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Cui L, Watanabe S, Miyanaga K, Kiga K, Sasahara T, Aiba Y, Tan XE, Veeranarayanan S, Thitiananpakorn K, Nguyen HM, Wannigama DL. A Comprehensive Review on Phage Therapy and Phage-Based Drug Development. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:870. [PMID: 39335043 PMCID: PMC11428490 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy, the use of bacteriophages (phages) to treat bacterial infections, is regaining momentum as a promising weapon against the rising threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This comprehensive review explores the historical context, the modern resurgence of phage therapy, and phage-facilitated advancements in medical and technological fields. It details the mechanisms of action and applications of phages in treating MDR bacterial infections, particularly those associated with biofilms and intracellular pathogens. The review further highlights innovative uses of phages in vaccine development, cancer therapy, and as gene delivery vectors. Despite its targeted and efficient approach, phage therapy faces challenges related to phage stability, immune response, and regulatory approval. By examining these areas in detail, this review underscores the immense potential and remaining hurdles in integrating phage-based therapies into modern medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Teppei Sasahara
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Aiba
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Xin-Ee Tan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Srivani Veeranarayanan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kanate Thitiananpakorn
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Huong Minh Nguyen
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata 990-2292, Japan
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Häcker G. Chlamydia in pigs: intriguing bacteria associated with sub-clinical carriage and clinical disease, and with zoonotic potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1301892. [PMID: 39206090 PMCID: PMC11349706 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1301892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae are bacteria that are intriguing and important at the same time. The genus Chlamydia encompasses many species of obligate intracellular organisms: they can multiply only inside the cells of their host organism. Many, perhaps most animals have their own specifically adapted chlamydial species. In humans, the clinically most relevant species is Chlamydia trachomatis, which has particular importance as an agent of sexually transmitted disease. Pigs are the natural host of Chlamydia suis but may also carry Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia pecorum. C. abortus and possibly C. suis have anthropozoonotic potential, which makes them interesting to human medicine, but all three species bring a substantial burden of disease to pigs. The recent availability of genomic sequence comparisons suggests adaptation of chlamydial species to their respective hosts. In cell biological terms, many aspects of all the species seem similar but non-identical: the bacteria mostly replicate within epithelial cells; they are taken up by the host cell in an endosome that they customize to generate a cytosolic vacuole; they have to evade cellular defences and have to organize nutrient transport to the vacuole; finally, they have to organize their release to be able to infect the next cell or the next host. What appears to be very difficult and challenging to achieve, is in fact a greatly successful style of parasitism. I will here attempt to cover some of the aspects of the infection biology of Chlamydia, from cell biology to immune defence, epidemiology and possibilities of prevention. I will discuss the pig as a host species and the species known to infect pigs but will in particular draw on the more detailed knowledge that we have on species that infect especially humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Kruglova M, Nikitin N, Evtushenko E, Matveeva I, Mazurov A, Pavlenko I, Popova V, Bogomolova O, Vasilyev S, Markova E, Fedorov Y. Inactivated Flagellin-Containing Vaccine Efficacy against Ovine Enzootic Abortion. Pathogens 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38668231 PMCID: PMC11053442 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus is the etiological agent of abortion and fetal loss in sheep, goats and bovine cattle in many countries. Even though commercially available vaccines can reduce the incidence in sheep, the development of new, safe, and effective vaccines remains high on the agenda. In this study, an evaluation was made of the efficacy of a vaccine candidate, an inactivated antigen based on the extract of outer membrane proteins of a C. abortus strain known as Chlamydia VNITIBP-21, in combination with recombinant flagellin as an adjuvant. Pregnant sheep (n = 43) were divided into three groups: an experimental vaccinated group, a control infected group and a control non-infected group. The sheep were vaccinated twice, with an interval of 3 weeks, then infected with the homologous virulent strain of Chlamydia abortus on pregnancy day 75. The vaccine candidate reduced C. abortus shedding in vaginal swabs considerably, in comparison with the control group. In addition, ewes in the experimental group experienced no abortions, while those in the control group experienced instances of abortion, as well as births of weak and nonviable lambs. The findings show that the vaccine candidate proved itself to be promising in combatting the agent of ovine abortion and fetal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kruglova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Evtushenko
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Matveeva
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Mazurov
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Pavlenko
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Popova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Bogomolova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Vasilyev
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Markova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Fedorov
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, 141142 Moscow, Russia
