1
|
Chen QY, Jiang YN, Guan X, Ren FF, Wu SJ, Chu MP, Wu LP, Lai TF, Li L. Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Myocardial Remodeling and Myocardial Inflammation via Upregulating miR-574-3p in Mice. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e010569. [PMID: 38410978 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training can promote cardiac rehabilitation, thereby reducing cardiovascular disease mortality and hospitalization rates. MicroRNAs (miRs) are closely related to heart disease, among which miR-574-3p plays an important role in myocardial remodeling, but its role in exercise-mediated cardioprotection is still unclear. METHODS A mouse myocardial hypertrophy model was established by transverse aortic coarctation, and a 4-week swimming exercise training was performed 1 week after the operation. After swimming training, echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function in mice, and histopathologic staining was used to detect cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac inflammation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of miR-574-3p and cardiac hypertrophy markers. Western blotting detected the IL-6 (interleukin-6)/JAK/STAT inflammatory signaling pathway. RESULTS Echocardiography and histochemical staining found that aerobic exercise significantly improved pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy (n=6), myocardial interstitial fibrosis (n=6), and cardiac inflammation (n=6). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detection showed that aerobic exercise upregulated the expression level of miR-574-3p (n=6). After specific knockdown of miR-574-3p in mouse hearts with adeno-associated virus 9 using cardiac troponin T promoter, we found that the protective effect of exercise training on the heart was significantly reversed. Echocardiography and histopathologic staining showed that inhibiting the expression of miR-574-3p could partially block the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac function (n=6), cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (n=6), and myocardial fibrosis (n=6). Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining showed that the inhibitory effects of aerobic exercise on the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway and cardiac inflammation were partially abolished after miR-574-3p knockdown. Furthermore, we also found that miR-574-3p exerts cardioprotective effects in cardiomyocytes by targeting IL-6 (n=3). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise protects cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation induced by pressure overload by upregulating miR-574-3p and inhibiting the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Yi-Na Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Xuan Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Fang-Fang Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Shu-Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Mao-Ping Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Lian-Pin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| | - Teng-Fang Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Laboratory of the Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Baise, China (T.-F.L)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Panvascular Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China (Q.-Y.C., Y.-N.J., X.G., F.-F.R., S.-J.W., M.-P.C., L.-P.W., L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang R, Miao Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yang Q. A positive feedback loop between miR-574-3p and HIF-1α in promoting angiogenesis under hypoxia. Microvasc Res 2023; 150:104589. [PMID: 37481161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
In our previous report, we presented evidence supporting the role of miR-574-3p in downregulating the expression of cullin 2 (CUL2) in gastric cancer (GC) cells. Expanding on those findings, the present study aims to confirm the direct interaction between miR-574-3p and the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of CUL2, which leads to the suppression of CUL2 expression and destabilization of the VCBCR complex. Based on these discoveries, we propose a novel pathway involving miR-574-3p, HIF-1α, and VEGF that contributes to angiogenesis. Through a series of meticulous experiments, we successfully validate this hypothesis. Specifically, our observations indicate that overexpression of miR-574-3p in GC cells induces an upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF, resulting in enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVEC cells. Furthermore, employing a mouse model, we demonstrate that miR-574-3p facilitates the recruitment of endothelial cells towards matrigel xenografts. Additionally, we note a parallel increase in miR-574-3p and HIF-1α levels across multiple cell lines (including AGS, SGC-7901, Hela, and 293T cells) subjected to hypoxic conditions (2 % O2 or CoCl2 treatment), as well as in the myocardial muscles of sodium nitrite-induced hypoxic mice. Further investigations reveal that HIF-1α upregulates miR-574-3p expression by directly binding to the miR-574 promoter. Collectively, these findings strongly support the existence of a positive feedback loop between miR-574-3p and HIF-1α, which facilitates angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zeyu Miao
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Avgoulas DI, Tasioulis KS, Papi RM, Pantazaki AA. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems in Brain Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051439. [PMID: 37242681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is designated as one of the principal causes of mortality universally. Among different types of cancer, brain cancer remains the most challenging one due to its aggressiveness, the ineffective permeation ability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and drug resistance. To overcome the aforementioned issues in fighting brain cancer, there is an imperative need for designing novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes have been proposed as prospective "Trojan horse" nanocarriers of anticancer theranostics owing to their biocompatibility, increased stability, permeability, negligible immunogenicity, prolonged circulation time, and high loading capacity. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the biological properties, physicochemical characteristics, isolation methods, biogenesis and internalization of exosomes, while it emphasizes their therapeutic and diagnostic potential as drug vehicle systems in brain cancer, highlighting recent advances in the research field. A comparison of the biological activity and therapeutic effectiveness of several exosome-encapsulated cargo including drugs and biomacromolecules underlines their great supremacy over the non-exosomal encapsulated cargo in the delivery, accumulation, and biological potency. Various studies on cell lines and animals give prominence to exosome-based nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising and alternative approach in the management of brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I Avgoulas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Tasioulis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rigini M Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Q, Shen L, Lü J, Xie H, Li D, Shang Y, Huang L, Meng L, An X, Zhou J, Han J, Yu Z. A circulating miR-19b-based model in diagnosis of human breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:980841. [PMID: 36188229 PMCID: PMC9523242 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.980841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is becoming the leading cause of cancer-related death in women all over the word. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of BC is one of the most effective ways to reduce the mortality. Methods: Plasma samples from BC patients (n = 120) and normal controls (n = 50) were collected to determine the differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in BC patients. Binary logistic regression was applied to develop miRNA diagnostic models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). MMTV-PYMT mammary tumor mice were used to validate the expression change of those circulating miRNAs. Plasma samples from patients with other tumor types were collected to determine the specificity of the model in diagnosis of BC. Results: In the screening phase, 5 circulating miRNAs (miR-16, miR-17, miR-19b, miR-27a, and miR-106a) were identified as the most significantly upregulated miRNAs in plasma of BC patients. In consistence, the 5 miRNAs showed upregulation in the circulation of additional 80 BC patients in a tumor stage-dependent manner. Application of a tumor-burden mice model further confirmed upregulation of the 5 miRNAs in circulation. Based on these data, five models with diagnostic potential of BC were developed. Among the 5 miRNAs, miR-19b ranked at the top position with the highest specificity and the biggest contribution. In combination with miR-16 and miR-106a, a miR-19b-based 3-circulating miRNA model was selected as the best for further validation. Taken the samples together, the model showed 92% of sensitivity and 90% of specificity in diagnosis of BC. In addition, three other tumor types including prostate cancer, thyroid cancer and colorectal cancer further verified the specificity of the BC diagnostic model. Conclusion: The current study developed a miR-19b-based 3-miRNA model holding potential for diagnosis of BC using blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Lü
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heying Xie
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Meng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng An
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieru Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Examination, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jieru Zhou, ; Jing Han, ; Zuoren Yu,
| | - Jing Han
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jieru Zhou, ; Jing Han, ; Zuoren Yu,
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jieru Zhou, ; Jing Han, ; Zuoren Yu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
MicroRNA-574-3p Regulates HIF-α Isoforms Promoting Gastric Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Targeting CUL2. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3714-3724. [PMID: 34655362 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely validated as potential biomarkers for cancer treatment and diagnosis. AIMS This paper intends to study the effect and specific mechanism of miR-574-3p/CUL2 axis in GC. METHODS The miR-574-3p expression in GC tissues and cell lines was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). GC cell (N87) proliferation, migration and invasion were determined by the Brdu assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The tumor xenotransplantation model was established in vivo to test the effect of miR-574-3p or Cullin 2 (CUL2) on tumor growth. The relationship between miR-574-3p and CUL2 was predicated by bioinformatic analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP experiment. The expression of CUL2, hypoxia-induced transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) as well as E-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin was monitored by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS miR-574-3p was overexpressed in GC tissues and cells. Forced upregulation of miR-574-3p enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells (N87), while downregulation of miR-574-3p resulted in reverse effects. Additionally, miR-574-3p promoted N87 cells growth and EMT in vivo. CUL2 was negatively regulated by miR-574-3p in N87 cells, and upregulation of CUL2 repressed the malignant behaviors of N87 cells. Moreover, CUL2 directly interacted with HIF-1α and suppressed HIF-1α expression both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS miR-574-3p targeted CUL2 to upregulate HIF-1α, thus facilitating the progression of GC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Coley AB, DeMeis JD, Chaudhary NY, Borchert GM. Small Nucleolar Derived RNAs as Regulators of Human Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081819. [PMID: 36009366 PMCID: PMC9404758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, RNA fragments derived from full-length small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been shown to be specifically excised and functional. These sno-derived RNAs (sdRNAs) have been implicated as gene regulators in a multitude of cancers, controlling a variety of genes post-transcriptionally via association with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In this review, we have summarized the literature connecting sdRNAs to cancer gene regulation. SdRNAs possess miRNA-like functions and are able to fill the role of tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting RNAs in a tissue context-dependent manner. Indeed, there are many miRNAs that are actually derived from snoRNA transcripts, meaning that they are truly sdRNAs and as such are included in this review. As sdRNAs are frequently discarded from ncRNA analyses, we emphasize that sdRNAs are functionally relevant gene regulators and likely represent an overlooked subclass of miRNAs. Based on the evidence provided by the papers reviewed here, we propose that sdRNAs deserve more extensive study to better understand their underlying biology and to identify previously overlooked biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a multitude of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bishop Coley
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Jeffrey David DeMeis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Neil Yash Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Glen Mark Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (A.B.C.); (J.D.D.); (N.Y.C.)
