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Yao X, Deng Z, Li H, Zhang B. Effect of processing cycles on the composition of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua during nine-steam-nine-bask processing. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Qin X, Xu X, Hou X, Liang R, Chen L, Hao Y, Gao A, Du X, Zhao L, Shi Y, Li Q. The pharmacological properties and corresponding mechanisms of farrerol: a comprehensive review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:9-16. [PMID: 34846222 PMCID: PMC8635655 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2006723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Farrerol, a typical natural flavanone isolated from the traditional Chinese herb 'Man-shan-hong' [Rhododendron dauricum L. (Ericaceae)] with phlegm-reducing and cough-relieving properties, is widely used in China for treating bronchitis and asthma. OBJECTIVE To present the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vasoactive, antitumor, and antimicrobial effects of farrerol and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The literature was reviewed by searching PubMed, Medline, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases between 2011 and May 2021. The following key words were used: 'farrerol,' 'flavanone,' 'anti-inflammatory,' 'antioxidant,' 'vasoactive,' 'antitumor,' 'antimicrobial,' and 'molecular mechanisms'. RESULTS Farrerol showed anti-inflammatory effects mainly mediated via the inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6/8, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α, NF-κB, NO, COX-2, JNK1/2, AKT, PI3K, ERK1/2, p38, Keap-1, and TGF-1β. Farrerol exhibited antioxidant effects by decreasing JNK, MDA, ROS, NOX4, Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, p-p38 MAPK, and GSK-3β levels and enhancing Nrf2, GSH, SOD, GSH-Px, HO-1, NQO1, and p-ERK levels. The vasoactive effects of farrerol were also shown by the reduced α-SMA, NAD(P)H, p-ERK, p-Akt, mTOR, Jak2, Stat3, Bcl-2, and p38 levels, but increased OPN, occludin, ZO-1, eNOS, CaM, IP3R, and PLC levels. The antitumor effects of farrerol were evident from the reduced Bcl-2, Slug, Zeb-1, and vimentin levels but increased p27, ERK1/2, p38, caspase-9, Bax, and E-cadherin levels. Farrerol reduced α-toxin levels and increased NO production and NF-κB activity to impart antibacterial activity. CONCLUSIONS This review article provides a theoretical basis for further studies on farrerol, with a view to develop and utilise farrerol for treating of vascular-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Qin
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- CONTACT Xiaojiang Qin School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangjing Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Hao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Anqi Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xufeng Du
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangyuan Zhao
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Targeted Drugs, School of Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Qingshan Li School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Guo Y, Li Q, Xia R, Cai C. Farrerol exhibits inhibitory effects on lung adenocarcinoma cells by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23157. [PMID: 35833306 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Farrerol is an herbal compound extracted from rhododendron. Here, our study is to investigate biological effects of farrerol on lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) cells. Human LAC cell lines and xenograft mouse model were utilized to define the effects of farrerol on tumor growth. Our findings indicated that farrerol significantly reduced LAC cell viability as well as the colony-forming capacity. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that farrerol contributed to cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, farrerol treatment upregulated proapoptotic molecules (Bak, Bid, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9) and senescence markers (p16 and p2), but downregulated antiapoptosis genes (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) and cell cycle-associated genes (CyclinD1 and CDK4); meanwhile, the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein was attenuated upon pretreatment of LAC cells with farrerol in comparison to untreated control. Further studies indicated that farrerol elevated reactive oxygen species levels, activating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and causing cell apoptosis. However, exposure to farrerol did not result in significant apoptosis in normal lung epithelial cells, suggesting a tumor-specific effect of farrerol on LAC cells. In animal model, farrerol showed a significant inhibitory effect on LAC xenograft tumor growth. And gene expressions in tumor tissues, as mentioned above, were in line with the in vitro results. Taken together, these results suggested that farrerol caused LAC cell apoptosis by activating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, whereas farrerol treatment had no notable effect on normal lung epithelial cells. Farrerol might be an effective therapeutic drug for LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Pneumology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Rongmu Xia
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chuanshu Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Xu J, Zhang X, Huang F, Li G, Leadlay PF. Efophylins A and B, Two C2-Asymmetric Macrodiolide Immunosuppressants from Streptomyces malaysiensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1579-1586. [PMID: 33973788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genomics-inspired isolation led to the identification of two new natural congeneric C2-asymmetric macrodiolide immunosuppressants, named efophylins A (1) and B (2), from Streptomyces malaysiensis DSM 4137. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and computational methods and were in agreement with biosynthetic predictions from the efophylin gene cluster. Compound 2 exhibited potent immunosuppressive activity and demonstrated to inhibit the activation of the NFAT and block NFAT dephosphorylation in vitro. The immunosuppressive activity of compound 2 is possibly at least in part via the CaN/NFAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Xuexia Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Gang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter F Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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Yin J, Ma Y, Liang C, Wang H, Sun Y, Zhang L, Jia Q. A Complete Study of Farrerol Metabolites Produced in Vivo and in Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:E3470. [PMID: 31554336 PMCID: PMC6804004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although farrerol, a characteristically bioactive constituent of Rhododendron dauricum L., exhibits extensive biological and pharmacological activities (e.g., anti-oxidant, anti-immunogenic, and anti-angiogenic) as well as a high drug development potential, its metabolism remains underexplored. Herein, we employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with multiple data post-processing techniques to rapidly identify farrerol metabolites produced in vivo (in rat blood, bile, urine and feces) and in vitro (in rat liver microsomes). As a result, 42 in vivo metabolites and 15 in vitro metabolites were detected, and farrerol shown to mainly undergo oxidation, reduction, (de)methylation, glucose conjugation, glucuronide conjugation, sulfate conjugation, N-acetylation and N-acetylcysteine conjugation. Thus, this work elaborates the metabolic pathways of farrerol and reveals the potential pharmacodynamics forms of farrerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Yinling Ma
