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Chen YC, Chen JH, Tsai CF, Wu CT, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Inhibition of tumor migration and invasion by fenofibrate via suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116818. [PMID: 38215994 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer within 3 years after the chemotherapies or surgery leads to poor prognosis with approximately 1-year overall survival. Large-scale scanning research studies have shown that taking lipid-lowering drugs may assist to reduce the risk of death from many cancers, since cholesterol in lipid rafts are essential for maintain integral membrane structure and functional signaling regulation. In this study, we examined five lipid-lowering drugs: swertiamarin, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and fenofibrate in triple-negative breast cancer, which is the most migration-prone subtype. Using human and murine triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (Hs 578 t and 4 T1), we found that fenofibrate displays the highest potential in inhibiting the colony formation, wound healing, and transwell migration. We further discovered that fenofibrate reduces the activity of pro-metastatic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and MMP-2. In addition, epithelial markers including E-cadherin and Zonula occludens-1 are increased, whereas mesenchymal markers including Snail, Twist and α-smooth muscle actin are attenuated. Furthermore, we found that fenofibrate downregulates ubiquitin-dependent GDF-15 degradation, which leads to enhanced GDF-15 expression that inhibits cell migration. Besides, nuclear translocation of FOXO1 is also upregulated by fenofibrate, which may responsible for GDF-15 expression. In summary, fenofibrate with anti-cancer ability hinders TNBC from migration and invasion, and may be beneficial to repurposing use of fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 88, Sec. 1, Fengxing Road, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404333, Taiwan.
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2
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Tsai CF, Chen YC, Li YZ, Wu CT, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Imperatorin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via GDF15 expression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1292137. [PMID: 38111379 PMCID: PMC10725920 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1292137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary fibrosis features in damaged pulmonary structure or over-produced extracellular matrix and impaired lung function, leading to respiratory failure and eventually death. Fibrotic lungs are characterized by the secretion of pro-fibrotic factors, transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and accumulation of matrix proteins. Hypothesis/purpose: Imperatorin shows anti-inflammatory effects on alveolar macrophages against acute lung injury. We attempt to evaluate the properties of imperatorin on the basis of fibroblasts. Methods: In in vitro, zymosan was introduced to provoke pro-fibrotic responses in NIH/3T3 or MRC-5 pulmonary fibroblasts. Imperatorin was given for examining its effects against fibrosis. The mice were stimulated by bleomycin, and imperatorin was administered to evaluate the prophylactic potential in vivo. Results: The upregulated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen protein due to zymosan introduction was decreased by imperatorin in fibroblasts. Zymosan induced the activity of transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), which was also inhibited by the administration of imperatorin. Imperatorin alone enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) secretion in fibroblasts via LKB1/AMPK/CREB pathways. In addition, GDF15 exerted a beneficial effect by reducing the protein expression of CTGF, α-SMA, and collagen and the activities of TGase and LOX. Moreover, orally administered imperatorin showed prophylactic effects on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Conclusion: Imperatorin reduces fibrotic marker expression in fibroblasts and also increases GDF15 secretion via the LKB1/AMPK/CREB pathway, attenuating pro-fibrotic responses in vitro. Imperatorin also alleviates pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Zhen Li
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Shen CK, Huang BR, Charoensaensuk V, Yang LY, Tsai CF, Liu YS, Lai SW, Lu DY, Yeh WL, Lin C. Inhibitory Effects of Urolithins, Bioactive Gut Metabolites from Natural Polyphenols, against Glioblastoma Progression. Nutrients 2023; 15:4854. [PMID: 38068712 PMCID: PMC10708538 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, promoted tumor migration, invasion, and proliferation, thus worsening the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Urolithins, the potent metabolites produced by the gut from pomegranate polyphenols, have anticancer properties. To develop an effective therapy for GBM, this study aimed to study the effects of urolithins against GBM. Urolithin A and B significantly reduced GBM migration, reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, urolithin A and B inhibited TNF-α-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, thereby reducing human monocyte (HM) binding to GBM cells. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) level had higher expression in patients with glioma than in healthy individuals. Urolithins are considered pharmacological antagonists of AhR. We demonstrated that the inhibition of AhR reduced TNF-α-stimulated VCAM-1 and PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, human macrophage condition medium enhanced expression of PD-L1 in human GBM cells. Administration of the AhR antagonist attenuated the enhancement of PD-L1, indicating the AhR modulation in GBM progression. The modulatory effects of urolithins in GBM involve inhibiting the Akt and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways. The present study suggests that urolithins can inhibit GBM progression and provide valuable information for anti-GBM strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Hung YC, Wu YJ, Chien ME, Lin YT, Tsai CF, Hsu KS. Loss of oxytocin receptors in hilar mossy cells impairs social discrimination. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106311. [PMID: 37769745 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal oxytocin receptor (OXTR) signaling is crucial for discrimination of social stimuli to guide social recognition, but circuit mechanisms and cell types involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we report a role for OXTR-expressing hilar mossy cells (MCs) of the dentate gyrus in social stimulus discrimination by regulating granule cell (GC) activity. Using a Cre-loxP recombination approach, we found that ablation of Oxtr from MCs impairs discrimination of social, but not object, stimuli in adult male mice. Ablation of MC Oxtr increases spontaneous firing rate of GCs, synaptic excitation to inhibition ratio of MC-to-GC circuit, and GC firing when temporally associated with the lateral perforant path inputs. Using mouse hippocampal slices, we found that bath application of OXTR agonist [Thr4,Gly7]-oxytocin causes membrane depolarization and increases MC firing activity. Optogenetic activation of MC-to-GC circuit ameliorates social discrimination deficit in MC OXTR deficient mice. Together, our results uncover a previously unknown role of MC OXTR signaling for discrimination of social stimuli and delineate a MC-to-GC circuit responsible for social information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Er Chien
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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5
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Shen CK, Huang BR, Charoensaensuk V, Yang LY, Tsai CF, Liu YS, Lu DY, Yeh WL, Lin C. Bradykinin B1 Receptor Affects Tumor-Associated Macrophage Activity and Glioblastoma Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1533. [PMID: 37627528 PMCID: PMC10451655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin is a small active peptide and is considered an inflammatory mediator in several pathological conditions. Bradykinin exerts its effects by coupling to its receptors, including bradykinin B1 (B1R) and bradykinin B2. B1R has been implicated in the development of various cancers. Our previous study reported that B1R promoted glioblastoma (GBM) development by supporting the migration and invasion of GBM cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of B1R on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and GBM progression remain unknown. Accordingly, to explore the regulatory effects of B1R overexpression (OE) in GBM on tumor-associated immune cells and tumor progression, we constructed a B1R wild-type plasmid and developed a B1R OE model. The results reveal that B1R OE in GBM promoted the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-cell adhesion molecules-in GBM. Moreover, B1R OE enhanced GBM cell migration ability and monocyte attachment. B1R also regulated the production of the protumorigenic cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL11, and CCL5 in GBM, which contributed to tumor progression. We additionally noted that B1R OE in GBM increased the expression of CD68 in TAMs. Furthermore, B1R OE reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in GBM cells by upregulating heme oxygenase-1, an endogenous antioxidant protein, thereby protecting GBM cells from oxidative stress. Notably, B1R OE upregulated the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 in both GBM cells and macrophages, thus providing resistance against T-cell response. B1R OE in GBM also promoted tumor growth and reduced survival rates in an intracranial xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that B1R expression in GBM promotes TAM activity and modulates GBM progression. Therefore, B1R could be an effective target for therapeutic methods in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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6
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Chen YC, Wu CT, Chen JH, Tsai CF, Wu CY, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:48. [PMID: 35963873 PMCID: PMC9376069 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration and metastasis commonly happen to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with advanced diseases. In many studies, it has been suggested that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the key mechanisms triggering cancer metastasis. Accumulating evidence has proven that calcium channel blockers mediate cell motility. Therefore, we attempt to investigate the effects of diltiazem, which has been selected from several FDA-approved clinical calcium channel blockers, on EMT in TNBC. By using both mouse and human TNBC cell lines, we found that diltiazem decreases colony formation and cell migration in breast cancer cells. The expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and ZO-1 were increased dose-dependently by diltiazem, while mesenchymal markers such as Snail and Twist were decreased. In addition, we found that the expression of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) was also increased by diltiazem. Administering recombinant GDF-15 also reverses EMT, inhibits colony formation and migration in breast cancer cells. Moreover, treatment with diltiazem in tumor-bearing mice also decreases cancer metastasis and nodule formation, with more GDF-15 expression in diltiazem-treated mice than saline-treated mice, respectively. These findings suggest that diltiazem regulates EMT and cell motility through elevating GDF-15 expression in breast cancers in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 88, Sec. 1, Fengxing Road, Taichung, 427213, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Wu
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.