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-251-461-1367
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mirzajani E, Vahidi S, Norollahi SE, Samadani AA. Novel biomarkers of microRNAs in gastric cancer; an overview from diagnosis to treatment. Microrna 2022; 11:12-24. [PMID: 35319404 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220322160242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fourth frequent disease in the world and the second cause of cancer-related death is gastric cancer (GC). In this way, over 80% of diagnoses are made in the middle to advanced degrees of the disease, underscoring the requirement for innovative biomarkers that can be identified quickly. Meaningly, biomarkers that can complement endoscopic diagnosis and be used to detect patients with a high risk of GC are desperately needed. These biomarkers will allow for the accurate prediction of therapy response and prognosis in GC patients, as well as the development of an optimal treatment strategy for each individual. Conspicoiusly, microRNAs (miRNAs) and small noncoding RNA regulates the expression of target mRNA and thereby modifies critical biological mechanisms. According to the data, abnormally miRNAs expression in GC is linked to tumor growth, carcinogenesis, aggression and distant metastasis. Importantly, miRNA expression patterns and next-generation sequencing (NGS) can also be applied to analyze kinds of tissues and cancers. Given the high death rates and poor prognosis of GC, and the absence of a clinical diagnostic factor that is adequately sensitive to GC, research into novel sensitive and specific markers for GC diagnosis is critical. In this review,we evaluate the latest research findings that suggest the feasibility and clinical utility of miRNAs in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) from Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Strains M81 and B95.8 Modulate miRNA Expression When Expressed in Immortalized Human Nasopharyngeal Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020353. [PMID: 35205397 PMCID: PMC8871543 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ herpesvirus strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and the viral oncogenicity in part relies on cellular effects of the viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). It was previously described that EBV strains B95.8 and M81 differ in cell tropism and the activation of the lytic cycle. Nonetheless, it is unknown whether LMP1 from these strains have different effects when expressed in nasopharyngeal cells. Thus, herein we evaluated the effects of EBV LMP1 derived from viral strains B95.8 and M81 and expressed in immortalized nasopharyngeal cells NP69SV40T in the regulation of 91 selected cellular miRNAs. We found that cells expressing either LMP1 behave similarly in terms of NF-kB activation and cell migration. Nonetheless, the miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p were expressed at higher levels in cells expressing LMP1 B95.8 compared to M81. Additionally, results generated by in silico pathway enrichment analysis indicated that LMP1 M81 distinctly regulate genes involved in cell cycle (i.e., RB1), mRNA processing (i.e., NUP50), and mitochondrial biogenesis (i.e., ATF2). In conclusion, LMP1 M81 was found to distinctively regulate miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p, and the in silico analysis provided valuable clues to dissect the molecular effects of EBV LMP1 expressed in nasopharyngeal cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sajjadi-Dokht M, Merza Mohamad TA, Rahman HS, Maashi MS, Danshina S, Shomali N, Solali S, Marofi F, Zeinalzadeh E, Akbari M, Adili A, Aslaminabad R, Hagh MF, Jarahian M. MicroRNAs and JAK/STAT3 signaling: A new promising therapeutic axis in blood cancers. Genes Dis 2021; 9:849-867. [PMID: 35685482 PMCID: PMC9170603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood disorders include a wide spectrum of blood-associated malignancies resulting from inherited or acquired defects. The ineffectiveness of existing therapies against blood disorders arises from different reasons, one of which is drug resistance, so different types of leukemia may show different responses to treatment. Leukemia occurs for a variety of genetic and acquired reasons, leading to uncontrolled proliferation in one or more cell lines. Regarding the genetic defects, oncogene signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family transcription factor, especially STAT3, play an essential role in hematological disorders onset and progress upon mutations, dysfunction, or hyperactivity. Besides, microRNAs, as biological molecules, has been shown to play a dual role in either tumorigenesis and tumor suppression in various cancers. Besides, a strong association between STAT3 and miRNA has been reported. For example, miRNAs can regulate STAT3 via targeting its upstream mediators such as IL6, IL9, and JAKs or directly binding to the STAT3 gene. On the other hand, STAT3 can regulate miRNAs. In this review study, we aimed to determine the role of either microRNAs and STAT3 along with their effect on one another's activity and function in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim H, Zhao Q, Barreda H, Kaur G, Hai B, Choi JM, Jung SY, Liu F, Lee RH. Identification of Molecules Responsible for Therapeutic Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Produced from iPSC-Derived MSCs on Sjo¨gren's Syndrome. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1409-1422. [PMID: 34527418 PMCID: PMC8407887 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising alternative to MSCs for immunomodulatory therapy. However, the contents of MSC-EVs would change as their parent MSCs change, hence the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) would largely depend on donors, tissue sources and culture conditions of MSCs. To overcome limitations of tissue-derived MSCs, we previously used MSCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMSCs) to produce EVs and demonstrated their therapeutic potential in a mouse model of secondary Sjo¨gren's Syndrome. Here, we further found that EVs from early-passage iMSCs had better immunomodulatory potency than EVs from late-passage iMSCs in TLR4-stimulated splenocytes and in a mouse model of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Comparative molecular profiling using proteomics and microRNA sequencing revealed distinctive molecular profiles of iMSC-EVs with or without immunomodulation capacity. Amongst them, manipulation of TGF-β1, miR-21 and miR-125b levels in iMSC-EVs significantly affected their immunosuppressive effects. These findings would help improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying iMSC-EV-mediated immunomodulation and further provide strategies to improve regulatory function of EVs for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | - Heather Barreda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | - Bo Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sung Youn Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Fei Liu () and Dr. Ryang Hwa Lee (), Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Fei Liu () and Dr. Ryang Hwa Lee (), Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song Q, Feng S, Peng W, Li A, Ma T, Yu B, Liu HM. Cullin-RING Ligases as Promising Targets for Gastric Carcinoma Treatment. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105493. [PMID: 33600940 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma has serious morbidity and mortality, which seriously threats human health. The studies on gastrointestinal cell biology have shown that the ubiquitination modification that occurs after protein translation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. Protein ubiquitination is catalyzed by E3 ubiquitin ligase and can regulate various substrate proteins in different cellular pathways. Cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRLs) is a representative of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family, which requires cullin (CUL) neddylation modification for activation to regulate homeostasis of ~20% of cellular proteins. The substrate molecules regulated by CRLs are often involved in many cell progressions such as cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis, DNA damage and repair. Given that CRLs play an important role in modulation of biological activities, so targeting a certain CULs member neddylation may be an attractive strategy for selectively controlling the cellular proteins levels to achieve the goal of cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the roles of CULs and Ring protein in gastric carcinoma and summarize the current neddylation modulators for gastric carcinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Siqi Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjun Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Anqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao W, Liu Y, Zhang L, Ding L, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang T, Hao M. MicroRNA-154-5p regulates the HPV16 E7-pRb pathway in Cervical Carcinogenesis by targeting CUL2. J Cancer 2020; 11:5379-5389. [PMID: 32742484 PMCID: PMC7391205 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, induced by persistent HPV infection, has a high mortality rate. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin 2 (CUL2) is critical for HPV16 E7-mediated degradation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is induced during tumorigenesis; however, the association between miRNA networks and CUL2, specific to cervical cancer, remains unknown. Herein, we determined miRNA profiles in cervical cancer tissues using an Affymetrix miRNA array. We found that miR-154-5p was downregulated during cancer progression using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR in 130 biopsy specimens. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-154-5p directly targets the CUL2 3'UTR. To determine the functional consequences of modulating miR-154-5p and CUL2 levels, HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) was transfected with miR-154-5p mimic, miR-154-5p inhibitor, or CUL2 siRNA. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of transfected cells were evaluated using CCK8 cell counting kit, wound-healing assay, and Transwell invasion assay. Increased miR-154-5p expression promoted significantly reduced SiHa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas the miR-154-5p inhibitor had the opposite effect. CUL2 silencing had similar effects to those of the miR-154-5p mimic. Consistent with the inverse correlation between miR-154-5p and CUL2 levels, CUL2 silencing also increased pRb expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that miR-154-5p regulates pRb expression by targeting CUL2 3'UTR, thereby playing a tumor-suppressive role in HPV16 E7-induced cervical carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yatao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang W, Zhang XJ, Chao SY, Chen SJ, Zhang ZJ, Zhao J, Lv YN, Yao JJ, Bai YY. Update on urine as a biomarker in cancer: a necessary review of an old story. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:477-488. [PMID: 32212972 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1743687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Therefore, monitoring of health status and the early diagnosis of cancer using noninvasive assays, such as the analysis of molecular biomarkers in urine, is essential. However, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer have not been established in many types of cancer.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss recent findings with regard to the use of urine composition as a biomarker in eleven types of cancer. We also highlight the use of urine biomarkers for improving early diagnosis.Expert opinion: Urinary biomarkers have been applied for clinical application of early diagnosis. The main limitation is a lack of integrated approaches for identification of new biomarkers in most cancer. The utilization of urinary biomarker detection will be promoted by improved detection methods and new data from different types of cancers. With the development of precision medicine, urinary biomarkers will play an increasingly important clinical role. Future early diagnosis would benefit from changes in the utilization of urinary biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shen Yan Chao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Su Juan Chen
