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Su CH, Ko LW, Jung TP, Onton J, Tzou SC, Juang JC, Hsu CY. Extracting Stress-Related EEG Patterns From Pre-Sleep EEG for Forecasting Slow-Wave Sleep Deficiency. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:1817-1827. [PMID: 38683718 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3394471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is vital to our daily activity. Lack of proper sleep can impair functionality and overall health. While stress is known for its detrimental impact on sleep quality, the precise effect of pre-sleep stress on subsequent sleep structure remains unknown. This study introduced a novel approach to study the pre-sleep stress effect on sleep structure, specifically slow-wave sleep (SWS) deficiency. To achieve this, we selected forehead resting EEG immediately before and upon sleep onset to extract stress-related neurological markers through power spectra and entropy analysis. These markers include beta/delta correlation, alpha asymmetry, fuzzy entropy (FuzzEn) and spectral entropy (SpEn). Fifteen subjects were included in this study. Our results showed that subjects lacking SWS often exhibited signs of stress in EEG, such as an increased beta/delta correlation, higher alpha asymmetry, and increased FuzzEn in frontal EEG. Conversely, individuals with ample SWS displayed a weak beta/delta correlation and reduced FuzzEn. Finally, we employed several supervised learning models and found that the selected neurological markers can predict subsequent SWS deficiency. Our investigation demonstrated that the classifiers could effectively predict varying levels of slow-wave sleep (SWS) from pre-sleep EEG segments, achieving a mean balanced accuracy surpassing 0.75. The SMOTE-Tomek resampling method could improve the performance to 0.77. This study suggests that stress-related neurological markers derived from pre-sleep EEG can effectively predict SWS deficiency. Such information can be integrated with existing sleep-improving techniques to provide a personalized sleep forecasting and improvement solution.
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Lin JW, Fan ZC, Tzou SC, Wang LJ, Ko LW. Temporal Alpha Dissimilarity of ADHD Brain Network in Comparison With CPT and CATA. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:1333-1343. [PMID: 38289841 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3360137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurological and psychiatric disorder that affects children during their development. To find neural patterns for ADHD and provide subjective features as decision references to assist specialists and physicians. Many studies have been devoted to investigating the neural dynamics of the brain through resting-state or continuous performance tests (CPT) with EEG or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The present study used coherence, which is one of the functional connectivity (FC) methods, to analyze the neural patterns of children and adolescents (8-16 years old) under CPT and continuous auditory test of attention (CATA) task. In the meantime, electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations were recorded by a wireless brain-computer interface (BCI). 72 children were enrolled, of which 53 participants were diagnosed with ADHD and 19 presented to be typical developing (TD). The experimental results exhibited a higher difference in alpha and theta bands between the TD group and the ADHD group. While the differences between the TD group and the ADHD group in all four frequency domains were greater than under CPT conditions. Statistically significant differences ( [Formula: see text]) were observed between the ADHD and TD groups in the alpha rhythm during the CATA task in the short-range of coherence. For the temporal lobe FC during the CATA task, the TD group exhibited statistically significantly FC ( [Formula: see text]) in the alpha rhythm compared to the ADHD group. These findings offering new possibilities for more techniques and diagnostic methods in finding more ADHD features. The differences in alpha and beta frequencies were more pronounced in the ADHD group during the CPT task compared to the CATA task. Additionally, the disparities in brain activity were more evident across delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency domains when the task given was a CATA as opposed to a CPT. The findings presented the underlying mechanisms of the FC differences between children and adolescents with ADHD. Moreover, these findings should extend to use machine learning approaches to assist the ADHD classification and diagnosis.
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Chuang WH, Pislyagin E, Lin LY, Menchinskaya E, Chernikov O, Kozhemyako V, Gorpenchenko T, Manzhulo I, Chaikina E, Agafonova I, Silchenko A, Avilov S, Stonik V, Tzou SC, Aminin D, Wang YM. Holothurian triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A 2-2 induces macrophages activation and polarization in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:292. [PMID: 38001420 PMCID: PMC10668486 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intensive developments of adoptive T cell and NK cell therapies, the efficacy against solid tumors remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that macrophage-based cell therapy could be a potent therapeutic option against solid tumors. METHODS To this end, we determine the effect of a natural triterpene glycoside, cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2), on the polarization of mouse macrophages into the M1 phenotype, and explore the antitumor activity of the polarized macrophage. The polarization of CA2-2-pretreated macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal imaging. The anti-cancer activity of CA2-2 macrophages was evaluated against 4T1 breast cancer cells and EAC cells in vitro and syngeneic mouse model in vivo. RESULTS Incubation of murine macrophages with CA2-2 led to polarization into the M1 phenotype, and the CA2-2-pretreated macrophages could selectively target and kill various types of cancer in vitro. Notably, loading near-infrared (NIR) fluorochrome-labeled nanoparticles, MnMEIO-mPEG-CyTE777, into macrophages substantiated that M1 macrophages can target and penetrate tumor tissues in vivo efficiently. CONCLUSION In this study, CA2-2-polarized M1 macrophages significantly attenuated tumor growth and prolonged mice survival in the syngeneic mouse models. Therefore, ex vivo CA2-2 activation of mouse macrophages can serve as a useful model for subsequent antitumor cellular immunotherapy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Chuang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS²B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Evgeny Pislyagin
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Liang-Yu Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ekaterina Menchinskaya
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Oleg Chernikov
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Valery Kozhemyako
- Pacific State Medical University, Ostryakova Avenue, Building 2, Vladivostok, 690002, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Palchevskogo str. 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Elena Chaikina
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Irina Agafonova
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandra Silchenko
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Sergey Avilov
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Valentin Stonik
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS²B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Dmitry Aminin
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS²B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Chou CY, Li ZQ, Huang HC, Hung CH, Weng SL, Tzou SC. Development of an Albumin-Masked mutPD-1Ig as a Tumor Lesion-Selective Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor. ACS Omega 2023; 8:40911-40920. [PMID: 37929112 PMCID: PMC10621011 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor effects elicited by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatments. However, severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) resulting from these treatments have restricted the application of ICIs. To overcome the adverse events, we developed a tumor lesion-selective pro-PD-1Ig that is activated by proteases overexpressed in tumors. We genetically linked albumin to the N-terminus of a modified PD-1Ig (termed mutPD-1Ig hereafter) via an MMP substrate sequence to form Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig. We demonstrate that the binding activity of nondigested Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig is approximately 11-folds lower than mutPD-1Ig. However, digestion by type IV collagenase restored the binding activity of Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig to a level comparable to that of native mutPD-1Ig. In order to enhance the masking efficiency of Alb-mutPD-1Ig, we simulated the effects of diverse MMP substrate linkers for connecting albumin and PD-1 at various starting positions by bioinformatics tools. Our validation experiments indicate Alb-hinge-mutPD-1Ig displayed the best masking efficiency among all simulated constructs. Our study suggests that albumin may be best applicable to mask a target protein whose binding motif is centralized and in the proximity of the N-terminus of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Chou
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Zhi-Qin Li
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Huang
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Chung-Heng Hung
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department
of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 207, Taiwan, Republic
Of China
- MacKay
Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and
Management, Taipei City 100-116, Taiwan, Republic Of China
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay
Memorial Hospital, 690
Section 2, Guan-Fu Road, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan, Republic Of China
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan, Republic Of China
- Drug Development
and Value Creation Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung 800-852, Taiwan, Republic Of China
- Center
for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan, Republic
Of China
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Lin YW, Lin TT, Chen CH, Wang RH, Lin YH, Tseng TY, Zhuang YJ, Tang SY, Lin YC, Pang JY, Chakravarthy RD, Lin HC, Tzou SC, Chao JI. Enhancing Efficacy of Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel for Human Lung and Colorectal Cancers through Autophagy Receptor Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62-Mediated Nanodrug Delivery and Cancer therapy. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19033-19051. [PMID: 37737568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a defense mechanism by which foreign pathogens and abnormal substances are processed to maintain cellular homeostasis. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62, a vital selective autophagy receptor, recruits ubiquitinated cargo to form autophagosomes for lysosomal degradation. Nab-PTX is an albumin-bound paclitaxel nanoparticle used in clinical cancer therapy. However, the role of SQSTM1 in regulating the delivery and efficacy of nanodrugs remains unclear. Here we showed that SQSTM1 plays a crucial role in Nab-PTX drug delivery and efficacy in human lung and colorectal cancers. Nab-PTX induces SQSTM1 phosphorylation at Ser403, which facilitates its incorporation into the selective autophagy of nanoparticles, known as nanoparticulophagy. Nab-PTX increased LC3-II protein expression, which triggered autophagosome formation. SQSTM1 enhanced Nab-PTX recognition to form autophagosomes, which were delivered to lysosomes for albumin degradation, thereby releasing PTX to induce mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. Knockout of SQSTM1 downregulated Nab-PTX-induced mitotic catastrophe, apoptosis, and tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo and inhibited Nab-PTX-induced caspase 3 activation via a p53-independent pathway. Ectopic expression of SQSTM1 by transfection of an SQSTM1-GFP vector restored the drug efficacy of Nab-PTX. Importantly, SQSTM1 is highly expressed in advanced lung and colorectal tumors and is associated with poor overall survival in clinical patients. Targeting SQSTM1 may provide an important strategy to improve nanodrug efficacy in clinical cancer therapy. This study demonstrates the enhanced efficacy of Nab-PTX for human lung and colorectal cancers via SQSTM1-mediated nanodrug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Hsin Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yen Tseng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Zhuang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yueh Tang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yu Pang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Rajan Deepan Chakravarthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
