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Gui Q, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Insights into the modulatory role of cyclosporine A and its research advances in acute inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107420. [PMID: 33540245 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A(CsA), a classic immunosuppressant, is mainly applied for solid organ transplantation and some autoimmune diseases by suppressing T lymphocytes. Early studies showed that the application of CsA is primarily focused on chronic but not acute inflammation, nevertheless, increasing evidence supporting a role for CsA in acute inflammation, although most of proofs come from experimental models. It has long been known to us that the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is the target of CsA to regulate T lymphocytes. However, NFAT also contributes to the regulation of innate immune cells, thus, CsA can not only target lymphocytes but also innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, which provides a basis for CsA to act on acute inflammation. Moreover, some other pathophysiological events in acute inflammation such as decreased vascular activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and endogenous cell apoptosis can also be alleviated by CsA. There being a moderate successes in the application of CsA for experimental acute inflammation such as sepsis, trauma/hemorrhagic shock and ischemic/reperfusion injury, yet data of the clinical treatment is not clear. In this review, we will critically analyze the existing hypotheses, summarize the application of CsA and its possible mechanisms in various acute inflammation over the past few decades, hope to provide some clues for the clinical treatment of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Gui
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Ye F, Winchester D, Stalvey C, Jansen M, Lee A, Khuddus M, Mazza J, Yale S. Proposed mechanisms of relative bradycardia. Med Hypotheses 2018; 119:63-67. [PMID: 30122494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Relative bradycardia is the term used to describe the mechanism where there is dissociation between pulse and temperature. This finding is important to recognize since it may provide further insights into the potential underlying causes of disease. There is no known proposed mechanism to explain this phenomenon. We hypothesize that relative bradycardia is the central mechanism reflecting and influenced potentially by the direct pathogenic effect on the sinoatrial node as well as cross-talk between the autonomic nervous system and immune system. Cardiac pacemaker cells may act as a target for inflammatory cytokines leading to alteration in heart rate dynamics or their responsiveness to neurotransmitters during systemic inflammation. These factors account for the important role of how the host response to infectious and non-infectious causes influences the appearance of relative bradycardia. We propose several methods that may be useful to confirm the proposed theoretical framework to further enhance our understanding of this paradoxical phenomenon. This includes measuring, during the episode of relative bradycardia, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, monitoring heart rate variability (HRV), and assessing underlying comorbidities and outcomes in patients with the same disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- Graduate Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - David Winchester
- Department of Cardiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Carolyn Stalvey
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Michael Jansen
- The Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Gainesville, 4645 NW 8th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32605, United States
| | - Arthur Lee
- The Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Gainesville, 4645 NW 8th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32605, United States
| | - Matheen Khuddus
- The Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Gainesville, 4645 NW 8th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32605, United States
| | - Joseph Mazza
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States
| | - Steven Yale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States.
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Sallam MY, El-Gowilly SM, Abdel-Galil AGA, El-Mas MM. Activation of central GABA B receptors offsets the cyclosporine counteraction of endotoxic cardiovascular outcomes in conscious rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:485-498. [PMID: 29667225 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that cyclosporine (CSA) counteracts cardiovascular manifestations induced by endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) such as hypotension and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in conscious rats. In this study, we investigated whether the facilitation of central γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission blunts these favorable influences of CSA. The LPS-CSA interaction was determined in the absence and presence of drugs that activate GABAA or GABAB receptors or elevate synaptic GABA levels in the central nervous system. The consequent i.v. administration of CSA (10 mg/kg) blunted the LPS-evoked hypotension, tachycardia, and reductions in time- and frequency-domain indices of heart rate variability (measures of cardiac autonomic control) evoked by LPS (10 mg/kg i.v.). The ability of CSA to reverse the LPS effects disappeared in rats treated intracisternally (i.c.) with baclofen (selective GABAB agonist, 2 μg/rat) but not muscimol (selective GABAA agonist, 1 μg/rat), indicating a preferential compromising action for central GABAB receptors on the advantageous effects of CSA. Moreover, the improvement by CSA of LPS-evoked cardiovascular derangements was also eliminated after concurrent i.c. administration of vigabatrin (GABA transaminase inhibitor, 200 μg/rat) or tiagabine (GABA reuptake inhibitor, 100 μg/rat). These results demonstrate that the activation of central GABAB receptors either directly via baclofen or indirectly following interventions that boost GABA levels in central synapses counterbalances the rectifying action of CSA on endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Y Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum Square, El-Azartia, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Gowilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum Square, El-Azartia, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Galil A Abdel-Galil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum Square, El-Azartia, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum Square, El-Azartia, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Konstantinovas C, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Vannier-Santos MA, Lima-Santos J. Modulation of Human Immune Response by Fungal Biocontrol Agents. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:39. [PMID: 28217107 PMCID: PMC5289975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of biological control agents is generally regarded as safe for humans and environment, the increased exposure of agriculture workers, and consumer population to fungal substances may affect the immune system. Those compounds may be associated with both intense stimulation, resulting in IgE-mediated allergy and immune downmodulation induced by molecules such as cyclosporin A and mycotoxins. This review discusses the potential effects of biocontrol fungal components on human immune responses, possibly associated to infectious, inflammatory diseases, and defective defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Konstantinovas
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos A Vannier-Santos
- Biologia Celular Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jane Lima-Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus, Brazil
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Sallam MY, El-Gowilly SM, Abdel-Galil AGA, El-Mas MM. Cyclosporine counteracts endotoxemia-evoked reductions in blood pressure and cardiac autonomic dysfunction via central sGC/MAPKs signaling in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 797:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lisboa LF, Egli A, Fairbanks J, O'Shea D, Manuel O, Husain S, Kumar D, Humar A. CCL8 and the Immune Control of Cytomegalovirus in Organ Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1882-92. [PMID: 25764912 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of cytomegalovirus cell-mediated immunity is a promising tool for the refinement of preventative and therapeutic strategies posttransplantation. Typically, the interferon-γ response to T cell stimulation is measured. We evaluated a broad range of cytokine and chemokines to better characterize the ex vivo host-response to CMV peptide stimulation. In a cohort of CMV viremic organ transplant recipients, chemokine expression-specifically CCL8 (AUC 0.849 95% CI 0.721-0.978; p = 0.003) and CXCL10 (AUC 0.841, 95% CI 0.707-0.974; p = 0.004)-was associated with control of viral replication. In a second cohort of transplant recipients at high-risk for CMV, the presence of a polymorphism in the CCL8 promoter conferred an increased risk of viral replication after discontinuation of antiviral prophylaxis (logrank hazard ratio 3.6; 95% CI 2.077-51.88). Using cell-sorting experiments, we determined that the primary cell type producing CCL8 in response to CMV peptide stimulation was the monocyte fraction. Finally, in vitro experiments using standard immunosuppressive agents demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in CCL8 production. Chemokines appear to be important elements of the cell-mediated response to CMV infection posttransplant, as here suggested for CCL8, and translation of this knowledge may allow for the tailoring and improvement of preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Lisboa
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Egli
- Infection Biology Lab, Department Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Fairbanks
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D O'Shea
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - O Manuel
- Infectious Diseases Service and Transplantation Center, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Husain
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Humar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li S, Jia Z, Chen X, Geng X, Sun J. Identification and characterization of the cDNAs encoding the two subunits of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) calcineurin: their implications in stress and immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:91-102. [PMID: 25541080 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN), the only Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase, is a key effector participating in Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways in a number of cellular processes under normal, stress and pathological conditions. However, the expression and the relevance of CN in stress and immune response have not been characterized in crustaceans. Here, we identified the cDNAs that encode the two subunits of CN (termed EsCN-A and EsCN-B, respectively) in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis and analysed their expression patterns in response to stress and immune challenges. The catalytic subunit EsCN-A is comprised of 511 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 57.5 kDa and shows 80% sequence identity with human beings CN-A alpha isoform, while the regulatory subunit EsCN-B protein is composed of 170 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 19.3 kDa and shares 88% sequence identity with human beings CN-B type 1. Tissue distribution analysis reveals that both EsCN-A and EsCN-B mRNA transcripts are expressed in all tested tissues with the greatest expression in hepatopancreas and the lowest expression in haemocytes. In addition, both EsCN-A and EsCN-B genes could be significantly up-regulated but with different expression patterns by ambient salinity (15‰ and 30‰ salinities) and pH (pH 6 and 8.5) stresses in gill, hepatopancreas, haemocytes, intestine and muscle. Furthermore, EsCN-A and EsCN-B were up-regulated by LPS and Poly(I:C) immune stimulations in E. sinensis haemocytes in vitro. Moreover, EsCN-A and EsCN-B mRNA were significantly up-regulated in haemocytes, gill, hepatopancreas, intestine and muscle in response to Edwardsiella tarda challenge in vivo. Finally, we revealed the importance of EsCN in LPS-induced nitric oxide production in E. sinensis haemocytes. Together our observations suggest that EsCN, the important downstream effector of CaM-mediated signalling pathway(s), may possess vital roles in stress and immune response in the Chinese mitten crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Zirui Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xuyun Geng
- Tianjin Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, 442 South Jiefang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300221, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
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8
