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Menchinskaya ES, Dyshlovoy SA, Venz S, Jacobsen C, Hauschild J, Rohlfing T, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Balabanov S, Bokemeyer C, Aminin DL, von Amsberg G, Honecker F. Anticancer Activity of the Marine Triterpene Glycoside Cucumarioside A 2-2 in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:20. [PMID: 38248645 PMCID: PMC10817243 DOI: 10.3390/md22010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), treatment is inevitably hampered by the development of drug resistance. Thus, new drugs are urgently needed. We investigated the efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of action of the marine triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2) using an in vitro CRPC model. CA2-2 induced a G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells and caspase-dependent apoptosis executed via an intrinsic pathway. Additionally, the drug inhibited the formation and growth of CRPC cell colonies at low micromolar concentrations. A global proteome analysis performed using the 2D-PAGE technique, followed by MALDI-MS and bioinformatical evaluation, revealed alterations in the proteins involved in cellular processes such as metastatic potential, invasion, and apoptosis. Among others, the regulation of keratin 81, CrkII, IL-1β, and cathepsin B could be identified by our proteomics approach. The effects were validated on the protein level by a 2D Western blotting analysis. Our results demonstrate the promising anticancer activity of CA2-2 in a prostate cancer model and provide insights on the underlying mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.A.A.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Christine Jacobsen
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Tina Rohlfing
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Aleksandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.A.A.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.A.A.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.S.S.); (S.A.A.); (D.L.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (C.J.); (J.H.); (T.R.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.); (F.H.)
- Tumor and Breast Center Eastern Switzerland, 9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Zelepuga EA, Panina EG, Stepanov VG, Kalinin VI, Dmitrenok PS. Sulfated Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi: Djakonoviosides C 1, D 1, E 1, and F 1; Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:602. [PMID: 38132923 PMCID: PMC10744391 DOI: 10.3390/md21120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new mono- and trisulfated triterpene penta- and tetraosides, djakonoviosides C1 (1), D1 (2), E1 (3), and F1 (4) were isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), along with six known glycosides found earlier in other Cucumaria species. The structures of unreported compounds were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HR-ESI-MS data. The set of compounds contains six different types of carbohydrate chains including two new ones. Thus, djakonovioside C1 (1) is characterized by xylose as the second residue, that was a branchpoint in the pentasaccharide chain. Meanwhile, only quinovose and rarely glucose have been found earlier in pentasaccharide chains branched at C-2 of the second sugar unit. Djakonovioside E1 (3) is characterized by a tetrasaccharide trisulfated chain, with glucose as the second residue. So, in the series of isolated glycosides, three types of sugars in the second position were presented: the most common, quinovose-in six compounds; glucose-in three substances; and the rare xylose-in one glycoside. The set of aglycones was composed of holostane- and non-holostane-type polycyclic systems; the latter comprised normal and reduced side chains. Noticeably, isokoreoside A (9), isolated from C. djakonovi, was a single glycoside having a 9(11)-double bond, indicating two oxidosqualenecyclases are operating in the process of the biosynthesis of aglycones. Some of the glycosides from C. djakonovi, which were characterized by pentasaccharide branched chains containing one to three sulfate groups, are chemotaxonomic features of the representatives of the genus Cucumaria. The assortment of sugar parts of Cucumaria's glycosides was broadened with previously undescribed penta- and tetrasaccharide moieties. The metabolic network of sugar parts and aglycones is constructed based on biogenetic relationships. The cytotoxic action of compounds 1-10, isolated from C. djakonovi, against human breast cancer cell lines was investigated along with the hemolytic activity. Erythrocytes were, as usual, more sensitive to the membranolytic action of the glycosides than cancer cells. The triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line was more vulnerable to the action of glycosides in comparison with the other tested cancer cells, while the MCF-7 cell line was less susceptible to cytotoxic action. Djakonovioside E1 (3) demonstrated selective action against ER-positive MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines, while the toxic effect in relation to normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) was absent. Cucumarioside A2-5 (6) inhibited the formation and growth of colonies of cancer cells to 44% and tumor cell migration to 85% of the control. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were calculated on the basis of the correlational analysis of the physicochemical properties and structural features of the glycosidic molecules and their membranolytic activity. QSAR revealed the extremely complex nature of such relationships, but these calculations correlated well with the observed SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Roman S. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Elena A. Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Elena G. Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; (E.G.P.); (V.G.S.)
| | - Vadim G. Stepanov
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; (E.G.P.); (V.G.S.)
| | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Panina EG, Stepanov VG, Kalinin VI, Stonik VA. Djakonoviosides A, A 1, A 2, B 1-B 4 - Triterpene Monosulfated Tetra- and Pentaosides from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi: The First Finding of a Hemiketal Fragment in the Aglycones; Activity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11128. [PMID: 37446305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new monosulfated triterpene glycosides, djakonoviosides A (1), A1 (2), A2 (3), and B1-B4 (4-7), along with three known glycosides found earlier in the other Cucumaria species, namely okhotoside A1-1, cucumarioside A0-1, and frondoside D, have been isolated from the far eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida). The structures were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and confirmed by HR-ESI-MS data. The compounds of groups A and B differ from each other in their carbohydrate chains, namely monosulfated tetrasaccharide chains are inherent to group A and pentasaccharide chains with one sulfate group, branched by C-2 Qui2, are characteristic of group B. The aglycones of djakonoviosides A2 (3), B2 (5), and B4 (7) are characterized by a unique structural feature, a 23,16-hemiketal fragment found first in the sea cucumbers' glycosides. The biosynthetic pathway of its formation is discussed. The set of aglycones of C. djakonovi glycosides was species specific because of the presence of new aglycones. At the same time, the finding in C. djakonovi of the known glycosides isolated earlier from the other species of Cucumaria, as well as the set of carbohydrate chains characteristic of the glycosides of all investigated representatives of the genus Cucumaria, demonstrated the significance of these glycosides as chemotaxonomic markers. The membranolytic actions of compounds 1-7 and known glycosides okhotoside A1-1, cucumarioside A0-1, and frondoside D, isolated from C. djakonovi against human cell lines, including erythrocytes and breast cancer cells (MCF-7, T-47D, and triple negative MDA-MB-231), as well as leukemia HL-60 and the embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line, have been studied. Okhotoside A1-1 was the most active compound from the series because of the presence of a tetrasaccharide linear chain and holostane aglycone with a 7(8)-double bond and 16β-O-acetoxy group, cucumarioside A0-1, having the same aglycone, was slightly less active because of the presence of branching xylose residue at C-2 Qui2. Generally, the activity of the djakonoviosides of group A was higher than that of the djakonoviosides of group B containing the same aglycones, indicating the significance of a linear chain containing four monosaccharide residues for the demonstration of membranolytic action by the glycosides. All the compounds containing hemiketal fragments, djakonovioside A2 (3), B2 (5), and B4 (7), were almost inactive. The most aggressive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was the most sensitive to the glycosides action when compared with the other cancer cells. Okhotoside A1-1 and cucumarioside A0-1 demonstrated promising effects against MDA-MB-231 cells, significantly inhibiting the migration, as well as the formation and growth, of colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena G Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Vadim G Stepanov
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Renda G, Gökkaya İ, Şöhretoğlu D. Immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2021; 21:537-563. [PMID: 34812259 PMCID: PMC8600492 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the main defence mechanisms of the human body. Inadequacy of this system or immunodeficiency results in increased risk of infections and tumours, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergic or autoimmune disorders. A well-balanced immune system is important for protection and for alleviation of these diseases. There is a growing interest to maintain a well-balanced immune system, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Many biological extracts, as well as natural products, have become popular due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system. Triterpenes, one of the secondary metabolite groups of medicinal plants, exhibit immunomodulatory properties by various mechanisms. Different triterpenes, including components of commonly consumed plants, can promote some protection and alleviation of disease symptoms linked with immune responses and thus enhance overall well-being. This review aims to highlight the efficacy of triterpenes in light of the available literature evidence regarding the immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. We have reviewed widely investigated immunomodulatory triterpenes; oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, pristimerin, ursolic acid, boswellic acid, celastrol, lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, ganoderic acid, cucumarioside, and astragalosides which have important immunoregulatory properties. In spite of many preclinical and clinical trials were conducted on triterpenes related to their immunoregulatory actions, current studies have several limitations. Therefore, especially more clinical studies with optimal design is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İçim Gökkaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Didem Şöhretoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara Turkey
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Zelepuga EA, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of Holothuroid's Triterpene Glycosides and Some In Silico Insights Obtained by Molecular Dynamics Study on the Mechanisms of Their Membranolytic Action. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110604. [PMID: 34822475 PMCID: PMC8625879 DOI: 10.3390/md19110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The article describes the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for a broad series of sea cucumber glycosides on different tumor cell lines and erythrocytes, and an in silico modulation of the interaction of selected glycosides from the sea cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix with model erythrocyte membranes using full-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The in silico approach revealed that the glycosides bound to the membrane surface mainly through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The mode of such interactions depends on the aglycone structure, including the side chain structural peculiarities, and varies to a great extent. Two different mechanisms of glycoside/membrane interactions were discovered. The first one was realized through the pore formation (by cucumariosides A1 (40) and A8 (44)), preceded by bonding of the glycosides with membrane sphingomyelin, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Noncovalent intermolecular interactions inside multimolecular membrane complexes and their stoichiometry differed for 40 and 44. The second mechanism was realized by cucumarioside A2 (59) through the formation of phospholipid and cholesterol clusters in the outer and inner membrane leaflets, correspondingly. Noticeably, the glycoside/phospholipid interactions were more favorable compared to the glycoside/cholesterol interactions, but the glycoside possessed an agglomerating action towards the cholesterol molecules from the inner membrane leaflet. In silicosimulations of the interactions of cucumarioside A7 (45) with model membrane demonstrated only slight interactions with phospholipid polar heads and the absence of glycoside/cholesterol interactions. This fact correlated well with very low experimental hemolytic activity of this substance. The observed peculiarities of membranotropic action are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data on hemolytic activity of the investigated compounds in vitro.