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Zi Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ya Nan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Jie Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Chen X, Tian Y, Jiang D, Song Y. Long Noncoding RNA RGMB-AS1 Acts as a microRNA-574 Sponge Thereby Enhancing the Aggressiveness of Gastric Cancer via HDAC4 Upregulation. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1691-1704. [PMID: 32158233 PMCID: PMC7047994 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The long noncoding RNA RGMB-AS1 plays an important part in the genesis and progression of multiple human cancers. Nonetheless, little is known regarding its expression, roles, and mechanisms of action in gastric cancer (GC). This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between RGMB-AS1 and GC and illustrating the mechanisms of action of RGMB-AS1 therein. Methods RGMB-AS1 expression in GC was measured via reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. A series of experiments including Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow-cytometric analysis of apoptosis, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and in vivo tumorigenesis experiment were conducted to test the effects of RGMB-AS1 on the malignant phenotype of GC cells. The molecular events behind the oncogenic actions of RGMB-AS1 in GC were elucidated through subcellular fractionation, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Results RGMB-AS1 upregulation was confirmed in GC tissues and cell lines. Higher RGMB-AS1 expression was associated with adverse clinical parameters and negatively correlated with patient overall survival. RGMB-AS1 knockdown inhibited GC cell proliferation, facilitated apoptosis, and reduced migration and invasion in vitro. Further experiments revealed that RGMB-AS1 knockdown decreased the tumor growth of GC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, RGMB-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA upregulating histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) by sponging microRNA-574 (miR-574). Rescue experiments indicated that miR-574 inhibition and HDAC4 reintroduction reversed the effects of the RGMB-AS1 knockdown on GC cells. Conclusion The RGMB-AS1–miR-574–HDAC4 regulatory network contributes to the malignancy of GC, thereby offering a novel target for the diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueli Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqiang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification of miRNA signatures in serum exosomes as a potential biomarker after radiotherapy treatment in glioma patients. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 44:151436. [PMID: 31865249 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite development in therapies, the high recurrence and low positivity of biomarkers for diagnosis still result in glioma with high mortality. In this study, we aimed to identify a potential miRNA signature to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy in glioma patients. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing was performed on miRNAs isolated from serum exosomes in a cohort of glioma patients before and after radiotherapy. A total of 18 up-regulated differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 16 down-regulated DE miRNAs were identified. Subsequently, the target genes of DE miRNAs were predicted based on multiple miRNA-target databases. Further, it was indicated that these targets were primarily involved in metabolic process, p53 signaling pathway and cancer pathways, suggesting that these miRNAs play a crucial role in glioma by regulating targets and affect the occurrence and development of the disease. In general, this study presented the variation of miRNAs in blood exosomes before and after radiotherapy. It can not only be helpful for the diagnosis of glioma, but also find new candidate biomarkers for monitoring the condition and evaluating the efficacy of radiotherapy in glioma. It provides a new idea for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of glioma.
Collapse
|
16
|
Alarcón-Millán J, Martínez-Carrillo DN, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Fernández-Tilapa G. Regulation of GKN1 expression in gastric carcinogenesis: A problem to resolve (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:555-569. [PMID: 31322194 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrokine 1 (GKN1) is a protein expressed on the surface mucosa cells of the gastric antrum and fundus, which contributes to maintaining gastric homeostasis, inhibits inflammation and is a tumor suppressor. The expression of GKN1 decreases in mucosa that are either inflamed or infected by Helicobacter pylori, and is absent in gastric cancer. The measurement of circulating GKN1 concentration, the protein itself, or the mRNA in gastric tissue may be of use for the early diagnosis of cancer. The mechanisms that modulate the deregulation or silencing of GKN1 expression have not been completely described. The modification of histones, methylation of the GKN1 promoter, or proteasomal degradation of the protein have been detected in some patients; however, these mechanisms do not completely explain the absence of GKN1 or the reduction in GKN1 levels. Only NKX6.3 transcription factor has been shown to be a positive modulator of GKN1 transcription, although others also have an affinity with sequences in the promoter of this gene. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to directly or indirectly regulate the expression of genes at the post‑transcriptional level, the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of GKN1 has not been reported. The present review analyzes the information reported on the determination of GKN1 expression and the regulation of its expression at the transcriptional, post‑transcriptional and post‑translational levels; it proposes an integrated model that incorporates the regulation of GKN1 expression via transcription factors and miRNAs in H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Alarcón-Millán
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, México
| | - Dinorah Nashely Martínez-Carrillo
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, México
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, México
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, México
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang P, Zhu J, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Sun H, Gao S. miRNA-574-3p inhibits metastasis and chemoresistance of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) by negatively regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4151-4165. [PMID: 31396325 PMCID: PMC6684900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This current study explored the role of miRNA-574-3p and the related molecular mechanisms in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS Tissues of ovarian cancer patients were applied to explore the correlation between miRNA-574-3p and EOC. The role of miRNA-574-3p in migration, invasion and chemoresistance of EOC cells was evaluated by overexpression and suppression of miRNA-574-3p in SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells. For the sake of exploring how miRNA-574-3p regulated tumor migration, invasion and chemoresistance of EOC cells, we detected several related molecular expressions and activities of signaling pathways. RESULTS Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was correlated with downregulation of miR-574-3p in EOC tissues. Overexpression of miRNA-574-3p in EOC cells led to inhibition of cell migration as well as invasion, and it significantly promoted the sensitivities of EOC cells to paclitaxel and cisplatin. Molecular experiments showed miR-574-3p inhibited activation of AKT, FAK and c-Src, as well as MMP-9 expression via targeting EGFR. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data demonstrated that miRNA-574-3p inhibits both tumor metastasis and chemoresistance in EOC via targeting EGFR. Thus, targeting miRNA-574-3p may become a potential molecular method for EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengnan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Shujun Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
- The Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Cervical Disease, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang M, Zhang R, Zhang S, Xu R, Yang Q. MicroRNA-574-3p regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition and cisplatin resistance via targeting ZEB1 in human gastric carcinoma cells. Gene 2019; 700:110-119. [PMID: 30917930 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-574-3p (miR-574-3p) has different roles in different cancer types. However, the exact regulation mechanism of miR-574-3p in gastric cancer (GC) progression remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the role of miR-574-3p in GC metastasis. We investigated the mechanism via which miR-574-3p regulated cancer cell migration and invasion to determine the relationship between epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Our results indicated that human GC cell line SGC7901 cells were more sensitive to cisplatin (DDP), but SGC7901 cisplatin-resistant cells (SGC7901/DDP) were more resistant to DDP and had mesenchymal characteristics. In addition, miR-574-3p overexpression up-regulated E-cadherin expression, and concomitantly down-regulated the expression of vimentin. We also identified zinc finger E-box binding homeobox transcription factor 1 (ZEB1), a crucial EMT inducer gene, as a new target of miR-574-3p. In fact, miR-574-3p bound the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of ZEB1, regulating expression of this transcription factor at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, miR-574-3p overexpression reduced the migratory and invasive properties of the SGC7901/DDP cells and inhibited cisplatin (DDP) resistance in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the results indicated that miR-574-3p inhibited the EMT and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in GC cells by suppressing ZEB1. These results provide further evidence for the critical roles of miR-574-3p and ZEB1 in invasion and migration regulation characteristics of GC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Renwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
