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de Silva TA, Apte S, Voisey J, Spann K, Tan M, Chambers D, O'Sullivan B. Immunological Landscapes in Lung Transplantation: Insights from T Cell Profiling in BAL and PBMC. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2476. [PMID: 38473722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung transplant recipients frequently encounter immune-related complications, including chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Monitoring immune cells within the lung microenvironment is pivotal for optimizing post-transplant outcomes. This study examined the proportion of T cell subsets in paired bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral PBMC comparing healthy (n = 4) and lung transplantation patients (n = 6, no CLAD and n = 14 CLAD) using 14-color flow cytometry. CD4+ T cell proportions were reduced in CD3 cells in both PBMC and BAL, and positive correlations were discerned between T cell populations in peripheral PBMC and BAL, suggesting the prospect of employing less invasive PBMC sampling as a means of monitoring lung T cells. Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Tregs) were enriched in BAL when compared to peripheral PBMC for transplant recipients. A parallel positive correlation emerged between Treg proportions in BAL and peripheral PBMC, underscoring potential avenues for monitoring lung Tregs. Finally, the most promising biomarker was the Teff (CD8+Granzyme B+)-Treg ratio, which was higher in both the PBMC and BAL of transplant recipients compared to healthy individuals, and increased in the patients with CLAD compared to no CLAD and healthy patients. Conclusions: Distinct T cell profiles in BAL and peripheral PBMC underscore the significance of localized immune monitoring in lung transplantation. The Teff (CD8+granzyme B+)-Treg ratio, particularly within the context of CLAD, emerges as a promising blood and BAL biomarker reflective of inflammation and transplant-related complications. These findings emphasize the imperative need for personalized immune monitoring strategies that tailored to address the unique immunological milieu in post-transplant lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi Ayanthika de Silva
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Simon Apte
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Joanne Voisey
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Maxine Tan
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Daniel Chambers
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Brendan O'Sullivan
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Santosh Nirmala S, Kayani K, Gliwiński M, Hu Y, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Piotrowska-Mieczkowska M, Sakowska J, Tomaszewicz M, Marín Morales JM, Lakshmi K, Marek-Trzonkowska NM, Trzonkowski P, Oo YH, Fuchs A. Beyond FOXP3: a 20-year journey unravelling human regulatory T-cell heterogeneity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321228. [PMID: 38283365 PMCID: PMC10811018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The initial idea of a distinct group of T-cells responsible for suppressing immune responses was first postulated half a century ago. However, it is only in the last three decades that we have identified what we now term regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and subsequently elucidated and crystallized our understanding of them. Human Tregs have emerged as essential to immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases and are typically contemporaneously characterized by their CD3+CD4+CD25high CD127lowFOXP3+ phenotype. It is important to note that FOXP3+ Tregs exhibit substantial diversity in their origin, phenotypic characteristics, and function. Identifying reliable markers is crucial to the accurate identification, quantification, and assessment of Tregs in health and disease, as well as the enrichment and expansion of viable cells for adoptive cell therapy. In our comprehensive review, we address the contributions of various markers identified in the last two decades since the master transcriptional factor FOXP3 was identified in establishing and enriching purity, lineage stability, tissue homing and suppressive proficiency in CD4+ Tregs. Additionally, our review delves into recent breakthroughs in innovative Treg-based therapies, underscoring the significance of distinct markers in their therapeutic utilization. Understanding Treg subsets holds the key to effectively harnessing human Tregs for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayani Kayani
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Academic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Renal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Gliwiński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yueyuan Hu
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Tomaszewicz
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Kavitha Lakshmi
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Advanced Cellular Therapy Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network - Rare Liver Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Fuchs
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Kott KA, Chan AS, Vernon ST, Hansen T, Kim T, de Dreu M, Gunasegaran B, Murphy AJ, Patrick E, Psaltis PJ, Grieve SM, Yang JY, Fazekas de St Groth B, McGuire HM, Figtree GA. Mass cytometry analysis reveals altered immune profiles in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1462. [PMID: 37927302 PMCID: PMC10621005 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis is well accepted, but the role of the adaptive immune system is not yet fully understood. To further explore this, we assessed the circulating immune cell profile of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to identify discriminatory features by mass cytometry. Methods Mass cytometry was performed on patient samples from the BioHEART-CT study, gated to detect 82 distinct cell subsets. CT coronary angiograms were analysed to categorise patients as having CAD (CAD+) or having normal coronary arteries (CAD-). Results The discovery cohort included 117 patients (mean age 61 ± 12 years, 49% female); 79 patients (68%) were CAD+. Mass cytometry identified changes in 15 T-cell subsets, with higher numbers of proliferating, highly differentiated and cytotoxic cells and decreases in naïve T cells. Five T-regulatory subsets were related to an age and gender-independent increase in the odds of CAD incidence when expressing CCR2 (OR 1.12), CCR4 (OR 1.08), CD38 and CD45RO (OR 1.13), HLA-DR (OR 1.06) and Ki67 (OR 1.22). Markers of proliferation and differentiation were also increased within B cells, while plasmacytoid dendritic cells were decreased. This combination of changes was assessed using SVM models in discovery and validation cohorts (area under the curve = 0.74 for both), confirming the robust nature of the immune signature detected. Conclusion We identified differences within immune subpopulations of CAD+ patients which are indicative of a systemic immune response to coronary atherosclerosis. This immune signature needs further study via incorporation into risk scoring tools for the precision diagnosis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Kott