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Yurasakpong L, Apisawetakan S, Pranweerapaiboon K, Sobhon P, Chaithirayanon K. Holothuria scabra Extract Induces Cell Apoptosis and Suppresses Warburg Effect by Down-Regulating Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 Axis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1964-1975. [PMID: 32878490 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1814825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cells utilize the modified glucose metabolism known as Warburg effect, with lactate production as the end product. In the search for alternative therapy, the body wall of sea cucumbers contains various substances with pharmacological activities. Herein, we investigate the effect of Holothuria scabra extract on the viability and Warburg effect of aggressive breast cancer cells. METHODS Body wall of H. scabra was extracted using 95% ethanol. Triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, were treated with the extract at various concentrations under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Cytotoxicity test was performed using MTT assay. Apoptotic proteins were quantified using Western blot. Apoptotic cells were stained with Hoechst 33342. Lactate production was determined using L-lactate assay kit. RESULTS By MTT assay, H. scabra extract suppressed the viability of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by enhancing apoptosis, indicated by a marked increase of proapoptotic Bax and pro-caspase three expressions, and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. The extract could reduce hexokinase II expression, leading to reduced lactate production by blocking the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 axis. DISCUSSION Overall findings indicated that H. scabra extract could be a possible therapeutic against breast cancer progression in patients with hyperglycemia, for instance, diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somjai Apisawetakan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Wattana, Thailand
| | | | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
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Hossain A, Dave D, Shahidi F. Northern Sea Cucumber ( Cucumaria frondosa): A Potential Candidate for Functional Food, Nutraceutical, and Pharmaceutical Sector. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050274. [PMID: 32455954 PMCID: PMC7281287 DOI: 10.3390/md18050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) is the most abundant and widely distributed species in the cold waters of North Atlantic Ocean. C. frondosa contains a wide range of bioactive compounds, mainly collagen, cerebrosides, glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, saponins, phenols, and mucopolysaccharides, which demonstrate unique biological and pharmacological properties. In particular, the body wall of this marine invertebrate is the major edible part and contains most of the active constituents, mainly polysaccharides and collagen, which exhibit numerous biological activities, including anticancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-coagulation, antimicrobial, antioxidation, and anti- osteoclastogenic properties. In particular, triterpene glycosides (frondoside A and other) are the most researched group of compounds due to their potential anticancer activity. This review summarizes the latest information on C. frondosa, mainly geographical distribution, landings specific to Canadian coastlines, processing, commercial products, trade market, bioactive compounds, and potential health benefits in the context of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Deepika Dave
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
- Marine Bioprocessing Facility, Centre of Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (F.S.)
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Structures and Bioactivities of Psolusosides B 1, B 2, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q from the Sea Cucumber Psolus fabricii. The First Finding of Tetrasulfated Marine Low Molecular Weight Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110631. [PMID: 31698820 PMCID: PMC6891663 DOI: 10.3390/md17110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten new di-, tri- and tetrasulfated triterpene glycosides, psolusosides B1 (1), B2 (2), J (3), K (4), L (5), M (6), N (7), O (8), P (9), and Q (10), were isolated from the sea cucumber Psolus fabricii collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near the Kurile Islands. Structures of these glycosides were established by two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass-spectrometry. It is particularly interesting that highly polar compounds 9 and 10 contain four sulfate groups in their carbohydrate moieties, including two sulfates in the same terminal glucose residue. Glycoside 2 has an unusual non-holostane aglycone with 18(16)-lactone and a unique 7,8-epoxy fragment. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-10 against several mouse cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, neuroblastoma Neuro 2A, normal epithelial JB-6 cells, and erythrocytes were quite different depending both on structural peculiarities of these glycosides and the type of cells subjected to their actions. Psolusoside L (5), pentaoside, with three sulfate groups at C-6 of two glucose and one 3-O-methylglucose residue and holostane aglycone, is the most active compound in the series. The presence of a sulfate group at C-2 of the terminal glucose residue attached to C-4 of the first (xylose) residue significantly decreases activities of the corresponding glycosides. Psolusosides of group B (1, 2, and known psolusoside B) are inactive in all tests due to the presence of non-holostane aglycones and tetrasaccharide-branched sugar chains sulfated by C-2 of Glc4.
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9
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Menchinskaya E, Gorpenchenko T, Silchenko A, Avilov S, Aminin D. Modulation of Doxorubicin Intracellular Accumulation and Anticancer Activity by Triterpene Glycoside Cucumarioside A 2-2. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110597. [PMID: 31652808 PMCID: PMC6891776 DOI: 10.3390/md17110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells with multidrug resistance by holothurian triterpene glycoside, cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2) was evaluated. Calcein-AM efflux assay and doxorubicin (DOX) uptake and retention measurement in cancer cells, as well as determination of DOX cytotoxic and anticancer effects were applied. Treatment of EAC cells with CA2-2 (0.01–0.1 μM) blocked Calcein-AM and DOX efflux from cancer cells and increased the accumulation and cytotoxicity of DOX in EAC cells. Moreover, pre-treatment of mice with EAC by CA2-2 (10 μg/kg/5 days, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)), then transplantation of tumor cells into fresh animals and subsequent treatment of these mice with DOX (2 mg/kg/3 days i.p.) significantly increased average life span (ALS) of mice bearing a tumor and therefore boosted the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Sergey Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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10
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Katanaev VL, Di Falco S, Khotimchenko Y. The Anticancer Drug Discovery Potential of Marine Invertebrates from Russian Pacific. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E474. [PMID: 31426365 PMCID: PMC6723377 DOI: 10.3390/md17080474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite huge efforts by academia and pharmaceutical industry, cancer remains the second cause of disease-related death in developed countries. Novel sources and principles of anticancer drug discovery are in urgent demand. Marine-derived natural products represent a largely untapped source of future drug candidates. This review focuses on the anticancer drug discovery potential of marine invertebrates from the North-West Pacific. The issues of biodiversity, chemodiversity, and the anticancer pharmacophore diversity this region hides are consecutively discussed. These three levels of diversity are analyzed from the point of view of the already discovered compounds, as well as from the assessment of the overall, still undiscovered and enormous potential. We further go into the predictions of the economic and societal benefits the full-scale exploration of this potential offers, and suggest strategic measures to be taken on the national level in order to unleash such full-scale exploration. The transversal and multi-discipline approach we attempt to build for the case of marine invertebrate-based anticancer drug discovery from a given region can be applied to other regions and disease conditions, as well as up-scaled to global dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Salvatore Di Falco
- The Institute of Economics and Econometrics, University of Geneva, UNIMAIL, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Khotimchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia.