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Wang C, Jin Y, Wang J, Zheng K, Lei A, Lu C, Wang S, Wu Y. Protective Immunity against Chlamydia psittaci Lung Infection Induced by a DNA Plasmid Vaccine Carrying CPSIT_p7 Gene Inhibits Dissemination in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087013. [PMID: 37108176 PMCID: PMC10138700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci), a zoonotic pathogen, poses a potential threat to public health security and the development of animal husbandry. Vaccine-based preventative measures for infectious diseases have a promising landscape. DNA vaccines, with many advantages, have become one of the dominant candidate strategies in preventing and controlling the chlamydial infection. Our previous study showed that CPSIT_p7 protein is an effective candidate for a vaccine against C. psittaci. Thus, this study evaluated the protective immunity of pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 against C. psittaci infection in BALB/c mice. We found that pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 can induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The IFN-γ and IL-6 levels in the infected lungs of mice immunized with pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 reduced substantially. In addition, the pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 vaccine diminished pulmonary pathological lesions and reduced the C. psittaci load in the lungs of infected mice. It is worth noting that pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 suppressed C. psittaci dissemination in BALB/c mice. In a word, these results demonstrate that the pcDNA3.1(+)/CPSIT_p7 DNA vaccine has good immunogenicity and immunity protection effectiveness against C. psittaci infection in BALB/c mice, especially pulmonary infection, and provides essential practical experience and insights for the development of a DNA vaccine against chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yingqi Jin
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiewen Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chunxue Lu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Xu H, Li L, Li R, Guo Z, Lin M, Lu Y, Hou J, Govinden R, Deng B, Chenia HY. Evaluation of dendritic cell-targeting T7 phages as a vehicle to deliver avian influenza virus H5 DNA vaccine in SPF chickens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1063129. [PMID: 36591272 PMCID: PMC9799975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a growing demand for effective technologies for the delivery of antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and their immune-activation for the success of DNA vaccines. Therefore, dendritic cell (DC)-targeting T7 phages were used as a vehicle to deliver DNA vaccine. Methods In this study, a eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-C1-HA2-AS containing the HA2 gene derived from the avian H5N1 virus and an anchor sequence (AS) gene required for the T7 phage packaging process was developed. To verify the feasibility of phage delivery, the plasmid encapsulated in DC-targeting phage capsid through the recognition of AS was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The pEGFP-C1-HA2-AS plasmid could evade digestion by DNase I by becoming encapsulated into the phage particles and efficiently expressed the HA2 antigen in DCs with the benefit of DC-targeting phages. Results For chickens immunized with the DC-targeting phage 74 delivered DNA vaccine, the levels of IgY and IgA antibodies, the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokines in serum, the proliferation of lymphocytes, and the percentage of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood were significantly higher than chickens which were immunized with DNA vaccine that was delivered by non-DC-targeting phage or placebo (p<0.05). Phage 74 delivered one-fiftieth the amount of pEGFP-C1-HA2-AS plasmid compared to Lipofectin, however, a comparable humoral and cellular immune response was achieved. Although, the HA2 DNA vaccine delivered by the DC-targeting phage induced enhanced immune responses, the protection rate of virus challenge was not evaluated. Conclusion This study provides a strategy for development of a novel avian influenza DNA vaccine and demonstrates the potential of DC-targeting phage as a DNA vaccine delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Discipline: Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,New Product R&D Department, YMRY Medical Technology Company. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China,New Product R&D Department, YMRY Medical Technology Company. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijie Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China,New Product R&D Department, YMRY Medical Technology Company. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengzhou Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jibo Hou
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline: Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bihua Deng
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Hafizah Y. Chenia, ; Bihua Deng,
| | - Hafizah Y. Chenia
- Discipline: Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,*Correspondence: Hafizah Y. Chenia, ; Bihua Deng,
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Livingstone M, Wattegedera SR, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Aitchison K, Corbett C, Sait M, Wilson K, Chianini F, Rocchi MS, Wheelhouse N, Entrican G, Longbottom D. Efficacy of Two Chlamydia abortus Subcellular Vaccines in a Pregnant Ewe Challenge Model for Ovine Enzootic Abortion. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080898. [PMID: 34452023 PMCID: PMC8402522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus, the aetiological agent of enzootic abortion of ewes, is a major cause of reproductive loss in small ruminants worldwide, accounting for significant economic losses to the farming industry. Disease can be managed through the use of commercial inactivated or live whole organism-based vaccines, although both have limitations particularly in terms of efficacy, safety and disease-associated outbreaks. Here we report a comparison of two experimental vaccines (chlamydial outer membrane complex (COMC) and octyl glucoside (OG)-COMC) based on detergent extracted outer membrane preparations of C. abortus and delivered as prime-boost immunisations, with the commercial live vaccine Cevac® Chlamydia in a pregnant sheep challenge model. No abortions occurred in either experimental vaccine group, while a single abortion occurred in the commercial vaccine group. Bacterial shedding, as a measure of potential risk of transmission of infection to naïve animals, was lowest in the COMC vaccinated group, with reductions of 87.5%, 86.4% and 74% observed for the COMC, OG-COMC and live commercial vaccine groups, respectively, compared to the unvaccinated challenge control group. The results show that the COMC vaccine performed the best and is a safer efficacious alternative to the commercial vaccines. However, to improve commercial viability, future studies should optimise the antigen dose and number of inoculations required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Livingstone
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Sean Ranjan Wattegedera
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | | | - Kevin Aitchison
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Cecilia Corbett
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Michelle Sait
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Kim Wilson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Francesca Chianini
