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Ayaz M, Mosa OF, Nawaz A, Hamdoon AAE, Elkhalifa MEM, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ahmed A, Kabra A, Khan H, Murthy HCA. Neuroprotective potentials of Lead phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease with focus on oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways: Pharmacokinetic challenges, target specificity, clinical trials and future perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155272. [PMID: 38181530 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and dementia are among the highly prevalent neurological disorders characterized by deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques, dense deposits of highly phosphorylated tau proteins, insufficiency of acetylcholine (ACh) and imbalance in glutamatergic system. Patients typically experience cognitive, behavioral alterations and are unable to perform their routine activities. Evidence also suggests that inflammatory processes including excessive microglia activation, high expression of inflammatory cytokines and release of free radicals. Thus, targeting inflammatory pathways beside other targets might be the key factors to control- disease symptoms and progression. PURPOSE This review is aimed to highlight the mechanisms and pathways involved in the neuroprotective potentials of lead phytochemicals. Further to provide updates regarding challenges associated with their use and their progress into clinical trials as potential lead compounds. METHODS Most recent scientific literature on pre-clinical and clinical data published in quality journals especially on the lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin was collected using SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, JSTOR, EBSCO, Scopus and other related web sources. RESULTS Literature review indicated that the drug discovery against AD is insufficient and only few drugs are clinically approved which have limited efficacy. Among the therapeutic options, natural products have got tremendous attraction owing to their molecular diversity, their safety and efficacy. Research suggest that natural products can delay the disease onset, reduce its progression and regenerate the damage via their anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. These agents regulate the pathways involved in the release of neurotrophins which are implicated in neuronal survival and function. Highly potential lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin regulate neuroprotective signaling pathways implicated in neurotrophins-mediated activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) and p75 neurotrophins receptor (p75NTR) family receptors. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals especially phenolic compounds were identified as highly potential molecules which ameliorate oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration, reduce Aβ load and inhibit vital enzymes. Yet their clinical efficacy and bioavailability are the major challenges which need further interventions for more effective therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
| | - Osama F Mosa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Modawy Elnour Modawy Elkhalifa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alshebli Ahmed
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - H C Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and technical science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ye B, He D, Hu J, Yang S, Gao X, Cui M, Li Z, Wang H, Huang B, Fu S, Liu D. Notopterol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells via AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110334. [PMID: 37244113 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating research has indicated that inordinate activation of microglia releases inflammatory cytokines, damages neurons, and causes neuroinflammation, which eventually could lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, etc. Notopterol (NOT) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant functions in boundary tissues, but the effects of NOT on neuroinflammation have not been covered. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effect of NOT on neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanisms. According to the findings, NOT dramatically decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) in LPS-exposed BV-2 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that NOT could promote the activation of AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Further studies have shown that anti-inflammatory property of NOT was inhibited by MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor), RA (an Nrf2 inhibitor), and SnPP IX (an HO-1 inhibitor). In addition, it was also discovered that NOT could weaken the damage of LPS to BV-2 cells and improve their survival rate. As a result, our results imply that NOT inhibits the inflammatory response of BV-2 cells through the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis and exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the activation of BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojian Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dewei He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyu Gao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingchi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hefei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bingxu Huang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Kooshki L, Zarneshan SN, Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Echeverria J. The pivotal role of JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanistic approaches to polyphenols and alkaloids. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154686. [PMID: 36804755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunctionality which results in disability and human life-threatening events. In recent decades, NDDs are on the rise. Besides, conventional drugs have not shown potential effectiveness to attenuate the complications of NDDs. So, exploring novel therapeutic agents is an urgent need to combat such disorders. Accordingly, growing evidence indicates that polyphenols and alkaloids are promising natural candidates, possessing several beneficial pharmacological effects against diseases. Considering the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind NDDs, Janus kinase (JAK), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) seem to play critical roles during neurodegeneration/neuroregeneration. In this line, modulation of the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways and their interconnected mediators by polyphenols/alkaloids could play pivotal roles in combating NDDs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, aging, multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), depression and other neurological disorders. PURPOSE Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective roles of polyphenols/alkaloids as multi-target natural products against NDDs which are critically passing through the modulation of the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic and comprehensive review was performed to highlight the modulatory roles of polyphenols and alkaloids on the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways in NDDs, according to the PRISMA guideline, using scholarly electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and associated reference lists. RESULTS In the present study 141 articles were included from a total of 1267 results. The results showed that phenolic compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and quercetin, and alkaloids such as berberine could be introduced as new strategies in combating NDDs through JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathways. This is the first systematic review that reveals the correlation between the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K axis which is targeted by phytochemicals in NDDs. Hence, this review highlighted promising insights into the neuroprotective potential of polyphenols and alkaloids through the JAK/STAT and IRS/PI3K signaling pathway and interconnected mediators toward neuroprotection. CONCLUSION Amongst natural products, phenolic compounds and alkaloids are multi-targeting agents with the most antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects possessing the potential of combating NDDs with high efficacy and lower toxicity. However, additional reports are needed to prove the efficacy and possible side effects of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Kim KW, Lee YS, Yoon D, Kim GS, Lee DY. The ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa grown in Korea exhibits anti-neuroinflammatory effects by activating of nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:343. [PMID: 36585647 PMCID: PMC9804997 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcuma longa has been used as spices, food preservative, coloring material, and traditional medicine. This plant also has long been used for a variety of diseases including dyslipidemia, stomach disorders, arthritis, and hepatic diseases. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the 50% ethanolic extract of C. longa in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells. METHODS Griess reaction was employed to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by using profit ELISA kits. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). RESULTS Pre-treatment with CLE inhibited the overproduction and overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced BV2 cells. In addition, CLE suppressed the activation of the NF-κB and three MAPK signaling pathways. Treatment with CLE induced HO-1 protein expression by activating Nrf2 pathway, and inhibiting the HO-1 expression reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of CLE. CONCLUSION CLE showed anti-neuroinflammatory effects against LPS-induced microglial cells activation through the inhibition of production and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by negative regulation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. These anti-neuroinflammatory effects of CLE were mediated by HO-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Taken together, the present study suggests a potent effect of CLE to prevent neuroinflammatory diseases. It is necessary to perform additional efficacy evaluation through in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Woo Kim
- grid.420186.90000 0004 0636 2782Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 27709 Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- grid.420186.90000 0004 0636 2782Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 27709 Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- grid.420186.90000 0004 0636 2782Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 27709 Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Soog Kim
- grid.420186.90000 0004 0636 2782Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 27709 Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- grid.420186.90000 0004 0636 2782Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 27709 Eumseong, Republic of Korea