- National Scientific Center for Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
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11
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Mohamed AS, Mahmoud SA, Soliman AM, Fahmy SR. Antitumor activity of saponin isolated from the sea cucumber, holothuria arenicola against ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in swiss albino mice. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1928-1932. [PMID: 31343268 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1644633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation attempted study the potential use of the Holothuria arenicola saponin (HaS) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) tumor model in female Swiss albino mice. The HPLC studies of the extracted saponin showed the peak at retention time 5.19 min. was is matched with the standard saponin with total amount 34.87%. Significant improvements were detected in the tumor markers, complete blood count, antioxidant system, liver function and kidney function of HaS-treated mice. The present study demonstrated that HaS is a potent natural product that has promising antineoplastic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Saber Mohamed
- Zoology Department - Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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12
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Decroo C, Colson E, Lemaur V, Caulier G, De Winter J, Cabrera-Barjas G, Cornil J, Flammang P, Gerbaux P. Ion mobility mass spectrometry of saponin ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 2:22-33. [PMID: 29873851 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Decroo
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Lab, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Colson
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Lab, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Caulier
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Lab, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unit for Technology Development (UDT), University of Concepción, Av. Cordillera 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, P.O. Box 4051 mail 3, Coronel, Región del Bío Bío, Chile
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Lab, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
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13
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Assessment of Apoptosis Induction by Methanol Extract of Sea Cucumber in Blastocystis hominis Isolated from Human Samples Using Flow Cytometry and DNA Fragmentation Test. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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14
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Zhang XM, Han LW, Zhang SS, Li XB, He QX, Han J, Wang XM, Liu KC. Targeted discovery and identification of novel nucleoside biomarkers in Apostichopus japonicus viscera using metabonomics. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 38:203-217. [PMID: 30588871 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1514121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the metabonomic profiles of Apostichopus japonicus using an LC-MS-based method in conjunction with multivariate data analysis. Based on the PLS-DA model, 85 differential metabolites (VIP value >1.0) were obtained from viscera and body wall samples. The MS/MS and NMR experiments were used for the qualitative identification of the characteristic peaks. Sphingoid-based nucleoside analogues were the main components in Chinese A. japonicus viscera. Our findings demonstrate that A. japonicus viscera contain a large number of compounds that may have applications as nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ming Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Li-Wen Han
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Li
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Xia He
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Jian Han
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Xi-Min Wang
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- a Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Biology Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
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15
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Stefaniak-Vidarsson MM, Kale VA, Gudjónsdóttir M, Marteinsdottir G, Fridjonsson O, Hreggvidsson GO, Sigurjonsson OE, Omarsdottir S, Kristbergsson K. Bioactive effect of sulphated polysaccharides derived from orange-footed sea cucumber ( Cucumaria frondosa) toward THP-1 macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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17
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Aminin D, Pislyagin E, Astashev M, Es'kov A, Kozhemyako V, Avilov S, Zelepuga E, Yurchenko E, Kaluzhskiy L, Kozlovskaya E, Ivanov A, Stonik V. Glycosides from edible sea cucumbers stimulate macrophages via purinergic receptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39683. [PMID: 28004778 PMCID: PMC5177912 DOI: 10.1038/srep39683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, edible sea cucumbers have been considered a jewel of the seabed and used in Asian folk medicine for stimulation of resistance against different diseases. However, the power of this sea food has not been established on a molecular level. A particular group of triterpene glycosides was found to be characteristic metabolites of the animals, responsible for this biological action. Using one of them, cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2) from the edible Cucumaria japonica species as an example as well as inhibitory analysis, patch-clamp on single macrophages, small interfering RNA technique, immunoblotting, SPR analysis, computer modeling and other methods, we demonstrate low doses of CA2-2 specifically to interact with P2X receptors (predominantly P2X4) on membranes of mature macrophages, enhancing the reversible ATP-dependent Ca2+ intake and recovering Ca2+ transport at inactivation of these receptors. As result, interaction of glycosides of this type with P2X receptors leads to activation of cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Maxim Astashev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Andrey Es'kov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Valery Kozhemyako
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Sergei Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Elena Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | | | - Emma Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Valentin Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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18
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Bahrami Y, Franco CMM. Acetylated Triterpene Glycosides and Their Biological Activity from Holothuroidea Reported in the Past Six Decades. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E147. [PMID: 27527190 PMCID: PMC4999908 DOI: 10.3390/md14080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers have been valued for many centuries as a tonic and functional food, dietary delicacies and important ingredients of traditional medicine in many Asian countries. An assortment of bioactive compounds has been described in sea cucumbers. The most important and abundant secondary metabolites from sea cucumbers are triterpene glycosides (saponins). Due to the wide range of their potential biological activities, these natural compounds have gained attention and this has led to their emergence as high value compounds with extended application in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, medicinal and pharmaceutical products. They are characterized by bearing a wide spectrum of structures, such as sulfated, non-sulfated and acetylated glycosides. Over 700 triterpene glycosides have been reported from the Holothuroidea in which more than 145 are decorated with an acetoxy group having 38 different aglycones. The majority of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides are of the holostane type containing a C18 (20) lactone group and either Δ(7(8)) or Δ(9(11)) double bond in their genins. The acetoxy group is mainly connected to the C-16, C-22, C-23 and/or C-25 of their aglycone. Apparently, the presence of an acetoxy group, particularly at C-16 of the aglycone, plays a significant role in the bioactivity; including induction of caspase, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial activities of these compounds. This manuscript highlights the structure of acetylated saponins, their biological activity, and their structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Bahrami
- Medical Biotechnology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.
