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Bao-Yuan H, Shu-Ru L, Le-Xin C, Liang-Liang B, Cheng-Cheng L, Chun-Qi X, Ming-Jun L, Jia-Xin Z, En-Xin Z, Xiao-Jun Z. Shikonin ameliorated LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via modulating MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ and macrophage polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156043. [PMID: 39366155 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play a pivotal role in the development and recovery of acute lung injury (ALI), wherein their phenotypic differentiation and metabolic programming are orchestrated by mitochondria. Specifically, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake and may bridge the metabolic reprogramming and functional regulation of immune cells. However, the precise mechanism on macrophages remains elusive. Shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating ALI and suppressing glycolysis in macrophages, yet which mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. PURPOSE This study explored whether Shikonin ameliorated ALI via modulating MCU-mediated mCa2+ and macrophage polarization. METHODS This study firstly examined the protective effects of Shikonin on LPS-induced ALI mice, and investigated whether it is depends on macrophage by depleting macrophage using clodronate liposomes. The regulatory effect of Shikonin on macrophage polarization and mitochondrial MCU/Ca2+ signal was testified on RAW264.7 cells, and further validated by knocking-down MCU expression or by using RU360, an MCU inhibitor. Additionally, the crucial role of MCU in the therapeutic effect of Shikonin, along with its regulation on macrophage polarization was validated in mice with LPS-induced ALI under the intervention of RU360. RESULTS Shikonin alleviated LPS-induced mice ALI, down-regulated inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. Intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes on mice abolished the protective effects of Shikonin on ALI. On RAW264.7 cells, LPS&IFN decreased the protein expression of MCU, while induced pro-inflammatory polarization and glycolytic metabolism. In contrast, Shikonin increased MCU expression, activated MCU-mediated mCa2+ signal, promoted the polarization of macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and driven a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Either knocking-down MCU expression or pharmacological inhibiting MCU by using RU360 mitigated the effects of Shikonin on Raw 264.7 cells. Furthermore, RU360 counteracted the ameliorative effect of Shikonin on ALI mice. CONCLUSION The current data showed that Shikonin alleviated LPS-induced mice ALI by activating mitochondrial MCU/mCa2+ signal and regulating macrophage metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Bao-Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Lingnan Characteristic Hospital Preparation Transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shu-Ru
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Chen Le-Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bai Liang-Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng-Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chun-Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ming-Jun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Jia-Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang En-Xin
- Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhang Xiao-Jun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Guo Y, Zhou M, Mu Z, Guo J, Hou Y, Xu Y, Geng L. Recent advances in shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115138. [PMID: 37454591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, the primary active compound found in the rhizome of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb known as "ZiCao", exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects. This drug has a wide range of uses, including as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer agent. It is also effective in promoting wound healing and treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although shikonin has a wide range of applications, its mechanisms are still not fully understood. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the use of shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases. The article also delves into the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of shikonin and offers insights into the inflammation and immunopathogenesis of related diseases. Overall, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in this field. These findings not only provide significant new information on the effects and mechanisms of shikonin but also establish a foundation for the development of clinical applications in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China.
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Wang X, Wang C, Yang M, Jie W, Fazal A, Fu J, Yin T, Cai J, Liu B, Lu G, Lin H, Han H, Wen Z, Qi J, Yang Y. Genome-Wide Comparison and Functional Characterization of HMGR Gene Family Associated with Shikonin Biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12532. [PMID: 37569907 PMCID: PMC10419935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), as the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, is essential for the biosynthesis of shikonin in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. However, in the absence of sufficient data, the principles of a genome-wide in-depth evolutionary exploration of HMGR family members in plants, as well as key members related to shikonin biosynthesis, remain unidentified. In this study, 124 HMGRs were identified and characterized from 36 representative plants, including L. erythrorhizon. Vascular plants were found to have more HMGR family genes than nonvascular plants. The phylogenetic tree revealed that during lineage and species diversification, the HMGRs evolved independently and intronless LerHMGRs emerged from multi-intron HMGR in land plants. Among them, Pinus tabuliformis and L. erythrorhizon had the most HMGR gene duplications, with 11 LerHMGRs most likely expanded through WGD/segmental and tandem duplications. In seedling roots and M9 cultured cells/hairy roots, where shikonin biosynthesis occurs, LerHMGR1 and LerHMGR2 were expressed significantly more than other genes. The enzymatic activities of LerHMGR1 and LerHMGR2 further supported their roles in catalyzing the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. Our findings provide insight into the molecular evolutionary properties and function of the HMGR family in plants and a basis for the genetic improvement of efficiently produced secondary metabolites in L. erythrorhizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wencai Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Cuadrado I, Oramas-Royo S, González-Cofrade L, Amesty Á, Hortelano S, Estévez-Braun A, de Las Heras B. Labdane conjugates protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:84-95. [PMID: 36401841 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular side effects associated with doxorubicin (DOX), a wide spectrum anticancer drug, have limited its clinical application. Therefore, to explore novel strategies with cardioprotective effects, a series of new labdane conjugates were prepared (6a-6c and 8a-8d) from the natural diterpene labdanodiol (1). These hybrid compounds contain anti-inflammatory privileged structures such as naphthalimide, naphthoquinone, and furanonaphthoquinone. Biological activity of these conjugates against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was tested in vitro and the potential molecular mechanisms of protective effects were explored in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Three compounds 6c, 8a, and 8b significantly improved cardiomyocyte survival, via inhibition of reactive oxygen species-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and autophagy mediated by Akt activation. Some structure-activity relationships were outlined, and the best activity was achieved with the labdane-furonaphthoquinone conjugate 8a having an N-cyclohexyl substituent. The findings of this study pave the way for further investigations to obtain more compounds with potential cardioprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cuadrado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Oramas-Royo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Laura González-Cofrade
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Amesty
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Hortelano
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Las Heras
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Timalsina D, Pokhrel KP, Bhusal D. Pharmacologic Activities of Plant-Derived Natural Products on Respiratory Diseases and Inflammations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1636816. [PMID: 34646882 PMCID: PMC8505070 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1636816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory inflammation is caused by an air-mediated disease induced by polluted air, smoke, bacteria, and viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic is also a kind of respiratory disease, induced by a virus causing a serious effect on the lungs, bronchioles, and pharynges that results in oxygen deficiency. Extensive research has been conducted to find out the potent natural products that help to prevent, treat, and manage respiratory diseases. Traditionally, wider floras were reported to be used, such as Morus alba, Artemisia indica, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, but only some of the potent compounds from some of the plants have been scientifically validated. Plant-derived natural products such as colchicine, zingerone, forsythiaside A, mangiferin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and many other compounds are found to have a promising effect on treating and managing respiratory inflammation. In this review, current clinically approved drugs along with the efficacy and side effects have been studied. The study also focuses on the traditional uses of medicinal plants on reducing respiratory complications and their bioactive phytoconstituents. The pharmacological evidence of lowering respiratory complications by plant-derived natural products has been critically studied with detailed mechanism and action. However, the scientific validation of such compounds requires clinical study and evidence on animal and human models to replace modern commercial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Timalsina
