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Chuang WH, Pislyagin E, Lin LY, Menchinskaya E, Chernikov O, Kozhemyako V, Gorpenchenko T, Manzhulo I, Chaikina E, Agafonova I, Silchenko A, Avilov S, Stonik V, Tzou SC, Aminin D, Wang YM. Holothurian triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A 2-2 induces macrophages activation and polarization in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:292. [PMID: 38001420 PMCID: PMC10668486 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intensive developments of adoptive T cell and NK cell therapies, the efficacy against solid tumors remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that macrophage-based cell therapy could be a potent therapeutic option against solid tumors. METHODS To this end, we determine the effect of a natural triterpene glycoside, cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2), on the polarization of mouse macrophages into the M1 phenotype, and explore the antitumor activity of the polarized macrophage. The polarization of CA2-2-pretreated macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal imaging. The anti-cancer activity of CA2-2 macrophages was evaluated against 4T1 breast cancer cells and EAC cells in vitro and syngeneic mouse model in vivo. RESULTS Incubation of murine macrophages with CA2-2 led to polarization into the M1 phenotype, and the CA2-2-pretreated macrophages could selectively target and kill various types of cancer in vitro. Notably, loading near-infrared (NIR) fluorochrome-labeled nanoparticles, MnMEIO-mPEG-CyTE777, into macrophages substantiated that M1 macrophages can target and penetrate tumor tissues in vivo efficiently. CONCLUSION In this study, CA2-2-polarized M1 macrophages significantly attenuated tumor growth and prolonged mice survival in the syngeneic mouse models. Therefore, ex vivo CA2-2 activation of mouse macrophages can serve as a useful model for subsequent antitumor cellular immunotherapy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Chuang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS²B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Liang-Yu Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Oleg Chernikov
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Valery Kozhemyako
- Pacific State Medical University, Ostryakova Avenue, Building 2, Vladivostok, 690002, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Palchevskogo str. 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Elena Chaikina
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Irina Agafonova
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandra Silchenko
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Sergey Avilov
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Valentin Stonik
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS²B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS²B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Renda G, Gökkaya İ, Şöhretoğlu D. Immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2021; 21:537-563. [PMID: 34812259 PMCID: PMC8600492 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the main defence mechanisms of the human body. Inadequacy of this system or immunodeficiency results in increased risk of infections and tumours, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergic or autoimmune disorders. A well-balanced immune system is important for protection and for alleviation of these diseases. There is a growing interest to maintain a well-balanced immune system, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Many biological extracts, as well as natural products, have become popular due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system. Triterpenes, one of the secondary metabolite groups of medicinal plants, exhibit immunomodulatory properties by various mechanisms. Different triterpenes, including components of commonly consumed plants, can promote some protection and alleviation of disease symptoms linked with immune responses and thus enhance overall well-being. This review aims to highlight the efficacy of triterpenes in light of the available literature evidence regarding the immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. We have reviewed widely investigated immunomodulatory triterpenes; oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, pristimerin, ursolic acid, boswellic acid, celastrol, lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, ganoderic acid, cucumarioside, and astragalosides which have important immunoregulatory properties. In spite of many preclinical and clinical trials were conducted on triterpenes related to their immunoregulatory actions, current studies have several limitations. Therefore, especially more clinical studies with optimal design is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İçim Gökkaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Didem Şöhretoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara Turkey