| | - Christopher M M Franco
- Medical Biotechnology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
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19
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20
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Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Rao CV. Sea Cucumbers Metabolites as Potent Anti-Cancer Agents. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2909-23. [PMID: 25984989 PMCID: PMC4446612 DOI: 10.3390/md13052909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers and their extracts have gained immense popularity and interest among researchers and nutritionists due to their nutritive value, potential health benefits, and use in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Many areas of the world use sea cucumbers in traditional foods and folk medicine. Though the actual components and their specific functions still remain to be investigated, most sea cucumber extracts are being studied for their anti-inflammatory functions, immunostimulatory properties, and for cancer prevention and treatment. There is large scope for the discovery of additional bioactive, valuable compounds from this natural source. Sea cucumber extracts contain unique components, such as modified triterpene glycosides, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosphingolipids, and esterified phospholipids. Frondanol A5, an isopropyl alcohol/water extract of the enzymatically hydrolyzed epithelia of the edible North Atlantic sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, contains monosulfated triterpenoid glycoside Frondoside A, the disulfated glycoside Frondoside B, the trisulfated glycoside Frondoside C, 12-methyltetradecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. We have extensively studied the efficacy of this extract in preventing colon cancer in rodent models. In this review, we discuss the anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and anti-tumor properties of sea cucumber extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Tripoteau L, Bedoux G, Gagnon J, Bourgougnon N. In vitro antiviral activities of enzymatic hydrolysates extracted from byproducts of the Atlantic holothurian Cucumaria frondosa. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Aminin DL, Menchinskaya ES, Pisliagin EA, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI. Anticancer activity of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1202-23. [PMID: 25756523 PMCID: PMC4377980 DOI: 10.3390/md13031202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpene glycosides are characteristic secondary metabolites of sea cucumbers (Holothurioidea, Echinodermata). They have hemolytic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and other biological activities caused by membranotropic action. These natural products suppress the proliferation of various human tumor cell lines in vitro and, more importantly, intraperitoneal administration in rodents of solutions of some sea cucumber triterpene glycosides significantly reduces both tumor burden and metastasis. The anticancer molecular mechanisms include the induction of tumor cell apoptosis through the activation of intracellular caspase cell death pathways, arrest of the cell cycle at S or G2/M phases, influence on nuclear factors, NF-κB, and up-down regulation of certain cellular receptors and enzymes participating in cancerogenesis, such as EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), Akt (protein kinase B), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), FAK (focal adhesion kinase), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and others. Administration of some glycosides leads to a reduction of cancer cell adhesion, suppression of cell migration and tube formation in those cells, suppression of angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation and tumor invasion. As a result, marked growth inhibition of tumors occurs in vitro and in vivo. Some holothurian triterpene glycosides have the potential to be used as P-gp mediated MDR reversal agents in combined therapy with standard cytostatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry L Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina S Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Evgeny A Pisliagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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23
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Honey-Escandón M, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Solís-Marín FA, Samyn Y. Biological and taxonomic perspective of triterpenoid glycosides of sea cucumbers of the family Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 180:16-39. [PMID: 25263252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of saponins in sea cucumbers, more than 150 triterpene glycosides have been described for the class Holothuroidea. The family Holothuriidae has been increasingly studied in search for these compounds. With many species awaiting recognition and formal description this family currently consists of five genera and the systematics at the species-level taxonomy is, however, not yet fully understood. We provide a bibliographic review of the triterpene glycosides that has been reported within the Holothuriidae and analyzed the relationship of certain compounds with the presence of Cuvierian tubules. We found 40 species belonging to four genera and 121 compounds. Holothurin A and B are the most common saponins for Actinopyga, Holothuria, and Pearsonothuria. The genus Bohadschia presents mainly bivittoside C and D. Actinopyga has only sulfated saponins mainly oxidized, Bohadschia non-sulfated ones mainly non-oxidized, Holothuria and Pearsonothuria contain both types of compounds, mainly oxidized. Within the genus Holothuria, the subgenus Panningothuria only has non-sulfated saponins. The presence of sulfated and non-sulfated compounds seemingly relates to the expellability or the absence of Cuvierian tubules and the temporal or permanent concealing habits of the species. Our study concludes that better insights into the systematic distribution of saponins in Holothuriidae will only be possible if the identifications of the investigated species are confirmed by a taxonomist, especially in this group wherein cryptic species and variation between life-history stages are common and yet poorly understood. Understanding of saponin distribution within the Holothuriidae would also benefit from a stabilization of triterpene glycoside nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Honey-Escandón
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico.
| | - Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín
- Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-350, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Yves Samyn
- Scientific Service of Heritage, Invertebrates Collections, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Park JI, Bae HR, Kim CG, Stonik VA, Kwak JY. Relationships between chemical structures and functions of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers. Front Chem 2014; 2:77. [PMID: 25250309 PMCID: PMC4159031 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine triterpene glycosides have in vitro and in vivo activities with very low toxicity, suggesting that they are suitable agents for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of natural marine compounds in cancer, immune, and other various cells are not fully known. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of marine triterpene glycosides and how these affect their biological activities and molecular mechanisms. In particular, the membranotropic and membranolytic activities of frondoside A and cucumariosides from sea cucumbers and their ability to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis have been discussed, with a focus on structure-activity relationships. In addition, the structural characteristics and antitumor effects of stichoposide C and stichoposide D have been reviewed along with underlying their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Rahn Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Chang Gun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- The Laboratory of Chemistry of Marine Natural Products, G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of ScienceVladivostok, Russia
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
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Bahrami Y, Zhang W, Chataway T, Franco C. Structure elucidation of five novel isomeric saponins from the viscera of the sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4439-73. [PMID: 25110919 PMCID: PMC4145325 DOI: 10.3390/md12084439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are prolific producers of a wide range of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to purify and characterize one class of compound, the saponins, from the viscera of the Australian sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni. The saponins were obtained by ethanolic extraction of the viscera and enriched by a liquid-liquid partition process and adsorption column chromatography. A high performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) was applied to the saponin-enriched mixture to obtain saponins with high purity. The resultant purified saponins were profiled using MALDI-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS which revealed the structure of isomeric saponins to contain multiple aglycones and/or sugar residues. We have elucidated the structure of five novel saponins, Holothurins D/E and Holothurinosides X/Y/Z, along with seven reported triterpene glycosides, including sulfated and non-sulfated saponins containing a range of aglycones and sugar moieties, from the viscera of H. lessoni. The abundance of novel compounds from this species holds promise for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Bahrami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Tim Chataway
- Flinders Proteomics Facility, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Chris Franco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
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Wang J, Han H, Chen X, Yi Y, Sun H. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activity of triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 cells. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4274-90. [PMID: 25062508 PMCID: PMC4145316 DOI: 10.3390/md12084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of thirteen triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra Jaeger and Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus (Holothuroidea) against four human cell lines were detected and their cytotoxicity-structure relationships were established. The apoptosis-inducing activity of a more potent glycoside echinoside A (1) in HepG2 cells was further investigated by determining its effect on the morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that the number of glycosyl residues in sugar chains and the side chain of aglycone could affect their cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and selective cytotoxicity. 1 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. 1 also markedly decreased the Δψm and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA express ratio, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, 1 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. These findings could potentially promote the usage of these glycosides as leading compounds for developing new antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hua Han
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yanghua Yi
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Bahrami Y, Zhang W, Franco C. Discovery of novel saponins from the viscera of the sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2633-67. [PMID: 24821624 PMCID: PMC4052309 DOI: 10.3390/md12052633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers, sometimes referred to as marine ginseng, produce numerous compounds with diverse functions and are potential sources of active ingredients for agricultural, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. We examined the viscera of an Australian sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni Massin et al. 2009, for novel bioactive compounds, with an emphasis on the triterpene glycosides, saponins. The viscera were extracted with 70% ethanol, and this extract was purified by a liquid-liquid partition process and column chromatography, followed by isobutanol extraction. The isobutanol saponin-enriched mixture was further purified by high performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) with high purity and recovery. The resultant purified polar samples were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)/MS and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/MS to identify saponins and characterize their molecular structures. As a result, at least 39 new saponins were identified in the viscera of H. lessoni with a high structural diversity, and another 36 reported triterpene glycosides, containing different aglycones and sugar moieties. Viscera samples have provided a higher diversity and yield of compounds than observed from the body wall. The high structural diversity and novelty of saponins from H. lessoni with potential functional activities presents a great opportunity to exploit their applications for industrial, agricultural and pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Bahrami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Chris Franco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, SA 5042, Australia.