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Dadgostar E, Moghanlou M, Parvaresh M, Mohammadi S, Khandan M, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Can Berberine Serve as a New Therapy for Parkinson's Disease? Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1096-1102. [PMID: 35666433 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration and deposition of alpha-synuclein. Mechanisms associated with PD etiology include oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and abnormalities in neurotransmission, to name a few. Drugs used to treat PD have shown significant limitations in their efficacy. Therefore, recent focus has been placed on the potential of active plant ingredients as alternative, complementary, and efficient treatments. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid that has shown promise as a pharmacological treatment in PD, given its ability to modulate several molecular pathway associated with the disease. Here, we review contemporary knowledge supporting the need to further characterize berberine as a potential treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Moghanlou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Parvaresh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Salimeh Mohammadi
- Anatomical Science Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Khandan
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Zhang S, Duan S, Xie Z, Bao W, Xu B, Yang W, Zhou L. Epigenetic Therapeutics Targeting NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling in Cancer Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924817. [PMID: 35754474 PMCID: PMC9218606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its negative regulator kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulate various genes involved in redox homeostasis, which protects cells from stress conditions such as reactive oxygen species and therefore exerts beneficial effects on suppression of carcinogenesis. In addition to their pivotal role in cellular physiology, accumulating innovative studies indicated that NRF2/KEAP1-governed pathways may conversely be oncogenic and cause therapy resistance, which was profoundly modulated by epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulation in NRF2/KEAP1 signaling is a potential strategy for cancer treatment. In this paper, the current knowledge on the role of NRF2/KEAP1 signaling in cancer oxidative stress is presented, with a focus on how epigenetic modifications might influence cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, the prospect that epigenetic changes may be used as therapeutic targets for tumor treatment is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sining Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanlin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medical Affairs, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cheng Z, Kang C, Che S, Su J, Sun Q, Ge T, Guo Y, Lv J, Sun Z, Yang W, Li B, Li X, Cui R. Berberine: A Promising Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845591. [PMID: 35668943 PMCID: PMC9164284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, as a natural alkaloid compound, is characterized by a diversity of pharmacological effects. In recent years, many researches focused on the role of berberine in central nervous system diseases. Among them, the effect of berberine on neurodegenerative diseases has received widespread attention, for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and so on. Recent evidence suggests that berberine inhibits the production of neuroinflammation, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects can further reduce neuron damage and apoptosis. Although the current research has made some progress, its specific mechanism still needs to be further explored. This review provides an overview of berberine in neurodegenerative diseases and its related mechanisms, and also provides new ideas for future research on berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenglan Kang
- Department of Cardiology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songtian Che
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyun Su
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qihan Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Živančević K, Baralić K, Bozic D, Miljaković EA, Djordjević AB, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Bulat P, Đukić-Ćosić D. Involvement of environmentally relevant toxic metal mixture in Alzheimer's disease pathway alteration and protective role of berberine: Bioinformatics analysis and toxicogenomic screening. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaur N, Chugh H, Sakharkar MK, Dhawan U, Chidambaram SB, Chandra R. Neuroinflammation Mechanisms and Phytotherapeutic Intervention: A Systematic Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3707-3731. [PMID: 33146995 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is indicated in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic neurological disorders. Acute lesions in the brain parenchyma induce intense and highly complex neuroinflammatory reactions with similar mechanisms among various disease prototypes. Microglial cells in the CNS sense tissue damage and initiate inflammatory responses. The cellular and humoral constituents of the neuroinflammatory reaction to brain injury contribute significantly to secondary brain damage and neurodegeneration. Inflammatory cascades such as proinflammatory cytokines from invading leukocytes and direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity between lymphocytes and neurons are known to cause "collateral damage" in models of acute brain injury. In addition to degeneration and neuronal cell loss, there are secondary inflammatory mechanisms that modulate neuronal activity and affect neuroinflammation which can even be detected at the behavioral level. Hence, several of health conditions result from these pathogenetic conditions which are underlined by progressive neuronal function loss due to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. In the first part of this Review, we discuss critical neuroinflammatory mediators and their pathways in detail. In the second part, we review the phytochemicals which are considered as potential therapeutic molecules for treating neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navrinder Kaur
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Heerak Chugh
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Meena K. Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Sasketchwan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Uma Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), S.S. Nagar, Mysuru-570015, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research JSS AHER, Mysuru-570015, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
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Mohi-Ud-Din R, Mir RH, Mir PA, Farooq S, Raza SN, Raja WY, Masoodi MH, Singh IP, Bhat ZA. Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:624-644. [PMID: 33143603 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999201102141206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. OBJECTIVE The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. CONCLUSION A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory both in vitro and in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Saeema Farooq
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Naiem Raza
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Weekar Younis Raja
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Amritsar Pharmacy College, 12 KM stone Amritsar Jalandhar GT Road, Mandwala-143001, India
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
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11
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Wu LH, Huang BR, Lai SW, Lin C, Lin HY, Yang LY, Lu DY. SIRT1 activation by minocycline on regulation of microglial polarization homeostasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17990-18007. [PMID: 33021962 PMCID: PMC7585093 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to be involved in the mechanisms underlying longevity and has also been indicated as a valuable regulator of age-related neurological disorders. Some natural products increase SIRT1 activity and stimulate deacetylation of various proteins. In the present study, SIRT1 overexpression by genetic modification or treatment with SIRT1 activators significantly inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and proinflammatory mediator-interleukin 1β-in microglia. SIRT1 activation also decreased the levels of K379 acetyl-p53 and the protein inhibitor of activated Stat 1 expression in microglial cells. In addition, it dramatically promoted M2 polarization of microglia, which enhanced cell motility and altered phagocytic ability. We also used minocycline, a well-known inhibitor of microglial activation, to study the mechanism of SIRT1 signaling. Minocycline treatment decreased neuroinflammatory responses and promoted M2 polarization of microglia. It also reduced the acetyl-p53 level in the brain tissues in an inflammatory mouse model. Our findings demonstrated that SIRT1 participates in the maintenance of microglial polarization homeostasis and that minocycline exerts regulatory effects on SIRT1 activation. Therefore, our results indicate that SIRT1 activation may be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Berberine Attenuates Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophage Foam Cells by Suppressing AP-1 Activity and Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 75:45-53. [PMID: 31895879 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation condition resulting from the interaction between lipoproteins, monocyte-derived macrophages, T lymphocytes, and other cellular elements in the arterial wall. Macrophage-derived foam cells play a key role in both early and advanced stage of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that berberine could inhibit foam cell formation and prevent experimental atherosclerosis. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In this study, we explored the cholesterol-lowering effects of berberine in macrophage-derived foam cells and investigated its possible mechanisms in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrated that berberine could inhibit atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and induce cholesterol reduction as well as decrease the content of macrophages. Berberine can regulate oxLDL uptake and cholesterol efflux, thus suppresses foam cell formation. Mechanisms study showed that berberine can suppress scavenger receptor expression via inhibiting the activity of AP-1 and upregulate ATP-binding cassette transporter via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in human macrophage. In summary, berberine significantly inhibits atherosclerotic disease development by regulating lipid homeostasis and suppressing macrophage foam cell formation.