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Tsai CF, Chen GW, Chen YC, Shen CK, Lu DY, Yang LY, Chen JH, Yeh WL. Regulatory Effects of Quercetin on M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and Oxidative/Antioxidative Balance. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010067. [PMID: 35010945 PMCID: PMC8746507 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays essential and diverse roles in most diseases, such as atherosclerosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Homeostasis dysfunction in M1/M2 macrophage polarization causes pathological conditions and inflammation. Neuroinflammation is characterized by microglial activation and the concomitant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to numerous neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Decreased neuroinflammation can be obtained by using natural compounds, including flavonoids, which are known to ameliorate inflammatory responses. Among flavonoids, quercetin possesses multiple pharmacological applications and regulates several biological activities. In the present study, we found that quercetin effectively inhibited the expression of lipocalin-2 in both macrophages and microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, were also attenuated by quercetin treatment. Our results also showed that quercetin significantly reduced the expression levels of the M1 markers, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β, in the macrophages and microglia. The M1 polarization-associated chemokines, C–C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-2 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10, were also effectively reduced by the quercetin treatment. In addition, quercetin markedly reduced the production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microglia. The microglial phagocytic ability induced by the LPS was also effectively reduced by the quercetin treatment. Importantly, the quercetin increased the expression levels of the M2 marker, IL-10, and the endogenous antioxidants, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). The enhancement of the M2 markers and endogenous antioxidants by quercetin was activated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt signaling pathways. Together, our study reported that the quercetin inhibited the effects of M1 polarization, including neuroinflammatory responses, ROS production, and phagocytosis. Moreover, the quercetin enhanced the M2 macrophage polarization and endogenous antioxidant expression in both macrophages and microglia. Our findings provide valuable information that quercetin may act as a potential drug for the treatment of diseases related to inflammatory disorders in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (W.-L.Y.)
| | - Guan-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (W.-L.Y.)
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Lin C, Lai SW, Shen CK, Chen CW, Tsai CF, Liu YS, Lu DY, Huang BR. Fenofibrate inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase expression through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase/HO-1/Sirt1 pathway in glioblastoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:2551-2561. [PMID: 34520103 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and its associated conditions have significant impacts on public health at many levels worldwide, and cancer is the leading cause of death among adults. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-specific agonists, fibrates, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for managing hyperlipidemia. PPARα-specific agonists exert anti-cancer effects in many human cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM). Recently, we have reported that the hypoxic state in GBM stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), thus contributing to tumor escape from immune surveillance by activating the expression of the pH-regulating protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9). In this study, we aimed to study the regulatory effects of the PPARα agonist fibrate on the regulation of HIF-1α expression and its downstream target protein in GBM. Our findings showed that fenofibrate is the high potency compound among the various fibrates that inhibit hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and CA9 expression in GBM. Moreover, fenofibrate-inhibited HIF-1α expression is mediated by HO-1 activation in GBM cells through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In addition, fenofibrate-enhanced HO-1 upregulation activates SIRT1 and leads to subsequent accumulation of SIRT1 in the nucleus, which further promotes HIF-1α deacetylation and inhibits CA9 expression. Using a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, we also observed that fenofibrate inhibited HIF-1α protein synthesis. In addition, the administration of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 showed that fenofibrate promoted HIF-1α protein degradation in GBM. Hence, our results indicate that fenofibrate is a useful anti-GBM agent that modulates hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression through multiple cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Su CH, Lo CH, Tsai CF. CHA2DS2-VASc score as independent outcome predictor in patients with acute ischemic stroke with and without atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) was a significant independent risk factor for 1-year mortality of first acute ischemic stroke. The CHA2DS2-VASc scores were initially developed to assess the risk of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with AF. Recently, this scoring system have been demonstrated to have clinical value for predicting the severity of infarction and long-term clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke but the evidence is not strong enough due to limited numbers and single center data.
Purpose
This large-scale prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the independent predictive value of CHA2DS2-VASc scores and AF in such patients.
Materials and methods
We included patients from Taiwan Stroke Registry (TSR) with ischemic stroke within 2006 to 2016 as the present study population. Patients were mainly divided in atrial fibrillation (AF) group and non-AF group. We future classified patient by CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age≥75 years, diabetes, previous stroke, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category) score 0–1 and ≥2. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which include re-stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death, occurred within 1 year after the onset of stroke. The secondary outcome was the all-cause mortality.
Results
We defined 2972 patients with MACE and 61,937 patients without MACE. With adjusting with the confounding of CHA2DS2-VASc scores, The AF group was associated with increased MACE (OR=1.15; 95% CI=1.00, 1.33), myocardial infarction (adjusted OR=3.89; 95% CI=1.81, 8.34), CV death (OR=5.73; 95% CI=3.77, 8.69) and all-cause mortality (OR=1.50; 95% CI=1.37, 1.65) but not in re-stroke (adjusted OR=1.02; 95% CI=0.88, 1.18). After controlling for AF, patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2 had significantly higher odds of MACE (OR=1.28; 95% CI=1.16, 1.41), re-stroke (OR=1.27; 95% CI=1.16, 1.40) and all-cause mortality (OR=2.26; 95% CI=2.06, 2.48) than that of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores 0–1. The survival curve revealed both AF and CHA2DS2-VASc scores are independent risk factors of 1 year MACE and mortality. By investigating the individual risk factor of CHA2DS2-VASc score, diabetes, hypertension and age over 65 years old increase the risk of MACE significantly.