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | | | - Deepti Bhusal
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
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Wang J, Chen Z, Feng X, Yin L. Shikonin ameliorates injury and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated WI-38 cells via modulating the miR-489-3p/MAP2K1 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1775-1784. [PMID: 34089293 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is an inflammatory disease induced by infection with different pathogens. Currently, multiple preclinical studies have revealed that shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, can mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, but its underlying mechanism in pneumonia remains unknown. This research was designed to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of shikonin in LPS-induced cell injury and inflammation in WI-38 cells. In-vitro model of pneumonia was constructed by treating WI-38 cells with LPS. Expression of miR-489-3p and MAP2K1 was tested by RT-qPCR and (or) Western blot analysis. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay. The productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. In the current study, LPS induced WI-38 cell damage by inhibiting cell viability and promoting cell apoptosis and inflammation. Shikonin ameliorated LPS-induced cell injury and elevated miR-489-3p expression. LPS-induced inflammatory injury was further mitigated by upregulation of miR-489-3p. In addition, MAP2K1, the target of miR-489-3p, was upregulated by LPS. Furthermore, upregulation of MAP2K1 reversed the influence of shikonin and miR-489-3p mimics on LPS-induced cell injury and inflammation. This study revealed that shikonin protected WI-38 cells against LPS-induced cell injury and inflammatory response by regulating the miR-489-3p/MAP2K1 axis, thus affecting the progression of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health vocational college, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhujing Chen
- Department of Outpatient, Jurong People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojing Feng
- Department of Comprehensive ICU, Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang 471009, Henan, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Comprehensive ICU, Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang 471009, Henan, China
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Kumar A, Shashni S, Kumar P, Pant D, Singh A, Verma RK. Phytochemical constituents, distributions and traditional usages of Arnebia euchroma: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113896. [PMID: 33524510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study has indicated phytochemical composition, distribution and ethno-medicinal uses of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M. Johnst, which is commonly known as "Ratanjot" in the Indian subcontinent. It has widely been used in the traditional systems of the Unani, Ayurvedic and Chinese medicines recipes due to its anti-fungal and anti-microbial properties. Instead, the gap of earlier studies is well defined that will be helpful for researchers to carry out more analysis and increase medicinal importance of this plant. AIM OF STUDY The main aim of this review study is to demonstrate the phytochemical composition and traditional ethno-medicinal uses of A. euchroma all over the world. Earlier studies related to this plant have been discussed in the present study and on that basis, future perspective of A. euchroma is also proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information of A. euchroma has been gathered from various electronic database, reference books and available literature. RESULTS The study has indicated that Arnebia euchroma owing to anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties is used in the traditional medicines and pharmaceutical industries for the treatment of hair problems, remitting, chronic diseases, burnt limbs, cough and cold, etc., and besides as a vegetable colorant and dyeing of cloths. The important phytochemical constituents viz., shikonin, acetyl-shikonin, iso-butyryl-shikonin, β,β-di-methylacryl-shikonin, isovaleryl-shikonin, β-hydroxy-isovaleryl-shikonin, deoxy-shikonin, isobutyl-shikonin, arnebinone, arnebin-7, stigmasterol, etc., isolated from the roots of Arnebia euchroma are used for curing various harmful diseases. CONCLUSIONS The earlier studies have confirmed that Arnebia euchroma is having wound healing, anti-microbial and anti-bacterial properties and thus used for the treatment of several diseases. Although, a little works is done on the experimental study regarding anti-HIV, anti-cancer diseases, etc., so there is a requirement of more exploration via analytical studies on phytochemical compounds to treat such diseases. Moreover, the information of its clinical and pharmacokinetics uses is also limited. Therefore, further research is needed to understand bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of this species. In-situ and ex-situ conservations for the management of this endangered species are also lacking in the Himalayan perspective. Such studies will emphasize to explore the possibilities for its conservation and development of agro-technological protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaganti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India; G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Himachal Regional Centre Mohal, Kullu, 175126, India.
| | - Sarla Shashni
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Himachal Regional Centre Mohal, Kullu, 175126, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Raj Kumar Verma
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaganti, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171013, India
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He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, Gravandi MM, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Interventions Against Coronavirus-Associated Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588467. [PMID: 33658931 PMCID: PMC7919380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, millions of people have been infected and died worldwide. However, no drug has been approved for the treatment of this disease and its complications, which urges the need for finding novel therapeutic agents to combat. Among the complications due to COVID-19, lung injury has attained special attention. Besides, phytochemicals have shown prominent anti-inflammatory effects and thus possess significant effects in reducing lung injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Also, the prevailing evidence reveales the antiviral effects of those phytochemicals, including anti-SARS-CoV activity, which could pave the road in providing suitable lead compounds in the treatment of COVID-19. In the present study, candidate phytochemicals and related mechanisms of action have been shown in the treatment/protection of lung injuries induced by various methods. In terms of pharmacological mechanism, phytochemicals have shown potential inhibitory effects on inflammatory and oxidative pathways/mediators, involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury during COVID-19 infection. Also, a brief overview of phytochemicals with anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Narges Kiyani
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Katrina Stage
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento De Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad De Química y Biología, Universidad De Santiago De Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Chen Y, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Xia C, Yang M, Hu X. Shikonin relieves osteoporosis of ovariectomized mice by inhibiting RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFAT pathways. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112115. [PMID: 32473224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is very common in women. Currently, many kinds of new drugs are being developed for this disease. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is closely related to overactivity of osteoclasts in body. Shikonin is purple red naphthoquinone pigment extracted from lithospermum, which has anti-inflammation, antivirus, anticancer and other bioactivities. At the same time, it has been proved that shikonin can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, but its influence on osteoclasts and molecular mechanism are unknown. Our study showed that shikonin could inhibit the activity and formation of RANKL-mediated osteoclasts depending on dose without affecting the activity of bone marrow macrophages (BMM). In addition, we have also found that shikonin can inhibit the expression of specific marker gene of osteoclasts, including nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), cathepsin K (Ctsk), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) and calcitonin receptor. Shikonin also could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1, increasing the expression of mRNA related to osteogenesis, like the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN). Luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis further indicated that shikonin could inhibit the activity of RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFAT receptors. Moreover, shikonin can also slow down bone loss of ovariectomized (OVX) mice by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. This work explains the molecular mechanism of shikonin in RANKL-mediated formation of osteoclasts, and reveals the potential of further developing shikonin into a new drug for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Second Spinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Zhong Xie
- Second Spinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Second Spinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Chao Xia
- Second Spinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Second Spinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Xiongke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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11
