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Shi J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fan H, Wang H, Li X, Xu B, Qiang J, Pan E, Chu M, Dong J, Dong Z. Ameliorative Effect of Malvidin on Spleen Injury in LPS-Induced Sepsis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201161. [PMID: 37391875 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, one of the most destructive diseases in the world, is a syndrome of systemic inflammatory response caused by the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria into the body. Malvidin is one of the most widespread anthocyanins, and its significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been widely reported. However, the effect of Malvidin on sepsis and related complications is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms of Malvidin's potential protection from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced spleen injury model of sepsis. In the LPS-induced mouse spleen injury model of sepsis, pretreatment with Malvidin was performed to assess morphological damage in spleen tissue and to detect the expression of mRNA levels of serum necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6, and IL-10. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL technique, and the levels of oxidative stress-related oxidase and antioxidant enzymes were measured by kit to assess the effect of Malvidin on inflammation and oxidative stress associated with septic spleen injury. The results of this study indicated that Malvidin was be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, The Second People's 13, Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Baoshi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingchao Qiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Enzhuang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Mingyi Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Zibo Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
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Fux AC, Casonato Melo C, Michelini S, Swartzwelter BJ, Neusch A, Italiani P, Himly M. Heterogeneity of Lipopolysaccharide as Source of Variability in Bioassays and LPS-Binding Proteins as Remedy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098395. [PMID: 37176105 PMCID: PMC10179214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also referred to as endotoxin, is the major component of Gram-negative bacteria's outer cell wall. It is one of the main types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are known to elicit severe immune reactions in the event of a pathogen trespassing the epithelial barrier and reaching the bloodstream. Associated symptoms include fever and septic shock, which in severe cases, might even lead to death. Thus, the detection of LPS in medical devices and injectable pharmaceuticals is of utmost importance. However, the term LPS does not describe one single molecule but a diverse class of molecules sharing one common feature: their characteristic chemical structure. Each bacterial species has its own pool of LPS molecules varying in their chemical composition and enabling the aggregation into different supramolecular structures upon release from the bacterial cell wall. As this heterogeneity has consequences for bioassays, we aim to examine the great variability of LPS molecules and their potential to form various supramolecular structures. Furthermore, we describe current LPS quantification methods and the LPS-dependent inflammatory pathway and show how LPS heterogeneity can affect them. With the intent of overcoming these challenges and moving towards a universal approach for targeting LPS, we review current studies concerning LPS-specific binders. Finally, we give perspectives for LPS research and the use of LPS-binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Fux
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Cristiane Casonato Melo
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sara Michelini
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin J Swartzwelter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 1601 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andreas Neusch
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Himly
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Gianazza E, Eberini I, Palazzolo L, Miller I. Hemolymph proteins: An overview across marine arthropods and molluscs. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104294. [PMID: 34091091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this compilation we collect information about the main protein components in hemolymph and stress the continued interest in their study. The reasons for such an attention span several areas of biological, veterinarian and medical applications: from the notions for better dealing with the species - belonging to phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, and to phylum Mollusca - of economic interest, to the development of 'marine drugs' from the peptides that, in invertebrates, act as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and/or antiviral agents. Overall, the topic most often on focus is that of innate immunity operated by classes of pattern-recognition proteins. SIGNIFICANCE: The immune response in invertebrates relies on innate rather than on adaptive/acquired effectors. At a difference from the soluble and membrane-bound immunoglobulins and receptors in vertebrates, the antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and/or antiviral agents in invertebrates interact with non-self material by targeting some common (rather than some highly specific) structural motifs. Developing this paradigm into (semi) synthetic pharmaceuticals, possibly optimized through the modeling opportunities offered by computational biochemistry, is one of the lessons today's science may learn from the study of marine invertebrates, and specifically of the proteins and peptides in their hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria.