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Amer TAM, Palanisamy S, So PB, Vijayaraghavan P, Tzou SC, Lu TT, Lin CH, Wang YM. Sustained Releasable Copper and Zinc Biogenic Ions Co-Assembled in Metal-Organic Frameworks Reinforced Bacterial Eradication and Wound Mitigation in Diabetic Mice. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1688-1703. [PMID: 37552618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The employment of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanomaterials has been rapidly increasing in bioapplications owing to their biocompatibility, drug degradation, tunable porosity, and intrinsic biodegradability. This evidence suggests that the multifunctional bimetallic ions can behave as remarkable candidates for infection control and wound healing. In this study, bimetallic MOFs (Zn-HKUST-1 and FolA-Zn-HKUST-1) embedded with and without folic acid were synthesized and used for tissue sealing and repairing incisional wound sites in mice models. For comparison, HKUST-1 and FolA-HKUST-1 were also synthesized. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measured for HKUST-1, FolA-HKUST-1, Zn-HKUST-1, and FolA-Zn-HKUST-1 from N2 isotherms was found to be 1868, 1392, 1706, and 1179 m2/g, respectively. The measurements of contact angle values for Zn-HKUST-1, FolA-HKUST-1, and Zn-FolA-HKUST-1 were identified as 4.95 ± 0.8, 43.6 ± 3.4, and 60.62 ± 2.0°, respectively. For topical application in wound healing, they display a wide range of healing characteristics, including antibacterial and enhanced wound healing rates. In addition, in vitro cell migration and tubulogenic potentials were evaluated. The significant reduction in the wound gap and increased expression levels for CD31, eNOS, VEGF-A, and Ki67 were observed from immunohistological analyses to predict the angiogenesis behavior at the incision wound site. The wound healing rate was analyzed in the excisional dermal wounds of diabetic mice model in vivo. On account of antibacterial potentials and tissue-repairing characteristics of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, designing an innovative mixed metal ion-based biomaterial has wide applicability and is expected to modulate the growth of various gradient tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Abdelkareem Mostafa Amer
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Sathyadevi Palanisamy
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Pamela Berilyn So
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 116059, Taiwan
| | - Priya Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 116059, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Chen YJ, Chen M, Cheng TL, Tsai YS, Wang CH, Chen CY, Wu TY, Tzou SC, Wang KH, Cheng JJ, Kao AP, Lin SY, Chuang KH. A non-genetic engineering platform for rapidly generating and expanding cancer-specific armed T cells. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:35. [PMID: 37259079 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-specific adoptive T cell therapy has achieved successful milestones in multiple clinical treatments. However, the commercial production of cancer-specific T cells is often hampered by laborious cell culture procedures, the concern of retrovirus-based gene transfection, or insufficient T cell purity. METHODS In this study, we developed a non-genetic engineering technology for rapidly manufacturing a large amount of cancer-specific T cells by utilizing a unique anti-cancer/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) to directly culture human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The anti-CD3 moiety of the BsAb bound to the T cell surface and stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of T cells in PBMCs. The anti-cancer moiety of the BsAb provided these BsAb-armed T cells with the cancer-targeting ability, which transformed the naïve T cells into cancer-specific BsAb-armed T cells. RESULTS With this technology, a large amount of cancer-specific BsAb-armed T cells can be rapidly generated with a purity of over 90% in 7 days. These BsAb-armed T cells efficiently accumulated at the tumor site both in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxins (perforin and granzyme) and cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) were dramatically released from the BsAb-armed T cells after engaging cancer cells, resulting in a remarkable anti-cancer efficacy. Notably, the BsAb-armed T cells did not cause obvious cytokine release syndrome or tissue toxicity in SCID mice bearing human tumors. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the BsAb-armed T cell technology represents a simple, time-saving, and highly safe method to generate highly pure cancer-specific effector T cells, thereby providing an affordable T cell immunotherapy to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yun Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. Program of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sun SP, Phang CR, Tzou SC, Chen CM, Ko LW. Integration of MRI and somatosensory evoked potentials facilitate diagnosis of spinal cord compression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7861. [PMID: 37188786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to integrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and related somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) features to assist in the diagnosis of spinal cord compression (SCC). MRI scans were graded from 0 to 3 according to the changes in the subarachnoid space and scan signals to confirm differences in SCC levels. The amplitude, latency, and time-frequency analysis (TFA) power of preoperative SSEP features were extracted and the changes were used as standard judgments to detect neurological function changes. Then the patient distribution was quantified according to the SSEP feature changes under the same and different MRI compression grades. Significant differences were found in the amplitude and TFA power between MRI grades. We estimated three degrees of amplitude anomalies and power loss under each MRI grade and found the presence or absence of power loss occurs after abnormal changes in amplitude only. For SCC, few integrated approach combines the advantages of both MRI and evoked potentials. However, integrating the amplitude and TFA power changes of SSEP features with MRI grading can help in the diagnosis and speculate progression of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Pin Sun
- International Ph.D. Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience (UST), College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 734, Engineering Bldg. 5, 1001 Daxue Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ren Phang
- International Ph.D. Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience (UST), College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 734, Engineering Bldg. 5, 1001 Daxue Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, and the Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Mu Chen
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Li-Wei Ko
- International Ph.D. Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience (UST), College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 734, Engineering Bldg. 5, 1001 Daxue Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, and the Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
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9
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Jiang FY, Zhang YZ, Tai YH, Chou CY, Hsieh YC, Chang YC, Huang HC, Li ZQ, Hsieh YC, Chen IJ, Huang BC, Su YC, Lin WW, Lin HC, Chao JI, Yuan SSF, Wang YM, Cheng TL, Tzou SC. A lesion-selective albumin-CTLA4Ig as a safe and effective treatment for collagen-induced arthritis. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:13. [PMID: 36797799 PMCID: PMC9933273 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CTLA4Ig is a dimeric fusion protein of the extracellular domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4) and an Fc (Ig) fragment of human IgG1 that is approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis. However, CTLA4Ig may induce adverse effects. Developing a lesion-selective variant of CTLA4Ig may improve safety while maintaining the efficacy of the treatment. METHODS We linked albumin to the N-terminus of CTLA4Ig (termed Alb-CTLA4Ig) via a substrate sequence of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). The binding activities and the biological activities of Alb-CTLA4Ig before and after MMP digestion were analyzed by a cell-based ELISA and an in vitro Jurkat T cell activation assay. The efficacy and safety of Alb-CTLA4Ig in treating joint inflammation were tested in mouse collagen-induced arthritis. RESULTS Alb-CTLA4Ig is stable and inactive under physiological conditions but can be fully activated by MMPs. The binding activity of nondigested Alb-CTLA4Ig was at least 10,000-fold weaker than that of MMP-digested Alb-CTLA4Ig. Nondigested Alb-CTLA4Ig was unable to inhibit Jurkat T cell activation, whereas MMP-digested Alb-CTLA4Ig was as potent as conventional CTLA4Ig in inhibiting the T cells. Alb-CTLA4Ig was converted to CTLA4Ig in the inflamed joints to treat mouse collagen-induced arthritis, showing similar efficacy to that of conventional CTLA4Ig. In contrast to conventional CTLA4Ig, Alb-CTLA4Ig did not inhibit the antimicrobial responses in the spleens of the treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that Alb-CTLA4Ig can be activated by MMPs to suppress tissue inflammation in situ. Thus, Alb-CTLA4Ig is a safe and effective treatment for collagen-induced arthritis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yao Jiang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zhu Zhang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tai
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Yu Chou
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ching Hsieh
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Chi Chang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Huang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qin Li
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Ju Chen
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Cheng Huang
- grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Laboratory Medicine, Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-I Chao
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
- grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, and Faculty and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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10
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Chen YT, Chang YH, Pathak N, Tzou SC, Luo YC, Hsu YC, Li TN, Lee JY, Chen YC, Huang YW, Yang HJ, Hsu NY, Tsai HP, Chang TY, Hsu SC, Liu PC, Chin YF, Lin WC, Yang CM, Wu HL, Lee CY, Hsu HL, Liu YC, Chu JW, Wang LHC, Wang JY, Huang CH, Lin CH, Hsieh PS, Wu Lee YH, Hung YJ, Yang JM. Methotrexate inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry, infection and inflammation revealed by bioinformatics approach and a hamster model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1080897. [PMID: 36618412 PMCID: PMC9811668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug repurposing is a fast and effective way to develop drugs for an emerging disease such as COVID-19. The main challenges of effective drug repurposing are the discoveries of the right therapeutic targets and the right drugs for combating the disease. Methods Here, we present a systematic repurposing approach, combining Homopharma and hierarchal systems biology networks (HiSBiN), to predict 327 therapeutic targets and 21,233 drug-target interactions of 1,592 FDA drugs for COVID-19. Among these multi-target drugs, eight candidates (along with pimozide and valsartan) were tested and methotrexate was identified to affect 14 therapeutic targets suppressing SARS-CoV-2 entry, viral replication, and COVID-19 pathologies. Through the use of in vitro (EC50 = 0.4 μM) and in vivo models, we show that methotrexate is able to inhibit COVID-19 via multiple mechanisms. Results Our in vitro studies illustrate that methotrexate can suppress SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication by targeting furin and DHFR of the host, respectively. Additionally, methotrexate inhibits all four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In a Syrian hamster model for COVID-19, methotrexate reduced virus replication, inflammation in the infected lungs. By analysis of transcriptomic analysis of collected samples from hamster lung, we uncovered that neutrophil infiltration and the pathways of innate immune response, adaptive immune response and thrombosis are modulated in the treated animals. Conclusions We demonstrate that this systematic repurposing approach is potentially useful to identify pharmaceutical targets, multi-target drugs and regulated pathways for a complex disease. Our findings indicate that methotrexate is established as a promising drug against SARS-CoV-2 variants and can be used to treat lung damage and inflammation in COVID-19, warranting future evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ti Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nikhil Pathak