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Zhang X, Li J, Yu Y, Lian P, Gao X, Xu Y, Geng L. Shikonin Controls the Differentiation of CD4 +CD25 + Regulatory T Cells by Inhibiting AKT/mTOR Pathway. Inflammation 2020; 42:1215-1227. [PMID: 31028576 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain the function of immune tolerance and the balance of immune cells. Defects in the number and function of Treg cells can induce the development and progression of inflammatory disease. Shikonin, the main active ingredient of Lithospermum, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Shikonin is also an effective drug for the treatment of psoriasis, which is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. To evaluate the role of shikonin on the induction of Treg cells, we tested the number and function of Treg cells in vivo and in vitro. Shikonin can effectively promote the differentiation of iTreg cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro. Moreover, in vivo, intragastrically administered shikonin effectively improved lesions in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis and increased the number of iTreg cells in the spleen and their secretion. Shikonin significantly increases the expression of Foxp3mRNA in skin of the psorisic mice. Therefore, we expect that shikonin can prevent the development of inflammation and treat psoriasis by regulating iTreg cells. Novel ideas for the treatment of psoriasis are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Peng Lian
- Jinzhou City Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center, Jinzhou, 120001, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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12
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Mollaei S, Khanehbarndaz O, Gerami-Khashal Z, Ebadi M. Molecular identification and phytochemical screening of endophytic fungi isolated from Lithospermum officinale L. roots: A new source of shikonin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 168:112116. [PMID: 31513947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms located in the inter- or intracellular compartments of plant tissues but with no harmful effects. They are considered a potential source of biological compounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from the roots of Lithospermum officinale and their potential production of shikonin. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and the isolates were classified into five genera as follows: Alternaria, Chaetosphaeronema, Fusarium, Mucor, and Trichoderma. The study on the methanol extracts of endophytic fungi indicated that total polyphenol content had a positive relationship with antioxidant activities and the highest antioxidant activity belonged to the methanol extracts of Fusarium tricinctum and Alternaria altenata. Then, to investigate the ability of the fungal isolates to produce shikonin, a naphthoquinone compound with high biological activity, the extracts were subjected to HPLC. The results obtained from HPLC-mass spectrometry showed that shikonin could be produced only by F. tricinctum. Thus, F. tricinctum isolated from the roots of L. officinale can be presented as a new source of shikonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mollaei
- Phytochemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Omid Khanehbarndaz
- Phytochemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Gerami-Khashal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
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13
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An overview of microtubule targeting agents for cancer therapy. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:160-172. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The entire world is looking for effective cancer therapies whose benefits would outweigh their toxicity. One way to reduce resistance to chemotherapy and its adverse effects is the so called targeted therapy, which targets specific molecules (“molecular targets”) that play a critical role in cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. One such specific target are microtubules. In this review we address the current knowledge about microtubule-targeting agents or drugs (MTAs/MTDs) used in cancer therapy from their synthesis to toxicities. Synthetic and natural MTAs exhibit antitumor activity, and preclinical and clinical studies have shown that their anticancer effectiveness is higher than that of traditional drug therapies. Furthermore, MTAs involve a lower risk of adverse effects such as neurotoxicity and haemotoxicity. Several new generation MTAs are currently being evaluated for clinical use. This review brings updated information on the benefits of MTAs, therapeutic approaches, advantages, and challenges in their research.
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14
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Liu T, Zhang P, Ling Y, Hu G, Gu J, Yang H, Wei J, Wang A, Jin H. Protective Effect of Colla corii asini against Lung Injuries Induced by Intratracheal Instillation of Artificial Fine Particles in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010055. [PMID: 30583600 PMCID: PMC6337124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental issues pose huge threats to public health, particularly the damage caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, the mechanisms of injury require further investigation and medical materials that can protect the lungs from PM2.5 are needed. We have found that Colla corii asini, a traditional Chinese medicine that has long been used to treat various ailments, is a good candidate to serve this purpose. To understand the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced lung toxicity and the protective effects of Colla corii asini, we established a rat model of lung injury via intratracheal instillation of artificial PM2.5 (aPM2.5). Our results demonstrated that Colla corii asini significantly protected against lung function decline and pathologic changes. Inflammation was ameliorated by suppression of Arg-1 to adjust the disturbed metabolic pathways induced by aPM2.5, such as arginine and nitrogen metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, for 11 weeks. Our work found that metabolomics was a useful tool that contributed to further understanding of PM2.5-induced respiratory system damage and provided useful information for further pharmacological research on Colla corii asini, which may be valuable for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Piaopiao Zhang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yahao Ling
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guang Hu
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jianjun Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong 252299, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Aiping Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
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15
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Sun Z, Li Q, Hou R, Sun H, Tang Q, Wang H, Hao Z, Kang S, Xu T, Wu S. Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside inhibits inflammatory responses via MAPK and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 364:22-28. [PMID: 30528763 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe infections including pneumonia and sepsis and treatments are complicated by increased levels of antibiotic resistance. We have identified a flavonoid kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside derived from the plant Thesium chinense Turcz that possessed potent anti-inflammatory effects in K. pneumoniae infected mice. Administration of kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside before bacterial challenge effectively suppressed expression of the major inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and PGE2 and ameliorated lung edema. In addition, administration of this compound to cultured RAW macrophages or Balb/c mice resulted in the suppression of NFκB and MAP kinase phosphorylation indicating an inhibitory effect on inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside also decreased ROS levels and overall oxidative stress in lungs and in cultured cells generated by K. pneumoniae exposure. Taken together, kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside is a potent anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo and is a promising therapeutic agent for treating K. pneumoniae infections in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojian Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiu Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ranran Hou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qihe Tang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Songyao Kang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianli Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Alkannin protects human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from LPS-induced inflammatory injury by regulation of microRNA-210. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1679-1685. [PMID: 30372870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a fatal complication induced by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As the current therapeutic approaches for LN are not a permanent cure, we studied the potential therapeutic effects of alkannin (ALK) on LPS-treated human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells), aiming to find novel therapeutic drugs for LN treatment. METHODS Cell viability, apoptotic cells, expression of p53 and proteins associated with apoptosis, and release of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-treated HK-2 cells were measured by using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR/ELISA, respectively. Effects of ALK on LPS-treated HK-2 cells were evaluated, and miR-210 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Afterwards, whether ALK affected LPS-treated cells via regulating miR-210 was verified, and the involvements of the NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways were finally studied using Western blot analysis. RESULTS LPS-induced decrease of cell viability, increase of apoptosis, and release of IL-6 and TNF-α were attenuated by ALK treatment. We found miR-210 level in LPS-treated cells was elevated by ALK, and miR-210 inhibition could effectively reverse the effects of ALK on LPS-treated cells. Moreover, we found the phosphorylation levels of key kinases in the NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways were reduced by ALK via up-regulating miR-210 in LPS-treated cells. CONCLUSION ALK attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory injury in HK-2 cells possibly through up-regulating miR-210. The LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways was attenuated by ALK via regulation of miR-210.