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular HealthKolling Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore HospitalNorthern Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Adam S Chan
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Stephen T Vernon
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular HealthKolling Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore HospitalNorthern Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular HealthKolling Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Taiyun Kim
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Macha de Dreu
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Bavani Gunasegaran
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Ellis Patrick
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Stuart M Grieve
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of RadiologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
- Imaging and Phenotyping Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jean Y Yang
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems BiologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems BiologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular HealthKolling Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore HospitalNorthern Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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4
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Jiang X, Wu X, Xiao Y, Wang P, Zheng J, Wu X, Jin Z. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on T cells: The new pillar of hematological malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110325. [PMID: 36776866 PMCID: PMC9911447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancy develops and applies various mechanisms to induce immune escape, in part through an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Adenosine is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced at high levels within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Adenosine signaling through the A2A receptor expressed on immune cells, such as T cells, potently dampens immune responses. Extracellular adenosine generated by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) molecules is a newly recognized 'immune checkpoint mediator' and leads to the identification of immunosuppressive adenosine as an essential regulator in hematological malignancies. In this Review, we provide an overview of the detailed distribution and function of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes in the TME and the effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition on preclinical hematological malignancy data, which provides insights into the potential clinical applications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penglin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamian Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiuli Wu, ; Zhenyi Jin,
| | - Zhenyi Jin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiuli Wu, ; Zhenyi Jin,
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5
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Massa D, Tosi A, Rosato A, Guarneri V, Dieci MV. Multiplexed In Situ Spatial Protein Profiling in the Pursuit of Precision Immuno-Oncology for Patients with Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4885. [PMID: 36230808 PMCID: PMC9562913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of many solid tumors. In breast cancer (BC), immunotherapy is currently approved in combination with chemotherapy, albeit only in triple-negative breast cancer. Unfortunately, most patients only derive limited benefit from ICIs, progressing either upfront or after an initial response. Therapeutics must engage with a heterogeneous network of complex stromal-cancer interactions that can fail at imposing cancer immune control in multiple domains, such as in the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic domains. To overcome these types of heterogeneous resistance phenotypes, several combinatorial strategies are underway. Still, they can be predicted to be effective only in the subgroups of patients in which those specific resistance mechanisms are effectively in place. As single biomarker predictive performances are necessarily suboptimal at capturing the complexity of this articulate network, precision immune-oncology calls for multi-omics tumor microenvironment profiling in order to identify unique predictive patterns and to proactively tailor combinatorial treatments. Multiplexed single-cell spatially resolved tissue analysis, through precise epitope colocalization, allows one to infer cellular functional states in view of their spatial organization. In this review, we discuss-through the lens of the cancer-immunity cycle-selected, established, and emerging markers that may be evaluated in multiplexed spatial protein panels to help identify prognostic and predictive patterns in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Massa
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
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6
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Tumor metabolite lactate promotes tumorigenesis by modulating MOESIN lactylation and enhancing TGF-β signaling in regulatory T cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110986. [PMID: 35732125 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a vital role in maintaining the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Lactate is a crucial metabolite in cancer and is related to tumor prognosis, metastasis, and overall survival. In this study, we focus on the effects of lactate on Treg cells. In vitro, lactate improves Treg cell stability and function, whereas lactate degradation reduces Treg cell induction, increases antitumor immunity, and decreases tumor growth in mice. Mechanistically, lactate modulates Treg cell generation through lactylation of Lys72 in MOESIN, which improves MOESIN interaction with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor I and downstream SMAD3 signaling. Cotreatment with anti-PD-1 and a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor has a stronger antitumor effect than anti-PD-1 alone. Individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma who responded to anti-PD-1 treatment have lower levels of MOESIN lactylation in Treg cells than nonresponding individuals. Thus, we identify lactate as an essential small molecule that reinforces Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment through lactylation.