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Potential role of a series of lysine-/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Biochem J 2018; 475:3687-3706. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum killing activities against bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and several parasites via cell membrane permeation and exhibit primarily immunomodulatory and anti-infective functions in their interactions with host cells. However, the mechanism underlying their anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. L-K6, an analog of temporin-1CEb isolated from the skin secretion of Rana chensinensis, has demonstrated a wide range of antimicrobial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the potent anti-inflammatory mechanism of L-K6 and its analogs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophage U937 cells were evaluated. We found that L-K6 suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors by two downstream signaling components in the MyD88-dependent pathway, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the NF (nuclear factor)-κB signaling pathway, but its analog L-K5, which had the same amino acid sequence as L-K6 but no Lys residue at the –COOH terminal, only inhibited the phosphorylation of I-κB and NF-κB. Importantly, L-K6 and L-K5 were actively taken up by U937 cells through an independent cell membrane disruption mechanism and were eventually localized to the perinuclear region. The L-K6 uptake process was mediated by endocytosis, but L-K5 was specifically taken up by U937 cells via TLR4 endocytosis. Our results demonstrated that L-K6 can neutralize LPS and diassociate LPS micelles to inhibit LPS from triggering the proinflammatory signaling pathway, and by partially inhibiting inflammatory responses by the intracellular target. However, L-K5 may mainly inhibit proinflammatory responses by intracellular reporters to modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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5
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Li D, Yang Y, Tian Z, Lv J, Sun F, Wang Q, Liu Y, Xia P. Synergistic antibiotic effect of looped antimicrobial peptide CLP-19 with bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55958-55966. [PMID: 28915566 PMCID: PMC5593537 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of drug-resistant infections is complicated and the alarming rise in infectious diseases poses a unique challenge for development of effective therapeutic strategies. Antibiotic-induced liberation of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may have immediate adverse effects promoting septic shock in patients. In the present study, we first confirmed our previous finding that looped antimicrobial peptide CLP-19 exerts non-specific direct antibacterial activity with no toxic to mammalian cells and second revealed that CLP-19 has synergistic effect to enhance the antibacterial activities of other conventional bactericidal (ampicillin and ceftazidime) and bacteriostatic (erythromycin and levofloxacin) agents. Third, the underlying mechanism of antibiotic effect was likely associated with stimulation of hydroxyl radical generation. Lastly, CLP-19 was shown to effectively reduce the antibiotic-induced liberation of LPS, through direct neutralization of the LPS. Thus, CLP-19 is a potential therapeutic agent for combinatorial antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiyuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yang Y, Li D, Tian Z, Lv J, Sun F, Wang Q, Liu Y, Xia P. Looped limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide derived peptide CLP-19 induces endotoxin tolerance involved inhibition of NF-κB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:486-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Brandenburg K, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Lohner K. Peptides with dual mode of action: Killing bacteria and preventing endotoxin-induced sepsis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:971-9. [PMID: 26801369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections, with the most severe form being sepsis, can often not be treated adequately leading to high morbidity and lethality of infected patients in critical care units. In particular, the increase in resistant bacterial strains and the lack of new antibiotics are main reasons for the worsening of the current situation, As a new approach, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seems to be promising, combining the ability of broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and low potential of induction of resistance. Peptides based on natural defense proteins or polypeptides such as lactoferrin, Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (LALF), cathelicidins, and granulysins are candidates due to their high affinity to bacteria and to their pathogenicity factors, in first line lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative origin. In this review, we discuss literature with the focus on the use of AMPs from natural sources and their variants as antibacterial as well as anti-endotoxin (anti-inflammatory) drugs. Considerable progress has been made by the design of new AMPs for acting efficiently against the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in vitro as well as in vivo (mouse) models of sepsis. Furthermore, the data indicate that efficient antibacterial compounds are not necessarily equally efficient as anti-endotoxin drugs and vice versa. The most important reason for this may be the different molecular geometry of LPS in bacteria and in free form. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Div. of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Wilmar Correa