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17
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Shan J, Qian W, Kang A, Peng L, Xie T, Lin L, Di L, Xiao P, Zhou W. Lipid profile perturbations in the plasma and lungs of mice with LPS-induced acute lung injury revealed by UHPLC-ESI-Q Exactive HF MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:242-248. [PMID: 30268025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An UHPLC-ESI-Q Exactive HF MS-based lipidomics method was successfully applied to profile various lipids from the plasma and lungs of mice intranasally challenged with lipopolysaccaride (LPS). Response trends of lipids to LPS were graphically represented by variable importance in projection (VIP) plot, heat map, and bar plot. As a result, 77 differential lipids in the lung and 13 differential lipids in the plasma were identified by comparison between healthy and LPS- induced mice. These results revealed the correlation between inflammation and lipids metabolism. The differentially regulated lipids could also be potentially used as biomarkers for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - An Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Linxiu Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liuqing Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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18
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Yen CH, Chiu HF, Huang SY, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Beneficial effect of Burdock complex on asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Helicobacter 2018. [PMID: 29520881 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burdock complex (BC) constitutes of burdock (Arctium lappa), angelica (Angelica sinensis), gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, which are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating various disorders. This study intended to examine the anti-H. pylori activity of BC on AGS cell model as well as in asymptomatic H. pylori-infected subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGS cell incubated with H. pylori and treated with BC to evaluate the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), cell viability (MTT) anti-adhesion activity, and inflammatory markers. In case of clinical trial, H. pylori-positive subjects (urea breath test [UBT] >10%, n = 36) were enrolled and requested to intake BC (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17) for 8 weeks. Antioxidant capacity, total phenol, UBT, inflammatory markers were analyzed at the initial, 4th, 8th, and 10th weeks. Moreover, the endoscopic examination was carried out on baseline and 10th week. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that BC treatment significantly inhibited (P < .05) the inflammatory markers and adhesion of H. pylori to AGS cell. However, H. pylori-infected subject ingested with BC for 8 weeks significantly decreased (P < .05) the UBT value, inflammatory markers with improved antioxidant activity, and phenolic levels as compared to placebo. Also, consumption of BC considerably healed the ulcer wound. CONCLUSION Overall, the BC could attenuate H. pylori infection by inhibiting H. pylori adhesion and subsequent inflammatory response on the gastric epithelial cell (AGS) as well as clinically ameliorated UBT, antioxidant capacity, and alleviated inflammation to display its anti-H. pylori activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yu Huang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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19
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Pan Z, Ge X, Sun C, Lu C, Chen H, Xiao Z, Zhang B, Dai Y, Liang G. Shikonin inhibits myeloid differentiation protein 2 to prevent LPS-induced acute lung injury. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:840-854. [PMID: 29243243 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a challenging clinical syndrome, which manifests as an acute inflammatory response. Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) has an important role in mediating LPS-induced inflammation. Currently, there are no effective molecular-based therapies for ALI or viable biomarkers for predicting the severity of disease. Recent preclinical studies have shown that shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, prevents LPS-induced inflammation. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The binding affinity of shikonin to MD2 was analysed using computer docking, surface plasmon resonance analysis and elisa. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of shikonin were investigated through elisa, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation assay. In vivo, lung injury was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS and assessed by changes in the histopathological and inflammatory markers. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by immunoprecipitation in lung tissue. KEY RESULTS Shikonin directly bound to MD2 and interfered with the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by LPS. In cultured macrophages, shikonin inhibited TLR4 signalling and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These effects were produced through suppression of key signalling proteins including the NF-κB and the MAPK pathway. We also showed that shikonin inhibits MD2-TLR4 complex formation and reduces LPS-induced inflammatory responses in a mouse model of ALI. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our studies have uncovered the mechanism underlying the biological activity of shikonin in ALI and suggest that the targeting of MD2 may prove to be beneficial as a treatment option for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheer Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangting Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxiang Xiao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Gao D, Jing S, Zhang Q, Wu G. Pterostilbene protects against acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury and inhibits oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and inflammation in rats via the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1029-1035. [PMID: 29403551 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that pterostilbene (Pter) prevents oxidative stress, suppresses cell growth and exhibits anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects. Pter is used to treat a number of clinical diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, various malignancies and hypercholesteremia. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Pter protects against acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and inhibits oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and inflammation in rats. A total of 40 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the following 5 groups at random: Control group, where rats were not subjected to renal IRI; IRI group, where rats were subjected to renal IRI; Pter 10 group, where rats underwent renal IRI and were treated with 10 mg/kg Pter; Pter 20 group, where rats underwent renal IRI and were treated with 20 mg/kg Pter; Pter 30 group, where rats underwent renal IRI and were treated with 30 mg/kg Pter. The results demonstrated that Pter treatment improved renal function following acute renal IRI. Compared with the untreated renal IRI group, myeloperoxidase, iNOS, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01), whereas IL-10 expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) following treatment with Pter in acute renal IRI rats. In addition, Pter significantly attenuated caspase-3 activity and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway induced by acute renal IRI (P<0.01). These results provide evidence to suggest that administration of Pter may protect against acute renal IRI and inhibit oxidative stress, iNOS expression and inflammation in rats via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Sanhui Jing
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ge Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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21
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Wu C, Zhao J, Zhu G, Huang Y, Jin L. SiRNA directed against NF‑κB inhibits mononuclear macrophage cells releasing proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9060-9066. [PMID: 28990087 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a condition of acute respiratory failure, characterized by diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia. During ALI, the acute phase of inflammation induces the recruitment of activated inflammatory cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, to the damaged lesions. Nuclear factor (NF)‑κB is a key protein in many signal transduction pathways, over‑activation of which is followed by an approach of inflammation cells and release of pre‑inflammation cytokines. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of NF‑κB P65 siRNA retroviruses on the activation of NF‑κB signaling pathway and release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines in THP‑1 cells. In the present study, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the NF‑κB p65 mRNA and protein expression at different times in THP‑1 cells infected by p65 siRNA retroviruses. The results revealed that p65 siRNA retroviruses could significantly inhibit the expression levels of NF‑κB p65 mRNA and protein at different times. In addition, to further investigate the effect of p65 siRNA retroviruses on the pro‑inflammatory cytokines release stimulated by LPS, the expression of IL‑1β in THP‑1 cells and TNF‑α in THP‑1/M cells was also detected using RT‑qPCR and ELISA. As a result, the level of released proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‑1β and tumor necrosis factor‑α stimulated was significantly inhibited at different times infected by p65 siRNA retroviruses, while increased at different times infected by siControl retroviruses in THP‑1 and THP‑1/M cells stimulated by LPS. In summary, the present study demonstrated that p65 siRNA retroviruses could suppress the activation of NF‑κB signal pathway and release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines in THP‑1 cells which provided a clinically plausible method to inhibit the inflammation for ALI/ARDS utilizing RNA interference technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Guangfa Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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22