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Kaltschmidt B, Witte KE, Greiner JFW, Weissinger F, Kaltschmidt C. Targeting NF-κB Signaling in Cancer Stem Cells: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020261. [PMID: 35203471 PMCID: PMC8869483 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the cell populations existing within a tumor, cancer stem cells are responsible for metastasis formation and chemotherapeutic resistance. In the present review, we focus on the transcription factor NF-κB, which is present in every cell type including cancer stem cells. NF-κB is involved in pro-tumor inflammation by its target gene interleukin 1 (IL1) and can be activated by a feed-forward loop in an IL1-dependent manner. Here, we summarize current strategies targeting NF-κB by chemicals and biologicals within an integrated cancer therapy. Specifically, we start with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor-mediated phosphorylation. Furthermore, we summarize current strategies of multiple myeloma treatment involving lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone as potential NF-κB inhibitors. Finally, we discuss programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as an NF-κB target gene and its role in checkpoint therapy. We conclude, that NF-κB inhibition by specific inhibitors of IκB kinase was of no clinical use but inhibition of upstream and downstream targets with drugs or biologicals might be a fruitful way to treat cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.W.); (J.F.W.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Kaya E. Witte
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.W.); (J.F.W.G.); (F.W.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.W.); (J.F.W.G.); (F.W.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Weissinger
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.W.); (J.F.W.G.); (F.W.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Internal Medicine, Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, Palliative Medicine, and Tumor Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Schildescher Str. 99, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.W.); (J.F.W.G.); (F.W.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5625
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8
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Remez L, Ganelin-Cohen E, Safina D, Hellmann MA, Lotan I, Bosak N, Buxbaum C, Vaknin A, Shifrin A, Rozenberg A. Alemtuzumab mediates the CD39 + T-regulatory cell response via CD23 + macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:521-531. [PMID: 33306219 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alemtuzumab (ALM) effectively prevents relapses of multiple sclerosis (MS). It causes lymphocyte depletion with subsequent enhancement of the T-regulatory cell population. Direct administration of ALM to T cells causes cytolysis. However, the T cells may be indirectly affected by monocyte-derived cells, which are resistant to ALM cytotoxicity. We aimed to examine whether ALM modulates monocytes and whether the crosstalk between monocytes and lymphocytes previously exposed to ALM would result in anti-inflammatory effects. The CD14+ monocytes of 10 healthy controls and 10 MS (treatment naive) patients were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), exposed to ALM and reintroduced to PBMCs depleted of CD14+ cells. The macrophage profile was assessed and T-cell markers were measured. ALM promoted M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype as noted by an increased percentage in the populations of CD23+ , CD83+ and CD163+ cells. The CD23+ cells were the most upregulated (7-fold, P = 0.0002), and the observed effect was higher in patients with MS than in healthy subjects. ALM-exposed macrophages increased the proportion of T-regulatory cells, without affecting the proportion of T-effector cells. Neutralizing the CD23+ monocytes with antibodies reversed the effect specifically on the CD4+ CD39+ T-regulatory cell subpopulation but not on the CD4+ CD25hi CD127lo FOXP3+ subpopulation. ALM induces the conversion of monocytes into anti-inflammatory macrophages, which in turn promotes T-regulatory cell enhancement, in a CD23-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the mechanism of action of ALM is relevant to aspects of MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Remez
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Esther Ganelin-Cohen
- Neuroimmunological Clinic, Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Safina
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark A Hellmann
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Itay Lotan
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Noam Bosak
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chen Buxbaum
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin
- Unit for Neuro-Immunology, Multiple Sclerosis & Cell Therapy, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alla Shifrin
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayal Rozenberg
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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9
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Zeng J, Ning Z, Wang Y, Xiong H. Implications of CD39 in immune-related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107055. [PMID: 33045579 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) mediates pro-inflammatory responses by recruiting and activating inflammatory cells. CD39 can hydrolyze eATP into adenosine monophosphate (AMP), while CD73 can convert AMP into the immunosuppressive nucleoside adenosine (ADO). CD39 is a rate-limiting enzyme in this cascade, which is regarded as an immunological switch shifting the ATP-mediated pro-inflammatory environment to the ADO- mediated anti-inflammatory status. The CD39 expression can be detected in a wide spectrum of immunocytes, which is under the influence of environmental and genetic factors. It is increasingly suggested that, CD39 participates in some pathophysiological processes, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), sepsis, multiple sclerosis (MS), allergic diseases, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diabetes and cancer. Here, we focus on the current understanding of CD39 in immunity, and comprehensively illustrate the diverse CD39 functions within a variety of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zeng
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong 272000, China.