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yu Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cyun Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nung-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Tsai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tein-Yao Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Fan Chin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mi Yang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Wu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Chu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hwa Wu Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yi-Jen Hung, ; Jinn-Moon Yang,
| | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yi-Jen Hung, ; Jinn-Moon Yang,
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11
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Vadhan A, Yang YF, Wang YM, Chen PY, Tzou SC, Cheng KH, Hu SCS, Cheng TL, Wang YY, Yuan SSF. Fumarate hydratase inhibits non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via inactivation of AMPK and upregulation of DAB2. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:42. [PMID: 36589668 PMCID: PMC9773317 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. As it is often first diagnosed only when cancer metastasis has already occurred, the development of effective biomarkers for the risk prediction of cancer metastasis, followed by stringent monitoring and the early treatment of high-risk patients, is essential for improving patient survival. Cancer cells exhibit alterations in metabolic pathways that enable them to maintain rapid growth and proliferation, which are quite different from the metabolic pathways of normal cells. Fumarate hydratase (FH, fumarase) is a well-known tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of fumarate to malate. The current study sought to investigate the relationship between FH expression levels and the outcome of patients with lung cancer. FH was knocked down in lung cancer cells using shRNA or overexpressed using a vector, and the effect on migration ability was assessed. Furthermore, the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and disabled homolog 2 in the underlying mechanism was investigated using an AMPK inhibitor approach. The results showed that in lung cancer tissues, low FH expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor histology and recurrence. In addition, patients with low FH expression exhibited a poor overall survival in comparison with patients having high FH expression. When FH was overexpressed in lung cancer cells, cell migration was reduced with no effect on cell proliferation. Furthermore, the level of phosphorylated (p-)AMPK, an energy sensor molecule, was upregulated when FH was knocked down in lung cancer cells, and the inhibition of p-AMPK led to an increase in the expression of disabled homolog 2, a tumor suppressor protein. These findings suggest that FH may serve as an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of lung cancer and as a therapeutic mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Vadhan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pang-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biomedical and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Dr Yen-Yun Wang, School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
| | - Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Dr Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
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12
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Huang HC, Chen YT, Lin HH, Li ZQ, Yang JM, Tzou SC. Inhibition of IRAK1 Is an Effective Therapy for Autoimmune Hypophysitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314958. [PMID: 36499283 PMCID: PMC9738236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is an autoimmune disease of the pituitary for which the pathogenesis is incompletely known. AH is often treated with corticosteroids; however, steroids may lead to considerable side effects. Using a mouse model of AH (experimental autoimmune hypophysitis, EAH), we show that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is upregulated in the pituitaries of mice that developed EAH. We identified rosoxacin as a specific inhibitor for IRAK1 and found it could treat EAH. Rosoxacin treatment at an early stage (day 0-13) slightly reduced disease severity, whereas treatment at a later stage (day 14-27) significantly suppressed EAH. Further investigation indicated rosoxacin reduced production of autoantigen-specific antibodies. Rosoxacin downregulated production of cytokines and chemokines that may dampen T cell differentiation or recruitment to the pituitary. Finally, rosoxacin downregulated class II major histocompatibility complex expression on antigen-presenting cells that may lead to impaired activation of autoantigen-specific T cells. These data suggest that IRAK1 may play a pathogenic role in AH and that rosoxacin may be an effective drug for AH and other inflammatory diseases involving IRAK1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ti Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Han-Huei Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Qin Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-M.Y.); (S.-C.T.)
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-M.Y.); (S.-C.T.)
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13
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Lin WW, Ho KW, Su HH, Fang TF, Tzou SC, Chen IJ, Lu YC, Chang MS, Tsai YC, Liu ES, Su YC, Wang YT, Cheng TL, Huang HK. Fibrinogen-Like Protein 1 Serves as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Collagen-Induced Arthritis Therapy in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767868. [PMID: 34975855 PMCID: PMC8716738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) was recently identified as a major ligand of lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) on activated T cells and serves as an immune suppressive molecule for regulation of immune homeostasis. However, whether FGL1 has therapeutic potential for use in the T cell-induced the autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is still unknown. Here, we attempted to evaluate the effect of FGL1 protein on arthritis progression. We also evaluated potential adverse events in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. We first confirmed that soluble Fgl1 protein could specifically bind to surface Lag-3 receptor on 3T3-Lag-3 cells and further inhibit interleukin (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion from activated primary mouse T cells by 95% and 43%, respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of Fgl1 protein significantly decreased the inflammatory cytokine level (i.e., IL-1β and IL-6) in local paw tissue, and prevented joint inflammation, cellular infiltration, bone deformation and attenuated collagen-induced arthritis progression in vivo. We further demonstrated that exogenous Fgl1 does not cause obvious adverse events during treatment by monitoring body weight and liver weight, and assessing the morphology of several organs (i.e., heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) by pathological studies. We expect that Fgl1 protein may be suitable to serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of RA or even other types of T cell-induced autoimmune or inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wen-Wei Lin, ; Hsin-Kai Huang,
| | - Kai-Wen Ho
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Han Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fang Fang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Chen
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Lu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Shen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - En-Shuo Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tseng Wang
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kai Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wen-Wei Lin, ; Hsin-Kai Huang,
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14
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Lin YL, Chen CH, Liu YK, Huang TH, Tsai NM, Tzou SC, Liao KW. Lipo-PEG-PEI complex as an intracellular transporter for protein therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1119-1130. [PMID: 30863049 PMCID: PMC6391157 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein or peptide drugs are emerging therapeutics for treating human diseases. However, current protein drugs are typically limited to acting on extracellular/cell membrane components associated with the diseases, while intracellular delivery of recombinant proteins replaces or replenishes faulty/missing proteins and remains inadequate. In this study, we developed a convenient and efficient intracellular protein delivery vehicle. Materials and methods A cationic liposomal polyethylenimine and polyethylene glycol complex (LPPC) was developed to noncovalently capture proteins for protein transfer into cells via endocytosis. β-glucuronidase (βG) was used in vitro and in vivo as a model enzyme to demonstrate the enzymatic activity of the intracellular transport of a protein. Results The endocytosed protein/LPPC complexes escaped from lysosomes, and the bound protein dissociated from LPPC in the cytosol. The enzymatic activity of βG was well preserved after intracellular delivery in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Using LPPC as an intracellular protein transporter for protein therapeutics, we illustrated that LPPC may be an effective and convenient tool for studying diseases and developing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, ;
| | - Yen-Ku Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, ;
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, ; .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, ;
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, ; .,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, ; .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC, .,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC,
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15
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Chuang YC, Wu HY, Lin YL, Tzou SC, Chuang CH, Jian TY, Chen PR, Chang YC, Lin CH, Huang TH, Wang CC, Chan YL, Liao KW. Blockade of ITGA2 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Migration in Gastric Cancer. Biol Proced Online 2018; 20:10. [PMID: 29743821 PMCID: PMC5928594 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-018-0073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Gastric cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages and the outcome of the treatment is often poor. Therefore, identifying new therapeutic targets for this cancer is urgently needed. Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) subunit and the beta 1 subunit form a heterodimer for a transmembrane receptor for extracellular matrix, is an important molecule involved in tumor cell proliferation, survival and migration. Integrin α2β1 is over-expressed on a variety of cancer cells, but is low or absent in most normal organs and resting endothelial cells. Results In this report, we assessed the ITGA2 as the potential therapeutic target with the bioinformatics tools from the TCGA dataset in which composed of 375 gastric cancer tissues and 32 gastric normal tissues. According to the information from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, the AGS cell line with ITGA2 high expression and the SUN-1 cell line with low expression were chosen for the further investigation. Interestingly, the anti-ITGA2 antibody (at 3 μg/ml) inhibited approximately 50% survival of the AGS cells (over-expressed ITGA2), but had no effect in SNU-1 cells (ITGA2 negative). The extents of antibody-mediated cancer inhibition positively correlated with the expression levels of the ITGA2. We further showed that the anti-ITGA2 antibody induced apoptosis by up-regulating the RhoA-p38 MAPK signaling to promote the expressions of Bim, Apaf-1 and Caspase-9, whereas the expressions of Ras and Bax/Bcl-2 were not affected. Moreover, blocking ITGA2 by the specific antibody at lower doses also inhibited cell migration of gastric cancer cells. Blockade of ITGA2 by a specific antibody down-regulated the expression of N-WASP, PAK and LIMK to impede actin organization and cell migration of gastric cancer cells. Conclusions Here, we showed that the mRNA expression levels of ITGA2 comparing to normal tissues significantly increased. In addition, the results revealed that targeting integrin alpha 2 subunit by antibodies did not only inhibit cell migration, but also induce apoptosis effect on gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, higher expression level of ITGA2 led to significant effects on apoptosis progression during anti-ITGA2 antibody treatment, which indicated that ITGA2 expression levels directly correlate with their functionality. Our findings suggest that ITGA2 is a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Chuang