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Korhonen R, Hömmö T, Keränen T, Laavola M, Hämäläinen M, Vuolteenaho K, Lehtimäki L, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Attenuation of TNF production and experimentally induced inflammation by PDE4 inhibitor rolipram is mediated by MAPK phosphatase-1. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1525-36. [PMID: 23849041 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 3',5'-Cyclic nucleotide PDE4 is expressed in several inflammatory and immune cells, and PDE4 catalyses the hydrolysis of cAMP to 5'AMP, down-regulating cAMP signalling in cells. MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is an endogenous p38 MAPK signalling suppressor and limits inflammatory gene expression and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a PDE4 inhibitor rolipram on MKP-1 expression and whether MKP-1 is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of rolipram. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of rolipram on TNF production was investigated in J774 mouse macrophage cell line and in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM) from wild-type (WT) and MKP-1(-/-) mice. We also investigated the effect of rolipram on carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in WT and MKP-1(-/-) mice. KEY RESULTS MKP-1 expression was enhanced by rolipram, by a non-selective PDE inhibitor IBMX and by a cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP in J774 cells and in PM. Enhanced MKP-1 mRNA expression by rolipram was reversed by a PKA inhibitor. Rolipram, IBMX and 8-Br-cAMP also inhibited TNF production in activated macrophages. Accordingly, rolipram inhibited TNF production in PMs from WT mice but, interestingly, not in PMs from MKP-1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, rolipram attenuated carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in WT but not in MKP-1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PDE4 inhibitor rolipram was found to enhance the expression of MKP-1, and MKP-1 mediated, at least partly, the anti-inflammatory effects of PDE4 inhibition. The results suggest that compounds that enhance MKP-1 expression and/or MKP-1 activity hold potential as novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Stæhr M, Khatam-Lashgari A, Vanhoutte PM, Hansen PBL, Jensen BL. The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A improves lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular dysfunction but does not rescue from cardiovascular collapse in endotoxemic mice. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1467-75. [PMID: 23689317 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) improves survival in endotoxemic mice. It was hypothesized that CsA counteracts the bradycardia and hypotension characteristic of endotoxemia. Vascular reactivity was determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/mL)-treated mouse aortic rings suspended in a myograph. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously with indwelling catheters in conscious mice treated with CsA and a bolus injection of LPS (2 mg/kg). The α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine induced stable tension of aortic rings that were attenuated significantly by LPS. Co-incubation of rings with LPS and CsA (1 × 10(-7) mol/L-1 × 10(-5) mol/L) restored vascular reactivity to phenylephrine. Intravenous administration of CsA (20 and 40 mg/kg/day) to mice induced a significant increase (by approximately 10 mmHg) in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), with no effect on heart rate. An LPS bolus led to significant decreases in MAP (by approximately 30 mmHg) and heart rate (to 50 % of baseline). CsA-treated LPS-mice exhibited higher MAP at some (20 mg/kg) or all (40 mg/kg) time points after LPS. The decrease in MAP (Δ pressure) was similar between vehicle- and CsA-treated groups. The 50 % decrease in heart rate was not affected by CsA. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein levels in LPS-treated mice organs and plasma NO x concentration were significantly reduced by CsA. It is concluded that in a murine model of endotoxemia, increased peripheral vascular resistance and suppression of systemic NO formation by cyclosporine A are not sufficient to prevent cardiovascular collapse, which is caused primarily by compromised cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Stæhr
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Huotari N, Hömmö T, Taimi V, Nieminen R, Moilanen E, Korhonen R. Regulation of tristetraprolin expression by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. APMIS 2012; 120:988-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Huotari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Tuija Hömmö
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Ville Taimi
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Riina Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
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The expression of interleukin-12 is increased by MAP kinase phosphatase-1 through a mechanism related to interferon regulatory factor 1. Mol Immunol 2012; 51:219-26. [PMID: 22464096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a nuclear tyrosine/threonine phosphatase that inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. We and others have shown that MKP-1 deficiency leads to excessive activation of innate immunity and inflammatory gene expression. Surprisingly, the present study shows that MKP-1 is a positive regulator of IL-12 expression in macrophages suggesting a stimulatory effect on Th1 type immune response. In the present study, we found that LPS-induced expression of IL-12p40 was lower in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and bone marrow-derived macrophages from MKP-1 deficient mice than in cells from wild-type mice whereas TNF expression was enhanced as expected. Correspondingly, the inhibition of p38 MAPK by pharmacologic inhibitors BIRB 796 and SB 202190 enhanced LPS-induced IL-12p40 production. Silencing of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) by siRNA inhibited the expression of IL-12p40 in J774 macrophages, showing that IRF1 is an important factor regulating IL-12p40 expression. BIRB 796 enhanced LPS-induced expression of IRF1 in J774 macrophages and in PMs from wild-type mice, and IRF1 expression was reduced in PMs from MKP-1 deficient mice. In conclusions, our results show that MKP-1 increases and p38 MAPK decreases the expression of IL-12 by enhancing the expression of IRF1. MKP-1, through regulation of IRF1 and IL-12, therefore may be an important factor supporting the development of Th1 type of immune response and anti-microbial defense.