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong 272067, China.
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10
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Ottonello S, Genova C, Cossu I, Fontana V, Rijavec E, Rossi G, Biello F, Dal Bello MG, Tagliamento M, Alama A, Coco S, Boccardo S, Vanni I, Ferlazzo G, Moretta L, Grossi F, Mingari MC, Carrega P, Pietra G. Association Between Response to Nivolumab Treatment and Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:125. [PMID: 32117275 PMCID: PMC7018763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade represents a major breakthrough in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. However, success is limited to a subset of patients and there is a critical need to identify robust biomarkers associated with clinical response. In this study, we assessed whether pre-existing immunological characteristics, as well as immune parameters measured during treatment, might provide such clinical guidance. We studied blood samples collected at baseline and during treatment in a cohort of advanced NSCLC patients (n = 74) treated with nivolumab. Several lymphocyte subsets and biomarkers were then correlated with overall survival (OS) as well as clinical response, assessed using RECIST criteria. We found that patients characterized by longer OS had higher levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells but lower levels of NK cells at baseline. Moreover, that they displayed a statistically significant lower expression of PD-1 on both CD3+ and CD8+ T cells (p = 0.013 and p = 0.033, respectively). The pre-treatment level of exhausted T cells (CD8+PD1+Eomes+) was significantly lower in patients with controlled disease (CD), defined as partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD), compared to those with progressive disease (PD) (p = 0.046). In CD patients, the frequency of exhausted CD8+ T cells further decreased during treatment cycles (p = <0.0001, p = 0.0032, and p = 0.0239, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that the distribution of lymphocyte subsets and expression of PD-1 on T cells before treatment may help predict the outcome of anti-PD-1 treatment in NSCLC patients. In addition, assessing the initial levels of exhausted T cells as well as their decrease upon treatment may also predict response and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Ottonello
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Cossu
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies - Pediatric Clinic and Rheumatology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federica Biello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tagliamento
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Boccardo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Vanni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy.,Cell Factory Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Cell Factory Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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11
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Álvarez-Sánchez N, Cruz-Chamorro I, Díaz-Sánchez M, Lardone PJ, Guerrero JM, Carrillo-Vico A. Peripheral CD39-expressing T regulatory cells are increased and associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in relapsing patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2302. [PMID: 30783191 PMCID: PMC6381140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CD39, an ectonucleotidase that hydrolyses pro-inflammatory ATP, is a marker of highly active and suppressive T regulatory cells (Tregs). Although CD39 has a role in Treg suppression and might be important in the control of neuroinflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), to date, there are contradictory reports concerning the Tregs expression of CD39 in RR-MS patients. Thus, our objectives were to assess the activity and expression of CD39, especially in Tregs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of relapsing RR-MS patients compared with control subjects and to evaluate the association of CD39+ Tregs with disability and the odds of RR-MS. The activity and expression of CD39 and the CD39+ Treg frequency were measured in PBMCs from 55 relapsing RR-MS patients (19 untreated and 36 receiving immunomodulatory treatment) and 55 age- and sex-paired controls. Moreover, the association between CD39+ Tregs and RR-MS was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. CD39 activity and the frequency of CD39-expressing Tregs were elevated in relapsing RR-MS patients. Moreover, CD39+ Tregs were significantly correlated with the EDSS score and were independently associated with the odds of RR-MS. Our results highlight the relevance of CD39+ Treg subset in the clinical outcomes of RR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Díaz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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12
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Regulatory T cells regulate the distribution of natural killer T cells through CD39 signal transduction in asthma. Hum Cell 2018; 32:141-149. [PMID: 30539423 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-018-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are two important immune regulatory cells which both play critical roles in asthma. Our previous experiments revealed that activation of Treg cells suppressed NKT cells in asthma. However, the possible regulatory effects and the mechanisms linking Treg cells and NKT cells remain poorly understood. The current study was designed to further investigate the regulatory effect and its possible mechanisms of Treg cells on NKT cells function, especially the distribution of NKT cells. Regulatory T cell (Treg), responder T cell (Teff) and Natural killer T cell (NKT) were isolated and purified. After Lentivirus carrying CD39 (Le-CD39) was transfected into Treg cells, the immune phenotype of Treg cells was changed and the suppressive effect of Treg cells on Teff cells with an activation of Treg cells was enhanced, marking with a high expression level of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Up-regulation of CD39 expression led to lower ATP level in cell culture supernatant. To further explore its function in asthma, we introduced an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model of asthma. And the data showed that up-regulation of CD39 remarkably alleviated OVA-induced hallmarks of the asthma and increased NKT cells in the spleen and peripheral blood; however, decreased NKT cells in the lung. Furthermore, up-regulation of CD39 decreased the levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in the lung of OVA-treated mice. Our results strongly suggest that Treg cells could be activated by CD39 signal transduction and then affected the distribution of NKT cells in the OVA-induced mice model of asthma.