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,3Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chuang
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yan Jian
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pin-Rong Chen
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- 4Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hsin Lin
- 5Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- 6Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,7School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,8School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ching Wang
- 6Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- 9Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, 55, Hwa-Kang Rd., Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei, 11114 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,10College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,11Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,12Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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16
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Chen IJ, Chuang CH, Hsieh YC, Lu YC, Lin WW, Huang CC, Cheng TC, Cheng YA, Cheng KW, Wang YT, Chen FM, Cheng TL, Tzou SC. Selective antibody activation through protease-activated pro-antibodies that mask binding sites with inhibitory domains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11587. [PMID: 28912497 PMCID: PMC5599682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic injection of therapeutic antibodies may cause serious adverse effects due to on-target toxicity to the antigens expressed in normal tissues. To improve the targeting selectivity to the region of disease sites, we developed protease-activated pro-antibodies by masking the binding sites of antibodies with inhibitory domains that can be removed by proteases that are highly expressed at the disease sites. The latency-associated peptide (LAP), C2b or CBa of complement factor 2/B were linked, through a substrate peptide of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), to an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody and an anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody. Results showed that all the inhibitory domains could be removed by MMP-2 to restore the binding activities of the antibodies. LAP substantially reduced (53.8%) the binding activity of the anti-EGFR antibody on EGFR-expressing cells, whereas C2b and CBa were ineffective (21% and 9.3% reduction, respectively). Similarly, LAP also blocked 53.9% of the binding activity of the anti-TNF-α antibody. Finally, molecular dynamic simulation showed that the masking efficiency of LAP, C2b and CBa was 33.7%, 10.3% and −5.4%, respectively, over the binding sites of the antibodies. This strategy may aid in designing new protease-activated pro-antibodies that attain high therapeutic potency yet reduced systemic on-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chiao Huang
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chun Cheng
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ming Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
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17
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Palanisamy S, Wu PY, Wu SC, Chen YJ, Tzou SC, Wang CH, Chen CY, Wang YM. In vitro and in vivo imaging of peroxynitrite by a ratiometric boronate-based fluorescent probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:849-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Lin HH, Gutenberg A, Chen TY, Tsai NM, Lee CJ, Cheng YC, Cheng WH, Tzou YM, Caturegli P, Tzou SC. In Situ Activation of Pituitary-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Autoimmune Hypophysitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43492. [PMID: 28262761 PMCID: PMC5337949 DOI: 10.1038/srep43492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of T and B lymphocytes in the pituitary gland. The mechanisms through which infiltrating lymphocytes cause disease remain unknown. Using a mouse model of AH we assessed whether T lymphocytes undergo activation in the pituitary gland. Infiltrating T cells co-localized with dendritic cells in the pituitary and produced increased levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 upon stimulation in vitro. Assessing proliferation of CD3- and B220-postive lymphocytes by double immunohistochemistry (PCNA-staining) and flow cytometry (BrdU incorporation) revealed that a discrete proportion of infiltrating T cells and B cells underwent proliferation within the pituitary parenchyma. This proliferation persisted into the late disease stage (day 56 post-immunization), indicating the presence of a continuous generation of autoreactive T and B cells within the pituitary gland. T cell proliferation in the pituitary was confirmed in patients affected by autoimmune hypophysitis. In conclusion, we show that pituitary-infiltrating lymphocytes proliferate in situ during AH, providing a previously unknown pathogenic mechanism and new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Huei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Angelika Gutenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Ywh-Min Tzou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30068, Taiwan
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19
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Lin CM, Lin YL, Ho SY, Chen PR, Tsai YH, Chung CH, Hwang CH, Tsai NM, Tzou SC, Ke CY, Chang J, Chan YL, Wang YS, Chi KH, Liao KW. The inhibitory effect of 7,7″-dimethoxyagastisflavone on the metastasis of melanoma cells via the suppression of F-actin polymerization. Oncotarget 2016; 8:60046-60059. [PMID: 28947953 PMCID: PMC5601121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
7,7″-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from Taxus × media cv. Hicksii, induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death. However, whether DMGF suppresses tumor metastasis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-metastatic activities of DMGF on the metastatic processes of melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro. A transwell assay showed that DMGF could effectively attenuate the motility of B16F10 cells, and the results of real-time PCR revealed that DMGF also suppressed the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Moreover, DMGF did not influence tube formation but inhibited the migration of endothelial cells. Furthermore, animal models were used to monitor the effects of DMGF on tumor metastasis, and all models showed that DMGF significantly suppressed the metastatic behaviors of B16F10 cells, including intravasation, colonization, and invasion of the lymphatic duct. In addition, DMGF could also reduce the densities of the blood vessels in the tumor area in vivo. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of anti-metastatic activity revealed that DMGF can down-regulate the levels of key modulators of the Cdc42/Rac1 pathway to interfere in F-actin polymerization and suppress the formation of lamellipodia by reducing the phosphorylation of CREB. These data suggested that DMGF presents anti-metastatic activities in B16F10 melanoma cells. Here, we demonstrated that DMGF can inhibit the metastasis of highly invasive melanoma cancer cells through the down-regulation of F-actin polymerization. Considering these findings, DMGF may be further developed to serve as a chemoprevention drug for patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Min Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Rong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Chung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical and Laboratory Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Hwa Chi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institut of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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20
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Chuang CH, Cheng TC, Leu YL, Chuang KH, Tzou SC, Chen CS. Discovery of Akt kinase inhibitors through structure-based virtual screening and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3202-12. [PMID: 25648320 PMCID: PMC4346889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt acts as a pivotal regulator in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and represents a potential drug target for cancer therapy. To search for new inhibitors of Akt kinase, we performed a structure-based virtual screening using the DOCK 4.0 program and the X-ray crystal structure of human Akt kinase. From the virtual screening, 48 compounds were selected and subjected to the Akt kinase inhibition assay. Twenty-six of the test compounds showed more potent inhibitory effects on Akt kinase than the reference compound, H-89. These 26 compounds were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HCT-116 human colon cancer cells and HEK-293 normal human embryonic kidney cells. Twelve compounds were found to display more potent or comparable cytotoxic activity compared to compound H-89 against HCT-116 colon cancer cells. The best results were obtained with Compounds a46 and a48 having IC50 values (for HCT-116) of 11.1 and 9.5 µM, respectively, and selectivity indices (IC50 for HEK-293/IC50 for HCT-116) of 12.5 and 16.1, respectively. Through structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluations, we have successfully identified several new Akt inhibitors that displayed cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. Especially, Compounds a46 and a48 may serve as useful lead compounds for further development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Shu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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21
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Cheng TC, Chuang KH, Chen M, Wang HE, Tzou SC, Su YC, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen BM, Chang LS, Roffler SR, Cheng TL. Sensitivity of PEGylated interferon detection by anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies depends on PEG length. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 24:1408-13. [PMID: 23837865 DOI: 10.1021/bc3006144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) to proteins can mask immune epitopes to increase serum half-life, reduce immunogenicity, and enhance in vivo biological efficacy. However, PEGylation mediated epitope-masking may also limit sensitivity and accuracy of traditional ELISA. We previously described an anti-PEG-based sandwich ELISA for universal assay of PEGylated molecules. Here, we compared the quantitative assessment of PEGylated interferons by anti-PEG and traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. The detection limits for PEG-Intron (12k-PEG) and Pegasys (40k-PEG) were 1.9 and 0.03 ng/mL for anti-PEG ELISA compared to 0.18 and 0.42 ng/mL for traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. These results indicate that the anti-PEG sandwich ELISA was insensitive to PEGylation mediated epitope-masking and the sensitivity increased in proportion to the length of PEG. By contrast, PEG-masking interfered with detection by traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. Human and mouse serum did not affect the sensitivity of anti-PEG ELISA but impeded traditional anti-interferon sandwich ELISA. The anti-PEG sandwich ELISA was comparable to anti-interferon sandwich ELISA and radioassay of 131I-Pegasys in pharmacokinetic studies in mice. The anti-PEG sandwich ELISA provides a sensitive, accurate, and convenient quantitative measurement of PEGylated protein drugs.