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12
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Elloumi HZ, Maharshak N, Rao KN, Kobayashi T, Ryu HS, Mühlbauer M, Li F, Jobin C, Plevy SE. A cell permeable peptide inhibitor of NFAT inhibits macrophage cytokine expression and ameliorates experimental colitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34172. [PMID: 22479554 PMCID: PMC3313977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays a critical role in the development and function of immune and non-immune cells. Although NFAT is a central transcriptional regulator of T cell cytokines, its role in macrophage specific gene expression is less defined. Previous work from our group demonstrated that NFAT regulates Il12b gene expression in macrophages. Here, we further investigate NFAT function in murine macrophages and determined the effects of a cell permeable NFAT inhibitor peptide 11R-VIVIT on experimental colitis in mice. Treatment of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) with tacrolimus or 11R-VIVIT significantly inhibited LPS and LPS plus IFN-γ induced IL-12 p40 mRNA and protein expression. IL-12 p70 and IL-23 secretion were also decreased. NFAT nuclear translocation and binding to the IL-12 p40 promoter was reduced by NFAT inhibition. Experiments in BMDMs from IL-10 deficient (Il10−/−) mice demonstrate that inhibition of IL-12 expression by 11R-VIVIT was independent of IL-10 expression. To test its therapeutic potential, 11R-VIVIT was administered systemically to Il10−/− mice with piroxicam-induced colitis. 11R-VIVIT treated mice demonstrated significant improvement in colitis compared to mice treated with an inactive peptide. Moreover, decreased spontaneous secretion of IL-12 p40 and TNF in supernatants from colon explant cultures was demonstrated. In summary, NFAT, widely recognized for its role in T cell biology, also regulates important innate inflammatory pathways in macrophages. Selective blocking of NFAT via a cell permeable inhibitory peptide is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Z. Elloumi
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kavitha N. Rao
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hyungjin S. Ryu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marcus Mühlbauer
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fengling Li
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christian Jobin
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Plevy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Rudloff I, Bachmann M, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Mechanisms of rapid induction of interleukin-22 in activated T cells and its modulation by cyclosporin a. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:4531-43. [PMID: 22170067 PMCID: PMC3281663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.286492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-22 is an immunoregulatory cytokine displaying pathological functions in models of autoimmunity like experimental psoriasis. Understanding molecular mechanisms driving IL-22, together with knowledge on the capacity of current immunosuppressive drugs to target this process, may open an avenue to novel therapeutic options. Here, we sought to characterize regulation of human IL22 gene expression with focus on the established model of Jurkat T cells. Moreover, effects of the prototypic immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) were investigated. We report that IL-22 induction by TPA/A23187 (T/A) or αCD3 is inhibited by CsA or related FK506. Similar data were obtained with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified CD3(+) T cells. IL22 promoter analysis (-1074 to +156 bp) revealed a role of an NF-AT (-95/-91 nt) and a CREB (-194/-190 nt) binding site for gene induction. Indeed, binding of CREB and NF-ATc2, but not c-Rel, under the influence of T/A to those elements could be proven by ChIP. Because CsA has the capability to impair IκB kinase (IKK) complex activation, the IKKα/β inhibitor IKKVII was evaluated. IKKVII likewise reduced IL-22 induction in Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, transfection of Jurkat cells with siRNA directed against IKKα impaired IL22 gene expression. Data presented suggest that NF-AT, CREB, and IKKα contribute to rapid IL22 gene induction. In particular the crucial role of NF-AT detected herein may form the basis of direct action of CsA on IL-22 expression by T cells, which may contribute to therapeutic efficacy of the drug in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rudloff
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Malte Bachmann
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