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13
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Hu Y, Qi W, Sun L, Zhou H, Zhou B, Yang Z. Effect of TGF-β1 on blood CD4 +CD25 high regulatory T cell proliferation and Foxp3 expression during non-small cell lung cancer blood metastasis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1403-1410. [PMID: 30112067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis have been reported to be associated with an immune response. The present study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the immunomodulatory processes during NSCLC blood metastasis. NSCLC blood and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected. The quantity of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+CD25high regulatory T (Treg) cells and the intracellular forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) expression in CD4+CD25high Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on NSCLC blood CD4+CD25+ Treg cell proliferation was explored by activating blood mononuclear cells with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, interleukin-2 and different doses of TGF-β1. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect the mRNA expression of Foxp3. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining was used to analyze the proliferation dynamics of lymphocyte subsets. Results indicate that the proportion of CD4+ T cells in the blood of patients with NSCLC was significantly higher compared with normal peripheral blood (P<0.01). Foxp3 expression in NSCLC blood Treg cells was significantly decreased compared with normal peripheral blood (P<0.01). NSCLC blood mononuclear cells treated with TGF-β1 at 1, 5 and 25 ng/ml significantly induced Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ Treg cells compared with the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD8+ T cells were elevated in generation 6, 7, 8 after 6 days of TGF-β1 treatment compared with untreated cells. The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD8+ T cells were elevated in generation 8, 9 and with TGF-β1 treatment after 8 days compared with untreated cells. These results indicate that CD4+CD25+ Treg cells proliferate at a greater rate compared with CD8+ T cells after 4, 6 or 8 days of treatment. The proportion of CD4+CD25high Treg cells in NSCLC blood was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with normal peripheral blood. The number of Foxp3+ T cells was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with normal peripheral blood. The data presented in this study suggest that NSCLC blood CD4+CD25high Treg cells are functionally immature and that TGF-β1 may promote maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Qi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Biliu Zhou
- Zhejiang Guojian Biotech Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
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14
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Lima NF, Gonçalves-Lopes RM, Kruize YCM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Ferreira MU. CD39 and immune regulation in a chronic helminth infection: The puzzling case of Mansonella ozzardi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006327. [PMID: 29505582 PMCID: PMC5854421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic helminth infections typically induce an immunoregulatory environment, with markedly reduced immune responses to both parasite-specific and unrelated bystander antigens. Here we tested whether these changes are also observed in human infections with Mansonella ozzardi, a neglected filarial nematode widely distributed across Latin America. Methods CD4+ T cell populations from microfilaremic (Fil+) and uninfected (Fil-) inhabitants in M. ozzardi-endemic riverine communities in Brazil were characterized by flow cytometry analysis. Plasma concentrations of a wide range of cytokines and chemokines were measured. We examined whether M. ozzardi infection is associated with suppressed in vitro lymphoproliferative and inflammatory cytokine responses upon stimulation with filarial antigen, unrelated antigens or mitogens. Principal findings/Conclusions Fil+ subjects had lower plasma levels of selected inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6, than their Fil- counterparts. However, we found no evidence for attenuated T-cell responses to filarial antigens or co-endemic pathogens, such as malaria parasites and Toxoplasma gondii. CD4+ T cells expressing CD39, an ectonucleosidase involved in the generation of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine, were increased in frequency in Fil+ subjects, compared to uninfected controls. Significantly, such an expansion was directly proportional to microfilarial loads. Surprisingly, CD39 blocking with a neutralizing antibody suppressed antigen-driven lymphoproliferation in vitro, while decreasing inflammatory cytokine responses, in Fil+ and Fil- individuals. These findings suggest that circulating CD4+ CD39+ T cells comprise subsets with both regulatory and stimulatory roles that contribute to the immune homeostasis in chronic M. ozzardi infection. Helminth infections downregulate immunity and