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Pislyagin EA, Menchinskaya ES, Aminin DL, Avilov SA, Silchenko AS. Sulfated Glycosides from the Sea Cucumbers Block Ca2+ Flow in Murine Neuroblastoma Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently the ability of triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers to interact with purinergic receptors of P2X family on the membranes of immune cells enhancing the reversible ATP-dependent Ca2+ intake and therefore modulating (stimulating) the receptor's activity was discovered. As a result the activation of cellular immunity on the organism level was observed. Purinergic receptors are associated with a series of important functions in normal and pathophysiology, thus the searching of its new modulators (both stimulants and blockers) seems to be very important medical and scientific task. The cytotoxic activity of four triterpene glycosides isolated from different species of sea cucumbers: liouvilloside A (1) from Pseudocolochirus violaceus, fallaxoside D1 (2) from Cucumaria fallax and magnumosides C3 (3) and C4 (4) from Massinium (=Neothynidium) magnum against neuroblastoma Neuro 2A cells was tested. The glycosides 1 and 4 were the most cytotoxic in the series (EC50 5.0 μM and 21.5 μM, correspondingly). Moreover, non-cytotoxic concentration (1 μM) of these compounds inhibited ATP-dependent Ca2+ intake into the Neuro 2A cells, containing P2X7 receptors on the surface, by 53 and 47%, correspondingly. The ability of sea cucumbers triterpene glycosides to block the purinergic receptors in vitro is first discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Pislyagin
- Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Silchenko
- Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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Zhao YC, Xue CH, Zhang TT, Wang YM. Saponins from Sea Cucumber and Their Biological Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7222-7237. [PMID: 29932674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers, belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, have been valued for centuries as a nutritious and functional food with various bioactivities. Sea cucumbers can produce highly active substances, notably saponins, the main secondary metabolites, which are the basis of their chemical defense. The saponins are mostly triterpene glycosides with triterpenes or steroid in aglycone, which possess multiple biological properties including antitumor, hypolipidemic activity, improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver, inhibition of fat accumulation, antihyperuricemia, promotion of bone marrow hematopoiesis, antihypertension, etc. Sea cucumber saponins have received attention due to their rich sources, low toxicity, high efficiency, and few side effects. This review summarizes current research on the structure and activities of sea cucumber saponins based on the physiological and pharmacological activities from source, experimental models, efficacy, and mechanisms, which may provide a valuable reference for the development of sea cucumber saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266003 , Shandong China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266003 , Shandong China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266003 , Shandong China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266003 , Shandong China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products , Qingdao 266237 , China
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Pislyagin EA, Manzhulo IV, Gorpenchenko TY, Dmitrenok PS, Avilov SA, Silchenko AS, Wang YM, Aminin DL. Cucumarioside A₂-2 Causes Macrophage Activation in Mouse Spleen. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110341. [PMID: 29104230 PMCID: PMC5706031 DOI: 10.3390/md15110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2), isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica, was compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mouse spleen. It has been shown that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) glycoside administration leads to increased spleen macrophage activating markers iba-1, IL-1β, iNOs, ROS and NO formation, with additional change of macrophage phenotype to M1. The mass spectrometry profiles of peptide/protein were obtained using MALDI-TOF-MS on the different parts of spleen sections isolated by laser mircodissection techniques. It was found that i.p. stimulation of animals with CA2-2 leads to marked changes in the intensity of the characteristic peaks of spleen peptides/proteins, primarily in red pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Igor V Manzhulo
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan.