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13
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Ashrafizadeh M, Fekri HS, Ahmadi Z, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Therapeutic and biological activities of berberine: The involvement of Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1575-1585. [PMID: 31609017 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, studies have focused on developing drugs from naturally occurring compounds. Berberine (Brb) as a plant-derived compound is of interest. It is an isoquinone alkaloid which is derived from Berberis aristata, Berberis aquifolium and Berberis vulgaris. This plant-derived compound has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Various studies have demonstrated the therapeutic and biological activities of Brb, but there is a lack of a precise review to manifest the signaling pathway of action of Brb. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a highly conserved pathway which mainly involves in preservation of redox balance. At the present review, we describe the therapeutic and biological activities of Brb as well as the relevant mechanisms specially focused on the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjat Samareh Fekri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Central Research Laboratory, Deputy of Research, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Han CY, Sun TT, Xv GP, Wang SS, Gu JG, Liu CY. Berberine ameliorates CCl4‑induced liver injury in rats through regulation of the Nrf2‑Keap1‑ARE and p53 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3095-3102. [PMID: 31432116 PMCID: PMC6755230 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid, reported to have multiple pharmacological functions. However, its effects against CCl4‑induced oxidative damage remain poorly studied. Therefore, the present study investigated the protective action of BBR, and its antioxidant mechanisms, against CCl4‑induced liver injury in rats. A total of 48 rats were randomly arranged into six groups: Control; model; positive control (PC); BBR low‑dose (BL); BBR middle‑dose (BM); and BBR high‑dose (BH). The BL, BM and BH animals received BBR (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg by weight, respectively) orally for 7 consecutive days. Rats in the PC group were given silymarin (150 mg/kg), and the control and model groups were administered distilled water orally. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and livers were collected. To measure the liver biochemical indices, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the expression levels of related genes and protein, the following methods were used: An automatic biochemical analyzer; flow cytometry; spectrophotometry; reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR; western blotting; and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results revealed that BBR significantly decreased the serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, and increased those of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, but decreased malondialdehyde activity in hepatic tissue, and significantly decreased the reactive oxygen species level in hepatocytes. In hepatic tissue, the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2), kelch‑like ECH‑associated protein 1 (Keap-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO‑1), Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑xL mRNA, and HO‑1 protein were elevated, and the expression of p53 mRNA was decreased, particularly in the BH group (15 mg/kg). In conclusion, BBR exerts a protective action against CCl4‑induced acute liver injury in rats via effectively regulating the expression of Nrf2‑Keap1‑antioxidant responsive element‑related genes and proteins, and inhibiting p53 pathway‑mediated hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Tao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Pei Xv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Gang Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Yan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
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Huang C, Wu J, Chen D, Jin J, Wu Y, Chen Z. Effects of sulforaphane in the central nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:153-168. [PMID: 30858063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an active component extracted from vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli. Activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling is a common mechanism for the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of some herb-derived compounds, such as icariin and berberine. However, due to its peculiar ability in Nrf2 activation, SFN is recognized as an activator of Nrf2 and recommended as a supplementation for prevention and/or treatment of disorders like neoplasm and heart failure. In the central nervous system (CNS), the prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects of SFN have been revealed in recent years. For example, it has been reported to prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders via promotion of neurogenesis or inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. SFN is also implicated in reversing cognition, learning, and memory impairment in rodents induced by scopolamine, lipopolysaccharide, okadaic acid, and diabetes. In models of neurotoxicity, SFN has been shown to suppress neurotoxicity induced by a wide range of toxic factors, such as hydrogen peroxide, prion protein, hyperammonemia, and methamphetamine. To date, no consolidated source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of SFN in the CNS has been presented in the literature. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of SFN as well as their possible mechanisms in prevention and/or therapy of disorders afflicting the CNS, aiming to get a further insight into how SFN affects the pathophysiological process of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Tsai CF, Chen JH, Chang CN, Lu DY, Chang PC, Wang SL, Yeh WL. Fisetin inhibits cell migration via inducing HO-1 and reducing MMPs expression in breast cancer cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:528-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Wang J, Ran Q, Zeng HR, Wang L, Hu CJ, Huang QW. Cellular stress response mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis: a systematic review. Chin Med 2018; 13:27. [PMID: 29930696 PMCID: PMC5992750 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma coptidis has been used in China for thousands of years with the functions of heating dampness and purging fire detoxification. But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. Alkaloids, especially berberine, coptisine and palmatine, are responsible for multiple pharmacological effects of Rhizoma coptidis. In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K–Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K–Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Hai-Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
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18
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Liu Y, Liu X, Hua W, Wei Q, Fang X, Zhao Z, Ge C, Liu C, Chen C, Tao Y, Zhu Y. Berberine inhibits macrophage M1 polarization via AKT1/SOCS1/NF-κB signaling pathway to protect against DSS-induced colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:121-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Serotonin transporter and receptor ligands with antidepressant activity as neuroprotective and proapoptotic agents. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:469-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Sedaghat R, Taab Y, Kiasalari Z, Afshin-Majd S, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Berberine ameliorates intrahippocampal kainate-induced status epilepticus and consequent epileptogenic process in the rat: Underlying mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:200-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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21