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Yang J, Wang Z, Chen DL. Shikonin ameliorates isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial damage through suppressing fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis and ER stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1343-1357. [PMID: 28753907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, isolated from the roots of herbal plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon, is a naphthoquinone. It has been reported to exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and anti-oxidant properties in various diseases. Isoproterenol (ISO) has been widely used to establish cardiac injury in vivo and in vitro. However, shikonin function in ISO-induced cardiac injury remains uncertain. In our study, we attempted to investigate the efficiency and possible molecular mechanism of shikonin in cardiac injury treatment induced by ISO. In vivo, C57BL6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 5mg/kg ISO to induce heart failure. And mice were given a gavage of shikonin (2 or 4mg/kg/d, for four weeks). Cardiac function, fibrosis indices, inflammation response, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were calculated. Pathological alterations, fibrosis-, inflammation-, apoptosis- and ER stress-related molecules were examined. In ISO-induced cardiac injury, shikonin significantly ameliorated heart function, decreased myocardial fibrosis, suppressed inflammation, attenuated apoptosis and ER stress through impeding collagen accumulation, Toll like receptor 4/nuclear transcription factor κB (TLR4/NF-κB), Caspase-3 and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) signaling pathways activity, relieving heart failure in vivo. Also, in vitro, shikonin attenuated ISO-induced cardiac muscle cells by reducing fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis and ER stress. Our findings indicated that shikonin treatment attenuated ISO-induced heart injury, providing an effective therapeutic strategy for heart failure treatment for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Dong-Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Qujing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 8 Jiaotong Road, Qujing 655000, China.
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23
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li Q, Jiao H, Chong D, Sun X, Zhang P, Huo Q, Liu H. Shikonin induces necroptosis by reactive oxygen species activation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:265-272. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Wang TY, Zhou QL, Li M, Shang YX. Shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling by inhibiting the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:169-179. [PMID: 28521243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and has been reported to suppress allergic airway inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear and need to be further elucidated. In this study, shikonin (0.5, 2 or 4mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice. We found that the pathological airway remodeling of asthmatic mice was alleviated by shikonin, and the infiltrated inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in their lungs were reduced. Furthermore, the abnormal activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and the elevation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the lung of asthmatic mice were suppressed by shikonin. The inactivation of NF-κB by shikonin was at least in part via inhibiting IκBα activation. In vitro, the treatment of shikonin inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation of primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and induced a G0/G1 arrest in these cells. In addition, ASMCs exposed to PDGF acquired an enhanced migratory ability, and the activities of MMP9 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and expression of MMP9 of these cells were significantly up-regulated. These PDGF-induced alterations were also inhibited by shikonin. The inhibitory effects of shikonin on the proliferation and migration of ASMCs were comparable to pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, the present study sheds lights on how shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yue Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Lan Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Hu Y, Tao L, Tan H, Zhang M, Shimizu K, Zhang F, Zhang C. An Active Drimane-Type Lactone from Polygonum jucundum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through TLR4-MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2017; 40:1204-1213. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Palmatine inhibits TRIF-dependent NF-κB pathway against inflammation induced by LPS in goat endometrial epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Liao PL, Lin CH, Li CH, Tsai CH, Ho JD, Chiou GCY, Kang JJ, Cheng YW. Anti-inflammatory properties of shikonin contribute to improved early-stage diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44985. [PMID: 28322323 PMCID: PMC5359562 DOI: 10.1038/srep44985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, leads to retinal vascular leakage, neuronal dysfunction, and apoptosis within the retina. In this study, we combined STZ with whole-body hypoxia (10% O2) for quicker induction of early-stage retinopathy in C57BL/6 mice. We also compared the effects of a high glucose condition combined with hypoxia (1% O2) to a low glucose condition by using retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are a crucial component of the outer blood-retinal barrier and the damage is related to retinopathy. In the retina of DM/hypoxic C57BL/6 mice, abnormal a-wave and b-wave activity, yellowish-white spots, hyperfluorescence, and reduced retinal thickness were found using electroretinography (ERG), fundus photography (FP), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Shikonin dose-dependently (0.5–50 mg/kg, per os) prevented DM/hypoxia-induced lesions. In eye tissue, administration of shikonin also attenuated DM/hypoxia-induced pre-apoptotic protein BAX expression as well as the production of inflammatory proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We also demonstrated that shikonin administration rescues high glucose/hypoxia (1% O2)-induced inflammation, decreased junction protein expression, and permeability in RPE cells. These results indicate that shikonin treatment may prevent the loss of vision associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - George C Y Chiou
- Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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28
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Shikonin Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Inflammation 2017; 39:1124-9. [PMID: 27072015 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin, which is derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a herb used in traditional medicine, has long been considered to be a useful treatment for various diseases in traditional oriental medicine. Shikonin has recently been reported to have several pharmacological properties, e.g., it has anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether shikonin is able to influence the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and/or chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL)20, which contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). The production levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 in HPDLC were determined using an ELISA. Western blot analysis was used to detect nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation in HPDLC. Shikonin prevented IL-1β- or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 production in HPDLC. Moreover, we found that shikonin suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (IκB-α) in IL-1β- or TNF-α-stimulated HPDLC. These findings suggest that shikonin could have direct beneficial effects against periodontal disease by reducing IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 production in periodontal lesions.
