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Wijesekara T, Luo J, Xu B. Critical review on anti-inflammation effects of saponins and their molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2007-2022. [PMID: 38372176 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights the increasing interest in one of the natural compounds called saponins, for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing inflammation which is a key factor in various chronic diseases. It delves into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of these amphiphilic compounds, prevalent in plant-based foods and marine organisms. Their structures vary with soap-like properties influencing historical uses in traditional medicine and sparking renewed scientific interest. Recent research focuses on their potential in chronic inflammatory diseases, unveiling molecular actions such as NF-κB and MAPK pathway regulation and COX/LOX enzyme inhibition. Saponin-containing sources like Panax ginseng and soybeans suggest novel anti-inflammatory therapies. The review explores their emerging role in shaping the gut microbiome, influencing composition and activity, and contributing to anti-inflammatory effects. Specific examples, such as Panax notoginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, illustrate the intricate relationship between saponins, the gut microbiome, and their collective impact on immune regulation and metabolic health. Despite promising findings, the review emphasizes the need for further research to comprehend the mechanisms behind anti-inflammatory effects and their interactions with the gut microbiome, underscoring the crucial role of a balanced gut microbiome for optimal health and positioning saponins as potential dietary interventions for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Feng S, Pan L, Li Q, Zhang Y, Mou F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Duan L, Qin B, Hu Z. The Isolation, Identification and Immobilization Method of Three Novel Enzymes with Diosgenin-Producing Activity Derived from an Aspergillus flavus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17611. [PMID: 38139441 PMCID: PMC10743735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin is an important raw material used in the synthesis of steroid drugs, and it is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The traditional method of producing diosgenin is through using raw materials provided via the plant Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW), which is subsequently industrially hydrolyzed using a high quantity of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids at temperatures ranging from 70 °C to 175 °C. This process results in a significant amount of unmanageable wastewater, creates issues of severe environmental pollution and consumes high quantities of energy. As an alternative, the enzymolysis of DZW to produce diosgenin is an environmentally and friendly method with wide-ranging prospects for its application. However, there are still only a few enzymes that are suitable for production on an industrial scale. In this study, three new key enzymes, E1, E2, and E3, with a high conversion stability of diosgenin, were isolated and identified using an enzyme-linked-substrate autography strategy. HPLC-MS/MS identification showed that E1, a 134.45 kDa protein with 1019 amino acids (AAs), is a zinc-dependent protein similar to the M16 family. E2, a 97.89 kDa protein with 910 AAs, is a type of endo-β-1,3-glucanase. E3, a 51.6 kDa protein with 476 AAs, is a type of Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase. In addition, the method to immobilize these proteins was optimized, and stability was achieved. The results show that the optimal immobilization parameters are 3.5% sodium alginate, 3.45% calcium chloride concentration, 1.4 h fixed time, and pH 8.8; and the recovery rate of enzyme activity can reach 43.98%. A level of 70.3% relative enzyme activity can be obtained after employing six cycles of the optimized technology. Compared with free enzymes, immobilized enzymes have improved stability, acid and alkaline resistance and reusability, which are conducive to large-scale industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Lintao Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Quanshun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Fangyuan Mou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Zhao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Longfei Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Baofu Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.F.); (L.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Zhongqiu Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Xue P, Xue Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ito Y, Dou J, Guo Z. Research progress of diosgenin extraction from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright: Inspiration of novel method with environmental protection and efficient characteristics. Steroids 2023; 192:109181. [PMID: 36642106 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin was the starting materials to synthesize various hormone drugs and mainly generated from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright by acidolysis, enzymolysis, microbiological fermentation, and integrated manner. Only acidic hydrolysis with strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid was used in practice in diosgenin enterprises due to their feasibility and simplicity, nevertheless finally resulting in a great deal of unmanageable wastewater and severely polluted the surrounding environment. Aiming to provide a comprehensive and up-to date information of researches on diosgenin production from this plant, 151 cases were collected from scientific databases including Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI). Their advantages and disadvantages with different production methods were analyzed based on these available data in this review paper. Considering the fact that nearly all of diosgenin enterprises were closed for the environmental protection and the life health of the people, this review paper was beneficial for providing useful guidelines to develop novel technologies with environmentally-friendly and cleaner features for diosgenin production or facilitate the transformation of other methods like enzymolysis, microbiological fermentation, or integrated methods from laboratory scale to industry scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyun Xue
