lee YL, Chuang SS, Chang MS. Tissue microarray analysis of interleukin-20 expression. Cytokine 2006; 35:44-52. [PMID: 16908179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the biological functions and clinical implications of interleukin (IL)-20, a recently discovered cytokine in the IL-10 family, is still incomplete. Our aim was to determine the distribution of IL-20 expression and to delineate the cell types that express IL-20 in healthy and neoplastic tissue, because this information will significantly affect the exploration of its pathophysiological roles. We used tissue microarray technology and an immunohistochemical survey using an anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody to examine IL-20 expression in 36 non-neoplastic and 14 neoplastic tissues. IL-20 protein was positively stained in 30 non-neoplastic tissue types and five major cell types: epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and skeletal muscle cells. We also found that several types of tumor cells stained positive for IL-20, especially in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, tongue, esophagus, and lung. Our data provide valuable references for further investigation of the biological functions and clinical implications of IL-20 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Otkjaer K, Kragballe K, Funding AT, Clausen JT, Noerby PL, Steiniche T, Iversen L. The dynamics of gene expression of interleukin-19 and interleukin-20 and their receptors in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2006; 153:911-8. [PMID: 16225599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-19 are recently discovered members of the IL-10 family of cytokines. The skin of transgenic mice overexpressing IL-20 shows histological changes resembling some of those seen in psoriasis, i.e. thickened epidermis, hyperkeratosis and a compact stratum corneum. IL-19 and IL-20, as well as their receptor complexes, IL-20Ralpha/IL-20Rbeta and IL-22Ralpha/IL-20Rbeta, are expressed in human skin. OBJECTIVES To study the dynamics of IL-19 and IL-20 gene expression as well as the expression of their receptor subunits in psoriatic skin lesions. METHODS Punch biopsies from patients with plaque-type psoriasis were collected before, during and after 28 days of treatment with either calcipotriol or ciclosporin (CsA). IL-20, IL-19, IL-20Ralpha, IL-20Rbeta and IL-22Ralpha mRNA expression were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found IL-19 and IL-20 mRNA expression in lesional psoriatic skin to be strongly upregulated compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin by a factor of 65 and 22, respectively. In contrast to previous reports, IL-20Ralpha and IL-20Rbeta mRNA levels showed a modest but statistically significant decrease in lesional psoriatic skin compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin. During treatment with calcipotriol or CsA, IL-19 and IL-20 mRNA levels decrease in accordance with the clinical improvement of psoriasis. Neither IL-19, IL-20, nor receptor subunit mRNA expression in lesional psoriatic skin reaches the levels of nonlesional skin during this short-term treatment. These findings are in line with the residual disease activity observed at the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The increased IL-19 and IL-20 mRNA expression levels in lesional psoriatic skin suggest that these two cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. An imbalance in the receptor complexes for IL-19 and IL-20 might contribute to their suspected pathogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otkjaer
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus Hospital, P.P. Ørumsgade 11, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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