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Province General Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
| | - Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
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Gandhi GR, Neta MTSL, Sathiyabama RG, Quintans JDSS, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Araújo AADS, Narain N, Júnior LJQ, Gurgel RQ. Flavonoids as Th1/Th2 cytokines immunomodulators: A systematic review of studies on animal models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 44:74-84. [PMID: 29895495 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are naturally occurring compounds, extensively distributed in plants. T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines balance plays an essential role in the reaction of inflammatory, allergic and infectious processes and transplantation rejection. PURPOSE This systematic review focuses on various classes of flavonoids with a view to evaluate whether Th1/Th2 cytokine-mediated pathways of immunoenhancement could reduce immune overwhelming reactions. METHODS Articles in English published from inception to December 2017 reporting flavonoids with immunomodulatory activity for the management of immune-mediated disorders were acquired from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science and a animal experiments where Th1 and Th2 cytokines were investigated to assess the outcome of immunoregulatory therapy were included. CHAPTERS 1809 publications were identified and 26 were included in this review. Ten articles described the effect of flavonoids on allergic inflammation in an animal model of asthma; eleven in vivo studies evaluated the immunomodulating and immunosuppressive effects of flavonoids on Th1/Th2 cytokines production and five reports described the regulatory role of flavonoids for Th1/Th2 cytokine responses to experimental arthritis and myocarditis. Modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, inhibition of eosinophil accumulation and remodeling of the airways and lungs, downregulation of Notch and PI3K signaling pathways, regulation of CD4 + /CD8 + lymphocytes ratio and decreasing inflammatory mediator expressions levels are among the most important immunopharmacological mechanisms for the retrieved flavonoids. CONCLUSION Naturally occurring flavonoids discussed in the present article have optimal immunomodulation to prevent immune-mediated disorders through management of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil.
| | | | - Rajiv Gandhi Sathiyabama
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Narendra Narain
- Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova, Aracaju 49.100-000 Sergipe, Brazil
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Li B, Chen P, Wang JH, Li L, Gong JL, Yao H. Farrerol overcomes the invasiveness of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of inducers of epithelial mesenchymal transition. Microb Pathog 2018; 131:277. [PMID: 29731224 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has been proposed as a mechanism indispensable to acquisition of metastatic properties by tumor cells. In this study we tested the ability of Farrerol, a Chinese herb-derived compound to ablate the EMT in human lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Human lung squamous cell carcinoma cells, Calu-1 were treated with various concentrations of Farrerol for 24 h to examine its effect on their viability by the MTT assay. Only those concentrations which showed least effect on the viability of Calu-1 cells were further used to evaluate the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by western blotting. Furthermore the effect of such concentrations on the migration and invasion of Calu-1 cells was determined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays respectively. The results demonstrated that Farrerol treatment led to the downregulation of Slug and Zeb-1, transcriptional regulators of EMT with the concomitant increase and decrease in the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin respectively. These data were further supported by migration and invasion assays which demonstrated that Farrerol treatment caused inhibited the migration and invasion of Calu-1 lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Taken together, our results indicate that Farrerol suppresses lung squamous cell carcinoma cell metastatic potential by modulating the expression of EMT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Oncology Surgical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jie-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jin-Lan Gong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Sustained ERK activation-mediated proliferation inhibition of farrerol on human gastric carcinoma cell line by G0/G1-phase cell-cycle arrest. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 25:490-9. [PMID: 26656929 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment is partly limited by chemotherapy-induced vascular toxicity associated with damage to vascular endothelial cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity of farrerol against SGC7901 gastric cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro was investigated along with the underlying mechanisms of its growth-inhibitory effect against SGC7901 cells. MTT assays showed that farrerol inhibited SGC7901 cell growth, but exerted no cytotoxicity against HUVECs. Flow cytometry showed that treatment of SGC7901 cells with farrerol (5, 40, or 160 μmol/l) for 24 h caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting indicated that exposure of SGC7901 cells to farrerol resulted in significant upregulation of p27KIP1 (p27), accompanied by sustained activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK instead of JNK. Farrerol-stimulated p27 expression, p38 MAPK activation, and cell growth inhibition were attenuated by pretreatment with U0126, an MEK1/2 inhibitor. In conclusion, this study indicates the selective cytotoxicity of farrerol against SGC7901 cells, but not HUVECs. Furthermore, it provides the first evidence that farrerol could induce cancer cell growth inhibition by G0/G1-phase cell-cycle arrest mediated by sustained ERK activation. The findings show the potential of farrerol as a chemotherapeutic agent without vascular toxicity for use against gastric cancer.