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29
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Qiu HY, Wang F, Wang X, Sun WX, Qi JL, Pang YJ, Yang RW, Lu GH, Wang XM, Yang YH. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Chalcone-Containing Shikonin Derivatives as Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:399-406. [PMID: 28211616 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biological importance of microtubules in mitosis makes them an interesting target for the development of anticancer agents. In this study, a series of novel chalcone-containing shikonin derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activities. Among them, derivative PMMB-259 [(R)-1-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl (E)-2-(4-(3-oxo-3-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)acetate] was identified as a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Further investigation confirmed that PMMB-259 can induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis, reduce the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and arrest the cell cycle at the G2 /M phase. Moreover, the morphological variation of treated cells was visualized by confocal microscopy. The results, along with docking simulations, further indicated that PMMB-259 can bind well to tubulin at the colchicine site. Overall, these studies may provide a new molecular scaffold for the further development of antitumor agents that target tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wen-Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan-Jun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305
| | - Rong-Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305
| | - Gui-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China), Fax: (86) 25-8968-6305.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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30
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Koike A, Shibano M, Mori H, Kohama K, Fujimori K, Amano F. Simultaneous Addition of Shikonin and Its Derivatives with Lipopolysaccharide Induces Rapid Macrophage Death. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:969-76. [PMID: 27251498 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play pivotal roles in inflammatory responses. Previous studies showed that various natural products exert antiinflammatory effects by regulating macrophage activation. Recent studies have shown that shikonin (SHK) and its derivatives (β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin, acetylshikonin, and isobutylshikonin), which are 1,4-naphthoquinone pigments extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, have various pharmacological, including antiinflammatory and antitumor, effects. Even though there have been many studies on the antiinflammatory activities of SHK derivatives, only a few have described their direct effects on macrophages. We investigated the effects of SHK derivatives on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. Low doses of SHK derivatives induced significant macrophage cytotoxicity (mouse macrophage-like J774.1/JA-4 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages) in the presence of LPS. SHK activated caspases-3 and -7, which led to DNA fragmentation, but this cytotoxicity was prevented through a pan-caspase inhibitor in LPS-treated JA-4 cells. Maximal cytotoxic effects were achieved when SHK was added immediately before LPS addition. These results indicate that SHK derivatives induce caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death of LPS-treated macrophages and suggest that SHK acts during an early stage of LPS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Koike
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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31
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Shikonin inhibits TNF-α production through suppressing PKC-NF-κB-dependent decrease of IL-10 in rheumatoid arthritis-like cell model. J Nat Med 2016; 71:349-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Jeung YJ, Kim HG, Ahn J, Lee HJ, Lee SB, Won M, Jung CR, Im JY, Kim BK, Park SK, Son MJ, Chung KS. Shikonin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via activation of FOXO3a/EGR1/SIRT1 signaling antagonized by p300. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2584-2593. [PMID: 27452907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin derivatives exert powerful cytotoxic effects including induction of apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate the cytotoxic efficacy of shikonin in vivo in xenograft models, which did not affect body weight as well as its reduction of cell viability in vitro using several non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. We found that inhibition of AKT by shikonin activated the forkhead box (FOX)O3a/early growth response protein (EGR)1 signaling cascade and enhanced the expression of the target gene Bim, leading to apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Overexpression of wild-type or a constitutively active mutant of FOXO3a enhanced shikonin-induced Bim expression. The NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT)1 amplified the pro-apoptotic effect by deacetylating FOXO3a, which induced EGR1 binding to the Bim promoter and activated Bim expression. Meanwhile, PI3K/AKT activity was enhanced, whereas that of FOXO3a was reduced and p300 was upregulated by treatment with a sublethal dose of shikonin. FOXO3a acetylation was enhanced by p300 overexpression, while shikonin-induced Bim expression was suppressed by p300 overexpression, which promoted cell survival. FOXO3a acetylation was increased by p300 overexpression and treatment with SIRT1 inhibitor, improving cell survival. In addition, shikonin-induced FOXO3a nuclear localization was blocked by AKT activation and SIRT1 inhibition, which blocked Bim expression and conferred resistance to the cytotoxic effects of shikonin. The EGR1 increase induced by shikonin was restored by pretreatment with SIRT1 inhibitor. These results suggest that shikonin induces apoptosis in some lung cancer cells via activation of FOXO3a/EGR1/SIRT1 signaling, and that AKT and p300 negatively regulate this process via Bim upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ji Jeung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyeul Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Bhom Lee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Won
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rock Jung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Im
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kiel Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Hu W, Wu L, Qiang Q, Ji L, Wang X, Luo H, Wu H, Jiang Y, Wang G, Shen T. The dichloromethane fraction from Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. leaves exerts an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:134-143. [PMID: 27167461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mahonia bealei has a long history of medical use in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases. Despite numerous phytochemical and pharmacological studies, there is a lack of systematic studies to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the dichloromethane fraction from M. bealei leaves (MBL-CH). MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of MBL-CH for 30min prior to treatment with 1μg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and subsequent production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were investigated. Furthermore, the in vivo mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was employed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of MBL-CH. RESULTS Pre-treatment with MBL-CH significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated secretion of NO, PGE2, and TNF-α into the culture medium, as well as the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF-α, which were associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation of IκBα, Akt, and PI3K and inhibition of the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that MBL-CH attenuated LPS-stimulated lung inflammation in mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicate that MBL-CH attenuates LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in macrophages by blocking NF-κB activation through interference with activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing scientific evidence that the plant can be employed in traditional remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Qiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Lilian Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Gongcheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Ting Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
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Abstract
This review embarks upon a cell death journey from the discovery of apoptosis and necrosis through to the coalescence of these: necroptosis. The mechanisms of 2 emerging necrotic cell death pathways, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, will be explored before delving into apoptotic and necroptotic signaling cascades, highlighting the complex interplay between molecular players. The involvement of the ripoptosome, interferon signaling and DNA damage in necroptosis will be discussed briefly. The major focus is on necroptosis initiation by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and its cognate receptor TNFR1, caspase-independent RIP1/RIP3/MLKL necrosome activation and cell death propagation by damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) release. Finally, the implications of a complex cell death signaling network will be revealed in the context of cancer biology and therapy. The clinical contribution of the discovery of necroptosis as an unequivocally new way of dying is monumental and could drastically alter cancer therapy strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Hanson
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