| | - Dmitry L Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
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6
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Aminin D, Pislyagin E, Astashev M, Es'kov A, Kozhemyako V, Avilov S, Zelepuga E, Yurchenko E, Kaluzhskiy L, Kozlovskaya E, Ivanov A, Stonik V. Glycosides from edible sea cucumbers stimulate macrophages via purinergic receptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39683. [PMID: 28004778 PMCID: PMC5177912 DOI: 10.1038/srep39683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, edible sea cucumbers have been considered a jewel of the seabed and used in Asian folk medicine for stimulation of resistance against different diseases. However, the power of this sea food has not been established on a molecular level. A particular group of triterpene glycosides was found to be characteristic metabolites of the animals, responsible for this biological action. Using one of them, cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2) from the edible Cucumaria japonica species as an example as well as inhibitory analysis, patch-clamp on single macrophages, small interfering RNA technique, immunoblotting, SPR analysis, computer modeling and other methods, we demonstrate low doses of CA2-2 specifically to interact with P2X receptors (predominantly P2X4) on membranes of mature macrophages, enhancing the reversible ATP-dependent Ca2+ intake and recovering Ca2+ transport at inactivation of these receptors. As result, interaction of glycosides of this type with P2X receptors leads to activation of cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Maxim Astashev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Andrey Es'kov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Valery Kozhemyako
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Sergei Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Elena Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | | | - Emma Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Valentin Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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Fedorov SN, Dyshlovoy SA, Kuzmich AS, Shubina LK, Avilov SA, Silchenko AS, Bode AM, Dong Z, Stonik VA. In vitroAnticancer Activities of Some Triterpene Glycosides from Holothurians of Cucumariidae, Stichopodidae, Psolidae, Holothuriidae and Synaptidae families. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpene glycosides isolated from holothurians are natural products known to possess cytotoxic properties against cancer cells. However, their anticancer prophylactic activity has not been studied sufficiently. The anticancer prophylactic, cytotoxic, and pro-apoptotic properties of 18 triterpene glycosides, as well as their effects on the transcriptional activities of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), were examined using methods that included EGF-induced JB6 Cl41 P+ cell transforation in soft agar, flow cytometry, MTS assessment of cell viability, and a luciferase activity assay. The compounds inhibited EGF-induced neoplastic JB6 Cl41 P+ cell transforation in soft agar and caused apoptosis and necrosis of human HL-60 and THP-1 leukemia cells. AP-1 and NF-κB were involved in the cellular response to the treatment by the compounds. Conclusion: glycosides isolated from holothurians of Cucumariidae, Stichopodidae, Psolidae, Holothuriidae and Synaptidae families have potential for development as new antitumor agents and as instruments to study AP-1 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N. Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra S. Kuzmich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa K. Shubina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue N.E., Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue N.E., Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Bahrami Y, Franco CMM. Acetylated Triterpene Glycosides and Their Biological Activity from Holothuroidea Reported in the Past Six Decades. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E147. [PMID: 27527190 PMCID: PMC4999908 DOI: 10.3390/md14080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers have been valued for many centuries as a tonic and functional food, dietary delicacies and important ingredients of traditional medicine in many Asian countries. An assortment of bioactive compounds has been described in sea cucumbers. The most important and abundant secondary metabolites from sea cucumbers are triterpene glycosides (saponins). Due to the wide range of their potential biological activities, these natural compounds have gained attention and this has led to their emergence as high value compounds with extended application in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, medicinal and pharmaceutical products. They are characterized by bearing a wide spectrum of structures, such as sulfated, non-sulfated and acetylated glycosides. Over 700 triterpene glycosides have been reported from the Holothuroidea in which more than 145 are decorated with an acetoxy group having 38 different aglycones. The majority of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides are of the holostane type containing a C18 (20) lactone group and either Δ(7(8)) or Δ(9(11)) double bond in their genins. The acetoxy group is mainly connected to the C-16, C-22, C-23 and/or C-25 of their aglycone. Apparently, the presence of an acetoxy group, particularly at C-16 of the aglycone, plays a significant role in the bioactivity; including induction of caspase, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial activities of these compounds. This manuscript highlights the structure of acetylated saponins, their biological activity, and their structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Bahrami
- Medical Biotechnology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.
| | - Christopher M M Franco
- Medical Biotechnology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
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Pislyagin E, Manzhulo I, Dmitrenok P, Aminin D. Cucumarioside A2-2 causes changes in the morphology and proliferative activity in mouse spleen. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:387-92. [PMID: 27079859 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2), isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica, on the mouse spleen was investigated in comparison with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It has been shown that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) glycoside administration did not influence on splenic weights, while the statistically significant increase in splenic weight was observed after LPS administration. Changes in the ratio of red to white pulp after CA2-2 or LPS administration were observed. The proportion of splenic white pulp after glycoside or LPS administration increased by up to 34% and 36%, respectively. A detailed study of the distribution of the РСNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) marker showed that the proliferative activity in the white pulp under CA2-2 and LPS influence increased 2.07 and 2.24 times, respectively. The localization of PCNA-positive nuclei in the white pulp region, as well as their dimensional characteristics, suggests that a large proportion of the proliferating cell population consisted of B cells. The mass spectrometry profiles of spleen peptide/protein homogenate were obtained using the MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix -Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) approach. It was found that i.p. stimulation of animals with CA2-2 or LPS leads to marked changes in the intensity of revealed characteristic peaks of peptides/proteins after exposure to immunostimulants.