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Li B, Chen P, Wang JH, Li L, Gong JL, Yao H. Ferrerol overcomes the invasiveness of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of inducers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:171-175. [PMID: 28943152 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has been proposed as a mechanism indispensable to acquisition of metastatic properties by tumor cells. In this study we tested the ability of Ferrerol, a Chinese herb-derived compound to ablate the EMT in human lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Human lung squamous cell carcinoma cells, Calu-1 were treated with various concentrations of Ferrerol for 24 h to examine its effect on their viability by the MTT assay. Only those concentrations which showed least effect on the viability of Calu-1 cells were further used to evaluate the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by western blotting. Furthermore the effect of such concentrations on the migration and invasion of Calu-1 cells was determined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays respectively. The results demonstrated that Ferrerol treatment led to the downregulation of Slug and Zeb-1, transcriptional regulators of EMT with the concomitant increase and decrease in the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin respectively. These data were further supported by migration and invasion assays which demonstrated that Ferrerol treatment caused inhibited the migration and invasion of Calu-1 lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Taken together, our results indicate that Ferrerol suppresses lung squamous cell carcinoma cell metastatic potential by modulating the expression of EMT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Oncology Surgical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jie-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jin-Lan Gong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Su J, He J, Su Z, Zhou L, Zeng Y, Lai X, Li Y. T cell inhibition by pogostone from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth: In vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive analysis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4511-4520. [PMID: 28791344 PMCID: PMC5647011 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various plant-derived compounds exhibit immunosuppressive activity in pre-clinical investigations, suggesting that they may serve as natural alternatives for the prevention of inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. The aim of the current study was to explore the immunosuppressive potential of pogostone (PO) derived from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled cell tracking demonstrated that PO (20–80 µM) inhibited Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, which was mediated by G0/G1 phase arrest and accompanied by significant decreases in the expression of CD69 (early-stage activation marker) and CD25 (mid-stage activation marker) in T cells, as indicated by flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the proliferation blocking ability of PO (5–80 µM) was not associated with cytotoxicity in normal lymphocytes or apoptosis in ConA-stimulated lymphocytes. The inflammatory cytokine profile determination using a cytometric beads assay revealed that PO inhibited release of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 and pro-inflammatory IL-6 from the stimulated lymphocytes. Furthermore, PO (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) ameliorated the T-cell mediated delayed type hypersensitivity response in Balb/c mice by reducing leukocyte infiltration and tissue edema, providing a further validation of the direct immunosuppressive activity of PO. Together, the present data suggest that PO would suppress T cell response via a direct non-cytotoxic inactivation at the early stage, accompanied by regulation of the inflammatory cytokine profile, which highlights clinical implications for treatment of immune-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, P.R. China
| | - Jingjin He
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yaoying Zeng
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 523000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yucui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Taiwanese Neolitsea Species on Th1 and Th2 Functionality. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:3529859. [PMID: 28781969 PMCID: PMC5525079 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3529859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neolitsea species, medicinal plants belonging to Lauraceae, contain rich alkaloids, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and triterpenoids which possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. However, species differences in the immunomodulatory effects and evidence pertaining to the effects of Neolitsea species on adaptive immunity are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of ten Taiwanese Neolitsea plants on T helper (Th) cell functionality, especially Th1 and Th2. Most of the 29 crude extracts of Neolitsea were not toxic to splenocytes, except N. buisanensis roots. N. aciculata and N. villosa leaf extracts possessed differential immunomodulatory effects on Th1/Th2 balance. N. aciculata var. variabillima and N. hiiranensis leaf extracts attenuated both Th1 and Th2 cytokines while N. konishii dramatically suppressed IFN-γ production. As N. aciculata var. variabillima and N. konishii leaf extracts significantly attenuated Th1 functionality, we further evaluated their effects on CD4 cells under CD3/CD28 stimulation. N. aciculata var. variabillima significantly suppressed IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17, demonstrating the broad suppressive effects on T helper cells; N. konishii significantly suppressed IFN-γ and IL-10 production, while the production of IL-17 was not altered. Collectively, these data demonstrated that leaf extracts of Taiwanese Neolitsea species contain phytochemicals with potentials to be developed as selective immunomodulators.