Conclusions
CHA2DS2-VASc scores appear to have potent independent value as AF for predicting 1 year MACE and all-cause mortality in patients of acute ischemic stroke.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Su
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Lo
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C F Tsai
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Chen YC, Chen JH, Tsai CF, Wu CT, Wu MH, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Nicardipine Inhibits Breast Cancer Migration via Nrf2/HO-1 Axis and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710978. [PMID: 34483918 PMCID: PMC8414136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis represents an advanced stage of cancers, and matrix metalloproteinases are critical regulators. Calcium signal is crucial for appropriate cell behaviors. The efficacy and effects of calcium channel blockers in treating cancers are individually differ from each other. Here, we attempt to investigate the effects of nicardipine, a FDA-approved calcium channel blocker, in advanced breast cancers. Methods: We analyzed the influence of nicardipine on the colony-forming ability of triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Using cell culture inserts, cell migration was also examined. The expression of regulatory proteins was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Results: We have confirmed that nicardipine inhibits the breast cancer cells migration and colony formation. In addition, we also revealed that nicardipine increases the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. The inhibition of HO-1 abrogates nicardipine-reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Moreover, the end products of HO-1, namely, CO, Fe2+, and biliverdin (will converted to bilirubin), also decreases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Conclusion: These findings suggest that nicardipine-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 reduction is regulated by Nrf2/HO-1 axis and its catalytic end products. Therefore, nicardipine may be a potential candidate for repurposing against advanced breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Tsai CF, Chen JH, Yeh WL. Pulmonary fibroblasts-secreted CXCL10 polarizes alveolar macrophages under pro-inflammatory stimuli. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114698. [PMID: 31394157 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During acute lung injury, lung fibroblasts produce chemokines that assist the activation and migration of resident macrophages. The interactions between pulmonary fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages demonstrate the early event in the recruitment of immune cells, and the production of chemokines appear to be central mediators of the initiation and progression of inflammatory responses. In this study, the aim was to investigate the signaling pathway leading to CXCL10 secretion and the effects of CXCL10 released by activated fibroblasts on regulating macrophage polarization in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. METHODS The expression of chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL12, and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules STAT3, FAK, GSK3αβ and PKCδ were investigated by real time-PCR, ELISA, or Western blot on TNFα- or IL-1β-activated MRC-5 pulmonary fibroblasts. By collecting conditioned medium from TNFα-activated fibroblasts, the expression of iNOS and arginase I on MH-S alveolar macrophages were examined by real-time PCR. Surface markers CD86 and CD206 expressions on alveolar macrophages were also evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that CXCL10 production was significantly elevated on MRC-5 fibroblasts under TNFα- or IL-1β treatment. In addition, we revealed that TNFα and IL-1β initiated phosphorylation of STAT3, FAK, GSK3αβ and PKCδ signaling cascade, leading to the elevation of CXCL10 expression. Moreover, conditioned medium collected from TNFα-activated MRC-5 fibroblasts increased iNOS and CD86 expressions and decreased arginase I and CD206 expressions on MH-S alveolar macrophages, and neutralization of CXCL10 abolished these observed phenomena. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CXCL10 is crucial in activated fibroblasts-promoted M1 phenotype polarization of alveolar macrophages. In this regard, targeting fibroblasts-released CXCL10 may be promising as anti-inflammatory therapy against acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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12
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Tsai CF, Chen JH, Wu CT, Chang PC, Wang SL, Yeh WL. Induction of osteoclast-like cell formation by leptin-induced soluble intercellular adhesion molecule secreted from cancer cells. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919846806. [PMID: 31205504 PMCID: PMC6535721 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919846806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leptin is considered a tumorigenic adipokine, suggested to promote tumorigenesis and progression in many cancers. On the other hand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) shows altered expression in a variety of benign and malignant diseases. Histologically, ICAM-1 expression is reported as proportional to cancer stage and considered as a potential diagnosis biomarker. The altered expressions of ICAM-1 and its soluble form in malignant diseases have gained interests in recent years. Material and methods: The expression of ICAM-1 and its regulatory signaling were examined by Western blot or flow cytometry. The effect of soluble ICAM-1 on osteoclast formation was investigated by tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase staining of RAW cells and tumor-induced osteolysis in vivo. Results: In our study, we found that leptin enhanced soluble ICAM-1 production but not surface ICAM-1 expression in lung and breast cancer cells, and this effect was regulated through leptin receptor (ObR), while silencing ObR abrogated leptin-induced soluble ICAM-1 expression. In addition, we revealed that leptin administration provoked the JAK1/2, STAT3, FAK, ERK, and GSK3αβ signaling cascade, leading to the elevation of ICAM-1 expression. Moreover, soluble ICAM-1 secreted by leptin-stimulated cancer cells synergize with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in inducing osteoclast formation. Soluble ICAM also enhanced tumor-induced osteolysis in vivo. Conclusion: These findings suggest that soluble ICAM-1 produced under leptin treatment enhances osteoclast formation and is involved in tumor-induced osteolysis. Leptin plays an important role in physiology in health and diseases. Leptin affects immune responses that may induce inflammation and carcinogenesis. Leptin is also considered as a tumorigenic adipokine suggested to promote tumorigenesis and progression in many cancers. On the other hand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) shows altered expression in a variety of benign and malignant diseases. Histologically, ICAM-1 expression is reported to be proportional to cancer stage and considered as a potential diagnosis biomarker. It has been reported that soluble ICAM-1 allows tumor cells to escape from immune recognition and stimulates angiogenesis and tumor growth. The altered expressions of ICAM-1 and its soluble form in malignant diseases have gained interests in recent years. In our study, we found that leptin enhanced soluble ICAM-1 production but not surface ICAM-1 expression in lung and breast cancer cells, and this effect was regulated through leptin receptor (ObR), while silencing ObR abrogated leptin-induced soluble ICAM-1 expression. In addition, we revealed that leptin administration provoked the JAK1/2, STAT3, FAK, ERK, and GSK3αβ signaling cascade, leading to the elevation of ICAM-1 expression. Moreover, soluble ICAM-1 secreted by leptin-stimulated cancer cells synergize with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand in inducing osteoclast formation. Soluble ICAM also enhanced tumor-induced osteolysis in vivo. These findings suggest that soluble ICAM-1 produced under leptin treatment is possibly involved in lung and breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, China
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, China
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, China
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, China
| | - Shu-Lin Wang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, China
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 China
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13
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Sakamoto K, Ozaki T, Ko YC, Tsai CF, Gong Y, Morozumi M, Ishikawa Y, Uchimura K, Nadanaka S, Kitagawa H, Zulueta MML, Bandaru A, Tamura JI, Hung SC, Kadomatsu K. Glycan sulfation patterns define autophagy flux at axon tip via PTPRσ-cortactin axis. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:699-709. [PMID: 31061498 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are glycosaminoglycans that both bind the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRσ, affecting axonal regeneration. CS inhibits axonal growth, while HS promotes it. Here, we have prepared a library of HS octasaccharides and, together with synthetic CS oligomers, we found that PTPRσ preferentially interacts with CS-E-a rare sulfation pattern in natural CS-and most HS oligomers bearing sulfate and sulfamate groups. Consequently, short and long stretches of natural CS and HS, respectively, bind to PTPRσ. CS activates PTPRσ, which dephosphorylates cortactin-herein identified as a new PTPRσ substrate-and disrupts autophagy flux at the autophagosome-lysosome fusion step. Such disruption is required and sufficient for dystrophic endball formation and inhibition of axonal regeneration. Therefore, sulfation patterns determine the length of the glycosaminoglycan segment that bind to PTPRσ and define the fate of axonal regeneration through a mechanism involving PTPRσ, cortactin and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ozaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yen-Chun Ko
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuanhao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Morozumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimoto Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Foncitonnelle, Univesite des Science et Technologies de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan.
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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14
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Abstract
Imperatorin is one of the furanocoumarin derivatives and exists in many medicinal herbs with anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of imperatorin on inflammation-associated lung diseases. Imperatorin reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression and also IL-6 and TNFα production enhanced by zymosan. Imperatorin also inhibited the signaling pathways of JAK/STAT and NF-κB. Moreover, in vivo study also revealed that zymosan-induced immune cell infiltration, pulmonary fibrosis, and edema were relieved by imperatorin in mice. We found that imperatorin exerts anti-inflammatory effects that are associated with amelioration of lung inflammation, edema, and rapid fibrosis. Studies on alveolar macrophages also reveal that imperatorin reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and inhibited pro-inflammatory JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. These results indicate that imperatorin may be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhen Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology , China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road , Taichung , 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery , Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Taichung , 42743 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology , Asia University , No. 500 Lioufeng Road , Taichung , 41354 , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development , China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road , Taichung , 40402 , Taiwan
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science , China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road , Taichung , 40402 , Taiwan