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Honey-Escandón M, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Solís-Marín FA, Samyn Y. Biological and taxonomic perspective of triterpenoid glycosides of sea cucumbers of the family Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 180:16-39. [PMID: 25263252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of saponins in sea cucumbers, more than 150 triterpene glycosides have been described for the class Holothuroidea. The family Holothuriidae has been increasingly studied in search for these compounds. With many species awaiting recognition and formal description this family currently consists of five genera and the systematics at the species-level taxonomy is, however, not yet fully understood. We provide a bibliographic review of the triterpene glycosides that has been reported within the Holothuriidae and analyzed the relationship of certain compounds with the presence of Cuvierian tubules. We found 40 species belonging to four genera and 121 compounds. Holothurin A and B are the most common saponins for Actinopyga, Holothuria, and Pearsonothuria. The genus Bohadschia presents mainly bivittoside C and D. Actinopyga has only sulfated saponins mainly oxidized, Bohadschia non-sulfated ones mainly non-oxidized, Holothuria and Pearsonothuria contain both types of compounds, mainly oxidized. Within the genus Holothuria, the subgenus Panningothuria only has non-sulfated saponins. The presence of sulfated and non-sulfated compounds seemingly relates to the expellability or the absence of Cuvierian tubules and the temporal or permanent concealing habits of the species. Our study concludes that better insights into the systematic distribution of saponins in Holothuriidae will only be possible if the identifications of the investigated species are confirmed by a taxonomist, especially in this group wherein cryptic species and variation between life-history stages are common and yet poorly understood. Understanding of saponin distribution within the Holothuriidae would also benefit from a stabilization of triterpene glycoside nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Honey-Escandón
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico.
| | - Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín
- Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-350, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Yves Samyn
- Scientific Service of Heritage, Invertebrates Collections, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Park JI, Bae HR, Kim CG, Stonik VA, Kwak JY. Relationships between chemical structures and functions of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers. Front Chem 2014; 2:77. [PMID: 25250309 PMCID: PMC4159031 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine triterpene glycosides have in vitro and in vivo activities with very low toxicity, suggesting that they are suitable agents for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of natural marine compounds in cancer, immune, and other various cells are not fully known. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of marine triterpene glycosides and how these affect their biological activities and molecular mechanisms. In particular, the membranotropic and membranolytic activities of frondoside A and cucumariosides from sea cucumbers and their ability to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis have been discussed, with a focus on structure-activity relationships. In addition, the structural characteristics and antitumor effects of stichoposide C and stichoposide D have been reviewed along with underlying their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Rahn Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Chang Gun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- The Laboratory of Chemistry of Marine Natural Products, G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of ScienceVladivostok, Russia
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
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Aminin DL, Pislyagin EA, Menchinskaya ES, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI. Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activity of Sea Cucumber Triterpene Glycosides. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Menchinskaya ES, Aminin DL, Avilov SA, Silchenko AS, Andryjashchenko PV, Kalinin VI, Stonik VA. Inhibition of Tumor Cells Multidrug Resistance by Cucumarioside A 2-2, Frondoside A and their Complexes with Cholesterol. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-cytotoxic concentrations, frondoside A (1) from the sea cucumber Cucumaria okhotensis and cucumarioside A2-2 (2) from C. japonica, as well as their complexes with cholesterol block the activity of membrane transport P-glycoprotein in cells of the ascite form of mouse Ehrlich carcinoma. They prevent in this way an efflux of fluorescent probe Calcein from the cells. Since the blocking of P-glycoprotein activity results in decrease of multidrug resistance, these glycosides and their complexes with cholesterol may be considered as potential inhibitors of multidrug resistance of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Pelageya V. Andryjashchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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