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Stonik VA, Fedorov SN. Marine low molecular weight natural products as potential cancer preventive compounds. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:636-71. [PMID: 24473167 PMCID: PMC3944507 DOI: 10.3390/md12020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to taxonomic positions and special living environments, marine organisms produce secondary metabolites that possess unique structures and biological activities. This review is devoted to recently isolated and/or earlier described marine compounds with potential or established cancer preventive activities, their biological sources, molecular mechanisms of their action, and their associations with human health and nutrition. The review covers literature published in 2003–2013 years and focuses on findings of the last 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Stonik
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
| | - Sergey N Fedorov
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
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Aminin DL, Pislyagin EA, Menchinskaya ES, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI. Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activity of Sea Cucumber Triterpene Glycosides. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Menchinskaya ES, Pislyagin EA, Kovalchyk SN, Davydova VN, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Aminin DL. Antitumor activity of cucumarioside A2-2. Chemotherapy 2013; 59:181-91. [PMID: 24217558 DOI: 10.1159/000354156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytotoxic activity of sea cucumber glycosides against different types of cells and cell lines, including human tumor cell lines, has been studied for many years. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of the antitumor action of triterpene glycosides on cancer cells remain unclear. This article reports a continuation of investigations of triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A2-2 isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica. It describes a study of glycoside anticancer activity in vivo and glycoside interaction with mouse Ehrlich carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS The cytotoxicity of cucumarioside A2-2 and its effect on apoptosis, the cell cycle, DNA biosynthesis and p53 activity, and glycoside anticancer action against Ehrlich carcinoma cells were studied. RESULTS Cucumarioside A2-2 influences tumor cell viability at micromolar concentrations. The EC50 for glycoside estimated by nonspecific esterase assay and MTT assay was 2.1 and 2.7 μM, respectively. Cucumarioside A2-2 at a subcytotoxic range of concentrations exhibits a cytostatic effect by blocking cell proliferation and DNA biosynthesis in the S phase. It may induce apoptosis in tumor cells in a caspase-dependent way, bypassing the activation of the p53-dependent segment. CONCLUSION The anticancer and proapoptotic properties of cucumarioside A2-2 may be due to direct interaction of the glycoside with tumor cells. The in vivo anticancer effect of cucumarioside A2-2 may be associated with the ability of the drug to arrest the cell cycle in the synthetic phase and induce programmed tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Menchinskaya ES, Aminin DL, Avilov SA, Silchenko AS, Andryjashchenko PV, Kalinin VI, Stonik VA. Inhibition of Tumor Cells Multidrug Resistance by Cucumarioside A 2-2, Frondoside A and their Complexes with Cholesterol. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-cytotoxic concentrations, frondoside A (1) from the sea cucumber Cucumaria okhotensis and cucumarioside A2-2 (2) from C. japonica, as well as their complexes with cholesterol block the activity of membrane transport P-glycoprotein in cells of the ascite form of mouse Ehrlich carcinoma. They prevent in this way an efflux of fluorescent probe Calcein from the cells. Since the blocking of P-glycoprotein activity results in decrease of multidrug resistance, these glycosides and their complexes with cholesterol may be considered as potential inhibitors of multidrug resistance of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Pelageya V. Andryjashchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Actinopyga lecanora hydrolysates as natural antibacterial agents. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16796-811. [PMID: 23222684 PMCID: PMC3546722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinopyga lecanora, a type of sea cucumber commonly known as stone fish with relatively high protein content, was explored as raw material for bioactive peptides production. Six proteolytic enzymes, namely alcalase, papain, pepsin, trypsin, bromelain and flavourzyme were used to hydrolyze A. lecanora at different times and their respective degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were calculated. Subsequently, antibacterial activity of the A. lecanora hydrolysates, against some common pathogenic Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas sp.) were evaluated. Papain hydrolysis showed the highest DH value (89.44%), followed by alcalase hydrolysis (83.35%). Bromelain hydrolysate after one and seven hours of hydrolysis exhibited the highest antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas sp., P. aeruginosa and E. coli at 51.85%, 30.07% and 30.45%, respectively compared to the other hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysate generated by papain after 8 h hydrolysis showed maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus at 20.19%. The potent hydrolysates were further fractionated using RP-HPLC and antibacterial activity of the collected fractions from each hydrolysate were evaluated, wherein among them only three fractions from the bromelain hydrolysates exhibited inhibitory activities against Pseudomonas sp., P. aeruginosa and E. coli at 24%, 25.5% and 27.1%, respectively and one fraction of papain hydrolysate showed antibacterial activity of 33.1% against S. aureus. The evaluation of the relationship between DH and antibacterial activities of papain and bromelain hydrolysates revealed a meaningful correlation of four and six order functions.
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Omran NE, Khedr AM. Structure elucidation, protein profile and the antitumor effect of the biological active substance extracted from sea cucumber Holothuria polii. Toxicol Ind Health 2012. [PMID: 23188650 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712466135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) (Holothuriidae) is a sea cucumber inhabiting Mediterranean Sea coast of Egypt. The bioactive compound of its tegument has antifungal, antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. The present study aims to elucidate the structure of the bioactive material of H. polii for pharmacological and chemotaxonomic purposes. Furthermore, the study demonstrates its efficacy as a cytotoxic agents against two tumor cell lines HCT116 (colon adenocarcinoma cell line) and MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma cell line). The biological active compound of the ethanol extract has been characterized by means of infrared (IR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and mass spectra. Protein profile was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxic activity was carried out according to sulforhodamine-B assay. IR, (1)H NMR, UV-Vis and mass spectra showed that the extracted bioactive material is a nonsulfated hexaosides called bivittoside. This glycoside is composed of aglycone and a glycosidic chain (carbohydrate chain) enclosed with six sugar units, including xylose, glucose, 3-O-methylglucose and quinovose. There were no traces of dissolved proteins. The preliminary cytotoxic assay of bivittoside exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against two types of cultured tumor cell lines of HCT116 and MCF7. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 17.4 µg/ml and 18 µg/ml for MCF7 and HCT116, respectively. Although H. polii belongs to the genus Holothuria, the lacking of sulfate group and the fact that it contains up to six monosaccharides make it different from this genus. The present study suggests separation of H. polii from its genus to a new one. On the other hand, results support the hypothesis that H. polii bioactive compound has an antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Ee Omran