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15
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Liu YS, Hsu JW, Lin HY, Lai SW, Huang BR, Tsai CF, Lu DY. Bradykinin B1 receptor contributes to interleukin-8 production and glioblastoma migration through interaction of STAT3 and SP-1. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:143-154. [PMID: 30366000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor, has a poor prognosis due to the ease of migration to surrounding healthy brain tissue. Recent studies have shown that bradykinin receptors are involved in the progression of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism and pathological role of bradykinin receptors remains unclear. We observed the expressions of two major bradykinin receptors, B1R and B2R, in two different human GBM cell lines, U87 and GBM8901. Cytokine array analysis showed that bradykinin increases the production of interleukin (IL)-8 in GBM via B1R. Higher B1R levels correlate with IL-8 expression in U87 and GBM8901. We observed increased levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and SP-1 in the nucleus as well. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found that STAT3 and SP-1 mediate IL-8 expression, which gets abrogated by the inhibition of FAK and STAT3. We further demonstrated that IL-8 expression and cell migration are also regulated by the SP-1. In addition, expression levels of STAT3 and SP-1 positively correlate with clinicopathological grades of gliomas. Interestingly, our results found that inhibition of HDAC increases IL-8 expression. Moreover, stimulation with bradykinin caused increases in acetylated SP-1 and p300 complex formation, which are abrogated by inhibition of FAK and STAT3. Meanwhile, knockdown of SP-1 and p300 decreased the augmentation of bradykinin-induced IL-8 expression. These results indicate that bradykinin-induced IL-8 expression is dependent on B1R which causes phosphorylated STAT3 and acetylated SP-1 to translocate to the nucleus, hence resulting in GBM migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Huang BR, Bau DT, Chen TS, Chuang IC, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Hsu HC, Lu DY. Pro-Inflammatory Stimuli Influence Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 in Human Anulus Fibrosus Cells through FAK/ERK/GSK3 and PKCδ Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010077. [PMID: 30585203 PMCID: PMC6337379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and disc herniation are major causes of lower back pain, which involve the presence of inflammatory mediators and tissue invasion by immune cells. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1, also termed CD54) is an adhesion molecule that mediates cell-cell interactions, particularly between immune cells and target tissue. The aim of this study was to examine the intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory stimuli-induced ICAM1 expression in human anulus fibrosus (AF) cells. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and flow cytometry were performed to dissect the roles of different signaling pathways in inflammatory stimuli-mediated ICAM1 expression. RESULTS Using qPCR and western blot analyses, a significant increase in ICAM1 expression was observed in AF cells after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed ICAM1 upregulation on the surface of AF cells. Importantly, LPS plus IFNγ treatment also significantly promoted Chemokine ligand (CCL)2 expression, but not CCL3. The enhanced ICAM1 expression was abolished after incubation with antibody against CCL2. In AF cells, treatment with LPS plus IFNγ activated the FAK/ERK/GSK3 signaling pathways, promoted a time-dependent increase in PKCδ phosphorylation, and promoted PKCδ translocation to the nucleus. Treatment with the pharmacological PKCδ inhibitor; rottlerin, effectively blocked the enhanced productions of ICAM1 and CCL2. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory stimuli in AF cells are part of a specific pathophysiology in IVD degeneration and disc herniation that modulates CCL2/ICAM1 activation through the FAK/ERK/GSK3 and PKCδ signaling pathways in AF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chen Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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17
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Tsai CF, Chen JH, Chang CN, Lu DY, Chang PC, Wang SL, Yeh WL. Fisetin inhibits cell migration via inducing HO-1 and reducing MMPs expression in breast cancer cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:528-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Lo CH, Wei JCC, Tsai CF, Li LC, Huang SW, Su CH. Syncope caused by complete heart block and ventricular arrhythmia as early manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a pregnant patient: a case report. Lupus 2018; 27:1729-1731. [PMID: 29954280 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318782425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect all heart structures including the conduction system, with either reversible or permanent derangement. However, only a few cases of adult SLE and complete atrioventricular (AV) block have been reported. We describe a young pregnant woman who initially presented with complete AV block on electrocardiography before the diagnosis of SLE. Syncope subsequently developed during the postpartum period due to frequent nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, suggesting lupus myocarditis. The ventricular arrhythmia was successfully treated by intravenous corticosteroids, lidocaine and implantation of a permanent pacemaker. This may represent the first report of complete AV block with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, which was identified before the other clinical features of SLE fully manifested. SLE should be considered if a patient presents with complete AV block without other clinical features. It may warn for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of SLE including lupus-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lo
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - J C C Wei
- 2 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C F Tsai
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,3 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - L C Li
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Da Chien General Hospital, Miao Li City, Taiwan
| | - S W Huang
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - C H Su
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,3 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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19
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Tsai CF, Guo HR, Tseng YC, Lai DC. Sex and Geographic Differences in the Prevalence of Reported Childhood Motor Disability and Their Trends in Taiwan. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:6754230. [PMID: 29850547 PMCID: PMC5907418 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6754230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Motor disability (MD) is not uncommon in children, but data at the national level are scarce. As the Taiwan government certifies and registers disabled residents for providing services on a routine basis, the registry provides a unique opportunity for studying MD. Using data from the registry, we calculated the prevalence of MD by age, sex, and geographic area and assessed the changes from 2004 to 2010. We excluded cases under 3 years old because the government discourages the certification at this age. We found that cases between 3 and 17 years old decreased from 8187 to 6022 per year from 2004 to 2010 and the prevalence generally decreased every year in all age groups. There were more boy cases than girl cases every year, and the prevalence rate ratios ranged from 1.26 to 1.39 (p < 0.05 in all years), with a decreasing trend over time (p < 0.01). Rural areas had higher prevalence in all the years, and the prevalence rate ratio decreased from 1.31 to 1.23 (p < 0.05 in all years), with a decreasing trend over time (p < 0.05). Further studies identifying the risk factors contributing to the decreases might help in the prevention of MD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, 539 Zhongxiao Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Occupational Safety, Health and Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Tseng
- Language Education Center and Department of Tourism, Food and Beverage Management, Chang Jung Christian University, 1 Chang-Da Road, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Der-Chung Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, 539 Zhongxiao Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, 60 Erren Road, Section 1, Tainan 717, Taiwan
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20
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Lai SW, Chen JH, Lin HY, Liu YS, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Lu DY, Lin C. Regulatory Effects of Neuroinflammatory Responses Through Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Microglial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7487-7499. [PMID: 29427085 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of microglial over-activation is an important strategy to counter balance neurodegenerative progression. We previously demonstrated that the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may be a therapeutic target in mediating anti-neuroinflammatory responses in microglia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the major neurotrophic factors produced by astrocytes to maintain the development and survival of neurons in the brain, and have recently been shown to modulate homeostasis of neuroinflammation. Therefore, the present study focused on BDNF-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and may provide an endogenous regulation of neuroinflammation. Among the tested neuroinflammation, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and minocycline exerted BDNF upregulation to inhibit COX-2 and proinflammatory mediator expressions. Furthermore, both EGCG and minocycline upregulated BDNF expression in microglia through AMPK signaling. In addition, minocycline and EGCG also increased expressions of erythropoietin (EPO) and sonic hedgehog (Shh). In the endogenous modulation of neuroinflammation, astrocyte-conditioned medium (AgCM) also decreased the expression of COX-2 and upregulated BDNF expression in microglia. The anti-inflammatory effects of BDNF were mediated through EPO/Shh in microglia. Our results indicated that the BDNF-EPO-Shh novel-signaling pathway underlies the regulation of inflammatory responses and may be regarded as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. This study also reveals a better understanding of an endogenous crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia to regulate anti-inflammatory actions, which could provide a novel strategy for the treatment of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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21
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Wang YC, Tsai CF, Chuang HL, Chang YC, Chen HS, Lee JN, Tsai EM. Benzyl butyl phthalate promotes breast cancer stem cell expansion via SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29563-76. [PMID: 27129165 PMCID: PMC5045417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms unique to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is required to control breast cancer metastasis. We found that phthalates promote BCSCs in human breast cancer cell cultures and xenograft tumors. A toxic phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer cells to stimulate sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) signaling and enhance formation of metastasis-initiating BCSCs. BBP induced histone modifications in S1PR3 in side population (SP) cells, but not in non-SP cells. SPHK1 or S1PR3 knockdown in breast cancer cells effectively reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Our findings suggest S1PR3 is a determinant of phthalate-driven breast cancer metastasis and a possible therapeutic target for regulating BCSC populations. Furthermore, the association between breast carcinogenesis and environmental pollutants has important implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, National Laboratory Animal Center, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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22