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22
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Cheng CM, Tzou SC, Zhuang YH, Huang CC, Kao CH, Liao KW, Cheng TC, Chuang CH, Hsieh YC, Tai MH, Cheng TL. Functional production of a soluble and secreted single-chain antibody by a bacterial secretion system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97367. [PMID: 24824752 PMCID: PMC4019604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) serve as an alternative to full-length monoclonal antibodies used in research and therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, when recombinant scFvs are overexpressed in bacteria, they often form inclusion bodies and exhibit loss of function. To overcome this problem, we developed an scFv secretion system in which scFv was fused with osmotically inducible protein Y (osmY), a bacterial secretory carrier protein, for efficient protein secretion. Anti-EGFR scFv (αEGFR) was fused with osmY (N- and C-termini) and periplasmic leader sequence (pelB) to generate αEGFR-osmY, osmY-αEGFR, and pelB-αEGFR (control), respectively. In comparison with the control, both the osmY-fused αEGFR scFvs were soluble and secreted into the LB medium. Furthermore, the yield of soluble αEGFR-osmY was 20-fold higher, and the amount of secreted protein was 250-fold higher than that of osmY-αEGFR. In addition, the antigen-binding activity of both the osmY-fused αEGFRs was 2-fold higher than that of the refolded pelB-αEGFR from inclusion bodies. Similar results were observed with αTAG72-osmY and αHer2-osmY. These results suggest that the N-terminus of osmY fused with scFv produces a high yield of soluble, functional, and secreted scFv, and the osmY-based bacterial secretion system may be used for the large-scale industrial production of low-cost αEGFR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Chuang YC, Lin CJ, Lo SF, Wang JL, Tzou SC, Yuan SS, Wang YM. Dual functional AuNRs@MnMEIOs nanoclusters for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4678-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Chen YJ, Wu SC, Chen CY, Tzou SC, Cheng TL, Huang YF, Yuan SS, Wang YM. Peptide-based MRI contrast agent and near-infrared fluorescent probe for intratumoral legumain detection. Biomaterials 2013; 35:304-15. [PMID: 24120038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that intratumoral legumain promotes tumorigenesis. To monitor legumain activity in tumors, we developed a new MRI contrast agent ([Gd-NBCB-TTDA-Leg(L)]) and a NIR fluorescence probe (CyTE777-Leg(L)-CyTE807). The MRI contrast agent was prepared by introduction of cyclobutyl and benzyl group residues to TTDA (3,6,10-tri(carboxymethyl)-3,6,10-triaza-dodecanedioic acid), followed by the attachment of a legumain-specific substrate peptide (Leg(L)). The NIR fluorescence probe was designed by conjugating two NIR fluorochromes (CyTE777 and CyTE807) with Leg(L). Peptide cleavage of the MRI contrast agent by legumain can increase its hydrophobicity and promote rotational correlation time (τ(R)). Peptide cleavage of the NIR probes by the legumain relieves the self quench of the probe. Peptide cleavage of the MRI contrast agent and the NIR fluorescence probe by legumain were confirmed by T1 relaxometric studies and by fluorescence studies, respectively. In vivo MR images showed that [Gd-NBCB-TTDA-Leg(L)] attained 55.3 fold (254.2% versus 4.6%, at 2.0 h post-injection) higher imaging enhancement, as compared with control contrast agent bearing a noncleaveable peptide ([Gd-NBCB-TTDA-Leg(D)], in the CT-26 (legumain(+)) tumors. Similarly, optical imaging probe CyTE777-Leg(L)-CyTE807 attained 15.2 fold (3.34 × 10(9) photons/min versus 0.22 × 10(9) photons/min, at 24.0 h post-injection) higher imaging enhancement in the CT-26 (legumain(+)) tumors, compared to a NIR control probe (CyTE777-Leg(D)-CyTE807). These data indicate that the [Gd-NBCB-TTDA-Leg(L)] and the CyTE777-Leg(L)-CyTE807 probes may be promising tools to image the legumain-expressing cancers for diagnoses and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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25
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Chen SH, Kuo YT, Singh G, Cheng TL, Su YZ, Wang TP, Chiu YY, Lai JJ, Chang CC, Jaw TS, Tzou SC, Liu GC, Wang YM. Development of a Gd(III)-based receptor-induced magnetization enhancement (RIME) contrast agent for β-glucuronidase activity profiling. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12426-35. [PMID: 23116118 DOI: 10.1021/ic301827p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase is a key lysosomal enzyme and is often overexpressed in necrotic tumor masses. We report here the synthesis of a pro receptor-induced magnetization enhancement (pro-RIME) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent ([Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)]) for molecular imaging of β-glucuronidase activity in tumor tissues. The contrast agent consists of two parts, a gadolinium complex and a β-glucuronidase substrate (β-d-glucopyranuronic acid). The binding association constant (KA) of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] is 7.42 × 10(2), which is significantly lower than that of a commercially available MS-325 (KA = 3.0 × 10(4)) RIME contrast agent. The low KA value of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] is due to the pendant β-d-glucopyranuronic acid moiety. Therefore, [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] can be used for detection of β-glucuronidase through RIME modulation. The detail mechanism of enzymatic activation of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] was elucidated by LC-MS. The kinetics of β-glucuronidase catalyzed hydrolysis of [Eu(DOTA-FPβGu)] at pH 7.4 best fit the Miechalis-Menten kinetic mode with Km = 1.38 mM, kcat = 3.76 × 10(3), and kcat/Km = 2.72 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). The low Km value indicates high affinity of β-glucuronidase for [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] at physiological pH. Relaxometric studies revealed that T1 relaxivity of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] changes in response to the concentration of β-glucuronidase. Consistent with the relaxometric studies, [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] showed significant change in MR image signal in the presence of β-glucuronidase and HSA. In vitro and in vivo MR images demonstrated appreciable differences in signal enhancement in the cell lines and tumor xenografts in accordance to their expression levels of β-glucuronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , 100 Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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26
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Abstract
Tobacco smoking favorably influences the course of Hashimoto thyroiditis, possibly through the antiinflammatory proprieties of nicotine. In this study we tested anatabine, another tobacco alkaloid, in a model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was induced by different doses of thyroglobulin, to produce a disease of low, moderate, or high severity, in 88 CBA/J female mice: 43 drank anatabine supplemented water and 45 regular water. Mice were bled after immunization and killed to assess thyroid histopathology, thyroglobulin antibodies, T(4), and thyroid RNA expression of 84 inflammatory genes. We also stimulated in vitro a macrophage cell line with interferon-γ or lipopolysaccharide plus or minus anatabine to quantitate inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 protein expression. Anatabine reduced the incidence and severity of thyroiditis in the moderate disease category: only 13 of 21 mice (62%) developed thyroid infiltrates when drinking anatabine as compared with 22 of 23 (96%) controls (relative risk 0.59, P = 0.0174). The median thyroiditis severity was 0.5 and 2.0 in anatabine and controls, respectively (P = 0.0007 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). Anatabine also reduced the antibody response to thyroglobulin on d 14 (P = 0.029) and d 21 (P = 0.045) after immunization and improved the recovery of thyroid function on d 21 (P = 0.049). In the thyroid transcriptome, anatabine restored expression of IL-18 and IL-1 receptor type 2 to preimmunization levels. Finally, anatabine suppressed in a dose-dependent manner macrophage production of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2. Anatabine ameliorates disease in a model of autoimmune thyroiditis, making the delineation of its mechanisms of action and potential clinical utility worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross 656, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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27
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Kao CH, Cheng CM, Chuang KH, Chuang CH, Tzou SC, Cheng TC, Hsieh YC, Liao KW, Wang YM, Chang LS, Roffler SR, Chen FM, Cheng TL. A regularly spaced and self-revealing protein ladder for anti-tag Western blot analysis. Anal Biochem 2012; 431:1-3. [PMID: 22885722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We designed a protein ladder (hereafter referred to as "Mega-tag") that contains 14 of the most commonly used epitope tags fused to molecular weight markers. The Mega-tag ladder can be simultaneously visualized when anti-tag antibodies are used to detect epitope-tagged recombinant proteins in Western blots. The logarithm of molecular weights and relative mobility of the Mega-tag protein ladder are highly correlated (R(2)=0.997±0.00232), indicating that the dye-free Mega-tag protein ladder is accurate. It can also serve as a positive control for anti-epitope tag immunoblots. The Mega-tag protein ladder should provide a convenient and precise tool for Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Cheng TC, Roffler SR, Tzou SC, Chuang KH, Su YC, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen CS, Harn IH, Liu KY, Cheng TL, Leu YL. An Activity-Based Near-Infrared Glucuronide Trapping Probe for Imaging β-Glucuronidase Expression in Deep Tissues. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3103-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209335z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute
of Microbiology and
Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institutes
of Basic Medical
Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Harn
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
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Gutenberg A, Bell JJ, Lupi I, Tzou SC, Landek-Salgado MA, Kimura H, Su J, Karaviti LP, Salvatori R, Caturegli P. Pituitary and systemic autoimmunity in a case of intrasellar germinoma. Pituitary 2011; 14:388-94. [PMID: 19466616 PMCID: PMC3291822 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-009-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Germinomas arising in the sella turcica are difficult to differentiate from autoimmune hypophysitis because of similar clinical and pathological features. This differentiation, nevertheless, is critical for patient care due to different treatments of the two diseases. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with diabetes insipidus and growth retardation, and was found to have an intra- and supra-sellar mass. Initial examination of the pituitary biopsy showed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the adenohypophysis and absent placental alkaline phosphatase expression, leading to a diagnosis of hypophysitis and glucocorticoid treatment. Because of the lack of clinical and radiological response, the pituitary specimen was re-examined, revealing this time the presence of scattered c-kit and Oct4 positive germinoma cells. The revised diagnosis prompted the initiation of radiotherapy, which induced disappearance of the pituitary mass. Immunological studies showed that the patient's serum recognized antigens expressed by the patient's own germinoma cells, as well as pituitary antigens like growth hormone and systemic antigens like the Sjögren syndrome antigen B and alpha-enolase. The study first reports the presence of pituitary and systemic antibodies in a patient with intrasellar germinoma, and reminds us that diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland and pituitary antibodies does not always indicate a diagnosis of autoimmune hypophysitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Gutenberg