MicroRNA-34 family: a potential tumor suppressor and therapeutic candidate in cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:53. [PMID: 30717802 PMCID: PMC6360685 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-34 (miR-34) has been reported to be dysregulated in various human cancers and regarded as a tumor suppressive microRNA because of its synergistic effect with the well-known tumor suppressor p53. Along with the application of MRX34, the first tumor-targeted microRNA drug which based on miR-34a mimics, on phase I clinical trial (NCT01829971), the significance of miR-34 is increasingly recognized. miR-34 plays a crucial role on repressing tumor progression by involving in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via EMT- transcription factors, p53 and some important signal pathways. Not only that, numerous preclinical researches revealed the giant potential of miR-34a on cancer therapy through diversiform nano-scaled delivery systems. Here, we provide an overview about the function of miR-34 in various cancers and the mechanism of miR-34 in tumor-associated EMT. Furthermore, its potential role as a microRNA therapeutic candidate is also discussed. Notwithstanding some obstacles existed, the extensive application prospect of miR-34 on oncotherapy cannot be neglected.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fattahi S, Golpour M, Amjadi-Moheb F, Sharifi-Pasandi M, Khodadadi P, Pilehchian-Langroudi M, Ashrafi GH, Akhavan-Niaki H. DNA methyltransferases and gastric cancer: insight into targeted therapy. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1477-1497. [PMID: 30325215 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide occupying most frequent causes of cancer-related mortality. In addition to genetic modifications, epigenetic alterations catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are a well-characterized epigenetic hallmark in gastric cancer. The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations and central role of DNA methylation in diverse biological processes provides an opportunity for using DNMT inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discussed key factors or mechanisms such as SNPs, infections and genetic modifications that trigger DNMTs level modification in gastric cancer, and their potential roles in cancer progression. Finally, we focused on how inhibitors of the DNMTs can most effectively be used for the treatment of gastric cancer with multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran.,North Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Amol, 4615885399, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sharifi-Pasandi
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Parastesh Khodadadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Gholam Hossein Ashrafi
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Cancer Theme, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Intestinal-type gastric carcinoma exhibits a multistep carcinogenic sequence from adenoma to carcinoma with a gradual increase in genomic alterations. But the roles of microRNAs (miRNA) in this multistage cascade are not fully explored. To identify differentially expressed miRNA (DEM) during early gastric carcinogenesis, we performed miRNA microarray profiling with 24 gastric cancers and precursor lesions (7 early gastric cancer [EGC], 3 adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, 4 adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, and 10 adjacent normal tissues). Alterations in the expression of 132 miRNA were detected; these were categorized into three groups based on their expression patterns. Of these, 42 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in EGC. Five miRNA (miR-26a, miR-375, miR-574-3p, miR-145, and miR-15b) showed decreased expression since adenoma. Expression of two miRNA, miR-200C and miR-29a, was down-regulated in EGCs compared to normal mucosa or adenomas. Six miRNA (miR-601, miR-107, miR-18a, miR-370, miR-300, and miR-96) showed increased expression in gastric cancer compared to normal or adenoma samples. Five representative miRNAs were further validated with RT-qPCR in independent 77 samples. Taken together, these results suggest that the dysregulated miRNA show alterations at the early stages of gastric tumorigenesis and may be used as a candidate biomarker.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang H, Zhang J, Li J, Zhao F, Shen Y, Xing X. Overexpression of miR-574-3p suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells via targeting IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4296-4302. [PMID: 30344703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the potential roles and regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miR)-574-3p in the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The expression of miR-574-3p in peripheral blood obtained from patients with CML was examined. Subsequently, miR-574-3p was overexpressed and suppressed in CML K562 cells to further investigate the effects of miR-574-3p on cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) was a target of miR-574-3p. In addition, the regulatory association between miR-574-3p and the IL-6/Janus kinase (JNK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was explored. The expression of miR-574-3p in the peripheral blood obtained from patients with CML was significantly lower compared with that in healthy controls. Overexpression of miR-574-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of K562 cells, whereas suppression of miR-574-3p exhibited opposite effects. In addition, IL-6 was identified to be a direct target of miR-574-3p. Overexpression of IL-6 significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of K562 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-574-3p inhibited the activation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which was rescued by overexpression of IL-6. The results of the current study indicate that miR-574-3p overexpression may serve an important role in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of K562 cells via suppression of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway activation. miR-574-3p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoying Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, San Er Ling Yi Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, San Er Ling Yi Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Jiuping Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, San Er Ling Yi Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, San Er Ling Yi Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Yao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, San Er Ling Yi Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, San Er Ling Yi Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mao Y, Wei F, Wei C, Wei C. microRNA‑574 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme by directly targeting zinc finger E‑box‑binding homeobox 1. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1826-1834. [PMID: 29901177 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to tumourigenesis and tumour development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Therefore, miRNAs may be promising candidates in the development of prognosis biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for patients with GBM. A number of studies have reported that miRNA‑574 (miR‑574) is aberrantly expressed in multiple types of human cancers. However, the expression pattern, biological functions and molecular mechanism of miR‑574 in GBM are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the expression level and biological functions of miR‑574 in GBM and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, miR‑574 levels were measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and were demonstrated to be significantly downregulated in human GBM tissues and cell lines. Functional experiments indicated that restored expression of miR‑574 using mimics led to the inhibition of the cell proliferation and invasion of GBM cells, as determined by Cell Counting kit‑8 and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. In addition, bioinformatics analysis predicted that zinc finger E‑box‑binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) may be a target of miR‑574. Subsequent RT‑qPCR, western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ZEB1 was a direct target of miR‑574 in GBM. Additionally, ZEB1 was demonstrated to be upregulated and inversely correlated with miR‑574 expression in clinical GBM tissues. Rescue experiments demonstrated that overexpression of ZEB1 attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR‑574 on the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Overall, the results of the present study highlighted the potential tumour inhibitory roles of miR‑574 in GBM, thereby indicating that miR‑574 may be a novel and efficient therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youyan Mao
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Fangmeng Wei
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Wei
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Chengjun Wei
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meng J, Chen S, Han JX, Qian B, Wang XR, Zhong WL, Qin Y, Zhang H, Gao WF, Lei YY, Yang W, Yang L, Zhang C, Liu HJ, Liu YR, Zhou HG, Sun T, Yang C. Twist1 Regulates Vimentin through Cul2 Circular RNA to Promote EMT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4150-4162. [PMID: 29844124 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Twist is a critical epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factor that increases expression of vimentin. How Twist1 regulates this expression remains unclear. Here, we report that Twist1 regulates Cullin2 (Cul2) circular RNA to increase expression of vimentin in EMT. Twist1 bound the Cul2 promoter to activate its transcription and to selectively promote expression of Cul2 circular RNA (circ-10720), but not mRNA. circ-10720 positively correlated with Twist1, tumor malignance, and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twist1 promoted vimentin expression by increasing levels of circ-10720, which can absorb miRNAs that target vimentin. circ-10720 knockdown counteracted the tumor-promoting activity of Twist1 in vitro and in patient-derived xenograft and diethylnitrosamine-induced TetOn-Twist1 transgenic mouse HCC models. These data unveil a mechanism by which Twist1 regulates vimentin during EMT. They also provide potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment and provide new insight for circular RNA (circRNA)-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Significance: A circRNA-based mechanism drives Twist1-mediated regulation of vimentin during EMT and provides potential therapeutic targets for treatment of HCC.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4150/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4150-62. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Xia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoxin Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Wang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wan-Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Yang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khosravi M, Azarpira N, Shamdani S, Hojjat-Assari S, Naserian S, Karimi MH. Differentiation of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells to hepatocyte cells by transfection of miR-106a, miR-574-3p, and miR-451. Gene 2018; 667:1-9. [PMID: 29763649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying the profile of micro RNAs (miRs) elucidated the highest expressed miRs in hepatic differentiation. In this study, we investigated to clarify the role of three embryonic overexpressed miRs (miR-106a, miR-574-3p and miR-451) during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). We furthermore, aimed to explore whether overexpression of any of these miRs alone is sufficient to induce the differentiation of the UC-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. UC-MSCs were transfected either alone or together with miR-106a, miR-574-3p and miR-451 and their potential hepatic differentiation and alteration in gene expression profile, morphological changes and albumin secretion ability were investigated. We found that up-regulation of any of these three miRs alone cannot induce expression of all hepatic specific genes. Transfection of each miR alone, led to Sox17, FoxA2 expression that are related to initiation step of hepatic differentiation. However, concurrent ectopic overexpression of three miRs together can induce UC-MSCs differentiation into functionally mature hepatocytes. These results show that miRs have the capability to directly convert UC-MSCs to a hepatocyte phenotype in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khosravi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institut Français de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur à l'International (IFRES-INT), Paris, France.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Shamdani
- ERL CNRS 9215, CRRET Laboratory, Créteil, France; SivanCell, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Suzzan Hojjat-Assari
- Institut Français de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur à l'International (IFRES-INT), Paris, France.