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Lai SW, Huang BR, Liu YS, Lin HY, Chen CC, Tsai CF, Lu DY, Lin C. Differential Characterization of Temozolomide-Resistant Human Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010127. [PMID: 29301329 PMCID: PMC5796076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been considered to be one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents to prolong the survival of patients with glioblastoma. Many glioma cells develop drug-resistance against TMZ that is mediated by increasing O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) levels. The expression of connexin 43 was increased in the resistant U251 subline compared with the parental U251 cells. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated regulators, including vimentin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, was reduced in the resistant U251 subline. In addition, the resistant U251 subline exhibited decreased cell migratory activity and monocyte adhesion ability compared to the parental U251 cells. Furthermore, the resistant U251 subline also expressed lower levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 after treatment with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These findings suggest differential characteristics in the drug-resistant GBM from the parental glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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23
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Tsai CF, Cheng YK, Lu DY, Wang SL, Chang CN, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Inhibition of estrogen receptor reduces connexin 43 expression in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 338:182-190. [PMID: 29180066 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Connexins are widely supported as tumor suppressors due to their downregulation in cancers, nevertheless, more recent evidence suggests roles for connexins in facilitating tumor progression in later stages, including metastasis. One of the key factors regulating the expression, modification, stability, and localization of connexins is hormone receptors in hormone-dependent cancers. It is reasonable to consider that hormones/hormone receptors may modulate connexins expression and play critical roles in the cellular control of connexins during breast cancer progression. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers, tamoxifen and fulvestrant are widely used therapeutic agents and are considered to alter ER signaling. In this present study, we investigated the effects of fulvestrant and tamoxifen in Cx43 expression, and we also explored the role of Cx43 in ER-positive breast cancer migration and the relationship between Cx43 and ER. The involvement of estrogen/ER in Cx43 modulation was further verified by administering tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents. We found that inhibition of ER promoted the binding of E3 ligase Nedd4 to Cx43, leading to Cx43 ubiquitination. Furthermore, inhibition of ER by fulvestrant and tamoxifen phosphorylated p38 MAPK, and inhibition of Rac, MKK3/6, and p38 reversed fulvestrant-reduced Cx43 expression. These findings suggest that Cx43 expression which may positively regulate cell migration is ER-dependent in ER-positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Kai Cheng
- Division of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, No.2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Lin Wang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ni Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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24
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Huang BR, Chen TS, Bau DT, Chuang IC, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Lu DY. EGFR is a pivotal regulator of thrombin-mediated inflammation in primary human nucleus pulposus culture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8578. [PMID: 28819180 PMCID: PMC5561020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We found that the coagulation and cytokine pathways were important mechanisms involve in the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVD) using a microarray approach to analyze gene expression in different grades of specimens. Furthermore, using a cytokine/chemokine array, a significant increase in CXCL8 expression was observed in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells after thrombin treatment. The enhancement of CXCL8 expression by thrombin was activated by the PAR1 receptor. Importantly, analysis of degenerated human NP tissue samples showed that EGFR expression positively correlated with the grade of tissue degeneration. In NP cells, thrombin caused an increase in phosphorylation of the EGFR at the Tyr1068, and treatment with the pharmacological EGFR inhibitor, AG1473 effectively blocked thrombin-enhanced CXCL8 production. Surprisingly, inhibition of STAT3 for 24 h decreased expression of EGFR. Treatment with thrombin also increased Akt and GSK3α/β activation; this activation was also blocked by EGFR inhibitor. Although c-Src, ERK, and FAK were activated by thrombin, only c-Src and ERK were involved in the STAT3/CXCL8 induction. Our findings indicate that stimulation of an inflammatory response in NP cells by thrombin is part of a specific pathophysiology that modulates the EGFR activation through activation of Src/ERK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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25
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Yeh WL, Tsai CF, Chen DR. Peri-foci adipose-derived stem cells promote chemoresistance in breast cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:177. [PMID: 28750689 PMCID: PMC5532814 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells in tumor microenvironment can influence therapeutic responses in various types of cancers. For triple negative breast cancer, chemotherapy remains the mainstay of standard treatment. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between human adipose-derived stem cells (hAdSCs) and chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. Method Conditioned medium was collected from hAdSCs, which was isolated from breast cancer patients who had had breast mastectomy. The expression of selected CD markers was evaluated by flow cytometry to characterize hAdSCs. By array analyses of the secreted cytokines and chemokines of hAdSCs, we identified CXCL1 that mediated doxorubicin resistance and the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG2 in TNBC. By microRNA microarray, the association between hAdSC-mediated doxorubicin resistance in TNBC was also revealed. Results Conditioned medium collected from hAdSCs elicited doxorubicin resistance and enhanced the expression of ABCG2, which is a transporter responsible for the efflux of doxorubicin. CXCL1 secreted by hAdSCs downregulated miR-106a expression in triple negative breast cancer, and resulted in ABCG2 upregulation and doxorubicin resistance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CXCL1 secreted by hAdSCs elicits doxorubicin resistance through miR-106a-mediated ABCG2 upregulation in triple negative breast cancer. These findings provide a better understanding of the importance of adipose-derived stem cells in breast cancer microenvironment regarding to the development of chemoresistance and reveal the potential of discovering novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0630-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, No. 500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135 Nanxiao Street, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan.
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26
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Hsu CY, Hsieh TH, Tsai CF, Chen HS, Liang PI, Hsu YL, Tsai EM. Synthetic Steroid Hormones Regulated Cell Proliferation Through MicroRNA-34a-5p in Human Ovarian Endometrioma1. Biol Reprod 2016; 94. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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27
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Hsieh TH, Hsu CY, Tsai CF, Long CY, Chai CY, Hou MF, Lee JN, Wu DC, Wang SC, Tsai EM. miR-125a-5p is a prognostic biomarker that targets HDAC4 to suppress breast tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:494-509. [PMID: 25504437 PMCID: PMC4381610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying stably expressed tumor markers that can be used easily to detect cancer is currently an important area of cancer research. By using miRNA microarray, we identified 20 differentially expressed miRNAs in serum samples of breast cancer patients. Expression of miR-125a-5p was relatively lower in patients with shorter survival compared to long-term survivors. In a cohort of breast cancer patients (N = 300), serum expression of miR-125a-5p was negatively and significantly correlated with tumor grade (P = 0.004), lymph-node status (P = 0.004), and tumor size (P < 0.001). Low miR-125a-5p expression was an independent prognostic marker (OR = 0.421; 95% CI = 0.184 to 0.961; P = 0.04) associated with poor survival rates (P = 0.0062). We show that miR-125a-5p directly inhibits expression of the HDAC4 gene, resulting in tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo. Together these results demonstrate that serum miR-125a-5p level in breast cancer may be a useful prognostic biomarker and offer a novel therapeutic avenue by targeting HDAC4 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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28
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Tsai CF, Hsieh TH, Lee JN, Hsu CY, Wang YC, Kuo KK, Wu HL, Chiu CC, Tsai EM, Kuo PL. Curcumin Suppresses Phthalate-Induced Metastasis and the Proportion of Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)-like Cells via the Inhibition of AhR/ERK/SK1 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:10388-10398. [PMID: 26585812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicating that phthalates promote cancer development, including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, has raised public health concerns. Here, we show that bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate promotes the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increased the proportion of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells and stemness maintenance in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The various activities of curcumin, including anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immunomodulation, have been investigated extensively. Curcumin suppressed phthalate-induced cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, decreased the proportion of CSC-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We also reveal that curcumin suppressed phthalate-induced migration, invasion, and CSC-like cell maintenance through inhibition of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/ERK/SK1/S1P3 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that curcumin may be a potential antidote for phthalate-induced cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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29
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Chen JH, Tsai CH, Lin HY, Huang CF, Leung YM, Lai SW, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Lu DY, Lin C. Interlukin-18 Is a Pivot Regulatory Factor on Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Expression and Brain Astrocytic Migration. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6218-6227. [PMID: 26558633 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been shown to be elevated in some pathophysiological conditions and is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix in astrocytes. In current study, the function of MMP-13 was further investigated. The conditioned medium (CM) collected from activated microglia increased interleukin (IL)-18 production and enhanced MMP-13 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant IL-18 increased MMP-13 protein and mRNA levels in astrocytes. Recombinant IL-18 stimulation also increased the enzymatic activity of MMP-13 and the migratory activity of astrocytes, while administration of MMP-13 or pan-MMP inhibitors antagonized IL-18-induced migratory activity of astrocytes. In addition, administration of recombinant IL-18 to astrocytes led to the phosphorylation of JNK, Akt, or PKCδ, and treatment of astrocytes with JNK, PI3 kinase/Akt, or PKCδ inhibitors significantly decreased the IL-18-induced migratory activity. Taken together, the results suggest that IL-18-induced MMP-13 expression in astrocytes is regulated by JNK, PI3 kinase/Akt, and PKCδ signaling pathways. These findings also indicate that IL-18 is an important regulator leading to MMP-13 expression and cell migration in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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30