- Department for Neurosurgery, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J. Bell
- Department for Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Isabella Lupi
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department for Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department for Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jack Su
- Department for Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Department for Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department for Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Ross Building, Room 632, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Lupi I, Zhang J, Gutenberg A, Landek-Salgado M, Tzou SC, Mori S, Caturegli P. From pituitary expansion to empty sella: disease progression in a mouse model of autoimmune hypophysitis. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4190-8. [PMID: 21862619 PMCID: PMC3198994 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytic hypophysitis has a variable clinical course, where a swelling of the pituitary gland at presentation is thought to be followed by pituitary atrophy and empty sella. Data in patients, however, are scanty and contradictory. To better define the course of hypophysitis, we used an experimental model based on the injection of pituitary proteins into SJL mice. A cohort of 33 mice was divided into three groups: 18 cases were immunized with pituitary proteins emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant; six controls were injected with adjuvant only; and nine controls were left untreated. Mice were followed by cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for up to 300 d, for a total of 106 MRI scans, and killed at different time points to correlate radiological and pathological findings. Empty sella was defined as a reduction in pituitary volume greater than 2 sd below the mean volume. All immunized mice showed by MRI a significant expansion of pituitary volume during the early phases of the disease. The volume then decreased gradually in the majority of cases (14 of 18, 78%), reaching empty sella values by d 300 after immunization. In a minority of cases (four of 18, 22%), the decrease was so rapid and marked to induce a central area of necrosis accompanied by hemorrhages, mimicking the condition known in patients as pituitary apoplexy. No radiological or pathological changes were observed in controls. Overall, these findings indicate that the evolution of hypophysitis is complex but can lead, through different routes, to the development of empty sella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Lupi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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31
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Chuang CH, Chuang KH, Wang HE, Roffler SR, Shiea JT, Tzou SC, Cheng TC, Kao CH, Wu SY, Tseng WL, Cheng CM, Hou MF, Wang JM, Cheng TL. In vivo positron emission tomography imaging of protease activity by generation of a hydrophobic product from a noninhibitory protease substrate. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:238-47. [PMID: 22019516 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an imaging technology for protease activities in patients that could help in prognosis prediction and in design of personalized, protease-based inhibitors and prodrugs for targeted therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was covalently attached to the N-terminus of a hydrophilic peptide substrate (GPLGVR) for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) to increase hydrophilicity. PEG-peptide was then linked to a hydrophobic tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) domain and labeled with (18)F to form a PEG-peptide-(18)F-TMR probe. Specific cleavage of the probe by MMP2 was tested in vitro by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF). In vivo imaging of MMP2-expressing tumors was evaluated by micro-PET. RESULTS The hydrophobic TMR fragment (948 Da) was specifically generated by MMP2 enzymes and MMP-expressing HT1080 cells but not control MCF-7 cells. MMP-expressing HT1080 cells and tumors selectively accumulated the hydrolyzed, hydrophobic TMR fragment at sites of protease activity. Importantly, we found that (18)F-labeled probe ((18)F-TMR) preferentially localized in HT1080 tumors but not control MCF-7 tumors as shown by micro-PET. Uptake of the probe in HT1080 tumors was 18.4 ± 1.9-fold greater than in the MCF-7 tumors 30 minutes after injection. These results suggest that the PEG-peptide-(18)F-TMR probe displays high selectivity for imaging MMP activity. CONCLUSIONS This strategy successfully images MMP expression in vivo and may be extended to other proteases to predict patient prognosis and to design personalized, protease-based inhibitors and prodrug-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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32
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Tzou SC, Landek-Salgado MA, Kimura H, Caturegli P. Preparation of mouse pituitary immunogen for the induction of experimental autoimmune hypophysitis. J Vis Exp 2010:2181. [PMID: 21206466 DOI: 10.3791/2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland caused or accompanied by autoimmunity(1). It has traditionally been considered a rare disease but reporting has increased markedly in recent years. Hypophysitis, in fact, develops not uncommonly as a "side effect" in cancer patients treated with antibodies that block inhibitory receptors expressed on T lymphocytes, such as CTLA-4(2) and PD-1 receptors. Autoimmune hypophysitis can be induced experimentally by injecting mice with pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant(3). In this video article we demonstrate how to extract proteins from mouse pituitary glands and how to prepare them in a form suitable for inducing autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice.
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33
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Abstract
Autoimmune hypophysitis can be reproduced experimentally by the injection of pituitary proteins mixed with an adjuvant into susceptible mice(1). Mouse models allow us to study how diseases unfold, often providing a good replica of the same processes occurring in humans. For some autoimmune diseases, like type 1A diabetes, there are models (the NOD mouse) that spontaneously develop a disease similar to the human counterpart. For many other autoimmune diseases, however, the model needs to be induced experimentally. A common approach in this regard is to inject the mouse with a dominant antigen derived from the organ being studied. For example, investigators interested in autoimmune thyroiditis inject mice with thyroglobulin(2), and those interested in myasthenia gravis inject them with the acetylcholine receptor(3). If the autoantigen for a particular autoimmune disease is not known, investigators inject a crude protein extract from the organ targeted by the autoimmune reaction. For autoimmune hypophysitis, the pathogenic autoantigen(s) remain to be identified(4), and thus a crude pituitary protein preparation is used. In this video article we demonstrate how to induce experimental autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice.
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Yang YH, Li RN, Tzou SC, Wang JY, Lee HP, Wang HC, Chen FM, Wang YH, Hsieh MC, Huang MY, Tseng WL, Lin SR, Cheng TL. Simultaneous detection of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms by a simple membrane chip. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:653-9. [PMID: 20858048 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies that screen multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be very valuable in predicting patients' susceptibilities to diseases or responses to therapeutic interventions. In this study, we developed a chip that can accurately detect four SNPs at same time. This chip is cost-effective and user-friendly because it uses a detection protocol analogous to dot blotting and does not require sophisticated instruments. To establish this chip, we designed and blotted onto a nylon membrane SNP-specific oligonucleotide probes for human angiotensinogen, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and apolipoprotein E. This chip detected the corresponding SNPs harbored within the angiotensinogen, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and apolipoprotein E sequences from 20 donors. Importantly, the SNPs detected by our chip matched exactly with the direct sequencing results, thereby highlighting the accuracy of this chip. In conclusion, our chip is a robust tool for multiple SNP screening and holds the potential to future refinement in detecting diseases-associating genes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genetics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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35
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Chuang KH, Wang HE, Chen FM, Tzou SC, Cheng CM, Chang YC, Tseng WL, Shiea J, Lin SR, Wang JY, Chen BM, Roffler SR, Cheng TL. Endocytosis of PEGylated Agents Enhances Cancer Imaging and Anticancer Efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1903-12. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Chuang KH, Wang HE, Cheng TC, Tzou SC, Tseng WL, Hung WC, Tai MH, Chang TK, Roffler SR, Cheng TL. Development of a universal anti-polyethylene glycol reporter gene for noninvasive imaging of PEGylated probes. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:933-41. [PMID: 20484433 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.071977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A reporter gene can provide important information regarding the specificity and efficacy of gene or cell therapies. Although reporter genes are increasingly used in experimental and clinical studies, a highly specific yet nonimmunogenic reporter that can track genes and cells in vivo by multiple imaging technologies still awaits development. In this study, we constructed a versatile and nonimmunogenic reporter gene to noninvasively image gene expression or cell delivery by optical imaging, MRI, and small-animal PET. METHODS We cloned and expressed a membrane-anchored anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) reporter that consists of the Fab fragment of a mouse anti-PEG monoclonal antibody, AGP3, fused to the C-like extracellular-transmembrane-cytosolic domains of the mouse B7-1 receptor. Binding of PEGylated probes (PEG-NIR797 for optical imaging, PEG-superparamagnetic iron oxide for MRI, and (124)I-PEG for small-animal PET) were examined in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we compared the specificity, immunogenicity, and probe toxicity of the anti-PEG reporter with the gold standard reporter gene, type 1 herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk). Finally, we derived a humanized anti-PEG reporter and evaluated its imaging function in vivo with subcutaneous and metastatic tumor models in mice. RESULTS The cells or tumors that stably expressed anti-PEG reporters selectively accumulated various PEGylated imaging probes and could be detected by optical imaging, MRI, and small-animal PET. Importantly, the anti-PEG reporter displayed an imaging specificity comparable to the HSV-tk reporter but did not provoke immune responses or cause toxicity to the host. Furthermore, the humanized anti-PEG reporter retained high imaging specificity in vivo. CONCLUSION The highly specific and nonimmunogenic anti-PEG reporter may be paired with PEGylated probes to provide a valuable system to image gene expression or cell delivery in experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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37