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Mara Silvia Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Nicholas Wheelhouse
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Gary Entrican
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; (M.L.); (S.R.W.); (K.A.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (K.W.); (F.C.); (M.S.R.); (N.W.); (G.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Zuo Z, Zou Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Zhang T, Wu J, He C, Eko FO. Intranasal immunization with inactivated chlamydial elementary bodies formulated in VCG-chitosan nanoparticles induces robust immunity against intranasal Chlamydia psittaci challenge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10389. [PMID: 34001988 PMCID: PMC8129140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines based on live attenuated Chlamydia elementary bodies (EBs) can cause disease in vaccinated animals and the comparably safer inactivated whole EBs are only marginally protective. Recent studies show that a vaccine formulation comprising UV-inactivated EBs (EB) and appropriate mucosal delivery systems and/or adjuvants induced significant protective immunity. We tested the hypothesis that intranasal delivery of UV-inactivated C. psittaci EB formulated in Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG)-chitosan nanoparticles will induce protective immunity against intranasal challenge in SPF chickens. We first compared the impact of VCG and CpG adjuvants on protective immunity following IN mucosal and IM systemic delivery of EB formulated in chitosan hydrogel/microspheres. Immunologic analysis revealed that IN immunization in the presence of VCG induced higher levels of IFN-γ response than IM delivery or the CpG adjuvanted groups. Also, vaccine efficacy evaluation showed enhanced pharyngeal bacterial clearance and protection against lung lesions with the VCG adjuvanted vaccine formulation, thereby establishing the superior adjuvanticity of VCG over CpG. We next evaluated the impact of different concentrations of VCG on protective immunity following IN mucosal immunization. Interestingly, the adjuvanticity of VCG was concentration-dependent, since protective immunity induced following IN mucosal immunization showed dose-dependent immune responses and protection. These studies reveal that formulation of inactivated chlamydial antigens with adjuvants, such as VCG and chitosan increases their ability to induce protective immune responses against challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Zuo
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjuan Zou
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production and Formulation Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxia Guo
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production and Formulation Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng He
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Francis O. Eko
- grid.9001.80000 0001 2228 775XDepartment of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
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Zalewska-Piątek B, Piątek R. Bacteriophages as Potential Tools for Use in Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccine Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:331. [PMID: 33916345 PMCID: PMC8066226 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The constantly growing number of people suffering from bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, parasitic diseases, and cancers prompts the search for innovative methods of disease prevention and treatment, especially based on vaccines and targeted therapy. An additional problem is the global threat to humanity resulting from the increasing resistance of bacteria to commonly used antibiotics. Conventional vaccines based on bacteria or viruses are common and are generally effective in preventing and controlling various infectious diseases in humans. However, there are problems with the stability of these vaccines, their transport, targeted delivery, safe use, and side effects. In this context, experimental phage therapy based on viruses replicating in bacterial cells currently offers a chance for a breakthrough in the treatment of bacterial infections. Phages are not infectious and pathogenic to eukaryotic cells and do not cause diseases in human body. Furthermore, bacterial viruses are sufficient immuno-stimulators with potential adjuvant abilities, easy to transport, and store. They can also be produced on a large scale with cost reduction. In recent years, they have also provided an ideal platform for the design and production of phage-based vaccines to induce protective host immune responses. The most promising in this group are phage-displayed vaccines, allowing for the display of immunogenic peptides or proteins on the phage surfaces, or phage DNA vaccines responsible for expression of target genes (encoding protective antigens) incorporated into the phage genome. Phage vaccines inducing the production of specific antibodies may in the future protect us against infectious diseases and constitute an effective immune tool to fight cancer. Moreover, personalized phage therapy can represent the greatest medical achievement that saves lives. This review demonstrates the latest advances and developments in the use of phage vaccines to prevent human infectious diseases; phage-based therapy, including clinical trials; and personalized treatment adapted to the patient's needs and the type of bacterial infection. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of experimental phage therapy and, at the same time, indicates its great potential in the treatment of various diseases, especially those resistant to commonly used antibiotics. All the analyses performed look at the rich history and development of phage therapy over the past 100 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zalewska-Piątek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Rafał Piątek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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9
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Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria infections pose a threat to public health. Considering the difficulty in developing new antibiotics, it is an urgent need to develop alternative therapies against bacterial pathogens. Bacteriophages (phages) are evaluated as potential substitutes or adjuncts of antibiotics because they are abundant in nature and could specifically lyse bacteria. In this review, we briefly introduce phage therapy and its advantages compared with traditional antibiotic therapy. We also summarize new emerging phage technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas, synthetic phages, etc., and discuss some possible obstacles and potential risks in the application process. We believe that, with the advancement in synthetic biology and delivery technology, phage therapy has broad prospects in the future.