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Xue
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianwei Dou
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang X, Xue Z, Zhu S, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Dou J, Zhang J, Ito Y, Guo Z. Diosgenin revealed potential effect against cerebral ischemia reperfusion through HIKESHI/HSP70/NF-κB anti-inflammatory axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153991. [PMID: 35217435 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a research hotspot to use natural compounds in treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) for a refractory disease throughout the worldwide without available drugs or treatments at present. Our previous study has demonstrated that diosgenin (DIO), a starting material to synthesize various steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in medical industry, showed medicinal effect against I/R via inhibiting aberrant inflammatory reaction induced by I/R. However, the detailed anti-inflammatory network of DIO in treatment of I/R still remains to be further explored. PURPOSE HIKESHI was firstly identified as a novel target of DIO used for I/R by rat brain proteomic analysis, and mechanistic efforts were focused based on this gene. Hopefully, extensive detailed molecular mechanisms of DIO against I/R was established and confirmed. METHODS The effect of DIO against I/R was examined in vitro and in vivo, which cells (SH-SY5Y and PC12) and rats were experienced to ORD/RP and MCAO exposures, respectively, to establish I/R modes. Staining was used to evaluate the pathological procedure of DIO used for I/R. Protein changes including expression, interaction, and activity during DIO's anti-I/R effect were assessed with real time PCR, western blot, Co-IP, luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS In the current study, HIKESHI and HSP70 were both upregulated, when I/R cells and rats were treated with DIO in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DIO stimulated the binding of HIKESHI to HSP70 and facilitated the translocation of HSP70 into nucleus. Subsequently, HSP70 blunted the transcription activity of NF-κB after physical interaction with this transcription factor, and therefore led to the suppression of its downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) release into surrounding I/R lesion area. Conversely, HIKESHI or HSP70 knockdowns attenuated the nuclear translocation and restraint on NF-κB-mediated inflammation, finally resulting in the abolishment of DIO-induced anti-I/R effect. NF-κB activation also relieved the inhibitory inflammation and reversed DIO's effect against I/R, suggesting that NF-κB was the downstream target of HIKESHI and HSP70 in I/R treatment with DIO. CONCLUSIONS These findings established a novel HIKESHI/HSP70/NF-κB signaling pathway associated with DIO-treated I/R, which might be as therapeutic targets or drugs with potential implications for the therapeutic use of I/R in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Diaotai Street, Qindou District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Xue
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Diaotai Street, Qindou District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shangjun Zhu
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Diaotai Street, Qindou District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Diaotai Street, Qindou District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianwei Dou
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Diaotai Street, Qindou District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Diaotai Street, Qindou District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zengjun Guo
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Diaotai Street, Qindou District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Adomėnienė A, Venskutonis PR. Dioscorea spp.: Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties and Their Relation to Phytochemicals and Health Benefits. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082530. [PMID: 35458730 PMCID: PMC9026138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea, consisting of over 600 species, is the most important genus in the Dioscoreaceae family; however, the practically used plants, which are commonly called yam, are restricted to a remarkably smaller number of species. Numerous studies have reported the high nutritional value of yam, particularly as an alternative source of starch and some important micronutrients. Several Dioscorea species are widely used for various medicinal purposes as well. In many studies, the bioactivities and health benefits of Dioscorea extracts and other preparations have been related to the presence of phytochemicals, which possess antioxidant properties; they are related mainly to radical-scavenging capacity in chemical assays and positive effects on the endogenous antioxidant system in cell-based and in vivo assays. Considering the increasing number of publications on this topic and the absence of comprehensive and focused review papers on antioxidant potential, this article summarizes the results of studies on the antioxidant properties of Dioscorea spp. and their relation to phytochemicals and health benefits. A comprehensive survey of the published articles has revealed that the majority of studies have been performed with plant tubers (rhizomes, roots), while reports on leaves are rather scarce. In general, leaf extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant potential than tuber preparations. This may be related to the differences in phytochemical composition: saponins, phenanthrenes and, for some pigment-rich species (purple yams), anthocyanins are important constituents in tubers, while phenolic acids and flavonoids are characteristic phytochemicals in the leaves. The review may assist in explaining ethnopharmacological knowledge on the health benefits of Dioscorea plants and their preparations; moreover, it may foster further studies of poorly investigated species, as well as their wider application in developing new functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Genome-Wide Identification of CYP72A Gene Family and Expression Patterns Related to Jasmonic Acid Treatment and Steroidal Saponin Accumulation