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Guo C, Yang L, Wan CX, Xia YZ, Zhang C, Chen MH, Wang ZD, Li ZR, Li XM, Geng YD, Kong LY. Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of Sophoraflavanone G from Sophora alopecuroides in LPS-activated BV2 microglia by MAPK, JAK/STAT and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1629-1637. [PMID: 27823627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Sophora alopecuroides is widely used in traditional Uighur's medicine for the treatment of inflammation. Sophoraflavanone G (SG), a major flavonoid found in the S. alopecuroides, has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of S. alopecuroides and SG on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has not been investigated. PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of S. alopecuroides and SG against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglial cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We measured the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and analyzed relevant mRNA and protein expressions by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS S. alopecuroides extract (SAE) and SG inhibited the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Additionally, SG reduced gene expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and further decreased the protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Mechanism studies found that SG down-regulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and up-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression via nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, SG inhibited the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium prepared by LPS-activated BV2 microglia to neuronal PC12 cells and improved cell viability. CONCLUSION S. alopecuroides and SG displayed anti-neuroinflammatory activity in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. SG was able to inhibit the neuroinflammation by MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways and might act as a natural therapeutic agent to be further developed for the treatment of various neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chuan-Xing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya-Di Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Berberine and inflammatory bowel disease: A concise review. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:592-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chang CF, Lee YC, Lee KH, Lin HC, Chen CL, Shen CKJ, Huang CC. Therapeutic effect of berberine on TDP-43-related pathogenesis in FTLD and ALS. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:72. [PMID: 27769241 PMCID: PMC5073438 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the central nervous system regions of the sporadic and familial FTLD and ALS patients, TDP-43 has been identified as the major component of UBIs inclusions which is abnormally hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved into C-terminal fragments to form detergent-insoluble aggregates. So far, the effective drugs for FTLD and ALS neurodegenerative diseases are yet to be developed. Autophagy has been demonstrated as the major metabolism route of the pathological TDP-43 inclusions, hence activation of autophagy is a potential therapeutic strategy for TDP-43 pathogenesis in FTLD and ALS. Berberine, a traditional herbal medicine, is an inhibitor of mTOR signal and an activator for autophagy. Berberine has been implicated in several kinds of diseases, including the neuronal-related pathogenesis, such as Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of berberine on FTLD or ALS pathology has never been investigated. Results Here we studied the molecular mechanism of berberine in cell culture model with TDP-43 proteinopathies, and found that berberine is able to reverse the processing of insoluble TDP-43 aggregates formation through deregulation of mTOR/p70S6K signal and activation of autophagic degradation pathway. And inhibition of autophagy by specific autophagosome inhibitor, 3-MA, reverses the effect of berberine on reducing the accumulation of insoluble TDP-43 and aggregates formation. These results gave us the notion that inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA reverses the effect of berberine on TDP-43 pathogenesis, and activation of mTOR-regulated autophagy plays an important role in berberine-mediated therapeutic effect on TDP-43 proteinopathies. Conclusion We supported an important notion that the traditional herb berberine is a potential alternative therapy for TDP-43-related neuropathology. Here we demonstrated that berberine is able to reverse the processing of insoluble TDP-43 aggregates formation through deregulation of mTOR/p70S6K signal and activation of autophagic degradation pathway. mTOR-autophagy signals plays an important role in berberine-mediated autophagic clearance of TDP-43 aggregates. Exploring the detailed mechanism of berberine on TDP-43 proteinopathy provides a better understanding for the therapeutic development in FTLD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fu Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Translational Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Berberis Vulgaris and Berberine: An Update Review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1745-1764. [PMID: 27528198 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid present in several plants, including Coptis sp. and Berberis sp. Berberine is a customary component in Chinese medicine, and is characterized by a diversity of pharmacological effects. An extensive search in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Wiley, ProQuest, ISI, and Science Direct) were used to identify the pharmacological and clinical studies on Berberis vulgaris and berberine, during 2008 to 2015, using 'berberine' and 'Berberis vulgaris' as search words. We found more than 1200 new article studying the properties and clinical uses of berberine and B. vulgaris, for treating tumor, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cerebral ischemia trauma, mental disease, Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, and so on. In this article, we have updated the pharmacological effects of B. vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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25
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Qin S, Hou DX. Multiple regulations of Keap1/Nrf2 system by dietary phytochemicals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1731-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Qin
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
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Libro R, Giacoppo S, Soundara Rajan T, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Natural Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia: An Overview. Molecules 2016; 21:518. [PMID: 27110749 PMCID: PMC6274085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The word dementia describes a class of heterogeneous diseases which etiopathogenetic mechanisms are not well understood. There are different types of dementia, among which, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the more common. Currently approved pharmacological treatments for most forms of dementia seem to act only on symptoms without having profound disease-modifying effects. Thus, alternative strategies capable of preventing the progressive loss of specific neuronal populations are urgently required. In particular, the attention of researchers has been focused on phytochemical compounds that have shown antioxidative, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and that could represent important resources in the discovery of drug candidates against dementia. In this review, we summarize the neuroprotective effects of the main phytochemicals belonging to the polyphenol, isothiocyanate, alkaloid and cannabinoid families in the prevention and treatment of the most common kinds of dementia. We believe that natural phytochemicals may represent a promising sources of alternative medicine, at least in association with therapies approved to date for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaliana Libro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Jung JS, Choi MJ, Ko HM, Kim HS. Short-chain C2 ceramide induces heme oxygenase-1 expression by upregulating AMPK and MAPK signaling pathways in rat primary astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2016; 94:39-47. [PMID: 26873583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide belongs to the group of sphingolipid metabolites that are produced in the brain and peripheral systems and act as intracellular second messengers. Although some physiological roles of ceramide have been reported in the brain, the role of ceramide in astrocytes has not been clearly demonstrated. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of the cell-permeable short-chain C2 ceramide in rat brain astrocytes. C2 ceramide inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species generation and subsequent cell death in rat primary astrocytes. C2 ceramide increased the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) that are under the control of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that C2 ceramide increased the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and c-Jun to the antioxidant response element (ARE), and increased ARE-mediated transcriptional activity. Moreover, C2 ceramide increased the interaction between Nrf2 and c-Jun as shown by antibody co-immunoprecipitation assay. Further analysis of signaling pathways revealed that AMPK and MAP kinases are involved in HO-1 expression by modulating ARE-mediated transcriptional activity. Therefore, the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes by C2 ceramide may be a potential therapeutic modality for neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ji Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Myung Ko