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10
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Bao Q, Li X, Han G, Zhu Y, Mao C, Yang M. Phage-based vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:40-56. [PMID: 30594492 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, or more colloquially as phages, are viruses that possess the ability to infect and replicate with bacterial cells. They are assembled from two major types of biomolecules, the nucleic acids and the proteins, with the latter forming a capsid and the former being encapsulated. In the eukaryotic hosts, phages are inert particulate antigens and cannot trigger pathogenesis. In recent years, many studies have been explored about using phages as nanomedicine platforms for developing vaccines due to their unique biological characteristics. The whole phage particles can be used for vaccine design in the form of phage-displayed vaccines or phage DNA vaccines. Phage-displayed vaccines are the phages with peptide or protein antigens genetically displayed on their surfaces as well as those with antigens chemically conjugated or biologically bound on their surfaces. The phages can then deliver the immunogenic peptides or proteins to the target cells or tissues. Phage DNA vaccines are the eukaryotic promoter-driven vaccine genes inserted in the phage genomes, which are carried by phages to the target cells to generate antigens. The antigens, either as the immunogenic peptides or proteins displayed on the phages, or as the products expressed from the vaccine genes, can serve as vaccines to elicit immune responses for disease prevention and treatment. Both phage-displayed vaccines and phage DNA vaccines promise a brilliant future for developing vaccines. This review presents the recent advancements in the field of phage-based vaccines and their applications in both the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It also discusses the challenges and perspectives in moving this field forwards.
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11
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Khalili S, Rasaee MJ, Bamdad T, Mard-Soltani M, Asadi Ghalehni M, Jahangiri A, Pouriayevali MH, Aghasadeghi MR, Malaei F. A Novel Molecular Design for a Hybrid Phage-DNA Construct Against DKK1. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:833-842. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Catalano CE. Bacteriophage lambda: The path from biology to theranostic agent. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Catalano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
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13
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Bacteriophages and Their Immunological Applications against Infectious Threats. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:3780697. [PMID: 28484722 PMCID: PMC5412166 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3780697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy dates back almost a century, but the discovery of antibiotics led to a rapid decline in the interests and investments within this field of research. Recently, the novel threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlighted the alarming drop in research and development of new antibiotics: 16 molecules were discovered during 1983–87, 10 new therapeutics during the nineties, and only 5 between 2003 and 2007. Phages are therefore being reconsidered as alternative therapeutics. Phage display technique has proved to be extremely promising for the identification of effective antibodies directed against pathogens, as well as for vaccine development. At the same time, conventional phage therapy uses lytic bacteriophages for treatment of infections and recent clinical trials have shown great potential. Moreover, several other approaches have been developed in vitro and in vivo using phage-derived proteins as antibacterial agents. Finally, their use has also been widely considered for public health surveillance, as biosensor phages can be used to detect food and water contaminations and prevent bacterial epidemics. These novel approaches strongly promote the idea that phages and their proteins can be exploited as an effective weapon in the near future, especially in a world which is on the brink of a “postantibiotic era.”