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Korhonen R, Turpeinen T, Taimi V, Nieminen R, Goulas A, Moilanen E. Attenuation of the acute inflammatory response by dual specificity phosphatase 1 by inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:2059-68. [PMID: 21764456 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.06.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) dephosphorylates and, hence, regulates the activity of MAP kinases. The present study investigated the effect of DUSP1 on inflammatory gene expression and on the development of carrageenan-induced inflammation. It was found that DUSP1 expression was increased by LPS, and the down-regulation of DUSP1 by siRNA enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, while JNK phosphorylation was not affected in murine macrophages. LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression were enhanced in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from DUSP1(-/-) mice as compared to those from wild-type mice. In addition, down-regulation of DUSP1 by siRNA enhanced IL-6, TNF and COX2 expression in J774 macrophages, while p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and BIRB 796 inhibited the expression of those inflammatory factors. In vivo, the intensity of the carrageenan-induced paw edema reaction was increased in DUSP1(-/-) mice as compared to the wild-type animals. In conclusion, DUSP1 is an important negative regulator of the acute inflammatory response by limiting p38 MAPK, and compounds which enhance DUSP1 expression or activity may hold a promise as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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15
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Dual specificity phosphatase 1 regulates human inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by p38 MAP kinase. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:127587. [PMID: 21547253 PMCID: PMC3086212 DOI: 10.1155/2011/127587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in A549 human pulmonary epithelial cells, J774 mouse macrophages and primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was investigated. iNOS expression was induced by a cytokine mixture (TNF, IFNγ and IL-1β) in A549 cells and by LPS in J774 cells, and it was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and BIRB 796. Stimulation with cytokine mixture or LPS enhanced also DUSP1 expression. Down-regulation of DUSP1 by siRNA increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and iNOS expression in A549 and J774 cells. In addition, LPS-induced iNOS expression was enhanced in BMMs from DUSP1(−/−) mice as compared to that in BMMs from wild-type mice. The results indicate that DUSP1 suppresses iNOS expression by limiting p38 MAPK activity in human and mouse cells. Compounds that enhance DUSP1 expression or modulate its function may be beneficial in diseases complicated with increased iNOS-mediated NO production.
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16
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Kockx M, Jessup W, Kritharides L. Cyclosporin A and atherosclerosis--cellular pathways in atherogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:106-18. [PMID: 20598751 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug widely used in organ transplant recipients and people with autoimmune disorders. Long term treatment with CsA is associated with many side effects including hyperlipidemia and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. While its immunosuppressive effects are closely linked to its effects on T cell activation via the inhibition of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway, the precise mechanisms underlying its cardiovascular effects appear to involve multiple pathways additional to those relevant for immunosuppression. These include inhibition of calcineurin activity and intracellular cyclophilin peptidylprolyl isomerase and chaperone activities, inhibition of pro-inflammatory extracellular cyclophilin A, and NFAT-independent transcriptional effects. CsA demonstrates complex effects on lipoprotein metabolism and bile acid production, and affects endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages, all of which are critical to the atherosclerotic process. Interpretation of the available data is hampered as many experimental models are used to study the effects of CsA in vivo and in vitro, leading to diverse and often contradictory findings. In this review we will describe the cellular mechanisms related to CsA-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, with a focus on identifying pro-atherogenic pathways that are distinct from those relevant to its immunosuppressant effects. The potential of CsA analogues to avoid such sequelae will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Kockx
- Macrophage Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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The calcineurin inhibitor, FK506, does not alter glutamate transport in the ischaemic mouse retina. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:315-9. [PMID: 20434440 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2B inhibitor, FK506, is an immunomodulatory polypeptide that has neuroprotective properties, the mechanisms of which have not been elucidated. A possible mechanism may be phosphorylation-mediated regulation of glutamate transporter activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FK506 on glutamate transporter localization and activity in the ischaemic mouse retina. FK506 did not appear to modulate the localization or activity of glutamate transporters under simulated ischaemic conditions. Our present data suggest that the mechanism by which FK506 exerts its neuroprotective action is not attributable to alterations in retinal glutamate transport.
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