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) represents a family of neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by misfolded proteins. The misfolded proteins accumulate in the affected brain regions in an age-dependent manner to cause late-onset neurodegeneration. Transgenic mouse models expressing the HD protein, huntingtin, have been widely used to identify therapeutics that may retard disease progression. Here we report that Berberine (BBR), an organic small molecule isolated from plants, has protective effects on transgenic HD (N171-82Q) mice. We found that BBR can reduce the accumulation of mutant huntingtin in cultured cells. More importantly, when given orally, BBR could effectively alleviate motor dysfunction and prolong the survival of transgenic N171-82Q HD mice. We found that BBR could promote the degradation of mutant huntingtin by enhancing autophagic function. Since BBR is an orally-taken drug that has been safely used to treat a number of diseases, our findings suggest that BBR can be tested on different HD animal models and HD patients to further evaluate its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
- Graduate Program of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430032, China
| | - Marta A. Gaertig
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Shihua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kumar A, Ekavali, Chopra K, Mukherjee M, Pottabathini R, Dhull DK. Current knowledge and pharmacological profile of berberine: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:288-97. [PMID: 26092760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, occurs as an active constituent in numerous medicinal plants and has an array of pharmacological properties. It has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antidiarrheal and antitrachoma activity. Moreover, several clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate ameliorative effect of berberine against several disorders including metabolic, neurological and cardiological problems. This review provides a summary regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of berberine, with a focus on the different mechanisms underlying its multispectrum activity. Studies regarding the safety profile, drug interactions and important clinical trials of berberine have also been included. Clinical trials with respect to neurological disorders need to be undertaken to exploit the beneficiary effects of berberine against serious disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Also, clinical studies to detect rare adverse effects of berberine need to be initiated to draw a complete safety profile of berberine and strengthen its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ekavali
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Madhurima Mukherjee
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Raghavender Pottabathini
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dinesh K Dhull
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Huang SM, Lin C, Lin HY, Chiu CM, Fang CW, Liao KF, Chen DR, Yeh WL. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates cell motility in human colon cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:455-64. [PMID: 25876647 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has been shown to affect cancer cell metastasis and migration. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of BDNF-induced cell migration in colon cancer cells. The migratory activities of two colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, were found to be increased in the presence of human BDNF. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO)-1 is known to be involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie HO-1 in the regulation of colon cancer cell migration remain unclear. Expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA increased in response to BDNF stimulation. The BDNF-induced increase in cell migration was antagonized by a HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 siRNA. Furthermore, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also increased in response to BDNF stimulation, as did VEGF mRNA expression and transcriptional activity. The increase in BDNF-induced cancer cell migration was antagonized by a VEGF-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, transfection with HO-1 siRNA effectively reduced the increased VEGF expression induced by BDNF. The BDNF-induced cell migration was regulated by the ERK, p38, and Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, BDNF-increased HO-1 and VEGF promoter transcriptional activity were inhibited by ERK, p38, and AKT pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants in colon cancer cells. These results indicate that BDNF increases the migration of colon cancer cells by regulating VEGF/HO-1 activation through the ERK, p38, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. The results of this study may provide a relevant contribution to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which BDNF promotes colon cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ming Huang
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Ch
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chiu
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Fang
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Liao
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Ch
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Community MedicinePreventive Medicine CenterDivision of Colon and Rectal SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of MedicineTzu Chi University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of PhysiologySchool of MedicineGraduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive SciencesChina Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Chinese MedicineGraduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanComprehensive Breast Cancer CenterDepartment of Cell and Tissue EngineeringChanghua Christian Hospital, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
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Lin C, Lin HY, Chen JH, Tseng WP, Ko PY, Liu YS, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Effects of paeonol on anti-neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8844-60. [PMID: 25906473 PMCID: PMC4425112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies suggest that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Development of planning for microglial suppression is considered a key strategy in the search for neuroprotection. Paeonol is a major phenolic component of Moutan Cortex, widely used as a nutrient supplement in Chinese medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of paeonol on microglial cells stimulated by inflammagens. Paeonol significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Treatment with paeonol also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibited an ATP-induced increased cell migratory activity. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of neuroinflammation by paeonol were found to be regulated by phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK 3α/β). Treatment with AMPK or GSK3 inhibitors reverse the inhibitory effect of neuroinflammation by paeonol in microglial cells. Furthermore, paeonol treatment also showed significant improvement in the rotarod performance and microglial activation in the mouse model as well. The present study is the first to report a novel inhibitory role of paeonol on neuroinflammation, and presents a new candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Pei Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ying Ko
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Srivastava S, Srivastava M, Misra A, Pandey G, Rawat AKS. A review on biological and chemical diversity in Berberis (Berberidaceae). EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:247-67. [PMID: 26535033 PMCID: PMC4614447 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Berberis is an important genus and well known in the Indian as well as European systems of traditional medicine. It is used since ancient times for curing eye disease, fever, jaundice, rheumatism, vomiting during pregnancy, kidney and gall balder stones and various other ailments due to the presence of biologically active alkaloid berberine. Action of the root extracts of few species are believed to be as powerful as quinine in the treatment of malarial fever. A plethora of literature pertaining to the taxonomy, biology, chemistry, traditional and ethnic uses of Berberis in different countries and indigenous cultures was collected by both offline (library, journals, textbooks etc.) and online mode (electronic search of available databases). In addition to this, books on traditional medicine and ethno pharmacological knowledge were also referred to extract ancient uses of Berberis in different traditional medicine systems. Most of the folklore, traditional and ethno botanical claims about Berberis species were validated by broad spectrum in vitro and vivo pharmacological studies. The present article summarizes its usage in eye and liver disorder, fever, kidney and gall stones along with anticancer activity. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Manjoosha Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Garima Pandey