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14
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Carvalho C, Costa AR, Silva F, Oliveira A. Bacteriophages and their derivatives for the treatment and control of food-producing animal infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:583-601. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1271309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carvalho
- CEB-UM: Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Costa
- CEB-UM: Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- CECAV-UTAD, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- CEB-UM: Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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15
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Jafari N, Abediankenari S. Phage Particles as Vaccine Delivery Vehicles: Concepts, Applications and Prospects. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8019-29. [PMID: 26745034 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new strategies for vaccine delivery for generating protective and long-lasting immune responses has become an expanding field of research. In the last years, it has been recognized that bacteriophages have several potential applications in the biotechnology and medical fields because of their intrinsic advantages, such as ease of manipulation and large-scale production. Over the past two decades, bacteriophages have gained special attention as vehicles for protein/peptide or DNA vaccine delivery. In fact, whole phage particles are used as vaccine delivery vehicles to achieve the aim of enhanced immunization. In this strategy, the carried vaccine is protected from environmental damage by phage particles. In this review, phage-based vaccine categories and their development are presented in detail, with discussion of the potential of phage-based vaccines for protection against microbial diseases and cancer treatment. Also reviewed are some recent advances in the field of phage- based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran E-mail :
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16
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Bárdy P, Pantůček R, Benešík M, Doškař J. Genetically modified bacteriophages in applied microbiology. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:618-33. [PMID: 27321680 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages represent a simple viral model of basic research with many possibilities for practical application. Due to their ability to infect and kill bacteria, their potential in the treatment of bacterial infection has been examined since their discovery. With advances in molecular biology and gene engineering, the phage application spectrum has been expanded to various medical and biotechnological fields. The construction of bacteriophages with an extended host range or longer viability in the mammalian bloodstream enhances their potential as an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatment. Insertion of active depolymerase genes to their genomes can enforce the biofilm disposal. They can also be engineered to transfer various compounds to the eukaryotic organisms and the bacterial culture, applicable for the vaccine, drug or gene delivery. Phage recombinant lytic enzymes can be applied as enzybiotics in medicine as well as in biotechnology for pathogen detection or programmed cell death in bacterial expression strains. Besides, modified bacteriophages with high specificity can be applied as bioprobes in detection tools to estimate the presence of pathogens in food industry, or utilized in the control of food-borne pathogens as part of the constructed phage-based biosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bárdy
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Benešík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Doškař
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: understanding the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in vaccine research. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 27:346-70. [PMID: 24696438 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00105-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide, and despite significant advances in chlamydial research, a prophylactic vaccine has yet to be developed. This Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, which often causes asymptomatic infection, may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancies, scarring of the fallopian tubes, miscarriage, and infertility when left untreated. In the genital tract, Chlamydia trachomatis infects primarily epithelial cells and requires Th1 immunity for optimal clearance. This review first focuses on the immune cells important in a chlamydial infection. Second, we summarize the research and challenges associated with developing a chlamydial vaccine that elicits a protective Th1-mediated immune response without inducing adverse immunopathologies.
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18
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Construction of Recombinant HVT Expressing PmpD, and Immunological Evaluation against Chlamydia psittaci and Marek's Disease Virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124992. [PMID: 25893439 PMCID: PMC4404326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is an obligate intracellular zoonotic pathogen that can be transmitted to humans from birds. No efficacious commercial vaccine is available for clearing chlamydial infection due to lack of potential vaccine candidates and effective delivery vehicles. Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is an efficacious commercially available vaccine against Marek’s Disease virus (MDV). In this study, a recombinant HVT-delivered vaccine against C. psittaci and Marek’s disease was developed and examined. The 5'-terminus of pmpD gene (pmpD-N) encoding the N-terminal fragment of polymorphic membrane protein D of C. psittaci was inserted into a nonessential region of HVT genome using reverse genetics based on an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of HVT. The recombinant virus (rHVT-pmpD-N) was recovered from primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells by transfection of modified HVT BAC DNA containing the pmpD-N gene. The rHVT-pmpD-N construct was confirmed to express PmpD-N by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. The rHVT-pmpD-N was stable during 20 passages in vitro. The growth kinetics of rHVT-pmpD-N was comparable to that of parental HVT in vitro and in vivo. One-day-old SPF chickens inoculated subcutaneously with rHVT-pmpD-N displayed increased PmpD-specific antibody levels and a vigorous PmpD-specific lymphocyte proliferation response using HVT vector or CEF cells as control. Furthermore, the percentage of CD4+ cells was significantly elevated in rHVT-pmpD-N-immunized birds as compared to the parental HVT. All chickens vaccinated with rHVT-pmpD-N or parental HVT were protected completely against challenge with a very virulent strain of Marek’s Disease virus (MDV) RB-1B. Post challenge with C. psittaci CB7 strain, a significant decrease in respiratory distress, lesions and Chlamydia load was found in the rHVT-pmpD-N-vaccinated group compared to the parental HVT. In conclusion, our study suggests that the rHVT-pmpD-N live vaccine may be viable as a candidate dual vaccine that provides protection against both very virulent MDV and C. psittaci.
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