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Div. of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz, Austria
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8
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Schmitt P, Rosa RD, Destoumieux-Garzón D. An intimate link between antimicrobial peptide sequence diversity and binding to essential components of bacterial membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:958-70. [PMID: 26498397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are widespread in the living kingdom. They are key effectors of defense reactions and mediators of competitions between organisms. They are often cationic and amphiphilic, which favors their interactions with the anionic membranes of microorganisms. Several AMP families do not directly alter membrane integrity but rather target conserved components of the bacterial membranes in a process that provides them with potent and specific antimicrobial activities. Thus, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and the peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II are targeted by a broad series of AMPs. Studying the functional diversity of immune effectors tells us about the essential residues involved in AMP mechanism of action. Marine invertebrates have been found to produce a remarkable diversity of AMPs. Molluscan defensins and crustacean anti-LPS factors (ALF) are diverse in terms of amino acid sequence and show contrasted phenotypes in terms of antimicrobial activity. Their activity is directed essentially against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria due to their specific interactions with Lipid II or Lipid A, respectively. Through those interesting examples, we discuss here how sequence diversity generated throughout evolution informs us on residues required for essential molecular interaction at the bacterial membranes and subsequent antibacterial activity. Through the analysis of molecular variants having lost antibacterial activity or shaped novel functions, we also discuss the molecular bases of functional divergence in AMPs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rafael D Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- CNRS, Ifremer, UPVD, Université de Montpellier. Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), UMR5244, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France.
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Hu L, Sun C, Wang S, Su F, Zhang S. Lipopolysaccharide neutralization by a novel peptide derived from phosvitin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2622-31. [PMID: 24028820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is the primary trigger of sepsis, which is associated with high mortality in patients. No therapeutic agents are currently efficacious enough to protect patients from sepsis characterized by LPS-mediated tissue damage and organ failure. Previously, a phosvitin-derived peptide, Pt5, which consists of the C-terminal 55 residues of zebrafish phosvitin, has been shown to function as an antibacterial agent. In this study, we have generated six mutants by site-directed mutagenesis based on the sequence of Pt5, and found that one of the six mutants, Pt5e, showed the strongest bactericidal activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We then demonstrated that Pt5e was able to bind to LPS and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). More importantly, we showed that Pt5e significantly inhibited LPS-induced tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β release from murine RAW264.7 cells and considerably reduced serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels in mice. Additionally, Pt5e protected the liver from damage by LPS, and remarkably promoted the survival rate of the endotoxemia mice. Furthermore, Pt5e displayed no cytotoxicity to murine RAW264.7 macrophages and no hemolytic activity toward human red blood cells. These data together indicate that Pt5e is an endotoxin-neutralizing agent with a therapeutic potential in clinical treatment of LPS-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China
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Li D, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen JH, Yang J, Zou LY, Tian ZQ, Lv J, Xia PY. Looped host defense peptide CLP-19 binds to microtubules and inhibits surface expression of TLR4 on mouse macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6083-92. [PMID: 23667111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The looped host defense peptide CLP-19 is derived from a highly functional core region of the Limulus anti-LPS factor and exerts robust anti-LPS activity by directly interacting with LPS in the extracellular space. We previously showed that prophylactic administration of CLP-19 even 20 h prior to LPS challenge might significantly increase the survival rate in a lethal endotoxin shock mouse model. Such an effect may be associated with immune regulation of CLP-19. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, peptide affinity chromatography, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting procedures were used to identify α- and β-tubulin as direct and specific binding partners of CLP-19 in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Bioinformatic analysis using the AutoDock Vina molecular docking and PyMOL molecular graphics system predicted that CLP-19 would bind to the functional residues of both α- and β-tubulin and would be located within the groove of microtubules. Tubulin polymerization assay revealed that CLP-19 might induce polymerization of microtubules and prevent depolymerization. The immunoregulatory effect of CLP-19 involving microtubules was investigated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting, which showed that CLP-19 prophylactic treatment of RAW 264.7 cells significantly inhibited LPS-induced surface expression of TLR4. Taken together, these results suggest that CLP-19 binding to microtubules disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of microtubules, reducing the efficacy of microtubule-dependent vesicular transport that would otherwise translocate TLR4 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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11