reduce host’s inflammatory responses, but the filarial nematode Mansonella ozzardi, which is widely distributed across Latin America, appears to represent an exception to this rule. We found similar lymphoproliferative responses to filarial and unrelated antigens and comparable regulatory cytokine responses in subjects harboring M. ozzardi microfilariae, compared to local uninfected controls. The proportion of CD4+ T cell subtypes expressing CD39 was significantly increased in infected subjects and correlated positively with their microfilarial density. However, antibody blocking of CD39, an ectonucleosidase involved in the synthesis of the immunosuppresive molecule adenosine, paradoxically reduced, rather than promoted, antigen-driven lymphoproliferation in vitro. We suggest that CD39+ CD4+ T cells circulating in microfilaremics comprise both regulatory and stimulatory cell subsets that are concomitantly expanded. The balance between these cell subsets with opposing regulatory functions may be crucial to maintain immune homeostasis during chronic M. ozzardi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália F. Lima
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. Gonçalves-Lopes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yvonne C. M. Kruize
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo U. Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Human CD39 hi regulatory T cells present stronger stability and function under inflammatory conditions. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:521-528. [PMID: 27374793 PMCID: PMC5518817 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an imbalance between regulatory T cells and effector T-cell subsets, such as Th1 and Th17 cells. Studies have confirmed that natural CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs were unstable and dysfunctional in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the current study, human CD39hi Tregs and CD39low Tregs were sorted from Tregs in vitro after 7 days of expansion. The functions of both Treg subsets were investigated under inflammatory conditions in vitro and in vivo. In the presence of IL-1β and IL-6, cultured CD4+CD39hi Tregs maintained stable forkhead box protein 3 expression, whereas CD4+CD39low Tregs lost Foxp3 expression and trans-differentiated into Th1 or Th17 cells. Decreased IL-1βR and IL-6R expression on the CD39hi Tregs was the primary mechanism responsible for Treg stability. In addition, reduced activation of downstream molecules, such as STAT1 and STAT3, through the modulation of CpG demethylation played an important role. Finally, human CD4+CD39hi Tregs but not CD4+CD39low Tregs protected against xenograft versus host disease in model mice. These results strongly implied the physiological importance of CD39 expression and suggested that manipulation of CD39hi Tregs might represent a novel strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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16
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López-Abente J, Correa-Rocha R, Pion M. Functional Mechanisms of Treg in the Context of HIV Infection and the Janus Face of Immune Suppression. Front Immunol 2016; 7:192. [PMID: 27242797 PMCID: PMC4871867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in infections, by modulating host immune responses and avoiding the overreactive immunity that in the case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to a marked erosion and deregulation of the entire immune system. Therefore, the suppressive function of Treg in HIV-infected patients is critical because of their implication on preventing the immune hyperactivation, even though it could also have a detrimental effect by suppressing HIV-specific immune responses. In recent years, several studies have shown that HIV-1 can directly infect Treg, disturbing their phenotype and suppressive capacity via different mechanisms. These effects include Foxp3 and CD25 downregulation, and the impairment of suppressive capacity. This review describes the functional mechanisms of Treg to modulate immune activation during HIV infection, and how such control is no longer fine-tune orchestrated once Treg itself get infected. We will review the current knowledge about the HIV effects on the Treg cytokine expression, on pathways implying the participation of different ectoenzymes (i.e., CD39/CD73 axis), transcription factors (ICER), and lastly on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), one of the keystones in Treg-suppressive function. To define which are the HIV effects upon these regulatory mechanisms is crucial not only for the comprehension of immune deregulation in HIV-infected patients but also for the correct understanding of the role of Tregs in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo López-Abente
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, "Gregorio Marañón" Health Research Institute (IISGM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, "Gregorio Marañón" Health Research Institute (IISGM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, "Gregorio Marañón" Health Research Institute (IISGM) , Madrid , Spain
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