in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010953. [PMID: 34681613 PMCID: PMC8536171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a medicinal herb containing a large amount of steroidal saponins, which are the major bioactive compounds and the primary storage form of diosgenin. The CYP72A gene family, belonging to cytochromes P450, exerts indispensable effects on the biosynthesis of numerous bioactive compounds. In this work, a total of 25 CYP72A genes were identified in D. zingiberensis and categorized into two groups according to the homology of protein sequences. The characteristics of their phylogenetic relationship, intron–exon organization, conserved motifs and cis-regulatory elements were performed by bioinformatics methods. The transcriptome data demonstrated that expression patterns of DzCYP72As varied by tissues. Moreover, qRT-PCR results displayed diverse expression profiles of DzCYP72As under different concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA). Likewise, eight metabolites in the biosynthesis pathway of steroidal saponins (four phytosterols, diosgenin, parvifloside, protodeltonin and dioscin) exhibited different contents under different concentrations of JA, and the content of total steroidal saponin was largest at the dose of 100 μmol/L of JA. The redundant analysis showed that 12 DzCYP72As had a strong correlation with specialized metabolites. Those genes were negatively correlated with stigmasterol and cholesterol but positively correlated with six other specialized metabolites. Among all DzCYP72As evaluated, DzCYP72A6, DzCYP72A16 and DzCYP72A17 contributed the most to the variation of specialized metabolites in the biosynthesis pathway of steroidal saponins. This study provides valuable information for further research on the biological functions related to steroidal saponin biosynthesis.
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Li S, Li R, Xu YX, Baak JPA, Gao JH, Shu JQ, Jing LJ, Meng XL, Wen CB, Gan YX, Zheng SC, Zeng Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine Aconiti Radix Cocta Improves Rheumatoid Arthritis via Suppressing COX-1 and COX-2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5523870. [PMID: 34539799 PMCID: PMC8443343 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Aconiti Radix Cocta (AC) is clinically employed to expel wind, remove dampness, and relieve pain. We evaluated the antirheumatoid arthritis (RA) activities and underlying mechanisms of AC. The chemical constituents of AC were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using three reference compounds (benzoylaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, and benzoylhypacoitine). The anti-RA effects of AC were evaluated in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats by hind paw volume and histopathological analysis. The effects of AC on inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17A) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The regulation of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and/or COX-2) was determined by Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. AC significantly reduced paw swelling, attenuated the inflammation and bone destruction in joint tissues, and reduced IL-1β and IL-17A in the serum. Moreover, AC downregulated the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in the synovial tissues. We also identified that AC possesses significant anti-RA activities on AIA, which may be ascribed to the regulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-17, as well as to the inhibition of arachidonic acid signaling pathways. Our findings provide theoretical support for AC as an effective nature-derived therapeutic agent for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya-Xin Xu
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jan P. A. Baak
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Research,, Stavanger University Hospital, Dr. Jan Baak AS, Risavegen 66, Stavanger 4056, Norway
| | - Ji-Hai Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jian-Qin Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li-Jia Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chuan-Biao Wen
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yan-Xiong Gan
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shi-Chao Zheng
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Xue Z, Cao Z, Jin M, Zhang X, Wang X, Dou J, Zhu Y, Ito Y, Guo Z. New steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis yam and their medicinal use against I/R via anti-inflammatory effect. Food Funct 2021; 12:8314-8325. [PMID: 34312628 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid saponins are the medicinal compounds and nutrition ingredients of medicine food homology (MFH) Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (D. zingiberensis) yam. Our phytochemical investigation of the edible rhizomes resulted in 9 new furostanol steroid saponins named dioscins A-I (1-9), together with 11 known steroid saponins. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical analyses. The new dioscins were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and beneficial effects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury on RAW264.7 and PC12 cells in vitro, respectively. Dioscins A, B, and G revealed considerable anti-I/R effect through an anti-inflammatory mechanism based on the decreasing concentration of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and down-regulating the NF-κB expression. The present research demonstrated that daily consumption of this yam plant probably prevented the I/R occurrence via the anti-inflammatory property of steroid saponins, and it also enriched the steroid saponin library, providing the possibility to develop MFH-containing steroid saponins into functional foods for maintenance of human health or drugs for the treatment of I/R disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Xue
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhen Cao
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. and Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | | | - Jianwei Dou
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhu
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zengjun Guo