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Chuang KH, Tzou SC, Cheng TC, Kao CH, Tseng WL, Shiea J, Liao KW, Wang YM, Chang YC, Huang BJ, Wu CJ, Chu PY, Roffler SR, Cheng TL. Measurement of Poly(ethylene glycol) by Cell-Based Anti-poly(ethylene glycol) ELISA. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2355-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902548m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Ya-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Bo-Jyun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Pei-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology and Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University−Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
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Kimura HJ, Chen CY, Tzou SC, Rocchi R, Landek-Salgado MA, Suzuki K, Kimura M, Rose NR, Caturegli P. Immunoproteasome overexpression underlies the pathogenesis of thyroid oncocytes and primary hypothyroidism: studies in humans and mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7857. [PMID: 19924240 PMCID: PMC2773418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oncocytes of the thyroid gland (Hürthle cells) are found in tumors and autoimmune diseases. They have a unique appearance characterized by abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nucleus. Their pathogenesis has remained, thus far, unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Using transgenic mice chronically expressing IFNγ in thyroid gland, we showed changes in the thyroid follicular epithelium reminiscent of the human oncocyte. Transcriptome analysis comparing transgenic to wild type thyrocytes revealed increased levels of immunoproteasome subunits like LMP2 in transgenics, suggesting an important role of the immunoproteasome in oncocyte pathogenesis. Pharmacologic blockade of the proteasome, in fact, ameliorated the oncocytic phenotype. Genetic deletion of LMP2 subunit prevented the development of the oncocytic phenotype and primary hypothyroidism. LMP2 was also found expressed in oncocytes from patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and Hürthle cell tumors. Conclusions/Significance In summary, we report that oncocytes are the result of an increased immunoproteasome expression secondary to a chronic inflammatory milieu, and suggest LMP2 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of oncocytic lesions and autoimmune hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki J. Kimura
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cindy Y. Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Roberto Rocchi
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Landek-Salgado
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Bioregulation, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kimura
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noel R. Rose
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gutenberg A, Landek-Salgado M, Tzou SC, Lupi I, Geis A, Kimura H, Caturegli P. Autoimmune hypophysitis: expanding the differential diagnosis to CTLA-4 blockade. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2009; 4:681-698. [PMID: 30780785 DOI: 10.1586/eem.09.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hypophysitis is an increasingly recognized disorder that enters in the differential diagnosis of nonfunctioning pituitary masses. The differential diagnosis of these conditions is challenging because of similar clinical presentations and radiological signs. This review describes the essential features of hypophysitis and the other nonfunctioning pituitary masses. It also emphasizes a recently described feature of hypophysitis: its appearance with unexpectedly high frequency in patients receiving treatments that abrogate the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Gutenberg
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Melissa Landek-Salgado
- b Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- c Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Isabella Lupi
- d Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Abby Geis
- e Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- f Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- g Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Tzou SC, Roffler S, Chuang KH, Yeh HP, Kao CH, Su YC, Cheng CM, Tseng WL, Shiea J, Harm IH, Cheng KW, Chen BM, Hwang JJ, Cheng TL, Wang HE. Micro-PET imaging of beta-glucuronidase activity by the hydrophobic conversion of a glucuronide probe. Radiology 2009; 252:754-62. [PMID: 19717754 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2523082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new glucuronide probe for micro-positron emission topography (PET) that can depict beta-glucuronidase (betaG)-expressing tumors in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS All animal experiments were preapproved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A betaG-specific probe was generated by labeling phenolphthalein glucuronide (PTH-G) with iodine 131 ((131)I) or (124)I. To test the specificity of the probe in vitro, (124)I-PTH-G was added to CT26 and betaG-expressing CT26 (CT26/betaG) cells. Mice bearing CT26 and CT26/betaG tumors (n = 6) were injected with (124)I-PTH-G and subjected to micro-PET imaging. A betaG-specific inhibitor D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate was used in vitro and in vivo to ascertain the specificity of the glucuronide probes. Finally, the biodistributions of the probes were determined in selected organs after injection of (131)I-PTH-G to mice bearing CT26 and CT26/betaG tumors (n = 14). Differences in the radioactivity in CT26 and CT26/betaG tumors were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS (124)I-PTH-G was selectively converted to (124)I-PTH (phenolphthalein), which accumulated in CT26/betaG cells and tumors in vitro. The micro-PET images demonstrated enhanced activity in CT26/betaG tumors resulting from betaG-mediated conversion and trapping of the radioactive probes. Accumulation of radioactive signals was 3.6-, 3.4-, and 3.3-fold higher in the CT26/betaG tumors than in parental CT26 tumors at 1, 3, and 20 hours, respectively, after injection of the probe (for all the three time points, P < .05). CONCLUSION Hydrophilic-hydrophobic conversion of (124)I-PTH-G probe can aid in imaging of betaG-expressing tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Faculty of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary autoantibodies are found in autoimmune hypophysitis and other conditions. They are a marker of pituitary autoimmunity but currently have limited clinical value. The methods used for their detection lack adequate sensitivity and specificity, mainly because the pathogenic pituitary autoantigen(s) are not known and therefore antigen-based immunoassays have not been developed. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify novel pituitary autoantigens using sera as probes in proteomic assays. We also compared immunoblotting and immunofluorescence methods for their accuracy in diagnosing autoimmune hypophysitis. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Twenty-eight sera from autoimmune hypophysitis cases (14 histologically proven and 14 clinically suspected) were compared to 98 sera from controls, which included 14 patients with pituitary adenomas, 48 with autoimmune thyroiditis (15 Graves' disease and 33 Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and 36 healthy subjects. METHODS All sera were tested against human pituitary cytosolic proteins separated by one-dimensional (1D) gel electrophoresis. The band recognition was analysed statistically to detect molecular weight regions preferentially recognized by hypophysitis sera. 2D gel immunoblotting and mass spectrometry were then used to sequence the protein spots of interest. Sera were also tested by immunofluorescence for their recognition of Macaca mulatta pituitary sections. RESULTS A single region in the 25-27-kDa range was recognized more often by hypophysitis cases than healthy subjects (P = 0.004) or patients with pituitary adenomas (P = 0.044). This region contained two novel candidate autoantigens: chromosome 14 open reading frame 166 (C14orf166) and chorionic somatomammotrophin. Immunoblotting positivity for the 25-27-kDa region yielded greater sensitivity (64%vs. 57%) and specificity (86%vs. 76%) than immunofluorescence in predicting histologically proven hypophysitis, although the performance was still inadequate to make immunoblotting a clinically useful test. CONCLUSION The study reports two novel proteins that could act as autoantigens in autoimmune hypophysitis. Further studies are needed to validate their pathogenic role and diagnostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Lupi
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Tzou SC, Lupi I, Landek M, Gutenberg A, Tzou YM, Kimura H, Pinna G, Rose NR, Caturegli P. Autoimmune hypophysitis of SJL mice: clinical insights from a new animal model. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3461-9. [PMID: 18388197 PMCID: PMC2453094 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is a rare but increasingly recognized disease of the pituitary gland. Its autoantigens are unknown, and the management is difficult because it is often misdiagnosed as a nonsecreting adenoma. By immunizing female SJL/J mice with mouse pituitary extracts, we established a new mouse model of experimental AH. Immunized mice developed severe lymphocytic infiltration in the anterior pituitary that closely mimicked the human pathology. In the early phase of experimental AH, the pituitary enlarged, consistent with the compression symptoms reported by hypophysitis patients at presentation. In the florid phase, adrenal insufficiency and pituitary antibodies developed, in strong correlation with the pituitary pathology. In the late phase, hypothyroidism ensued, and the pituitary gland became atrophic. Using immune sera as probes in a two-dimensional immunoblotting screen followed by mass spectrometry, we identified several proteins that could function as pituitary autoantigens. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of AH, and establish a platform for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Rocchi R, Kimura H, Tzou SC, Suzuki K, Rose NR, Pinchera A, Ladenson PW, Caturegli P. Toll-like receptor-MyD88 and Fc receptor pathways of mast cells mediate the thyroid dysfunctions observed during nonthyroidal illness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6019-24. [PMID: 17389381 PMCID: PMC1851609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701319104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections and other pathologic conditions induce complex dysfunctions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, collectively known as nonthyroidal illness (NTI). To explore the pathogenesis of bacterial NTI, we injected Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracts or Escherichia coli LPS in mice lacking key components of the Toll-like receptor or crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptor pathways. In wild-type mice, the bacterial components induced a hypothyroidism characterized by elements of both hypothalamic and thyroidal dysfunction. This NTI hypothyroidism did not develop in mice lacking the MyD88 adaptor or in those with a reduced number of mast cells. The hypothyroid responsiveness to LPS, however, was restored upon reconstitution with mast cells derived from the bone marrow of wild-type donors. In addition to bacterial components, whole immunoglobulins induced NTI hypothyroidism in wild-type mice, but not in those lacking activating Fc receptors or mast cells. The study demonstrates a link between Toll-like and Fc receptor signaling and thyroid gland function, uncovering a role of mast cells in murine NTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Bioregulation, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan; and
| | | | - Aldo Pinchera