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - AKS Rawat
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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Jeong YH, Park JS, Kim DH, Kim HS. Arctigenin Increases Hemeoxygenase-1 Gene Expression by Modulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Rat Primary Astrocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:497-502. [PMID: 25489416 PMCID: PMC4256028 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we found that the natural compound arctigenin inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in rat primary astrocytes. Since hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a critical role as an antioxidant defense factor in the brain, we examined the effect of arctigenin on HO-1 expression in rat primary astrocytes. We found that arctigenin increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels. Arctigenin also increases the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of Nrf2/c-Jun to the antioxidant response element (ARE) on HO-1 promoter. In addition, arctigenin increased ARE-mediated transcriptional activities in rat primary astrocytes. Further mechanistic studies revealed that arctigenin increased the phosphorylation of AKT, a downstream substrate of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Treatment of cells with a PI3K-specific inhibitor, LY294002, suppressed the HO-1 expression, Nrf2 DNA binding and ARE-mediated transcriptional activities in arctigenin-treated astrocyte cells. The results collectively suggest that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is at least partly involved in HO-1 expression by arctigenin via modulation of Nrf2/ARE axis in rat primary astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hui Jeong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul 158-710
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul 158-710
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul 158-710
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Chuang JY, Chang PC, Shen YC, Lin C, Tsai CF, Chen JH, Yeh WL, Wu LH, Lin HY, Liu YS, Lu DY. Regulatory effects of fisetin on microglial activation. Molecules 2014; 19:8820-39. [PMID: 24972270 PMCID: PMC6271444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19078820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system that are mediated by microglial activation play a key role in neurodegeneration. Fisetin, a plant flavonol commonly found in fruits and vegetables, is frequently added to nutritional supplements due to its antioxidant properties. In the present study, treatment with fisetin inhibited microglial cell migration and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. Treatment with fisetin also effectively inhibited LPS plus IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in microglial cells. Furthermore, fisetin also reduced expressions of iNOS and NO by stimulation of peptidoglycan, the major component of the Gram-positive bacterium cell wall. Fisetin also inhibited the enhancement of LPS/IFN-γ- or peptidoglycan-induced inflammatory mediator IL (interlukin)-1 β expression. Besides the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin, our study also elucidates the manner in fisetin-induced an endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme HO (heme oxygenase)-1 expression. Moreover, the regulatory molecular mechanism of fisetin-induced HO-1 expression operates through the PI-3 kinase/AKT and p38 signaling pathways in microglia. Notably, fisetin also significantly attenuated inflammation-related microglial activation and coordination deficit in mice in vivo. These findings suggest that fisetin may be a candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Shen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Hun Lee J, Shu L, Fuentes F, Su ZY, Tony Kong AN. Cancer chemoprevention by traditional chinese herbal medicine and dietary phytochemicals: targeting nrf2-mediated oxidative stress/anti-inflammatory responses, epigenetics, and cancer stem cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:69-79. [PMID: 24716158 PMCID: PMC3924975 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive metabolites of carcinogens alters cellular homeostasis, leading to genetic/epigenetic changes, genomic instability, neoplastic transformation, and cancer initiation/progression. As a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes reduce these reactive species and protect normal cells from endo-/exogenous oxidative damage. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the antioxidative stress response, plays a critical role in the expression of many cytoprotective enzymes, including NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Recent studies demonstrated that many dietary phytochemicals derived from various vegetables, fruits, spices, and herbal medicines induce Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes, restore aberrant epigenetic alterations, and eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs). The Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response prevents many age-related diseases, including cancer. Owing to their fundamental contribution to carcinogenesis, epigenetic modifications and CSCs are novel targets of dietary phytochemicals and traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM). In this review, we summarize cancer chemoprevention by dietary phytochemicals, including TCHM, which have great potential as a safer and more effective strategy for preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ; Department of Desert Agriculture and Biotechnology, Arturo Prat University, PO box 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Comparison of Two Old Phytochemicals versus Two Newly Researched Plant-Derived Compounds: Potential for Brain and Other Relevant Ailments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:682717. [PMID: 24949079 PMCID: PMC4034649 DOI: 10.1155/2014/682717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among hundreds of formulae of Chinese herbal prescriptions and recently extracted active components from the herbs, some of which had demonstrated their functions on nervous system. For the last decade or more, Gingko biloba and Polygala tenuifolia were widely studied for their beneficial effects against damage to the brain. Two compounds extracted from Apium graveolens and Rhizoma coptidis, butylphthalide and berberine, respectively, received much attention recently as potential neuroprotective agents. In this review, the two traditionally used herbs and the two relatively new compounds will be discussed with regard to their potential advantages in alleviating brain and other relevant ailments.
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p53 is a key regulator for osthole-triggered cancer pathogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:175247. [PMID: 25013761 PMCID: PMC4075183 DOI: 10.1155/2014/175247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osthole has been reported to have antitumor activities via the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell growth and metastasis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of osthole in human colon cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we have assessed osthole-induced cell death in two different human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480. Our results also showed that osthole activated proapoptotic signaling pathways in human colon cancer cells. By using cell culture insert system, osthole reduced cell motility in both human colon cancer cell lines. This study also provides evidence supporting the potential of osthole in p53 activation. Expression of p53, an apoptotic protein, was remarkably upregulated in cells treated with osthole. Importantly, the levels of phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15 (p-p53) and acetylation of p53 on Lys379 (acetyl-p53) were increased under osthole treatment. Our results also demonstrated that p53 was activated followed by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Our study provides novel insights of p53-mediated responses under osthole treatment. Taken together, we concluded that osthole induces cancer cell death and inhibits migratory activity in a controlled manner and is a promising candidate for antitumor drug development.