| | - Sina Naserian
- Inserm, U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France; SivanCell, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jang SM, Redon CE, Aladjem MI. Chromatin-Bound Cullin-Ring Ligases: Regulatory Roles in DNA Replication and Potential Targeting for Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:19. [PMID: 29594129 PMCID: PMC5859106 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING (Really Interesting New Gene) E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, are functional multi-subunit complexes including substrate receptors, adaptors, cullin scaffolds, and RING-box proteins. CRLs are responsible for ubiquitination of ~20% of cellular proteins and are involved in diverse biological processes including cell cycle progression, genome stability, and oncogenesis. Not surprisingly, cullins are deregulated in many diseases and instances of cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of CRL-mediated ubiquitination in the regulation of DNA replication/repair, including specific roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly of the replication machinery. The development of novel therapeutics targeting the CRLs that regulate the replication machinery and chromatin in cancer is now an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the structure and assembly of CRLs and outline their cellular functions and their diverse roles in cancer, emphasizing the regulatory functions of nuclear CRLs in modulating the DNA replication machinery. Finally, we discuss the current strategies for targeting CRLs against cancer in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piwi-interacting RNAs and PIWI genes as novel prognostic markers for breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37944-37956. [PMID: 27177224 PMCID: PMC5122362 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), whose role in germline maintenance has been established, are now also being classified as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in somatic cells. PIWI proteins, central to piRNA biogenesis, have been identified as genetic and epigenetic regulators of gene expression. piRNAs/PIWIs have emerged as potential biomarkers for cancer but their relevance to breast cancer has not been comprehensively studied. piRNAs and mRNAs were profiled from normal and breast tumor tissues using next generation sequencing and Agilent platforms, respectively. Gene targets for differentially expressed piRNAs were identified from mRNA expression dataset. piRNAs and PIWI genes were independently assessed for their prognostic significance (outcomes: Overall Survival, OS and Recurrence Free Survival, RFS). We discovered eight piRNAs as novel independent prognostic markers and their association with OS was confirmed in an external dataset (The Cancer Genome Atlas). Further, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 genes showed prognostic relevance. 306 gene targets exhibited reciprocal relationship with piRNA expression. Cancer cell pathways such as apoptosis and cell signaling were the key Gene Ontology terms associated with the regulated gene targets. Overall, we have captured the entire cascade of events in a dysregulated piRNA pathway and have identified novel markers for breast cancer prognostication.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yi Z, Gao K, Li R, Fu Y. Changed immune and miRNA response in RAW264.7 cells infected with cell wall deficient mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2885-2892. [PMID: 29436601 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall deficient (CWD) forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) confers a marked resistance to immune system of the host. However, there is limit data on the effect of intracellular CWD-Mtb infection on macrophages. In the study, effects of CWD-Mtb on cell viability, cytokine response and miRNA expression of macrophages were analyzed. Cell viability was reduced, levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were also significantly changed after infection of RAW264.7 cells with CWD-Mtb. A total of 105 miRNAs were deregulated between CWD-Mtb and wild Mtb group, and among them, miR-29b was upregulated in CWD-Mtb group. Downregulation of miR-29b resulted in significant elevation level of IFN-γ mRNA. Involved signaling pathways of potential target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs mainly focused on T cell receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Taken together, the results showed that cytokine production of CWD-Mtb infected macrophages was altered and many miRNAs were involved in regulation of macrophage response to CWD-Mtb infection, which probably determined the differential outcome following different phenotype Mtb infection. These findings open up a new and interesting avenue for an improved understanding of pathogenesis of CWD-Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong and Medical Priority Speciality of Clinical Laboratory in Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong and Medical Priority Speciality of Clinical Laboratory in Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong and Medical Priority Speciality of Clinical Laboratory in Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zou MX, Guo KM, Lv GH, Huang W, Li J, Wang XB, Jiang Y, She XL. Clinicopathologic implications of CD8 +/Foxp3 + ratio and miR-574-3p/PD-L1 axis in spinal chordoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:209-224. [PMID: 29051990 PMCID: PMC11028121 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the interactions between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in chordoma, and data discussing the role of the immune milieu in chordoma prognosis are limited. We aimed to analyze the relationship between PD-L1, miR-574-3p, microenvironmental tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and clinicopathological features of spinal chordoma patients. PD-L1 expression and TILs (including Foxp3+, CD8+, PD-1+ and PD-L1+) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tumor specimens of 54 spinal chordoma patients. MiRNAs microarray and bioinformatical analysis were used to identify miRNAs potentially regulating PD-L1 expression, which were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. miR-574-3p was identified to potentially regulate PD-L1 expression in chordoma, which inversely correlated with PD-L1. Positive PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was associated with advanced stages (P = 0.041) and TILs infiltration (P = 0.005), whereas decreased miR-574-3p level correlated with higher muscle invasion (P = 0.012), more severe tumor necrosis (P = 0.022) and poor patient survival. Importantly, a patient subgroup with PD-L1+/miR-574-3plow chordoma phenotype was significantly associated with worse local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (P = 0.026). PD-1+ TILs density was associated with surrounding muscle invasion (P = 0.014), and independently portended poor LRFS (P = 0.040), while PD-L1+ TILs showed tendencies of less aggressive clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis of OS only found CD8+/Foxp3+ ratio to be independent prognostic factor (P = 0.022). These findings may be useful to stratify patients into prognostic groups and provide a rationale for the use of checkpoint blockade therapy, possibly by administering miR-574-3p mimics, in spinal chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ke-Miao Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Guo-Hua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiao-Ling She
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang S, Sui J, Liang G. Diagnosis value of aberrantly expressed microRNA profiles in lung squamous cell carcinoma: a study based on the Cancer Genome Atlas. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4101. [PMID: 29204322 PMCID: PMC5712466 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is considered as one of the most frequent and deadly cancers with high mortality all around the world. It is critical to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer, especially lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a database which provides both cancer and clinical information. This study is a comprehensive analysis of a novel diagnostic biomarker for LUSC, based on TCGA. Methods and Results The present study investigated LUSC-specific key microRNAs (miRNAs) from large-scale samples in TCGA. According to exclusion criteria and inclusion criteria, the expression profiles of miRNAs with related clinical information of 332 LUSC patients were obtained. Most aberrantly expressed miRNAs were identified between tumor and normal samples. Forty-two LUSC-specific intersection miRNAs (fold change >2, p < 0.05) were obtained by an integrative computational method, among them six miRNAs were found to be aberrantly expressed concerning characteristics of patients (gender, lymphatic metastasis, patient outcome assessment) through Student t-test. Five miRNAs correlated with overall survival (log-rank p < 0.05) were obtained through the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model and Mantel–Haenszel test. Then, five miRNAs were randomly selected to validate the expression in 47 LUSC patient tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the test findings were consistent with the TCGA findings. Also, the diagnostic value of the specific key miRNAs was determined by areas under receiver operating characteristic curves. Finally, 577 interaction mRNAs as the targets of 42 LUSC-specific intersection miRNAs were selected for further bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion This study indicates that this novel microRNA expression signature may be a useful biomarker of the diagnosis for LUSC patients, based on bioinformatics analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yao P, Wu J, Lindner D, Fox PL. Interplay between miR-574-3p and hnRNP L regulates VEGFA mRNA translation and tumorigenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7950-7964. [PMID: 28520992 PMCID: PMC5570063 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are families of sequence-specific, posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression. Despite extensive mechanistic and functional studies on both regulatory classes, the interactions and crosstalk between them are largely unexplored. We have reported that competition between miR-297 and hnRNP L to bind a 3΄UTR-localized CA-rich element (CARE) of VEGFA mRNA regulates its translation. Here, we show that translation of VEGFA mRNA in human myeloid cells is dictated by a bi-directional interaction between miR-574-3p, a CA-rich microRNA, and hnRNP L. In normoxia, miR-574-3p, acting as a decoy, binds cytoplasmic hnRNP L and prevents its binding to the CARE and stimulation of VEGFA mRNA translation, simultaneously permitting miR-297-mediated translational silencing. However, in hypoxia, cytoplasmic accumulation of Tyr359-phosphorylated hnRNP L sequesters miR-574-3p, overcoming its decoy activity and seed sequence-dependent gene silencing activity. Ectopically expressed miR-574-3p binds multiple RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains of hnRNP L, synergizes with miR-297, reduces VEGFA mRNA translation, and triggers apoptosis, thereby suppressing tumorigenesis. Our studies establish a novel condition-dependent interplay between a miRNA and an hnRNP that regulates their functions in a bidirectional manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniel Lindner
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Balacescu O, Petrut B, Tudoran O, Feflea D, Balacescu L, Anghel A, Sirbu IO, Seclaman E, Marian C. Urinary microRNAs for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response: are we there yet? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 8. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology; The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Bogdan Petrut
- Department of Urology; The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Oana Tudoran
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology; The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Dragos Feflea
- Department of Urology; The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Loredana Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology; The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology; Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
| | - Ioan O. Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology; Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
| | - Edward Seclaman