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Lin HY, Tsai CH, Lin C, Yeh WL, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Wu LH, Lu DY. Cobalt Protoporphyrin Upregulates Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Through a Heme Oxygenase-Independent Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4497-508. [PMID: 26255181 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) is a potent HO-1 inducer and generally known to be an antioxidant in various cell types. Little is known about the CoPP-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and its downstream signaling in microglial cells. In current study, CoPP caused concentration- and time-dependent increases in COX-2 expression in microglial cells. Furthermore, activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1/MAP kinase involved in CoPP-induced COX-2 expression in microglia. CoPP also induced P2X7 receptor activation, and treatment of P2X7 inhibitors effectively reduced CoPP-induced COX-2 expression. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) 1 is reported to be involved in modulating anti-inflammatory response through negative regulation of transcription factors. Interestingly, treatment with CoPP markedly induced PIAS1 degradation which is regulated by PI3K, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (GSK3α/β) signaling pathways. These results suggest that CoPP induces COX-2 expression through activating P2X7 receptors and ASK1/MAP kinases as well as PIAS1 degradation signaling pathways. Our study provides a new insight into the regulatory effect of CoPP on neuroinflammation in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Tsai CF, Kuo YH, Yeh WL, Wu CYJ, Lin HY, Lai SW, Liu YS, Wu LH, Lu JK, Lu DY. Regulatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on neuroinflammation in microglial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5572-89. [PMID: 25768341 PMCID: PMC4394493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation has been widely demonstrated to mediate inflammatory processes that are crucial in several neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmaceuticals that can deliver direct inhibitory effects on microglia are therefore considered as a potential strategy to counter balance neurodegenerative progression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural phenol in honeybee propolis, is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Accordingly, the current study intended to probe the effects of CAPE on microglia activation by using in vitro and in vivo models. Western blot and Griess reaction assay revealed CAPE significantly inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the production of nitric oxide (NO). Administration of CAPE resulted in increased expressions of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1and erythropoietin (EPO) in microglia. The phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α was further found to regulate the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid. In vivo results from immunohistochemistry along with rotarod test also revealed the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of CAPE in microglia activation. The current study has evidenced several possible molecular determinants, AMPKα, EPO, and HO-1, in mediating anti-neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jheng-Kun Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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Ko YC, Tsai CF, Wang CC, Dhurandhare VM, Hu PL, Su TY, Lico LS, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1,6-anhydrosugars and orthogonally protected thioglycosides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14425-31. [PMID: 25291402 DOI: 10.1021/ja504804v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms employ glycans as recognition elements because of their large structural information density. Well-defined sugar structures are needed to fully understand and take advantage of glycan functions, but sufficient quantities of these compounds cannot be readily obtained from natural sources and have to be synthesized. Among the bottlenecks in the chemical synthesis of complex glycans is the preparation of suitably protected monosaccharide building blocks. Thus, easy, rapid, and efficient methods for building-block acquisition are desirable. Herein, we describe routes directly starting from the free sugars toward notable monosaccharide derivatives through microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis. The procedure followed the in situ generation of per-O-trimethylsilylated monosaccharide intermediates, which provided 1,6-anhydrosugars or thioglycosides upon treatment with either trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate or trimethyl(4-methylphenylthio)silane and ZnI2, respectively, under microwave irradiation. We successfully extended the methodology to regioselective protecting group installation and manipulation toward a number of thioglucosides and the glycosylation of persilylated derivatives, all of which were conducted in a single vessel. These developed approaches open the possibility for generating arrays of suitably protected building blocks for oligosaccharide assembly in a short period with minimal number of purification stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Ko
- Genomics Research Center, ‡Institute of Chemistry, and §Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica , 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Tsai CF, Hsieh TH, Lee JN, Hsu CY, Wang YC, Lai FJ, Kuo KK, Wu HL, Tsai EM, Kuo PL. Benzyl butyl phthalate induces migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells through nongenomic AhR/G-protein signaling. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:556. [PMID: 25081364 PMCID: PMC4131049 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of phthalates as plasticizers has raised public health concerns regarding their adverse effects, including an association with cancer. Although animal investigations have suggested an association between phthalate exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma, the mechanisms are unknown. Methods The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh7 was treated with benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and then analyzed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy and double immunogold transmission electron microscopy. Following BBP treatment, mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR, protein levels were measured using western blot, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell migration and invasion assays were evaluated by transwell, and angiogenesis were performed by a tube formation assay. Nude mice were used to investigate metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. Results BBP affected hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and that benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) stimulated AhR at the cell surface, which then interacted with G proteins and triggered a downstream signaling cascade. BBP activated AhR through a nongenomic action involving G-protein signaling rather than the classical genomic AhR action. BBP treatment promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo via the AhR/Gβ/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. In addition, BBP induced both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis through the AhR/ERK/VEGF pathway. Conclusions These findings suggest a novel nongenomic AhR mechanism involving G-protein signaling induced by phthalates, which contributes to tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-556) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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Chuang JY, Chang PC, Shen YC, Lin C, Tsai CF, Chen JH, Yeh WL, Wu LH, Lin HY, Liu YS, Lu DY. Regulatory effects of fisetin on microglial activation. Molecules 2014; 19:8820-39. [PMID: 24972270 PMCID: PMC6271444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19078820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system that are mediated by microglial activation play a key role in neurodegeneration. Fisetin, a plant flavonol commonly found in fruits and vegetables, is frequently added to nutritional supplements due to its antioxidant properties. In the present study, treatment with fisetin inhibited microglial cell migration and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. Treatment with fisetin also effectively inhibited LPS plus IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in microglial cells. Furthermore, fisetin also reduced expressions of iNOS and NO by stimulation of peptidoglycan, the major component of the Gram-positive bacterium cell wall. Fisetin also inhibited the enhancement of LPS/IFN-γ- or peptidoglycan-induced inflammatory mediator IL (interlukin)-1 β expression. Besides the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin, our study also elucidates the manner in fisetin-induced an endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme HO (heme oxygenase)-1 expression. Moreover, the regulatory molecular mechanism of fisetin-induced HO-1 expression operates through the PI-3 kinase/AKT and p38 signaling pathways in microglia. Notably, fisetin also significantly attenuated inflammation-related microglial activation and coordination deficit in mice in vivo. These findings suggest that fisetin may be a candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Shen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Hsieh WT, Yeh WL, Cheng RY, Lin C, Tsai CF, Huang BR, Wu CYJ, Lin HY, Huang SS, Lu DY. Exogenous endothelin-1 induces cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase expression in U251 human glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:257-269. [PMID: 24756349 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor characterized by its rapid infiltration to surrounding tissues during the early stages. The fast spreading of GBM obscures the initiation of the tumor mass making the treatment outcome undesirable. Endothelin-1 is known as a secretory protein presented in various types of brain cells, which has been indicated as a factor for cancer pathology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell migration in GBM. We found that various malignant glioma cells expressed higher amounts of endothelin-1, ETA, and ETB receptors than nonmalignant human astrocytes. The application of endothelin-1 enhanced the migratory activity in human U251 glioma cells corresponding to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-13. The endothelin-1-induced cell migration was attenuated by MMP-9 and MMP-13 inhibitors and inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and PI3 kinase/Akt. Furthermore, the elevated levels of phosphate c-Jun accumulation in the nucleus and activator protein-1 (AP-1)-DNA binding activity were also found in endothelin-1 treated glioma cells. In migration-prone sublines, cells with greater migration ability showed higher endothelin-1, ETB receptor, and MMP expressions. These results indicate that endothelin-1 activates MAP kinase and AP-1 signaling, resulting in enhanced MMP-9 and MMP-13 expressions and cell migration in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering and Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yuo Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Huang BR, Chang PC, Yeh WL, Lee CH, Tsai CF, Lin C, Lin HY, Liu YS, Wu CYJ, Ko PY, Huang SS, Hsu HC, Lu DY. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the calcium channel blocker nicardipine on microglial cells: implications for neuroprotection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91167. [PMID: 24621589 PMCID: PMC3951295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker that has been widely used to control blood pressure in severe hypertension following events such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system that are mediated by microglial activation play important roles in neurodegeneration, and the effect of nicardipine on microglial activation remains unresolved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, using murine BV-2 microglia, we demonstrated that nicardipine significantly inhibits microglia-related neuroinflammatory responses. Treatment with nicardipine inhibited microglial cell migration. Nicardipine also significantly inhibited LPS plus IFN-γ-induced release of nitric oxide (NO), and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, nicardipine also inhibited microglial activation by peptidoglycan, the major component of the Gram-positive bacterium cell wall. Notably, nicardipine also showed significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial activation in mice in vivo. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The present study is the first to report a novel inhibitory role of nicardipine on neuroinflammation and provides a new candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Ko