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abdalla M Khedr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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3β-O-Glycosylated 16β-acetoxy-9β-H-lanosta-7,24-diene-3β,18,20β-triol, an intermediate metabolite from the sea cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix and its biosynthetic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dou Z, Xu Y, Sun H, Liu Y. Synthesis of PEGylated fullerene-5-fluorouracil conjugates to enhance the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4624-4630. [PMID: 22706520 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs have been delivered by different types of nanoscale vehicles to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a widely used antitumor drug, however its bioavailability still needs to be improved. Herein we synthesized a polyethylene glycol monomethylether-C(60)-5FU conjugate (mPEG-C(60)-5FU) and evaluated its antitumor efficacy in vitro. The results show that the inhibition abilities of mPEG-C(60)-5FU to the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 are significantly higher than that of 5FU. The conjugate has good stability in murine serum for at least 24 h. Moreover, the PEGylated fullerene (mPEG-C(60)) vehicle is non-toxic to MCF-7 cells. These results demonstrate that mPEG-C(60) is an efficient vehicle for the delivery of 5FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengpei Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Pislyagin EA, Gladkikh RV, Kapustina II, Kim NY, Shevchenko VP, Nagaev IY, Avilov SA, Aminin DL. Interaction of holothurian triterpene glycoside with biomembranes of mouse immune cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:1-8. [PMID: 22683181 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro interactions between triterpene glycoside, cucumarioside A(2)-2, isolated from the Far-Eastern holothurian Cucumaria japonica, and mouse splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage biomembranes were studied. Multiple experimental approaches were employed, including determination of biomembrane microviscosity, membrane potential and Ca(2+) signaling, and radioligand binding assays. Cucumarioside A(2)-2 exhibited strong cytotoxic effect in the micromolar range of concentrations and showed pronounced immunomodulatory activity in the nanomolar concentration range. It was established that the cucumarioside A(2)-2 effectively interacted with immune cells and increased the cellular biomembrane microviscosity. This interaction led to a dose-dependent reversible shift in cellular membrane potential and temporary biomembrane depolarization; and an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in the cytoplasm. It is suggested that there are at least two binding sites for [(3)H]-cucumarioside A(2)-2 on cellular membranes corresponding to different biomembrane components: a low affinity site match to membrane cholesterol that is responsible for the cytotoxic properties, and a high affinity site corresponding to a hypothetical receptor that is responsible for immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
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Kiew PL, Don MM. Jewel of the seabed: sea cucumbers as nutritional and drug candidates. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:616-36. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.641944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bordbar S, Anwar F, Saari N. High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods--a review. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1761-1805. [PMID: 22072996 PMCID: PMC3210605 DOI: 10.3390/md9101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as bêche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids. This review is mainly designed to cover the high-value components and bioactives as well as the multiple biological and therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with regard to exploring their potential uses for functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bordbar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.B.); (F.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.B.); (F.A.)
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Aminin DL, Gorpenchenko TY, Bulgakov VP, Andryjashchenko PV, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI. Triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A(2)-2 from sea cucumber stimulates mouse immune cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. J Med Food 2011; 14:594-600. [PMID: 21554137 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Holothurian triterpene glycosides are known to possess multiple biological activities. Here we show that cucumarioside A(2)-2 from the Far-Eastern edible holothurian Cucumaria japonica possesses potent immunomodulatory properties. The present studies were done to determine if cucumarioside A(2)-2 would affect macrophage adhesion, spreading, and motility. Resident peritoneal macrophages, collected from BALB/c mice, were exposed in vitro to low concentrations of cucumarioside A(2)-2 and compared with appropriate controls. Results indicate that 0.02 μg/mL cucumarioside A(2)-2 significantly enhanced macrophage morphology parameters and behavior. The glycoside stimulated these parameters by increasing the number of cells with increased adhesion properties as well as the spreading reaction and motility velocity by at least almost twofold. The data are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties of cucumarioside A(2)-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry L Aminin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russia.
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Aminin DL, Zaporozhets TS, Adryjashchenko PV, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Stonik VA. Radioprotective Properties of Cumaside, a Complex of Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria Japonica and Cholesterol. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective activity has been studied of a new immunomodulatory lead material, Cumaside, which is a complex of monosulfated triterpene glycosides from the edible sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica and cholesterol. Female CD-1 strain mice administered with prophylactic doses of Cumaside were irradiated using a Gamma-therapeutic device with a 60Co source (exposure dose 6.5 Gy, dose rate 1.14 Gy /min) and the average life span of the mice was determined. The animals administrated with Cumaside and irradiated were killed by pervisceral dislocation on days 4 and 9. Peripheral blood cell composition indexes, blood forming function and cell number in blood-forming organs and the number of pluripotent blood-forming stem cells were determined using standard procedures and the results compared with those of non-treated irradiated mice. The survivability percentage and average life span of the irradiated mice that were not treated with Cumaside were decreased in comparison with the Cumaside-treated groups. Especially, the leukocyte and neutrophil numbers in the blood (bone marrow from hip), and the weight and cell number of lymphoid organs were higher in the Cumaside-treated groups compared with the non-treated irradiated mice. It was concluded that at low prophylactic doses Cumaside possesses moderate radioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry L. Aminin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Zaporozhets
- Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 690087, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pelageya V. Adryjashchenko
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
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