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology; Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology; Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jafari N, Abediankenari S. MicroRNA-34 dysregulation in gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701652. [PMID: 28468587 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with a low survival rate for patients with advanced forms of the disease. Over the recent decades, the investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of tumourigenesis has opened promising avenues to understand some of the complexities of cancer treatment. However, tumour regeneration and metastasis impose great difficulty for gastric cancer cure. In recent years, cancer stem cells - a small subset of tumour cells in many cancers - have become a major focus of cancer research. Cancer stem cells are capable of self-renewal and are known to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Recent studies have revealed the key role of microRNAs - small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression - in these processes. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes in a post-transcriptional manner, though their expression is dysregulated in most malignancies, including gastric cancer. In this article, we review the consequences of aberrant expression of microRNA-34 in cancer and cancer stem cells, with a specific focus on the miR-34 dysregulation in gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cells. We address the critical effects of the aberrant expression of miR-34 and its target genes in maintaining cancer stem cell properties. Information collection and discussion about the advancements in gastric cancer stem cells and microRNAs can be useful for providing novel insights into patient treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Jafari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Targeting miRNAs by polyphenols: Novel therapeutic strategy for cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:146-157. [PMID: 28185862 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, polyphenols have gained significant attention in scientific community owing to their potential anticancer effects against a wide range of human malignancies. Epidemiological, clinical and preclinical studies have supported that daily intake of polyphenol-rich dietary fruits have a strong co-relationship in the prevention of different types of cancer. In addition to direct antioxidant mechanisms, they also regulate several therapeutically important oncogenic signaling and transcription factors. However, after the discovery of microRNA (miRNA), numerous studies have identified that polyphenols, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, resveratrol and curcumin exert their anticancer effects by regulating different miRNAs which are implicated in all the stages of cancer. MiRNAs are short, non-coding endogenous RNA, which silence the gene functions by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA) through degradation or translation repression. However, cancer associated miRNAs has emerged only in recent years to support its applications in cancer therapy. Preclinical experiments have suggested that deregulation of single miRNA is sufficient for neoplastic transformation of cells. Indeed, the widespread deregulation of several miRNA profiles of tumor and healthy tissue samples revealed the involvement of many types of miRNA in the development of numerous cancers. Hence, targeting the miRNAs using polyphenols will be a novel and promising strategy in anticancer chemotherapy. Herein, we have critically reviewed the potential applications of polyphenols on various human miRNAs, especially which are involved in oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang R, Wang M, Sui P, Ding L, Yang Q. Upregulation of microRNA-574-3p in a human gastric cancer cell line AGS by TGF-β1. Gene 2016; 605:63-69. [PMID: 28042090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate miR-574-3p expression in cells remain elusive. In the present study, we used real-time PCR assay to demonstrate TGF-β1-induced miR-574-3p upregulation in AGS cells, which was inhibited by TGF-β receptor I inhibitor SB431542. We used a computer search to identify Smad binding sites upstream of the miR-574-3p precursor sequence. We demonstrated that silencing Smad4, but not Smad2 or Smad3, significantly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced miR-574-3p upregulation in AGS cells. Furthermore, TGF-β1 significantly increased the activity of a dual-luciferase reporter that contains the Smad binding sites upstream of the miR-574 precursor sequence. Silencing Smad4 significantly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced increase in the activity of the reporter in AGS cells. ChIP assay showed that Smad4 directly bound to the promoter of miR-574-3p. MiR-574-3p inhibition was effective in eliminating the inhibition of AGS cell proliferation induced by TGF-β1, suggesting that TGF-β1 inducing upregulation of miR-574-3p is functionally significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Sui
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu H, Liu X, Zhou J, Chen X, Zhao J. miR-574-3p acts as a tumor promoter in osteosarcoma by targeting SMAD4 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5247-5253. [PMID: 28105233 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy sarcoma that affects primarily children and people <20 years old. In the present study, it was demonstrated that miR-574-3p was downregulated in human osteosarcoma U2OS, SAOS and MG63 cells lines as well as in osteosarcoma tissue compared with the normal tissues. Downregulation of miR-574-3p by antisense miR-574-3p, inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-574-3p by transfection with miR-574-3p mimics promoted the growth of U2OS cells. The present study then identified mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) as a target of miR-574-3p and SMAD4 was suppressed in miR-574-3p transfected cells. Overexpression of SMAD4 could rescue the promoting effects of miR-574-3p on cancer cell growth. In conclusion, miR-574-3p exerts tumor-promoting roles by targeting the tumor-suppressing gene SMAD4 and its downstream signaling in human osteosarcoma, which provides a novel target for the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics of Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Department of Orthopedics of Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics of Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics of Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics of Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lai X, Guo Y, Guo Z, Liu R, Wang X, Wang F. Downregulation of microRNA‑574 in cancer stem cells causes recurrence of prostate cancer via targeting REL. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3651-3656. [PMID: 27779701 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
miR‑574‑5p has been reported involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies such as colorectal and lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of REL and miR‑574 in the recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our literature search found that miR‑574 is regulated in cancer stem cells (CSCs), and next we used the microRNA (miRNA) database (www.mirdb.org) to find REL as a target of miR‑574. Luciferase assay was performed to verify the miRNA/target relationship. Oligo-transfection, real‑time PCR and western blot analysis were used to support the conclusions. We validated REL to be the direct gene via luciferase reporter assay system, and real‑time PCR and western blot analysis were also conducted to study the mRNA and protein expression level of REL between different groups (recurrence and non‑recurrence) or cells treated with scramble control, miR‑574 mimics, REL siRNA and miR‑574 inhibitors, indicating the negative regulatory relationship between miR‑574 and REL. We also investigated the relative viability of prostate CSCs when transfected with scramble control, miR‑574 mimics, REL siRNA and miR‑574 inhibitors to validate miR‑574 to be positively interfering with the viability of prostate CSCs. We then investigated the relative apoptosis of prostate CSCs when transfected with scramble control, miR‑574 mimics, REL siRNA and miR‑574 inhibitors. The results showed miR‑574 inhibited apoptosis. In conclusion, miR‑574 might be a novel prognostic and therapeutic target in the management of PCa recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Lai
- Department of Urology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Guo
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhitao Guo
- Emergency Department, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ruibao Liu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xunguo Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Krishnan P, Ghosh S, Wang B, Heyns M, Graham K, Mackey JR, Kovalchuk O, Damaraju S. Profiling of Small Nucleolar RNAs by Next Generation Sequencing: Potential New Players for Breast Cancer Prognosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162622. [PMID: 27631501 PMCID: PMC5025248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant, yet least explored, classes of RNA is the small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), which are well known for their involvement in post-transcriptional modifications of other RNAs. Although snoRNAs were only considered to perform housekeeping functions for a long time, recent studies have highlighted their importance as regulators of gene expression and as diagnostic/prognostic markers. However, the prognostic potential of these RNAs has not been interrogated for breast cancer (BC). The objective of the current study was to identify snoRNAs as prognostic markers for BC. Small RNA sequencing (Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx) was performed for 104 BC cases and 11 normal breast tissues. Partek Genomics Suite was used for analyzing the sequencing files. Two independent and proven approaches were used to identify prognostic markers: case-control (CC) and case-only (CO). For both approaches, snoRNAs significant in the permutation test, following univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were used for constructing risk scores. Risk scores were subsequently adjusted for potential confounders in a multivariate Cox model. For both approaches, thirteen snoRNAs were associated with overall survival and/or recurrence free survival. Patients belonging to the high-risk group were associated with poor outcomes, and the risk score was significant after adjusting for confounders. Validation of representative snoRNAs (SNORD46 and SNORD89) using qRT-PCR confirmed the observations from sequencing experiments. We also observed 64 snoRNAs harboring piwi-interacting RNAs and/or microRNAs that were predicted to target genes (mRNAs) involved in tumorigenesis. Our results demonstrate the potential of snoRNAs to serve (i) as novel prognostic markers for BC and (ii) as indirect regulators of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Krishnan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mieke Heyns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Mackey
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Okumura T, Kojima H, Miwa T, Sekine S, Hashimoto I, Hojo S, Nagata T, Shimada Y. The expression of microRNA 574-3p as a predictor of postoperative outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:228. [PMID: 27565418 PMCID: PMC5002115 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in radical esophagectomies and adjuvant therapy, the postoperative prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients remains poor. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular signature to predict postoperative favorable outcomes in patients with ESCC. METHODS As a training data set, total RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of surgically removed specimens from 19 ESCC patients who underwent curative esophagectomy. The expression of microRNA (miRNA) was detected using a miRNA oligo chip on which 885 genes were mounted. As a validation data set, we obtained frozen samples of surgically resected tumors from 12 independent ESCC patients and the expression of miR-574-3p was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Our microarray analysis in the training set patients identified three miRNAs (miR-574-3p, miR-106b, and miR-1303) and five miRNAs (miR-1203, miR-1909, miR-204, miR-371-3p, miR-886-3p) which were differentially expressed between the patients with (n = 14) and without (n = 5) postoperative tumor relapse (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Higher expression of miR-574-3p, which showed the most significant association with non-relapse (p = 0.001), was associated with favorable overall survival (p = 0.016). Real-time PCR experiments on the validation set patients confirmed that higher expression of miR-574-3p was associated with non-tumor relapse (p = 0.029) and better overall survival (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the aberrant expression of the miRNAs identified in this study plays key roles in the progression of ESCC. miR-574-3p was suggested to have a tumor suppressor effect, and thus, to be a predictor of postoperative outcome in patients with ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Hirohumi Kojima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takeshi Miwa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Isaya Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shozo Hojo