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paul W. Ladenson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- *Department of Pathology and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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McGrath-Morrow S, Laube B, Tzou SC, Cho C, Cleary J, Kimura H, Rose NR, Caturegli P. IL-12 overexpression in mice as a model for Sjögren lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L837-46. [PMID: 16751222 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00134.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a Th1 proinflammatory cytokine, is reported to be increased in Sjögren syndrome. To evaluate the effects of local Th1/Th2 deregulation, we generated a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses IL-12 in the lungs. IL-12 transgenic mice developed bronchial and alveolar abnormalities strikingly similar to those found in the lungs of Sjögren patients. Pathologically, lung abnormalities began at approximately 4 mo of age and were characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates around the bronchi, intraluminal periodic acid Schiff-positive debris, increased cell proliferation in the alveolar region, and increased interstitial and alveolar macrophages. Functionally, these abnormalities translated into decreased mucociliary clearance (P<0.05 vs. wild-type littermates) and increased oxidative stress (P<0.01). The pathological and functional abnormalities were accompanied by significant changes in lung natural killer (NK) cells. The number of NK cells was fourfold higher in IL-12 transgenic than wild-type lungs (20% of all lymphoid cells vs. 5%) during the first month of life. NK cells then decreased within a narrow window of time (from 30 to 50 days of age), reaching a nadir of approximately 2% on day 50, and remained at these low levels thereafter. This new mouse model highlights the role of IL-12 in the initiation of Sjögren syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon McGrath-Morrow
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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45
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Kimura H, Tzou SC, Rocchi R, Kimura M, Suzuki K, Parlow AF, Rose NR, Caturegli P. Interleukin (IL)-12-driven primary hypothyroidism: the contrasting roles of two Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and interferon-gamma). Endocrinology 2005; 146:3642-51. [PMID: 15860554 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-12, a prototypic T helper 1 cytokine, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but reported to give conflicting results in murine models of lymphocytic thyroiditis. To determine the effects of chronic, local production of IL-12 within the thyroid gland, we created transgenic mice that express IL-12 p70 under the transcriptional control of the thyroglobulin promoter. Transgenics developed growth retardation, moderate primary hypothyroidism, and mild lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland. The hypothyroidism was associated with increased mRNA levels of the sodium-iodide symporter, an increase partly due to a direct effect of IL-12 on the thyrocyte. Upon immunization with a suboptimal dose of mouse thyroglobulin, IL-12 transgenic mice developed a lymphocytic thyroiditis that was more frequent and severe than that observed in wild-type littermates. The disease-promoting effect of IL-12 was independent of interferon-gamma, as shown by the similar interferon-gamma levels in transgenics and controls. These findings highlight the contrasting roles of two T helper 1 cytokines and report a novel role of IL-12 on thyroid hormonogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Kimura H, Kimura M, Tzou SC, Chen YC, Suzuki K, Rose NR, Caturegli P. Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on thyrocytes does not cause spontaneous thyroiditis but mildly increases its severity after immunization. Endocrinology 2005; 146:1154-62. [PMID: 15591134 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are classically expressed on antigen-presenting cells of the hematopoietic lineage but have also been described on epithelial cells in association with autoimmunity. In this context, however, it remains debatable whether class II MHC molecules are the initiating event or rather the consequence of the autoimmune attack. In addition, the role of epithelial class II expression once the autoimmune attack has begun is unknown. We generated transgenic mice expressing in the thyroid follicular cells the class II transactivator, the master regulator of all the genes in the class II MHC pathway. The study used a cohort of 245 CBA/J mice (127 wild-type and 118 transgenic), both in basal conditions (n = 63) and at different time points after immunization with mouse thyroglobulin (n = 182). In basal conditions, transgenic mice were similar to wild-type controls and did not develop spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis, despite the aberrant expression of class II MHC molecules on thyrocytes. After immunization, thyroiditis was 8% more severe in transgenics than controls (95% confidence interval from 1.8-13.4%; P = 0.033), especially during the florid stages of disease. These findings suggest that expression of class II MHC molecules on epithelial cells is not sufficient to initiate autoimmunity but mildly modulates an already established autoimmune attack against the target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Ross Building, Room 656, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Liao KW, Chen BM, Liu TB, Tzou SC, Lin YM, Lin KF, Su CI, Roffler SR. Stable expression of chimeric anti-CD3 receptors on mammalian cells for stimulation of antitumor immunity. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 10:779-90. [PMID: 14502231 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CD80 or CD86 costimulatory molecules on tumor cells can produce rejection of immunogenic but not poorly immunogenic tumors. We have previously shown that anti-CD3 single-chain antibodies expressed on the surface of cells can directly activate T cells. We therefore investigated whether anti-CD3 "receptors" could enhance CD86-mediated rejection of poorly immunogenic tumors. Expression of anti-CD3 receptors on cells was increased by introduction of membrane-proximal "spacer" domains containing glycosylation sites between the single-chain antibody and the transmembrane domain of the chimeric receptors. Removal of glycosylation sites in the spacer reduced surface expression due to increased shedding of chimeric receptors from the cell surface. Induction of T-cell proliferation by anti-CD3 receptors did not correlate with the expression level of chimeric protein, but rather depended on the physical properties of the spacer. Anti-CD3 receptors effectively induced T-cell cytotoxicity, whereas coexpression with CD80 or CD86 was required for generating T-cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion. Although expression of CD86 did not significantly delay the growth of poorly immunogenic B16-F1 tumors, expression of anti-CD3 receptors with CD86 produced complete tumor rejections in 50% of mice and induced significant protection against wild-type B16-F1 tumor cells. Our results show that spacer domains can dramatically influence the surface expression and the biological activity of chimeric antibody receptors. The strong antitumor activity produced by anti-CD3 receptors and CD86 on tumor cells indicates that this strategy may be beneficial for the gene-mediated therapy of poorly immunogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Wen Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Artificial recombinant receptors may be useful for selectively targeting imaging and therapeutic agents to sites of gene expression. To evaluate this approach, we developed transgenes to express highly on cells a single-chain antibody (scFv) against the hapten 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline-5-one (phOx). A phOx enzyme conjugate was created by covalently attaching phOx molecules to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified beta-glucuronidase. Cells expressing phOx scFv but not control scFv receptors were selectively killed after exposure to ss-glucuronidase derivatized with phOx and PEG (phOx-beta G-PEG) and a glucuronide prodrug (p-hydroxy aniline mustard beta-D-glucuronide, HAMG) of p-hydroxyaniline mustard. Targeted activation of HAMG produced bystander killing of receptor-negative cells in mixed populations containing as few as 10% phOx-receptor-positive cells. Functional phOx scFv receptors were stably expressed on B16-F1 melanoma tumors in vivo. Treatment of mice bearing established phOx-receptor-positive tumors with phOx-beta G-PEG and HAMG significantly (P< or =.0005) suppressed tumor growth as compared with treatment with beta G-PEG and HAMG or prodrug alone. phOx was unstable in the serum, suggesting alternative haptens may be more suitable for in vivo applications. Our results show that therapeutic agents can be targeted to artificial hapten receptors in vitro and in vivo. The expression of artificial receptors on target cells may allow preferential delivery of therapeutic or imaging molecules to sites of transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Lu Cheng
- School of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, and MedicoGenomic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is frequently studied in murine models, in which disease outcome is traditionally assessed by light microscopy. To determine whether digital imaging improves reliability of the histopathologic assessment, and whether flow cytometry is applicable directly on the murine thyroid, we studied 395 CBA/J mice 3 weeks after thyroglobulin immunization, and 192 nonimmunized CBA/J mice. Digital imaging significantly improved reliability of the histopathological assessment (r = 0.988, 95% confidence interval: 0.980-0.992, p < 0.0001), and flow cytometry on the murine thyroid could be performed successfully. We also found that normal thyroids contained a higher than expected number of hematopoietic cells in the interstitium. We suggest that digital imaging offers a better means of estimating disease outcome, and that flow cytometry performed at the target organ levels reflects the autoimmune pathogenesis more closely than when performed on peripheral lymphoid organs. These methods should also be applicable to other organ systems targeted by autoimmune attack, such as heart, exocrine, and other endocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Caturegli
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) has displayed antitumor activity in animal models and clinical trials. We examined whether antitumor immunity is generated during ADEPT by employing an immunoenzyme composed of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) RH1 conjugated to beta-glucuronidase to target rat AS-30D hepatocellular carcinoma tumors. A glucuronide prodrug of p-hydroxyaniline mustard was used to treat malignant ascites after immunoenzyme localization at the cancer cells. ADEPT cured more than 96% of Sprague-Dawley rats bearing advanced malignant ascites, and all cured rats were protected from a lethal challenge of AS-30D cells. Immunization with radiation-killed AS-30D cells or AS-30D cells coated with immunoenzyme did not provide tumor protection. Likewise, ex vivo treatment of tumor cells by ADEPT before injection into rats did not protect against a tumor challenge. AS-30D and N1-S1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells but not unrelated syngeneic tumor cells were lysed by peritoneal exudate cells isolated from ADEPT-cured rats. Depletion of CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells or natural killer (NK) cells reduced the cytolytic activity of peritoneal lymphocytes. ADEPT did not cure tumor-bearing rats depleted of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells even though it was curative when given 7 days after tumor transplantation in rats with an intact immune system, indicating that ADEPT can synergize with host immunity to increase therapeutic efficacy. These results have important implications for the clinical application of ADEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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