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Gao XJ, Guo MY, Zhang ZC, Wang TC, Cao YG, Zhang NS. Bergenin Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role via the Modulation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in a Mouse Model of LPS-Induced Mastitis. Inflammation 2016; 38:1142-50. [PMID: 25487780 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a major disease in humans and other animals and is characterized by mammary gland inflammation. It is a major disease of the dairy industry. Bergenin is an active constituent of the plants of genus Bergenia. Research indicates that bergenin has multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of bergenin on the mammary glands during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis. In this study, mice were treated with LPS to induce mammary gland mastitis as a model for the disease. Bergenin treatment was initiated after LPS stimulation for 24 h. The results indicated that bergenin attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased the concentration of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which were increased in LPS-induced mouse mastitis. Furthermore, bergenin downregulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway proteins in mammary glands with mastitis. In conclusion, bergenin reduced the expression of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways, and it may represent a novel treatment strategy for mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-jiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China
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Xu X, Liu N, Zhang YX, Cao J, Wu D, Peng Q, Wang HB, Sun WC. The Protective Effects of HJB-1, a Derivative of 17-Hydroxy-Jolkinolide B, on LPS-Induced Acute Distress Respiratory Syndrome Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:77. [PMID: 26760995 PMCID: PMC6273719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),which is inflammatory disorder of the lung, which is caused by pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, trauma and sepsis, results in widespread lung inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability. Its pathogenesis is complicated and the mortality is high. Thus, there is a tremendous need for new therapies. We have reported that HJB-1, a 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B derivative, exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In this study, we investigated its impacts on LPS-induced ARDS mice. We found that HJB-1 significantly alleviated LPS-induced pulmonary histological alterations, inflammatory cells infiltration, lung edema, as well as the generation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF. In addition, HJB-1 markedly suppressed LPS-induced IκB-α degradation, nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p65 subunit and MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggested that HJB-1 improved LPS-induced ARDS by suppressing LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jinjin Cao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Donglin Wu
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wan-Chun Sun
- Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Shikonin Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts via lncRNA-NR024118. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:631737. [PMID: 26640499 PMCID: PMC4657066 DOI: 10.1155/2015/631737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Shikonin is a major chemical component of zicao that possesses anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to mediate cellular and humoral immunity, especially in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the impact of shikonin on inflammatory response in RA synovial fibroblasts using the CAIA model. Methods. Severe polyarticular arthritis was induced in Balb/c female mice. Expressions of lncRNA-NR024118, SOCS3, proinflammatory cytokines, and MMPs were evaluated using RT-RCR. Histone acetylation and SOCS3 protein expression were assessed by ChIP assay and western blot, respectively. Results. Mice treated with shikonin showed an abrogation of soft tissue and bone lesions. Shikonin remarkably enhanced the expression of NR024118 and SOCS3 and suppressed the secretion and expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MMPs. Proliferation of cultured RA synovial fibroblasts in the presence of IL-1β was also significantly inhibited by shikonin. Moreover, shikonin dose-dependently increased acetylation of histone H3 at the promoter of NR024118. Finally, NR024118 overexpression and interference significantly changed SOCS3 expression and NR024118 interference could reverse regulation of shikonin on SOCS3, proinflammatory cytokines, and MMPs expression level in MH7A cells. Conclusion. Our results reveal that, in the CAIA mouse model of RA, shikonin has disease modifying activity that is attributable to the inhibition of inflammatory response via lncRNA-NR024118.
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Qi T, Xu F, Yan X, Li S, Li H. Sulforaphane exerts anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:182-8. [PMID: 26531002 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-methyl sulfonyl butane) is a plant extract (obtained from cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage) and is known to exert anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It stimulates the generation of human or animal cells, which is beneficial to the body. The aim of the current study was to determine whether sulforaphane protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced acute lung injury (ALI) through its anti-inflammatory effects, and to investigate the signaling pathways involved. For this purpose, male BALB/c mice were treated with sulforaphane (50 mg/kg) and 3 days later, ALI was induced by the administration of LPS (5 mg/kg) and we thus established the model of ALI. Our results revealed that sulforaphane significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (as shown by LDH assay), the wet-to-dry ratio of the lungs and the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (measured by ELISA), as well as nuclear factor-κB protein expression in mice with LPS-induced ALI. Moreover, treatment with sulforaphane significantly inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein expression (as shown by western blot analysis), as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in mice with LPS-induced ALI. Lastly, we noted that pre-treatment with sulforaphane activated the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in the mice with LPS-induced ALI. These findings demonstrate that sulforaphane exerts protective effects against LPS-induced ALI through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Thus, sulforaphane may be a potential a candidate for use in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjie Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jin Zhou People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei 052260, P.R. China
| | - Xixin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Song X, Zhang W, Wang T, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Yang Z, Cao Y, Zhang N. Geniposide plays an anti-inflammatory role via regulating TLR4 and downstream signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice. Inflammation 2015; 37:1588-98. [PMID: 24771071 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Geniposide is a medicine isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which is a traditional Chinese herb that is widely used in Asia for the treatment of inflammation, brain diseases, and hepatic disorders. Mastitis is a highly prevalent and important infectious disease. In this study, we used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse mastitis model and LPS-stimulated primary mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and the mechanism of action of geniposide. Using intraductal injection of LPS as a mouse model of mastitis, we found that geniposide significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and downregulated the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). To further investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism, we used LPS-stimulated mMECs as an in vitro mastitis model. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that geniposide inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated that geniposide could suppress the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B (IκBα), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Geniposide also inhibited the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the LPS-stimulated mMECs. In conclusion, geniposide exerted its anti-inflammatory effect by regulating TLR4 expression, which affected the downstream NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Thus, geniposide may be a potential drug for mastitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China
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Yang H, Li Y, Huo P, Li XO, Kong D, Mu W, Fang W, Li L, Liu N, Fang L, Li H, He C. Protective effect of Jolkinolide B on LPS-induced mouse acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:119-24. [PMID: 25819665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Jolkinolide B (JB), an ent-abietane diterpenoid, isolated from the dried root of Euphorbia fischeriana, has been reported to have potent anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects of JB on acute lung injury (ALI) and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of JB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Male C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with dexamethasone or JB 1h before intranasal instillation of LPS. The results showed that JB markedly attenuated LPS-induced histological alterations, lung edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Furthermore, JB also significantly inhibited LPS-induced the degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and MAPK. Therefore, our study provides the first line of evidence that pretreatment of JB has a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of JB may be attributed to its suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yang
- Emergency Department, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Li
- Emergency Department, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Intensive Care Unit, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Li
- Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Emergency Department, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Emergency Department, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- Emergency Department, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Medical Examination Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Chengyan He
- Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Zhang Y, Liang D, Dong L, Ge X, Xu F, Chen W, Dai Y, Li H, Zou P, Yang S, Liang G. Anti-inflammatory effects of novel curcumin analogs in experimental acute lung injury. Respir Res 2015; 16:43. [PMID: 25889862 PMCID: PMC4391684 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment for acute lung injury. Curcumin, extracted from turmeric, exhibits broad anti-inflammatory properties through down-regulating inflammatory cytokines. However, the instability of curcumin limits its clinical application. Methods A series of new curcumin analogs were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory effects on the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages by ELISA. The evaluation of stability and mechanism of active compounds was determined using UV-assay and Western Blot, respectively. In vivo, SD rats were pretreatment with c26 for seven days and then intratracheally injected with LPS to induce ALI. Pulmonary edema, protein concentration in BALF, injury of lung tissue, inflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, and MAPKs phosphorylation were analyzed. We also measured the inflammatory gene expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells. Results In the study, we synthesized 30 curcumin analogs. The bioscreeening assay showed that most compounds inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6. The active compounds, a17, a18, c9 and c26, exhibited their anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited greater stability than curcumin in vitro. Furthermore, the active compound c26 dose-dependently inhibited ERK phosphorylation. In vivo, LPS significantly increased protein concentration and number of inflammatory cells in BALF, pulmonary edema, pathological changes of lung tissue, inflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF, macrophage infiltration, inflammatory gene expression, and MAPKs phosphorylation . However, pretreatment with c26 attenuated the LPS induced increase through ERK pathway in vivo. Meanwhile, compound c26 reduced the LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells. Conclusions These results suggest that the novel curcumin analog c26 has remarkable protective effects on LPS-induced ALI in rat. These effects may be related to its ability to suppress production of inflammatory cytokines through ERK pathway. Compound c26, with improved chemical stability and bioactivity, may have the potential to be further developed into an anti-inflammatory candidate for the prevention and treatment of ALI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0199-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Dandan Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Lili Dong
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Xiangting Ge
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Fengli Xu
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Huameng Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Peng Zou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
| | - Shulin Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice through Regulating Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:272474. [PMID: 25866535 PMCID: PMC4381969 DOI: 10.1155/2015/272474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and possible mechanism. Acute lung injury was induced in BALB/c mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS, and MAG was injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to LPS administration. After ALI, the histopathology of lungs, lung wet/dry weight ratio, protein concentration, and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the BALF were measured by ELISA. The activation of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α of lung homogenate was detected by Western blot. Pretreatment with MAG attenuated lung histopathological damage induced by LPS and decreased lung wet/dry weight ratio and the concentrations of protein in BALF. At the same time, MAG reduced the number of inflammatory cells in lung and inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MAG suppressed activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by LPS in lung. The results suggested that the therapeutic mechanism of MAG on ALI may be attributed to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate may be a potential therapeutic reagent for ALI.
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Zhang X, Hu W, Wu F, Yuan X, Hu J. Shikonin inhibits TNF-α-induced growth and invasion of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:615-24. [PMID: 26042337 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone compound extracted from the Chinese herb purple gromwell. Shikonin has broad antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced proliferation and invasion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an important factor that contributes to atherosclerosis. The effects of shikonin on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs have been reported; however, the function of shikonin on TNF-α-mediated growth and invasion of VSMCs during atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, we used Western blot, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the effect of shikonin on the TNF-α-induced growth and invasion of VSMCs and to determine the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that shikonin inhibits the TNF-α-mediated growth and invasion. Further study revealed that shikonin regulates the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase signaling pathways; modulates the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, B-cell lymphoma 2, and Bax; activates caspase-3 and caspase-9; induces cell cycle arrest; and promotes the apoptosis of VSMCs. Together, our results indicate that shikonin may become a promising agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and they also establish foundation for the development of anti-atherosclerosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wu
- b Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang City, Shenyang 110041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yuan
- b Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang City, Shenyang 110041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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Lou CW, Chang CY, Wu ZH, Lin JH. The optimal extracting process, manufacturing technique and biological evaluation of Lithospermum erythrorhizon microcapsules. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:165-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Prasad RG, Choi YH, Kim GY. Shikonin Isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Downregulates Proinflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells by Suppressing Crosstalk between Reactive Oxygen Species and NF-κB. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:110-8. [PMID: 25767678 PMCID: PMC4354311 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the expansion of lifespan, neuronal disorder based on inflammation has been social problem. Therefore, we isolated shikonin from Lithospermum erythrorhizon and evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of shikonin in lipopolysaccharide (LSP)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Shikonin dose-dependently inhibits the expression of the proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as their main regulatory genes and products such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Additionally, shikonin suppressed the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to regulate the key regulatory genes of the proinflammatory mediators, such as iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α, accompanied with downregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The results indicate that shikonin may downregulate the expression of proinflammatory genes involved in the synthesis of NO, PGE2, and TNF-α in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing ROS and NF-κB. Taken together, our results revealed that shikonin exerts downregulation of proinflammatory mediators by interference the ROS and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-051, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Baloch SK, Ma L, Wang XL, Shi J, Zhu Y, Wu FY, Pang YJ, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Gu HW, Yang YH. Design, synthesis and mechanism of novel shikonin derivatives as potent anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel shikonin derivatives were synthesised and probed as anticancer agents. Compound 40 showed the best anticancer activity with an IC50 of 1.26 μM, could induce apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase via the P21 p-CDC2 (Tyr15) pathway independent of P53.
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Fu K, Lv X, Li W, Wang Y, Li H, Tian W, Cao R. Berberine hydrochloride attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in mice by suppressing activation of NF-κB signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:128-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via modulating toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:649-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Eskandani M, Nazemiyeh H. Self-reporter shikonin-Act-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle: Formulation, physicochemical characterization and geno/cytotoxicity evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 59:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Zhou E, Li Y, Wei Z, Fu Y, Lei H, Zhang N, Yang Z, Xie G. Schisantherin A protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice through inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:133-40. [PMID: 24975658 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) adhesion, activation, sequestration and inflammatory damage to alveolar-capillary membrane. Schisantherin A, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of schisantherin A on LPS-induced mouse ARDS. The pulmonary injury severity was evaluated 7 h after LPS administration and the protective effects of schisantherin A on LPS-induced mouse ARDS were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. The results revealed that the wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, and the number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly reduced by schisantherin A in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, pretreatment with schisantherin A markedly ameliorated LPS-induced histopathologic changes and decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the BALF. In addition, the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκB-α), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 induced by LPS were suppressed by schisantherin A. These findings indicated that schisantherin A exerted potent anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-induced mouse ARDS, possibly through blocking the activation of NF-KB and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. Therefore, schisantherin A may be a potential agent for the prophylaxis of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He Lei
- TongLe School, Nanshan ShenZhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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