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takuya Nagata
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Permuth-Wey J, Chen DT, Fulp WJ, Yoder SJ, Zhang Y, Georgeades C, Husain K, Centeno BA, Magliocco AM, Coppola D, Malafa M. Plasma MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 8:826-34. [PMID: 26314797 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide, partly because methods are lacking to detect disease at an early, operable stage. Noninvasive PDAC precursors called intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) exist, and strategies are needed to aid in their proper diagnosis and management. Data support the importance of miRNAs in the progression of IPMNs to malignancy, and we hypothesized that miRNAs may be shed from IPMN tissues and detected in blood. Our primary goals were to measure the abundance of miRNAs in archived preoperative plasma from individuals with pathologically confirmed IPMNs and healthy controls and discover plasma miRNAs that distinguish between IPMN patients and controls and between "malignant" and "benign" IPMNs. Using novel nCounter technology to evaluate 800 miRNAs, we showed that a 30-miRNA signature distinguished 42 IPMN cases from 24 controls [area underneath the curve (AUC) = 74.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 62.3-86.5, P = 0.002]. The signature contained novel miRNAs and miRNAs previously implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis that had 2- to 4-fold higher expression in cases than controls. We also generated a 5-miRNA signature that discriminated between 21 malignant (high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma) and 21 benign (low- and moderate-grade dysplasia) IPMNs (AUC = 73.2; 95% CI, 57.6-73.2, P = 0.005), and showed that paired plasma and tissue samples from patients with IPMNs can have distinct miRNA expression profiles. This study suggests feasibility of using new cost-effective technology to develop a miRNA-based blood test to aid in the preoperative identification of malignant IPMNs that warrant resection while sparing individuals with benign IPMNs the morbidity associated with overtreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - William J Fulp
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sean J Yoder
- Department of Molecular Genomics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Christina Georgeades
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kazim Husain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Barbara Ann Centeno
- Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang N, Wang Q, Shen D, Sun X, Cao X, Wu D. Downregulation of microRNA-122 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2035-47. [PMID: 27103830 PMCID: PMC4827919 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s92378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-122 (miR-122) on proliferation, migration, and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by activating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways. Methods miR-122 mimics, miR-122 inhibitors, relevant control oligonucleotides, and Wnt1 were transfected into HepG2 and huh7 cell lines which were then divided into six groups: miR-122 group, anti-miR-122 group, miR-negative control (NC) group, anti-miR-NC group, miR-122 + Wnt1 group, and miR-122 + vector group. The miR-122 expressions and mRNA expressions of Wnt1 and EMT-related genes (E-cadherin, vimentin, β-cadherin, and N-cadherin) were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein expression levels of Wnt1, E-cadherin, vimentin, β-cadherin, and N-cadherin were measured by Western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. Results Dual luciferase reporter gene results showed that Wnt1 is a direct target gene of miR-122 in both HepG2 and huh7 cell lines. Compared to miR-NC, anti-miR-NC, and miR-122 + Wnt1 groups, miR-122 expression was markedly higher in the miR-122 group and miR-122 + vector group, but was sharply decreased in anti-miR-122 group (both P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein levels of Wnt1, vimentin, β-cadherin, and N-cadherin decreased significantly; also E-cadherin increased, and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion decreased in the miR-122 group and miR-122 + vector group (all P<0.05), but the situation was totally reversed in the anti-miR-122 group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Downregulation of miR-122 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of human HCC cells by targeting Wnt1 and regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway which activated the EMT pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanyao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Baldeón Rojas L, Weigelt K, de Wit H, Ozcan B, van Oudenaren A, Sempértegui F, Sijbrands E, Grosse L, van Zonneveld AJ, Drexhage HA, Leenen PJM. Study on inflammation-related genes and microRNAs, with special emphasis on the vascular repair factor HGF and miR-574-3p, in monocytes and serum of patients with T2D. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:6. [PMID: 26779287 PMCID: PMC4714426 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported signs of inflammation (raised IL-8, reduced miR-146a) and signs of vascular repair (raised HGF) in the serum of Ecuadorian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast, we found that the circulating monocytes lacked up-regulation of classical inflammatory genes (IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF) and there was even significant down-regulation of PTGS2. Notably, genes and a microRNA involved in adhesion, cell differentiation and morphology (CD9, DHRS3, PTPN7 and miR-34c-5p) were up-regulated in the T2D monocytes, suggesting a role of the anti-inflammatory cells in adhesion, vascular repair and invasion. AIM To determine the gene expression of the vascular repair factor HGF in the circulating monocytes of patients with T2D and to investigate the relationship between HGF and the expression of the other previously tested monocyte genes and the contribution to the raised serum level of HGF. In addition, we tested the level of 6 microRNAs, which were previously found abnormal in the circulating monocytes, in the serum of the patients. METHODS A gene and microRNA expression study in monocytes and serum of 64 Ecuadorian patients with T2D (37-85 years) and 44 non-diabetic controls (32-87 years). RESULTS The gene expression of HGF was significantly raised in the monocytes of the patients with T2D and associated with the expression of genes involved in adhesion, cell differentiation and morphology. HGF gene expression did not correlate with the serum level of HGF. The monocyte expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes was also not associated with the serum levels of these cytokines. The level of miR-574-3p was significantly decreased in the serum of the patients with T2D, and correlated in expression with the decreased well-established inflammation-regulating miR-146a. The level of the microRNAs in serum did not correlate with their expression level in monocytes. CONCLUSION In circulating monocytes of Ecuadorian T2D patients, the microRNA and gene expression of important inflammatory/chemotactic/motility/vascular repair factors differs from the expression in serum. While monocytes show a gene expression profile compatible with an anti-inflammatory state, serum shows a molecular profile compatible with an inflammatory state. Both compartments show molecular signs of vascular repair support, i.e. up-regulated HGF levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Baldeón Rojas
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Immunology, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karin Weigelt
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Ozcan
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grosse
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Prometeo Program SENESCYT, Central University of Ecuador and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
MicroRNA Library-Based Functional Screening Identified Androgen-Sensitive miR-216a as a Player in Bicalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1853-65. [PMID: 26506397 PMCID: PMC4626659 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major hormone-dependent tumor affecting men, and is often treated by hormone therapy at the primary stages. Despite its initial efficiency, the disease eventually acquires resistance, resulting in the recurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Recent studies suggest that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) function is one of the mechanisms underlying hormone therapy resistance. Identification of critical miRNAs involved in endocrine resistance will therefore be important for developing therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. In the present study, we performed an miRNA library screening to identify anti-androgen bicalutamide resistance-related miRNAs in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Cells were infected with a lentiviral miRNA library and subsequently maintained in media containing either bicalutamide or vehicle for a month. Microarray analysis determined the amounts of individual miRNA precursors and identified 2 retained miRNAs after one-month bicalutamide treatment. Of these, we further characterized miR-216a, because its function in prostate cancer remains unknown. miR-216a could be induced by dihydrotestosterone in LNCaP cells and ectopic expression of miR-216a inhibited bicalutamide-mediated growth suppression of LNCaP cells. Furthermore, a microarray dataset revealed that the expression levels of miR-216a were significantly higher in clinical prostate cancer than in benign samples. These results suggest that functional screening using an miRNA expression library could be useful for identifying novel miRNAs that contribute to bicalutamide resistance in prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen P, Yao GD. The role of cullin proteins in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:29-37. [PMID: 26472722 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cullin proteins are a family of scaffolding proteins that associate with RING proteins and ubiquitin E3 ligases and mediate substrate-receptor bindings. Thus, cullin proteins regulate the specificity of ubiquitin targeting in the regulation of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. There are seven cullin proteins that have been identified in eukaryotes: CUL1, CUL2, CUL3, CUL4A, CUL4B, CUL5, and CUL7/p53-associated parkin-like cytoplasmic protein. All of these proteins contain a conserved cullin homology domain that binds to RING box proteins. Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes are activated upon post-translational modification by neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated protein 8. The aberrant expression of several cullin proteins has been implicated in many cancers though the significance in gastric cancer has been less well investigated. This review provides the first systematic discussion of the associations between all members of the cullin protein family and gastric cancer. Functional and regulatory mechanisms of cullin proteins in gastric carcinoma progression are also summarized along with a discussion concerning future research areas. Accumulating evidence suggests a critical role of cullin proteins in tumorigenesis, and a better understanding of the function of these individual cullin proteins and their targets will help identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tong-Dao-Bei Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tong-Dao-Bei Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Krishnan P, Ghosh S, Wang B, Li D, Narasimhan A, Berendt R, Graham K, Mackey JR, Kovalchuk O, Damaraju S. Next generation sequencing profiling identifies miR-574-3p and miR-660-5p as potential novel prognostic markers for breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:735. [PMID: 26416693 PMCID: PMC4587870 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostication of Breast Cancer (BC) relies largely on traditional clinical factors and biomarkers such as hormone or growth factor receptors. Due to their suboptimal specificities, it is challenging to accurately identify the subset of patients who are likely to undergo recurrence and there remains a major need for markers of higher utility to guide therapeutic decisions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have shown promise as potential prognostic markers in several cancer types including BC. Results In our study, we sequenced miRNAs from 104 BC samples and 11 apparently healthy normal (reduction mammoplasty) breast tissues. We used Case–control (CC) and Case-only (CO) statistical paradigm to identify prognostic markers. Cox-proportional hazards regression model was employed and risk score analysis was performed to identify miRNA signature independent of potential confounders. Representative miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. Gene targets for prognostic miRNAs were identified using in silico predictions and in-house BC transcriptome dataset. Gene ontology terms were identified using DAVID bioinformatics v6.7. A total of 1,423 miRNAs were captured. In the CC approach, 126 miRNAs were retained with predetermined criteria for good read counts, from which 80 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Of these, four and two miRNAs were significant for Overall Survival (OS) and Recurrence Free Survival (RFS), respectively. In the CO approach, from 147 miRNAs retained after filtering, 11 and 4 miRNAs were significant for OS and RFS, respectively. In both the approaches, the risk scores were significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The miRNAs associated with OS identified in our cohort were validated using an external dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Targets for the identified miRNAs were enriched for cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Conclusions The study identified twelve non-redundant miRNAs associated with OS and/or RFS. These signatures include those that were reported by others in BC or other cancers. Importantly we report for the first time two new candidate miRNAs (miR-574-3p and miR-660-5p) as promising prognostic markers. Independent validation of signatures (for OS) using an external dataset from TCGA further strengthened the study findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1899-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Krishnan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 11560-University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Dongping Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Ashok Narasimhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 11560-University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Richard Berendt
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - John R Mackey
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 11560-University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada. .,Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nassirpour R, Homer BL, Mathur S, Li Y, Li Z, Brown T, Carraher D, Warneke J, Bailey S, Percival K, O'Neil SP, Whiteley LO. Identification of Promising Urinary MicroRNA Biomarkers in Two Rat Models of Glomerular Injury. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:35-47. [PMID: 26253709 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate protein levels posttranscriptionally. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in many cellular processes and have been implicated in several diseases. Recent studies have reported significant levels of miRNAs in a variety of body fluids, raising the possibility that miRNAs could serve as useful biomarkers. Here, changes in miRNA expression patterns are described in 2 different rodent models of glomerular injury (acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy and passive Heymann nephritis). By employing 2 different modes of glomerular insult, oxidative stress and immune-mediated toxicity, miRNA changes in both isolated glomeruli as well as urine specimens allow for identification of urinary miRNA biomarkers that are suggestive of drug-induced injury specifically to the glomerulus. Subsets of glomerular urinary miRNAs associated with these different modes of glomerular toxicity seem to be dependent on the mechanism of the induced injury, while 9 miRNAs that changed early in both glomerular and urine specimens were common to both studies. We further show that the miRNAs identified as mechanism-specific early glomerular injury biomarkers target key pathways and transcripts relevant to the type of insult, while the insult-independent changes might serve as ideal glomerular injury biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce L Homer
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | - Sachin Mathur
- Business Technology, Pfizer Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts 01810; and
| | - Yizheng Li
- Business Technology, Pfizer Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts 01810; and
| | - Zhonghan Li
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | - Tom Brown
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | | | - James Warneke
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | - Steven Bailey
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiang C, Chen X, Alattar M, Wei J, Liu H. MicroRNAs in tumorigenesis, metastasis, diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:291-301. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
48
|
Tian X, Zeng G, Li X, Wu Z, Wang L. Cantharidin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma through suppression of miR-214 and regulation of p53 and Bcl-2/Bax. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3061-8. [PMID: 25962755 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin, a type of terpenoid, is a chemical compount secreted by the blister beetle or Mylabris phelarata pallas of the Meloidae family. Cantharidin is known to have good antitumor activity. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of cantharidin and its possible underlying mechanism using tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) TCA8113 cells. TCA8113 cells were treated with various concentrations of cantharidin, and the cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using MTT and LDH assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was conducted to examine cell apoptosis and colorimetric protease assay was performed to analyze caspase-9/3 activities in TCA8113 cells. qPCR and western blot analysis were used to investigate microRNA-214 (miR-214) expression, as well as the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in TCA8113 cells. miR-214 and anti-miR-214 were transfected with mimics to examine whether miR-214 expression regulated the anticancer effect of cantharidin on TCA8113 cells and p53, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. The anticancer effect of cantharidin significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cytotoxicity of TSCC Tca8113 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, cantharidin induced cell apoptosis and activated caspase-9/3 activities of TSCC Tca8113 cells. Cantharidin markedly weakened miR-214 expression level, activated p53 protein expression, and suppressed the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway in Tca8113 cells. Downregulation of miR-214 increased p53 protein expression and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway of TSCC Tca8113 cells. However, the overexpression of miR-214 reduced the anticancer effect of cantharidin on the proliferation and apoptosis of TSCC Tca8113 cells, inhibited p53 protein expression, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. The results suggested that cantharidin is a potential anticancer drug that can be used to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of human TSCC Tca8113 cells. Additionally, its mechanism may partially be associated with the downregulation of miR-214, upregulation of p53 protein expression and suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Hospital of Chongming Air Force Field, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Zizhong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The 88th Hospital of PLA, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ujihira T, Ikeda K, Suzuki T, Yamaga R, Sato W, Horie-Inoue K, Shigekawa T, Osaki A, Saeki T, Okamoto K, Takeda S, Inoue S. MicroRNA-574-3p, identified by microRNA library-based functional screening, modulates tamoxifen response in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7641. [PMID: 25560734 PMCID: PMC4284514 DOI: 10.1038/srep07641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most primary breast cancers express estrogen receptor α and can be treated via endocrine therapy using anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen; however, acquired endocrine resistance is a critical issue. To identify tamoxifen response-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in breast cancer, MCF-7 cells infected with a lentiviral miRNA library were treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) or vehicle for 4 weeks, and the amounts of individual miRNA precursors that had integrated into the genome were evaluated by microarray. Compared to the vehicle-treated cells, 5 'dropout' miRNAs, which were downregulated in OHT-treated cells, and 6 'retained' miRNAs, which were upregulated in OHT-treated cells, were identified. Of the dropout miRNAs, we found that miR-574-3p expression was downregulated in clinical breast cancer tissues as compared with their paired adjacent tissues. In addition, anti-miR-574-3p reversed tamoxifen-mediated suppression of MCF-7 cell growth. Clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) was identified as a miR-574-3p target gene by in silico algorithms and luciferase reporter assay using the 3' untranslated region of CLTC mRNA. Interestingly, loss and gain of miR-574-3p function in MCF-7 cells causes CLTC to be upregulated and downregulated, respectively. These results suggest that functional screening mediated by miRNA libraries can provide new insights into the genes essential for tamoxifen response in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ujihira
- 1] Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Departments of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - R Yamaga
- 1] Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan [2] Departments of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan [3] Departments of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Sato
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Shigekawa
- Department of Breast Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Osaki
- Department of Breast Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Saeki
- Department of Breast Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Inoue
- 1] Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan [2] Departments of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan [3] Departments of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Expression of serum let-7c, let-7i, and let-7f microRNA with its target gene, pepsinogen C, in gastric cancer and precancerous disease. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3337-43. [PMID: 25549793 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the expression patterns of serum let-7 microRNA (miRNA) and its target gene, pepsinogen C (PGC), in gastric cancer (GC) and precancerous disease patients to evaluate their diagnostic efficiency for GC and its precursor and to investigate any correlation between the two. Serum samples were taken from 638 patients, including 214 GC patients, 222 atrophic gastritis (AG) patients, and 202 controls (CON). The expression of serum let-7 miRNA was detected in control-AG (precancerous disease) through to GC patients using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Serum PGC was determined by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. PGC expression in situ was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The luciferase reporter gene system was used to verify correlation between let-7 miRNA and its predicted target gene. The results showed that serum let-7c, let-7i, and let-7f demonstrated significant differences in the CON-AG-GC sequence (P = 0.017, P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively); let-7c was significantly lower in the AG group, and let-7i and let-7f were significantly higher in the GC group. Significantly different expressions of serum PGC were found among the three diseases, and also between AG vs. CON, and GC vs. CON (P = 0.027, P = 0.001, respectively). Linear-regression analysis suggested that serum let-7c was negatively correlated to the expression of PGC (r = -0.096, P = 0.047), and serum let-7c, let-7i, and let-7f showed no association with PGC expression in tissue. In addition, serum let-7c, let-7f, and let-7i showed significant correlations with environment factors. Serum let-7c, let-7i, and let-7f demonstrated significant differences in the CON-AG-GC disease sequence indicating that let-7 miRNA might have value by serving as potential biomarker in the diagnosis of GC or its precancerous diseases. There were significant negative correlations between serum let-7c and its target gene PGC expression.
Collapse
|