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Ma J, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhang S. Endotoxin-neutralizing activity of hen egg phosvitin. Mol Immunol 2013; 53:355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Preclinical investigations reveal the broad-spectrum neutralizing activity of peptide Pep19-2.5 on bacterial pathogenicity factors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:1480-7. [PMID: 23318793 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02066-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are known to cause severe health-threatening conditions, including sepsis. All attempts to get this disease under control failed in the past, and especially in times of increasing antibiotic resistance, this leads to one of the most urgent medical challenges of our times. We designed a peptide to bind with high affinity to endotoxins, one of the most potent pathogenicity factors involved in triggering sepsis. The peptide Pep19-2.5 reveals high endotoxin neutralization efficiency in vitro, and here, we demonstrate its antiseptic/anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in the mouse models of endotoxemia, bacteremia, and cecal ligation and puncture, as well as in an ex vivo model of human tissue. Furthermore, we show that Pep19-2.5 can bind and neutralize not only endotoxins but also other bacterial pathogenicity factors, such as those from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. This broad neutralization efficiency and the additive action of the peptide with common antibiotics makes it an exceptionally appropriate drug candidate against bacterial sepsis and also offers multiple other medication opportunities.
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13
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Liu Y, Ni B, Ren JD, Chen JH, Tian ZQ, Tang M, Li D, Xia P. Cyclic Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factor-derived peptide CLP-19 antagonizes LPS function by blocking binding to LPS binding protein. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 34:1678-83. [PMID: 22040879 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and septic shock due to endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria infection continue to pose significant challenges to human healthcare. It is, therefore, necessary to develop therapeutic strategies targeting endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to prevent their potentially systemic effects. Pathogenesis due to Gram-negative bacteria involves LPS binding to the host LPS-binding protein (LBP), causing detrimental downstream signaling cascades. Our previous study showed that CLP-19, a synthetic peptide derived from the Limulus anti-LPS factor (LALF), could effectively neutralize LPS toxicity; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying this anti-LPS effect remained unexplained. Thus, we carried out investigations to determine how the CLP-19 neutralizes LPS toxicity. CLP-19 was found to block LPS binding to LBP in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CLP-19 blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins p38, extracellular signal-regulating kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2. Furthermore, CLP-19 potency in LPS antagonism in vitro and in vivo was directly associated with its ability to block the LPS-LBP interaction. Taken together, the results suggested that CLP-19's inhibitory effect on LPS-LBP binding and on the subsequent MAPK pathway signaling may be responsible for its anti-LPS mechanism. This peptide appears to represent a potential therapeutic agent for clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Brandenburg K, Andrä J, Garidel P, Gutsmann T. Peptide-based treatment of sepsis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:799-808. [PMID: 21369803 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis (blood poisoning) is a severe infectious disease with high mortality, and no effective therapy is actually known. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) are known to be responsible for the strong inflammation reaction leading to the systemic infection. Peptides based on endotoxin-binding domains of human or animal proteins represent a promising approach in sepsis research. Although so far no medicament is available, the progress in recent years might lead to a breakthrough in this field. In this review, recent investigations are summarised, which may lead to an understanding of the mechanisms of action of peptides to suppress the inflammation reaction in vitro and in vivo (animal models) and thus may allow the development of effective anti-septic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin and Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 10, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