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Hsieh WT, Yeh WL, Cheng RY, Lin C, Tsai CF, Huang BR, Wu CYJ, Lin HY, Huang SS, Lu DY. Exogenous endothelin-1 induces cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase expression in U251 human glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:257-269. [PMID: 24756349 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor characterized by its rapid infiltration to surrounding tissues during the early stages. The fast spreading of GBM obscures the initiation of the tumor mass making the treatment outcome undesirable. Endothelin-1 is known as a secretory protein presented in various types of brain cells, which has been indicated as a factor for cancer pathology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell migration in GBM. We found that various malignant glioma cells expressed higher amounts of endothelin-1, ETA, and ETB receptors than nonmalignant human astrocytes. The application of endothelin-1 enhanced the migratory activity in human U251 glioma cells corresponding to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-13. The endothelin-1-induced cell migration was attenuated by MMP-9 and MMP-13 inhibitors and inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and PI3 kinase/Akt. Furthermore, the elevated levels of phosphate c-Jun accumulation in the nucleus and activator protein-1 (AP-1)-DNA binding activity were also found in endothelin-1 treated glioma cells. In migration-prone sublines, cells with greater migration ability showed higher endothelin-1, ETB receptor, and MMP expressions. These results indicate that endothelin-1 activates MAP kinase and AP-1 signaling, resulting in enhanced MMP-9 and MMP-13 expressions and cell migration in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering and Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yuo Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Huang BR, Chang PC, Yeh WL, Lee CH, Tsai CF, Lin C, Lin HY, Liu YS, Wu CYJ, Ko PY, Huang SS, Hsu HC, Lu DY. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the calcium channel blocker nicardipine on microglial cells: implications for neuroprotection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91167. [PMID: 24621589 PMCID: PMC3951295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker that has been widely used to control blood pressure in severe hypertension following events such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system that are mediated by microglial activation play important roles in neurodegeneration, and the effect of nicardipine on microglial activation remains unresolved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, using murine BV-2 microglia, we demonstrated that nicardipine significantly inhibits microglia-related neuroinflammatory responses. Treatment with nicardipine inhibited microglial cell migration. Nicardipine also significantly inhibited LPS plus IFN-γ-induced release of nitric oxide (NO), and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, nicardipine also inhibited microglial activation by peptidoglycan, the major component of the Gram-positive bacterium cell wall. Notably, nicardipine also showed significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial activation in mice in vivo. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The present study is the first to report a novel inhibitory role of nicardipine on neuroinflammation and provides a new candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Ko
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Osthole suppresses the migratory ability of human glioblastoma multiforme cells via inhibition of focal adhesion kinase-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3889-903. [PMID: 24599080 PMCID: PMC3975374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. GBM often invades surrounding regions of the brain during its early stages, making successful treatment difficult. Osthole, an active constituent isolated from the dried C. monnieri fruit, has been shown to suppress tumor migration and invasion. However, the effects of osthole in human GBM are largely unknown. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important for the metastasis of cancer cells. Results from this study show that osthole can not only induce cell death but also inhibit phosphorylation of FAK in human GBM cells. Results from this study show that incubating GBM cells with osthole reduces matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression and cell motility, as assessed by cell transwell and wound healing assays. This study also provides evidence supporting the potential of osthole in reducing FAK activation, MMP-13 expression, and cell motility in human GBM cells.
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Huang SM, Chen TS, Chiu CM, Chang LK, Liao KF, Tan HM, Yeh WL, Chang GRL, Wang MY, Lu DY. GDNF increases cell motility in human colon cancer through VEGF-VEGFR1 interaction. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:73-84. [PMID: 24165321 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent neurotrophic factor, has been shown to affect cancer cell metastasis and invasion. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GDNF-induced colon cancer cell migration remain unclear. GDNF is found to be positively correlated with malignancy in human colon cancer patients. The migratory activities of two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, were found to be enhanced in the presence of human GDNF. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also increased in response to GDNF stimulation, along with VEGF mRNA expression and transcriptional activity. The enhancement of GDNF-induced cancer cell migration was antagonized by a VEGF-neutralizing antibody. Our results also showed that the expression of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) was increased in response to GDNF stimulation, whereas GDNF-induced cancer cell migration was reduced by a VEGFR inhibitor. The GDNF-induced VEGF expression was regulated by the p38 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Treatment with GDNF increased nuclear hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α) accumulation and its transcriptional activity in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, GDNF increased hypoxia responsive element (HRE)-containing VEGF promoter transcriptional activity but not that of the HRE-deletion VEGF promoter construct. Inhibition of HIF1α by a pharmacological inhibitor or dominant-negative mutant reduced the GDNF-induced migratory activity in human colon cancer cells. These results indicate that GDNF enhances the migration of colon cancer cells by increasing VEGF-VEGFR interaction, which is mainly regulated by the p38, PI3K/Akt, and HIF1α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Preventive Medicine Center, Department of Community Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan Departments of Pathology Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Medical Research, Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mo C, Wang L, Zhang J, Numazawa S, Tang H, Tang X, Han X, Li J, Yang M, Wang Z, Wei D, Xiao H. The crosstalk between Nrf2 and AMPK signal pathways is important for the anti-inflammatory effect of berberine in LPS-stimulated macrophages and endotoxin-shocked mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:574-88. [PMID: 23875776 PMCID: PMC3901384 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The response of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to oxidative stress has been recently reported but the downstream signals of this response are largely unknown. Meanwhile, the upstream events for the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a critical transcriptional activator for antioxidative responses, remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between AMPK and Nrf2 signal pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammatory system, in which berberine (BBR), a known AMPK activator, was used for inflammation suppression. RESULTS AND INNOVATION In inflammatory macrophages, BBR attenuated LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX2], interleukin [IL]-6), and the generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, but increased the transcription of Nrf2-targeted antioxidative genes (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 [NQO-1], heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1]), as well as the nuclear localization and phosphorylation of Nrf2 protein. Importantly, we found BBR-induced activation of Nrf2 is AMPK-dependent, as either pharmacologically or genetically inactivating AMPK blocked the activation of Nrf2. Consistent with in vitro experiments, BBR down-regulated the expression of proinflammatory genes but upregulated those of Nrf2-targeted genes in lungs of LPS-injected mice, and these effects were attenuated in Nrf2-deficient mice. Moreover, the effect of BBR on survival time extension and plasma redox regulation in endotoxin-shocked mice was largely weakened when Nrf2-depleted. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate convergence between AMPK and Nrf2 pathways and this intersection is essential for anti-inflammatory effect of BBR in LPS-stimulated macrophages and endotoxin-shocked mice. Uncovering this intersection is significant for understanding the relationship between energy homeostasis and antioxidative responses and may be beneficial for developing new therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 574-588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfen Mo