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Piao L, Zang M, Gu Y, Liu B. Development and validation of a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of farrerol in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28493423 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Piao
- Department of Gynecology; the First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Mingcui Zang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery; the First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery; the First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of Emergency; the First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin 130021 China
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Lin S, Liu X, Liu B, Yu Y. Optimization of pine nut (Pinus koraiensis) meal protein peptides on immunocompetence in innate and adaptive immunity response aspects. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1228835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Dai F, Gao L, Zhao Y, Wang C, Xie S. Farrerol inhibited angiogenesis through Akt/mTOR, Erk and Jak2/Stat3 signal pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:686-693. [PMID: 27235707 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farrerol is one of traditional Chinese medicines, isolated from Rhododendron dauricum L. It has been reported that Farrerol exerts multiple biological activities. Angiogenesis is an important drug target for cancer and inflammation therapy, the effect of Farrerol on angiogenesis is unknown. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We aimed to investigate whether Farrerol may have inhibitory effects against angiogenesis. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Two kinds of endothelial cells, named human umbilical vein endothelia cell and human micro vessel endothelial cells, were used to examine the effect and mechanism of Farrerol on angiogenesis. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation, wound healing assay and boyden's chamber assay were used to examine cell migration, Matrigel was used as basement membrane substratum in tube formation assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining assay and trypan blue staining were used to detect cell apoptosis, mouse aortic rings assay was performed as ex vivo assay, the expression of proteins involved in angiogenesis was tested using western blot, the binding of Farrerol to Stat3 was monitored by docking assay, molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA method. RESULTS Farrerol showed an inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelia cell and human micro vessel endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Farrerol induced cell cycle arrest and increased the apoptotic percentage of endothelial cells. Farrerol also suppressed the formation of new micro vessels from mouse aortic rings. Moreover, Farrerol reduced the phosphorylation levels of Erk, Akt, mTOR, Jak2 and Stat3 as well as protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Docking assay, molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA method showed that Farrerol bound to domain of Stat3, Ser613,Gln635, Glu638 and Thr714 are the main residues in Farrerol binding sites with the binding free energy -7.3 ∼ -9.0kcal/mol. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that Farrerol inhibited angiogenesis through down regulation of Akt/mTOR, Erk and Jak2/Stat3 signal pathway. The inhibitory effect of Farrerol on angiogenesis suggested that this compound may be helpful to the angiogenesis-related diseases treatment, such as cancer and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Zhang H, Yan J, Zhuang Y, Han G. Anti-inflammatory effects of farrerol on IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:443-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Wang J, Li J, Li H, Wu X, Gao W. HPLC–ESI–MSn Analysis, Fed-Batch Cultivation Enhances Bioactive Compound Biosynthesis and Immune-Regulative Effect of Adventitious Roots in Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:63-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Fernández Hurst N, Bibolini MJ, Roth GA. Diazepam Inhibits Proliferation of Lymph Node Cells Isolated from Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:293-302. [PMID: 25721617 DOI: 10.1159/000369277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease with similarities to human multiple sclerosis involving peripheral activation of autoreactive T cells which infiltrate the central nervous system and react to self antigens leading to damage. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that treatment with diazepam decreases the incidence and histological signs associated with the disease and diminishes immunological responses. The aim of the present work was to evaluate direct effects of diazepam on isolated T cells involved in immune responses during the development of EAE. METHODS Animals were sensitized with whole myelin to induce EAE and sacrificed during the acute phase of the disease. In mononuclear cells isolated from popliteal lymph nodes, cell viability, apoptosis induction, proliferation and cytokine production were evaluated. RESULTS Diazepam did not have a toxic or proapoptotic effect on the cells, at least up to the concentration of 25 μM, but proliferation, CD8+ T-cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine production were dose-dependently decreased. CONCLUSIONS Diazepam has a direct inhibitory effect on the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes isolated from the main lymphoid organ involved in disease onset and this could be one of the mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effect previously observed with diazepam in vivo during EAE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Fernández Hurst
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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The inhibition of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol on T cell in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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