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Chitosan oligosaccharides protect mice from LPS challenge by attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ren J, Gao H, Tang M, Gu J, Xia P, Xiao G. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detoxification of analogue peptides derived from limulus anti-LPS factor. Peptides 2010; 31:1853-9. [PMID: 20624438 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis due to gram-negative bacterial infections. Therefore, LPS-neutralizing molecules could have important clinical applications. Our previous work showed, CLP19, an analogue peptide derived from limulus anti-LPS factor (LALF), possessed the capacity to neutralize LPS and thereby inhibit the LPS-induced responses. However, potential cytotoxicity of CLP19 was also found, especially when added to human red blood cells. Accordingly we further developed two peptides (designated as CLP19-1 and CLP19-2) by single- and double-point amino acid substitution of CLP19, respectively, in order to reduce its toxicity and meanwhile retain the anti-LPS activity. In this study, the LPS-detoxifying effectiveness of these peptides was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. CLP19-1 was found to dose-dependently neutralize LPS in vitro, with significantly lower hemolysis of red blood cells as compared with CLP19. Further in vivo tests verified that CLP19-1 exerted significant protective effects on mice against LPS, characterized by significantly improved survival, decreasing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) serum level and alleviation of tissue injury. Our work indicates that CLP19-1 is worthy of further study as potential anti-LPS agents for the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Ren
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu 610083, China
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Lin MC, Lin SB, Lee SC, Lin CC, Hui CF, Chen JY. Antimicrobial peptide of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor modulates of the inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. Peptides 2010; 31:1262-72. [PMID: 20385189 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, to clarify the protective mechanism of a peptide from shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factor (SALF) against endotoxin shock, we evaluated the effects of the SALF and LPS on the production and release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alphain vitro using the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Stimulation by LPS induced the production of inflammatory cytokines, and the SALF was able to modulate TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Microarray studies revealed a transcriptional profile which was assessed in the presence or absence of the SALF by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pretreatment with the SALF significantly downregulated the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in the presence of LPS. In contrast, pretreatment with the SALF significantly elevated the expressions of Anp32a, CLU, and SLPI, which are considered to be immune-related genes in the presence of LPS. Inhibitor studies suggested that the SALF's modulation of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production involved a complex mechanism with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, calcium, and protein kinase C. The data from this study, which imply that the SALF can suppress TNF-alpha production, suggest a role for the SALF in the defense mechanism which can potentially be applied to mammals for endotoxin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ching Lin
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Yang Y, Boze H, Chemardin P, Padilla A, Moulin G, Tassanakajon A, Pugnière M, Roquet F, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Gueguen Y, Bachère E, Aumelas A. NMR structure of rALF-Pm3, an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from shrimp: model of the possible lipid A-binding site. Biopolymers 2009; 91:207-20. [PMID: 19107926 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The anti-lipopolysaccharide factor ALF-Pm3 is a 98-residue protein identified in hemocytes from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. It was expressed in Pichia pastoris from the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter as a folded and (15)N uniformly labeled rALF-Pm3 protein. Its 3D structure was established by NMR and consists of three alpha-helices packed against a four-stranded beta-sheet. The C(34)-C(55) disulfide bond was shown to be essential for the structure stability. By using surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrated that rALF-Pm3 binds to LPS, lipid A and to OM-174, a soluble analogue of lipid A. Biophysical studies of rALF-Pm3/LPS and rALF-Pm3/OM-174 complexes indicated rather high molecular sized aggregates, which prevented us to experimentally determine by NMR the binding mode of these lipids to rALF-Pm3. However, on the basis of striking structural similarities to the FhuA/LPS complex, we designed an original model of the possible lipid A-binding site of ALF-Pm3. Such a binding site, located on the ALF-Pm3 beta-sheet and involving seven charged residues, is well conserved in ALF-L from Limulus polyphemus and in ALF-T from Tachypleus tridentatus. In addition, our model is in agreement with experiments showing that beta-hairpin synthetic peptides corresponding to ALF-L beta-sheet bind to LPS. Delineating lipid A-binding site of ALFs will help go further in the de novo design of new antibacterial or LPS-neutralizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Yang
- CNRS UMR5048, INSERM, U554, Université Montpellier 1 et 2, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, Cedex 9, France
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