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsu CY, Hsieh TH, Tsai CF, Tsai HP, Chen HS, Chang Y, Chuang HY, Lee JN, Hsu YL, Tsai EM. miRNA-199a-5p regulates VEGFA in endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Pathol 2014; 232:330-43. [PMID: 24155090 DOI: 10.1002/path.4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that endometrial miRNAs contribute to the aetiology of endometriosis in stem cells; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we collected serum samples from patients with or without endometriosis and characterized the miRNA expression profiles of these two groups. MicroRNA-199a-5p (miR-199a-5p) was dramatically down-regulated in patients with endometriosis compared with control patients. In addition, we found that the tumour suppressor gene, SMAD4, could elevate miR-199a-5p expression in ectopic endometrial mesenchymal stem cells. Up-regulation of miR-199a-5p suppressed cell proliferation, motility and angiogenesis of these ectopic stem cells by targeting the 3' untranslated region of VEGFA. Furthermore, we established an animal model of endometriosis and found that miR-199a-5p could decrease the size of endometriotic lesions in vivo. Taken together, this newly identified miR-199a-5p module provides a new avenue to the understanding of the processes of endometriosis development, especially proliferation, motility and angiogenesis, and may facilitate the development of potential therapeutics against endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chuang JY, Tsai CF, Chang SW, Chiang IP, Huang SM, Lin HY, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces cell migration in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:1103-12. [PMID: 24070603 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perineural invasion is a prominent clinical feature of various cancers, which causes difficulty in curative resection. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent neurotrophic factor, plays an important role in the invasive and metastatic behavior of various cancers. The aim of this study was to examine the role of GDNF on oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS GDNF expression in tissue samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Transwell assay, zymography, Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were carried out to assess the effects of GDNF on oral cancer cells. RESULTS Human oral cancer tissues showed higher GDNF expression than that in normal tissues. We also found that application of human GDNF enhanced the cell migration ability of human oral cancers. Moreover, treatment with GDNF increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-13 expression in oral cancer. Inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in oral cancer cells by pharmacological inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies reduced GDNF-enhanced cell migration. Moreover, transfection with siRNA against MMP-13 inhibited GDNF-enhanced cell migration. Treatment with GDNF also increased ERK, p38 and JNK phosphorylation, and AP-1 DNA binding activity in human oral cancer cells. Inhibition of MAP kinase or AP-1 also reduced GDNF-induced oral cancer cell migration. In migration-prone sublines, oral cancer cells showed a higher migration ability than that of the original oral cancer cells. Surprisingly, the enhancement of cell migratory activity in migration-prone sublines was reduced by a GDNF-neutralizing antibody. Importantly, migration-prone sublines of oral cancer revealed higher GDNF expression. CONCLUSION These results indicate a regulatory effect on cell migration by GDNF in oral squamous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tsai CF, Hung CW, Lirng JF, Wang SJ, Fuh JL. Differences in brain metabolism associated with agitation and depression in Alzheimer's disease. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2013; 23:86-90. [PMID: 24088401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agitation and depression are among the commonest behavioural and psychological symptoms exhibited by Alzheimer's disease patients. However, their pathophysiology remains unclear. We therefore investigated the relationship between the brain metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and agitation and depression in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS We recruited 26 patients (14 women and 12 men) with a mean age of 75 years and probable Alzheimer's disease. All patients completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS) assessment, and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) in order to evaluate cognition, depression, and agitation, respectively. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging and (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) to creatine (Cr) in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were measured and compared with neuropsychological test results. RESULTS The MMSE scores correlated positively with the NAA/Cr ratio in the left posterior cingulate gyrus (r = 0.56; p = 0.001). The CMAI scores correlated negatively with the NAA/Cr ratio in the left posterior cingulate gyrus (r = -0.46; p = 0.02). The GDS scores correlated positively with the Cho/Cr ratio in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r = 0.59; p = 0.01), and mI/Cr in both left (r = 0.47; p = 0.03) and right (r = 0.47; p = 0.03) cingulate gyri. CONCLUSIONS Agitation and depression levels correlated with different neurochemical metabolites in specific brain areas. We conclude that various neuropsychiatric symptoms might have separate pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Institute of Brain Science / Faculty of Medicine / Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
In 2009, more than 50% of vine type French beans were found bearing severe viral symptoms in a vegetable garden in Nantou County, Taiwan. Infected plants were stunted and exhibited pronounced mottling symptoms on their leaves. The symptomatic plants were mechanically inoculated on Chenopodium quinoa and local lesions developed 7 to 10 days after inoculation. The virus source established by back isolation the single lesion from C. quinoa on French beans developed symptoms similar to those found in the field. Host range test showed that this isolate could only infect leguminous plants, including soybean, mung bean, pea, peanut, asparagus bean, cowpea, adzuki bean, and lima bean, but not cucurbitaceous and solanaceous plants. Since only Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been reported in Taiwan to induce similar symptoms in French beans, we tested both the field collected and inoculated French beans by CMV antiserum in ELISA but obtained a negative result. Due to subsequent electron microscopy studies that found potyvirus and carlavirus like particles in the leaf dips of infected French beans, we conducted reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using generic degenerate primers for potyviruses (Hrp5/Pot1 (2) and PotZ/Pot1 (3)) and carlaviruses (Decarla-u2 (5'-TGCACTGARTCMGAYTATGARGCYTT-3' and Decarla-d1 (5'-GCACATRTCRTCVCCDGCAAA-3') previously designed in our lab. No amplification was found from the potyvirus primers, while the carlavirus one gave an expected amplicon of 285 bp, which was found sharing 81% nucleotide sequence identity with the replicase gene of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) (GenBank Accession No. FJ560903). A primer pair (CpMMV-CPu: 5'-TTTACTCTTAggTWATggAgTC-3' and CpMMV-CPd: 5'-CCTATTAAAACACACAAHTCAAA-3') was thus designed to amplify the complete coat protein (CP) gene based on the reported CP sequences and obtained an expected 867-bp product from our French bean isolate. This 867-bp sequence (JX020701) was confirmed to have 97.6% amino acid sequence identities with the CP gene of a Puerto Rican CpMMV isolate (GU191840). In a separate survey, another isolate from asparagus bean (CpMMV-V) causing mild mottling symptom was obtained. Analyses of the CP gene of CpMMV-V (JX070669) confirmed that it shared 88.8% and 97.8% of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities with the French bean isolate, respectively. Different from most carlaviruses with aphid transmissibility, CpMMV has been shown to be transmitted non-persistently by whiteflies (1). Both CpMMV isolates from Taiwan were confirmed to be transmitted by silver leaf whiteflies (Bemicia argentifolii Bellows and Perring). This is the first record of whitefly transmissible legume virus in Taiwan. Since whitefly has been a problem in agriculture worldwide, CpMMV can be a new emerging threat for Taiwan's legume crop production. References: (1) M. Iwaki et al. Plant Dis. 66:365, 1982. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. J. Virol. Methods 41:9, 1993. (3) F. M. Zerbini et al. Phytopathology 85:746.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - L Y Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C F Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y Y Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Science and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y H Cheng
- Plant Pathology Division, Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang BR, Tsai CF, Lin HY, Tseng WP, Huang SS, Wu CR, Lin C, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Interaction of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in microglia by Staphylococcus aureus-derived lipoteichoic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tsai CF, Ou BR, Liang YC, Yeh JY. Growth inhibition and antioxidative status induced by selenium-enriched broccoli extract and selenocompounds in DNA mismatch repair-deficient human colon cancer cells. Food Chem 2013; 139:267-73. [PMID: 23561105 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of enzymatic-digested Se-enriched broccoli extracts (SeB) and selenocompounds on growth and antioxidative status in human colon cancer cells was investigated in this study. HCT116 and HCT116+Chr.3 cells were treated with selenocompounds (sodium selenite, sodium selenate, Se-Met, MeSeCys) or SeB [high-Se (H-SeB) or low-Se (L-SeB)]. The cytotoxicity induced by selenocompounds in HCT116 cells was not associated with cellular H2O2 level, while the differential cytotoxicity observed by sodium selenite between HCT116 and HCT116+Chr.3 cell lines was related to cellular H2O2 production with the change in antioxidative enzyme activity, and the restoration of chromosome 3. H-SeB was found to reduce the cellular H2O2 content in HCT116+Chr.3 cells. The results in this study indicate that regardless of Se content, the cytotoxicity in HCT116 cells of both SeB forms appeared to be H2O2-independent, whereas the cytotoxicity in HCT116+Chr.3 of either SeB form appeared to be H2O2-dependent with an increase in antioxidative ability for H-SeB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wu-Feng Chu, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