- 1 Lab for Aging Research, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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Antineuroinflammatory effects of lycopene via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α1/heme oxygenase-1 pathways. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chuang JY, Tsai CF, Chang SW, Chiang IP, Huang SM, Lin HY, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces cell migration in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:1103-12. [PMID: 24070603 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perineural invasion is a prominent clinical feature of various cancers, which causes difficulty in curative resection. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent neurotrophic factor, plays an important role in the invasive and metastatic behavior of various cancers. The aim of this study was to examine the role of GDNF on oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS GDNF expression in tissue samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Transwell assay, zymography, Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were carried out to assess the effects of GDNF on oral cancer cells. RESULTS Human oral cancer tissues showed higher GDNF expression than that in normal tissues. We also found that application of human GDNF enhanced the cell migration ability of human oral cancers. Moreover, treatment with GDNF increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-13 expression in oral cancer. Inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in oral cancer cells by pharmacological inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies reduced GDNF-enhanced cell migration. Moreover, transfection with siRNA against MMP-13 inhibited GDNF-enhanced cell migration. Treatment with GDNF also increased ERK, p38 and JNK phosphorylation, and AP-1 DNA binding activity in human oral cancer cells. Inhibition of MAP kinase or AP-1 also reduced GDNF-induced oral cancer cell migration. In migration-prone sublines, oral cancer cells showed a higher migration ability than that of the original oral cancer cells. Surprisingly, the enhancement of cell migratory activity in migration-prone sublines was reduced by a GDNF-neutralizing antibody. Importantly, migration-prone sublines of oral cancer revealed higher GDNF expression. CONCLUSION These results indicate a regulatory effect on cell migration by GDNF in oral squamous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang BR, Tsai CF, Lin HY, Tseng WP, Huang SS, Wu CR, Lin C, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Interaction of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in microglia by Staphylococcus aureus-derived lipoteichoic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lu DY, Chen JH, Tan TW, Huang CY, Yeh WL, Hsu HC. Resistin protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death in dopaminergic-like MES23.5 cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:563-71. [PMID: 22806254 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is originally reported as an adipose tissue-specific hormone and is thought to represent a link between obesity and insulin-resistant diabetes. Adipokines exert energy-regulation and has been reported to have neuroprotective effect like leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin. However, the role of resistin in neuroprotective effect has not been explored. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), one of the most investigated Parkinson's disease neurotoxins, is widely used to study mechanisms of cell death in dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, our results show that treatment of resistin protects 6-OHDA-induced cell death in dopaminergic-like MES23.5 cells. Resistin also antagonizes 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic cell death measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and Hochest 33342 staining. Furthermore, treatment of resistin also dramatically reduces 6-OHDA-mediated ROS production and mitochondria transmembrane potential dissipation. Moreover, expression of 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic markers, such as Bcl-2 degradation, Bax expression, PARP degradation and caspase 3 activity increase, are all attenuated by resistin treatment. Our results also show that resistin induces up-regulation of heat shock protein (Hsp) 32 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1) and Hsc (heat shock cognate) 70. The protective effect of resistin on 6-OHDA-induced cell death is abolished by HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX and HSP inhibitor KNK437. These results suggest the neuroprotective effects of resistin against 6-OHDA-induced cell death with the underlying mechanisms of inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, we suggest that resistin may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Inhibitory effects of berberine on lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and the high-mobility group box 1 release in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:506-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Berberis vulgaris root extract alleviates the adverse effects of heat stress via modulating hepatic nuclear transcription factors in quails. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:609-16. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the action mode of Berberis vulgaris root extract in the alleviation of oxidative stress, female Japanese quails (n 180, aged 5 weeks) were reared, either at 22°C for 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN) or 34°C for 8 h/d (heat stress, HS), and fed one of three diets: diets containing 0, 100 or 200 mg of B. vulgaris root extract per kg for 12 weeks. Exposure to HS depressed feed intake by 8·5 % and egg production by 12·1 %, increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level by 98·0 % and decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by 23·5, 35·4 and 55·7 %, respectively (P< 0·001 for all). There were also aggravations in expressions of hepatic NF-κB and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) by 42 and 43 %, respectively and suppressions in expressions of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and haeme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by 57 and 61 %, respectively, in heat-stressed quails (P< 0·001 for all). As supplemental B. vulgaris extract increased, there were linear increases in performance parameters, activities of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions (P< 0·001 for all) and linear decreases in hepatic MDA level and NF-κB and HSP70 expressions at a greater extent in quails reared under TN condition and those reared under HS condition. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of B. vulgaris root extract to quails reduces the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation resulting from HS via activating the host defence system at the cellular level.
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Su ZY, Shu L, Khor TO, Lee JH, Fuentes F, Tony Kong AN. A perspective on dietary phytochemicals and cancer chemoprevention: oxidative stress, nrf2, and epigenomics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 329:133-62. [PMID: 22836898 PMCID: PMC3924422 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and the antioxidative stress defense systems in cells. ROS/RNS or carcinogen metabolites can attack intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can result in genetic mutations, carcinogenesis, and other diseases. Nrf2 plays a critical role in the regulation of many antioxidative stress/antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), UDP-glucuronyl transferases (UGTs), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), directly via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Recently, many studies have shown that dietary phytochemicals possess cancer chemopreventive potential through the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/detoxification enzymes and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways to protect organisms against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In addition, carcinogenesis can be caused by epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that several naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals can epigenetically modify the chromatin, including reactivating Nrf2 via demethylation of CpG islands and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and/or histone acetyltransferases (HATs). The advancement and development of dietary phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention research requires the integration of the known, and as-yet-unknown, compounds with the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory systems and their in vitro and in vivo epigenetic mechanisms; human clinical efficacy studies must also be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tin Oo Khor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Departamento de Agricultura del Desierto y Biotecnología, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Lin HY, Yeh WL, Huang BR, Lin C, Lai CH, Lin H, Lu DY. Desipramine protects neuronal cell death and induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in Mes23.5 dopaminergic neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50138. [PMID: 23209658 PMCID: PMC3507930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desipramine is known principally as a tricyclic antidepressant drug used to promote recovery of depressed patients. It has also been used in a number of other psychiatric and medical conditions. The present study is the first to investigate the neuroprotective effect of desipramine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mes23.5 dopaminergic cells were used to examine neuroprotective effect of desipramine. Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR, MTT assay, siRNA transfection and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were carried out to assess the effects of desipramine. Desipramine induces endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and mRNA expression in concentration- and time-dependent manners. A different type of antidepressant SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), fluoxetine also shows similar effects of desipramine on HO-1 expression. Moreover, desipramine induces HO-1 expression through activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Desipramine also increases NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) accumulation in the nucleus and enhances Nrf2-DNA binding activity. Moreover, desipramine-mediated increase of HO-1 expression is reduced by transfection with siRNA against Nrf2. On the other hand, pretreatment of desipramine protects neuronal cells against rotenone- and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neuronal death. Furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 activity by a HO-1 pharmacological inhibitor, ZnPP IX, attenuates the neuroprotective effect of desipramine. Otherwise, activation of HO-1 activity by HO-1 activator and inducer protect 6-OHDA-induced neuronal death. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that desipramine-increased HO-1 expression is mediated by Nrf2 activation through the ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Our results also suggest that desipramine provides a novel effect of neuroprotection, and neurodegenerative process might play an important role in depression disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HL); (D-YL)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HL); (D-YL)
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