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Liu W, Xiang H, Zhang T, Pang X, Su J, Liu H, Ma B, Yu L. Screening and Selection of a New Medium for Diosgenin Production via Microbial Biocatalysis of Fusarium sp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050390. [PMID: 33919111 PMCID: PMC8143133 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are widely used as starting precursors and medical intermediates for the semi-/total-synthesis of hundreds of steroidal drugs. One such steroidal saponin is diosgenin, which has attracted significant attention due to the huge market demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to water waste and severe environmental pollution, the traditional diosgenin production process based on direct acid hydrolysis is no longer used. In this study, to develop a submerged fermentation (SmF) medium for clean diosgenin production via efficient microbial biocatalysis, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) in combination with the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to determine the medium compositions for Fusarium strains. Three components (wheat bran, phosphate, and Tween-80) were determined as significant factors by the PBD. Using the BBD, the three significant factors were further optimized, and the optimum values were determined for maximal diosgenin production. With 21.16 g/L of wheat bran, 9.60 g/L of phosphate, and 1.97 g/L of Tween-80, the diosgenin yield was 2.28%, i.e., 3.17 mg/L/h. The experimental values agreed with the predicted values, representing a significant increase in diosgenin production compared to its production using the basic SmF medium. For the first time, we reported the development of a new medium for Fusarium strains to produce diosgenin via microbial biocatalysis of the root of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW). A simple-composition, low-cost, and high-efficiency medium was developed for the first time for the SmF of Fusarium strains. The medium is considered useful for large-scale SmF and may be applicable to other fungi. This study lays a solid foundation for diosgenin production in an acid-free and wastewater-free way. It may also provide fundamental support for producing other value-added products via microbial biocatalysis of low-value materials by endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancang Liu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Haibo Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430011, China;
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Xu Pang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Jing Su
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Liyan Yu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63187118
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Zhang X, Wang X, Khurm M, Zhan G, Zhang H, Ito Y, Guo Z. Alterations of Brain Quantitative Proteomics Profiling Revealed the Molecular Mechanisms of Diosgenin against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Effects. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1154-1168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Muhammad Khurm
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guanqun Zhan
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20814, Maryland, United States
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Xie X, Li H, Wang Y, Wan Z, Luo S, Zhao Z, Liu J, Wu X, Li X, Li X. Therapeutic effects of gentiopicroside on adjuvant-induced arthritis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Song W, Yan S, Li Y, Feng S, Zhang JJ, Li JR. Functional characterization of squalene epoxidase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:822-827. [PMID: 30638657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a perennial medicinal herb rich in a variety of pharmaceutical steroidal saponins. Squalene epoxidase (SE) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis pathways of triterpenoids and sterols, and catalyzes the epoxidation of squalene in coordination with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). In this study, we cloned DzSE and DzCPR gene sequences from D. zingiberensis leaves, encoding proteins with 514 and 692 amino acids, respectively. Recombinant proteins were successfully expressed in vitro, and enzymatic analysis indicated that, when SE and CPR were incubated with the substrates squalene and NADPH, 2,3-oxidosqualene was formed as the product. Subcellular localization revealed that both the DzSE and DzCPR proteins are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The changes in transcription of DzSE and DzCPR were similar in several tissues. DzSE expression was enhanced in a time-dependent manner after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments, while DzCPR expression was not inducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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Hasan H, Ismail H, El-Orfali Y, Khawaja G. Therapeutic benefits of Indole-3-Carbinol in adjuvant-induced arthritis and its protective effect against methotrexate induced-hepatic toxicity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:337. [PMID: 30567538 PMCID: PMC6299996 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being an incapacitating disease requires early effective intervention. Considering Methotrexate (MTX)- the first line of treatment for RA- intoxicates the liver; therefore, alternative therapies with similar efficacy yet lower cytotoxicity are desired. Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) which is found in cruciferous vegetables was examined for its possible therapeutic potentials in comparison with MTX by investigating its anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, and hepatoprotective potentials in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. METHODS Arthritis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Arthritic rats were treated with I3C and/or MTX. To examine the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect, the following parameters were assessed: body weight, macroscopic scoring of the hind paw, the level of the pivotal cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) heavily involved in the pathogenesis, spleen index, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At a histological level, the tibiotarsal joint was stained with several specific stains. To assess the hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant effects, several oxidative stress parameters were monitored, and the liver histology was examined. RESULTS Both I3C and MTX attenuated the inflammation that was aggravated by arthritis by downregulating the inflammatory markers and mediators and alleviating the histopathological changes affecting the tibiotarsal joint. I3C attenuated the liver impairment that was initiated by arthritis and MTX treatment. It did so by downregulating the pro-oxidants and up-regulating the anti-oxidant defenses and by reducing the pathological changes affecting the liver. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that I3C is as potent as MTX as an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent. In addition, I3C does so while protecting the liver from damage as opposed to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hasan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Hanan Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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Jarzębski M, Smułek W, Kościński M, Białopiotrowicz T, Kaczorek E. Verbascum nigrum L. (mullein) extract as a natural emulsifier. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Zhang X, Jin M, Tadesse N, Dang J, Zhou T, Zhang H, Wang S, Guo Z, Ito Y. Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright: An overview on its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical applications, quality control, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:283-293. [PMID: 29602601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (D. zingiberensis), Dioscoreaceae, is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicines. The aim of the current review paper is to give a comprehensive overview of the traditional usage and phytochemistry of the plant. Clinical studies performed and products prepared from the plant and active principles will be mentioned. In addition a review of the taxonomy of the genus Dioscorea is given. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search on literature has been performed in databases like Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scifinder, Web of Science, and in Chinese databases (China Knowledge Resource Integrated, i.e., CNKI and Wanfang) including Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations. These from the period 1983-2016 have been searched. RESULTS D. zingiberensis is an endemic plant in China widely distributed in some provinces, especially Hubei and Shaanxi. The rhizomes are the medicinal part in Dun-Ye-Guan-Xin-Ning tablets and are used for isolation of diosgenin. Steroidal saponins are believed to be the active principles. More than 70 compounds have been identified. Several of these have been tested in preclinical assays and clinical trials. A wide spectrum of biological effects including cardiovascular, anti-thrombosis, hyperlipidemia, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic effect has been verified. CONCLUSIONS Because of the promising results from the investigations on the plant material of D. zingiberensis, further in depth analyses ought to be performed to evaluate its potential as either a traditional drug or a source of bioactive principle. The presently performed studies do not explain mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics (ADME properties), or toxicity. All of these topics need more elaborate investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Ming Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Nigatu Tadesse
- School of International Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhang X, Jin M, Tadesse N, Xian L, Zhang H, Wang S, Dang J, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Ito Y. Safety investigation on total steroid saponins extracts from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright: Sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies on dogs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 91:58-67. [PMID: 29066336 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sub-acute and chronic toxic effects of total steroidal saponins (TSSN) extracts from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright on various internal organs and biochemical indicators have never been studied before and this study is the first of its kind to demonstrate sub-acute and chronic toxicities of TSSN on dogs. Administration of TSSN extracts at doses up to 3000 mg/Kg daily for 14 days, no biochemical and organ changes were observed on the experimental groups of dogs. Further, chronic toxicity study through oral administration of TSSN extracts at the gradual doses of 50, 250 and 500 mg/Kg for 90 days followed by a 2-week recovery assay revealed absence of significant architectural and morphological changes in internal organs which were confirmed through histopathological examination and merely no significant alteration in the biochemical indicators including hematologic and urine analysis and electrocardiogram compared to the control dogs. This toxicological evaluation came across with the finding that the herbal preparation can be considered as nontoxic and animals could tolerate the extracts at doses up to 500 mg/Kg with LD50 greater than 3000 mg/Kg. It may serve as a preliminary scientific evidence for further therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ming Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Nigatu Tadesse
- School of International Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Xian
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Kofi D, Eric W, Laud KO. Immunoregulatory activity of root bark of Cassia sieberiana D.C. in a modified adjuvant-induced arthritis in rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2017.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Liu XY, Xu L, Wang Y, Li JX, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang SS, Zhang XM. Protective effects of total flavonoids of Astragalus against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating OPG/RANKL/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 44:105-114. [PMID: 28092862 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is one of the oldest and most frequently used crude herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. The total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) are the main active components isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. Our recent study has shown its potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. However, its anti-arthritic effects and mechanisms of action involved have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of TFA on Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. METHODS Wistar rats were intradermally injected FCA into the right hind metatarsal footpads to establish adjuvant-arthritic model. The rats were intragastrically administered daily with TFA at 25, 50 and 100mg/kg for 28days after FCA induction. Body weight, primary paw swelling, arthritis index, thymus and spleen indices were measured. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, prostaglandin (PG)E2, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were determined using ELISA. Histopathological changes and scores in joint tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in synovial tissues was assayed using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS TFA significantly increased body weight, attenuated primary paw swelling and arthritis index, decreased thymus and spleen indices of rats induced by FCA. Furthermore, TFA significantly inhibited serum TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2 and RANKL production, and promoted serum OPG production and OPG/RANKL ratio of rats induced by FCA. Histopathological examination indicated that TFA significantly attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. Immunohistochemical assay indicated that TFA inhibited NF-κB p65 expression in synovial tissues of rats induced by FCA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TFA exerts potential protective effects against FCA-induced arthritis in rats by regulating OPG/RANKL/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Lu Xu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Li
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
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Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the New Ganghwaljetongyeum on Adjuvant-Induced Inflammatory Arthritis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1230294. [PMID: 27382402 PMCID: PMC4921641 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1230294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ganghwaljetongyeum (GHJTY) has been used as a standard treatment for arthritis for approximately 15 years at the Korean Medicine Hospital of Dongshin University. GHJTY is composed of 18 medicinal herbs, of which five primary herbs were selected and named new Ganghwaljetongyeum (N-GHJTY). The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of N-GHJTY on arthritis and to determine its mechanism of action. After confirming arthritis induction using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats, N-GHJTY (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg/day) was administered once a day for 10 days. In order to determine pathological changes, edema of the paws and weight were measured before and for 10 days after N-GHJTY administration. Cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels and histopathological lesions in the knee joint were also examined. Edema in the paw and knee joint of N-GHJTY-treated rats was significantly decreased at 6, 8, and 10 days after administration, compared to that in the CFA-control group, while weight consistently increased. Rats in N-GHJTY-treated groups also recovered from the CFA-induced pathological changes and showed a significant decline in cytokine levels. Taken together, our results showed that N-GHJTY administration was effective in inhibiting CFA-induced arthritis via anti-inflammatory effects while promoting cartilage recovery by controlling cytokine levels.
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Liu LL, Li P, Liu EH. Discovery of anti-inflammatory components from Guge Fengtong tablet based on inflammatory markers and exploration of its molecular mechanism. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we discovered GGFTT and its bioactive combinatorial components (10C) could significantly decrease the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. 10C exert comparable anti-inflammatory effect through NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways as GGFTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Le-Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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Therapeutic Effect of Saponin Rich Fraction of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Autoimmune Dis 2015; 2015:943645. [PMID: 26273477 PMCID: PMC4529882 DOI: 10.1155/2015/943645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Achyranthes aspera Linn. (AA) is used in folklore for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments and arthritis like conditions. Anti-inflammatory activity of saponin rich (SR) fraction of AA has been previously reported. The objective of this study was to assess the antiarthritic effect of SR fraction of Achyranthes aspera in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Methods. Arthritis was assessed by arthritis score, paw volume, changes in tibiotarsal joint thickness, hyperalgesic parameters, and spleen and thymus index. Haematological, serum, biochemical, and inflammatory cytokine and in vivo antioxidant parameters were measured on the last day of the study. Results. SR fraction significantly suppressed paw swelling and arthritic score and improved the pain threshold in motility and stair climbing tests. There was a reversal in the levels of altered parameters, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and antioxidant parameters like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. SR fraction significantly decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Moreover, histopathology revealed a significant reduction in synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bone destruction in the joints. Conclusion. These observations explain the therapeutic benefit of SR fraction of AA in suppressing the progression of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.
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Kothavade PS, Bulani VD, Deshpande PS, Chowdhury AS, Juvekar AR. The petroleum ether fraction of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. seeds demonstrates anti-arthritic effect in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Tao W, Su Q, Wang H, Guo S, Chen Y, Duan J, Wang S. Platycodin D attenuates acute lung injury by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 27:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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