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Lee TTY, Tsai CF, Hsieh TH, Chen JJJ, Wang YC, Kao MC, Wu RM, Singh S, Tsai EM, Lee JN. Ectopic pregnancy-derived human trophoblastic stem cells regenerate dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway to treat parkinsonian rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52491. [PMID: 23285066 PMCID: PMC3528662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell therapy is a potential strategy to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, several practical limitations remain. As such, finding the appropriate stem cell remains the primary issue in regenerative medicine today. We isolated a pre-placental pluripotent stem cell from the chorionic villi of women with early tubal ectopic pregnancies. Our objectives in this study were (i) to identify the characteristics of hTS cells as a potential cell source for therapy; and (ii) to test if hTS cells can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD. Methods and Findings hTS cells expressed gene markers of both the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). hTS cells exhibited genetic and biological characteristics similar to that of hES cells, yet genetically distinct from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) efficiently induced hTS cells into trophoblast neural stem cells (tNSCs) in 1-day. Overexpression of transcription factor Nanog was possibly achieved through a RA-induced non-genomic c-Src/Stat3/Nanog signaling pathway mediated by the subcellular c-Src mRNA localization for the maintenance of pluripotency in tNSCs. tNSC transplantation into the lesioned striatum of acute and chronic PD rats not only improved behavioral deficits but also regenerated dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway, evidenced by immunofluorescent and immunohistological analyses at 18-weeks. Furthermore, tNSCs showed immunological advantages for the application in regenerative medicine. Conclusions We successfully isolated and characterized the unique ectopic pregnancy-derived hTS cells. hTS cells are pluripotent stem cells that can be efficiently induced to tNSCs with positive results in PD rat models. Our data suggest that the hTS cell is a dynamic stem cell platform that is potentially suitable for use in disease models, drug discovery, and cell therapy such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Tung-Yin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin Jason Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Chun Kao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Meei Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sher Singh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JNL) (ET); (EMT) (JL)
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JNL) (ET); (EMT) (JL)
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Tsai EM, Tsai CF. Abstract A41: Butyl benzyl phthalate induces metastasis and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma through a nongenomic AhR/G protein signaling. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.prev-12-a41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The widespread use of phthalates as plasticizers particularly in polyvinylchloride (PVC) products has raised public health concerns recently due to their adverse health effects, including cancer. Although sufficient evidences of animal investigations suggested the association of phthalates exposure and hepatoma, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study of the effects of phthalates on hepatoma cells progression through AhR shows that butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) stimulates AhR at the cell surface, interacts with G protein, and triggers the downstream signaling cascade. The experimental results suggest that BBP activates AhR through a nongenomic action, involving G protein signaling other than the classical genomic AhR action. Further experiments have shown that BBP induces both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis through the AhR/ERK/VEGF pathway. Moreover, the study also reveals that BBP treatment promotes migration, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo via AhR/Gβ/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. Collectively, the findings suggest a novel nongenomic AhR mechanism of phthalates that contributes to tumor progression in hepatoma. The finding will be useful when developing approaches for preventing and treating liver cancer.
Citation Format: Eing-Mei Tsai, Cheng-Fang Tsai. Butyl benzyl phthalate induces metastasis and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma through a nongenomic AhR/G protein signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hsieh TH, Tsai CF, Hsu CY, Kuo PL, Hsi E, Suen JL, Hung CH, Lee JN, Chai CY, Wang SC, Tsai EM. n-Butyl benzyl phthalate promotes breast cancer progression by inducing expression of lymphoid enhancer factor 1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42750. [PMID: 22905168 PMCID: PMC3414447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental hormones play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, drug resistance, and breast cancer risk; however, their precise role in human breast cancer cells during cancer progression remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of the most widely used industrial phthalate, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), on cancer progression, we evaluated the results of BBP treatment using a whole human genome cDNA microarray and MetaCore software and selected candidate genes whose expression was changed by more than ten-fold by BBP compared with controls to analyze the signaling pathways in human breast cancer initiating cells (R2d). A total of 473 genes were upregulated, and 468 were downregulated. Most of these genes are involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis signaling. BBP induced the viability, invasion and migration, and tube formation in vitro, and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in vivo of R2d and MCF-7. Furthermore, the viability and invasion and migration of these cell lines following BBP treatment was reduced by transfection with a small interfering RNA targeting the mRNA for lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; notably, the altered expression of this gene consistently differentiated tumors expressing genes involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular impact of the environmental hormone BBP and suggest possible strategies for preventing and treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Nan Lee
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Wang YC, Chen HS, Long CY, Tsai CF, Hsieh TH, Hsu CY, Tsai EM. Possible mechanism of phthalates-induced tumorigenesis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2012; 28:S22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Hsieh TH, Tsai CF, Hsu CY, Kuo PL, Lee JN, Chai CY, Hou MF, Chang CC, Long CY, Ko YC, Tsai EM. Phthalates stimulate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition through an HDAC6-dependent mechanism in human breast epithelial stem cells. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:365-76. [PMID: 22552774 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are environmental hormone-like molecules that are associated with breast cancer risk and are involved in metastasis, a process that requires the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, few studies have addressed the potential effects of phthalates on stem cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that phthalates such as butyl benzyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate induce EMT in R2d cells, a stem cell-derived human breast epithelial cell line that is responsive to estradiol for tumor development. We observed that phthalates induced EMT as evidenced by morphological changes concomitant with increased expression of mesenchymal markers and decreased expression of epithelial markers. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is required for phthalate-induced cell migration and invasion during EMT in vitro and metastasis into the lungs of nude mice. We also constructed a series of mutant HDAC6 promoter fragments and found that the transcription factor AP-2a plays a novel role in regulating the HDAC6 promoter. Furthermore, phthalates stimulated estrogen receptors and triggered the downstream EGFR-PKA signaling cascade, leading to increased expression of AP-2a in the nucleus. We also observed that phthalates increased expression of the PP1/HDAC6 complex and caused Akt activation and GSK3β inactivation, leading to transcriptional activation of vimentin through the β-catenin-TCF-4/LEF1 pathway. Understanding the signaling cascades of phthalates that activate EMT through HDAC6 in breast epithelial stem cells provides the identification of novel therapeutic target for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen JH, Huang SM, Tan TW, Lin HY, Chen PY, Yeh WL, Chou SC, Tsai CF, Wei IH, Lu DY. Berberine induces heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and NF-E2-related factor-2 signaling pathway in astrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hsieh TH, Tsai CF, Hsu CY, Kuo PL, Lee JN, Chai CY, Wang SC, Tsai EM. Phthalates induce proliferation and invasiveness of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer through the AhR/HDAC6/c-Myc signaling pathway. FASEB J 2011; 26:778-87. [PMID: 22049059 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-191742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The environmentally present group of chemical phthalates, or phthalate esters, has been recognized as a rising threat to public health, including cancer. While most studies have addressed the estrogenic effects of phthalates in malignancies of the breast and the prostate, little is known about their role in the etiology of hormone-independent cancer. Here we show that treatments with the phthalates n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) at 1 μM induced proliferation (BBP, 3.2-fold; DBP, 3.2-fold), migration (BBP, 2.6-fold; DBP, 2.6-fold), invasion (BBP, 2.7-fold; DBP, 3.1-fold), and tumor formation (EC(50): BBP, 0.12 μM; DBP, 0.22 μM) in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). We further demonstrate that phthalates stimulated the cell surface aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and triggered the downstream cyclic AMP (cAMP)-PKA-CREB1 signaling cascade. The pathway led to increased expression of HDAC6, which facilitated nuclear assembly of the β-catenin-LEF1/TCF4 transcriptional complex and transactivation of the c-Myc oncogene. This nongenomic pathway emanated from the phthalate-induced AhR promoted tumorigenesis of ER-negative breast cancer. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel oncogenic mechanism of phthalates in breast cancer independent from their estrogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chung YC, Yeh JY, Tsai CF. Antibacterial characteristics and activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by the Maillard reaction. Molecules 2011; 16:8504-14. [PMID: 21989311 PMCID: PMC6264222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by Maillard reactions against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhimurium was examined. Relatively high antibacterial activity against various microorganisms was noted for the chitosan-glucosamine derivative as compared to the acid-soluble chitosan. In addition, it was found that the susceptibility of the test organisms to the water-soluble chitosan derivative was higher in deionized water than in saline solution. Metal ions were also found to reduce the antibacterial activity of the water-soluble chitosan derivative on S. aureus. The marked increase in glucose level, protein content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was observed in the cell supernatant of S. aureus exposed to the water-soluble chitosan derivative in deionized water. The results suggest that the water-soluble chitosan produced by Maillard reaction may be a promising commercial substitute for acid-soluble chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Ying Yeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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