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Mohammed SM, Al-Saedi HFS, Mohammed AQ, Amir AA, Radi UK, Sattar R, Ahmad I, Ramadan MF, Alshahrani MY, Balasim HM, Alawadi A. Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9. [PMID: 38955925 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer. A large number of experimental studies and clinical findings show that bleomycin can concentrate in lung tissue, leading to massive oxidative stress, alveolar epithelial cell death, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and finally the infiltration of immune cells. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules by immune cells and fibroblasts leads to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Both fibrosis and pneumonitis are serious concerns for patients who receive bleomycin and may lead to death. Therefore, the management of lung toxicity following cancer therapy with bleomycin is a critical issue. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary injury following treatment with bleomycin. Furthermore, we review therapeutic targets and possible promising strategies for ameliorating bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al- Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ahmed Ali Amir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Sattar
- Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halah Majeed Balasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
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Wang X, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Li D, Shen L, Wang Q, Gao Y, Li X, Yu M. Protein lysine acetylation played an important role in NH 3-induced AEC2 damage and pulmonary fibrosis in piglets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168303. [PMID: 37939958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous ammonia (NH3), as a main air pollutant in pig farms and surrounding areas, directly affects animal and human health. The lung, as an important organ for gas exchange in the respiratory system, is damaged after NH3 exposure, but the underlying mechanism needs to be further explored. In this study, seven weeks old piglets were exposed to 50 ppm NH3 for 30 days, and displayed pulmonary fibrosis. Then, the toxicological mechanism of NH3-induced pulmonary fibrosis was explored from the aspects of whole genome wide protein expression and post-translational modification. Totally, 404 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 136 differentially lysine acetylated proteins (DAPs) were identified. The expression or lysine acetylation levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism including fatty acid oxidation (CPT1A, ACADVL, ACADS, HADHA, and HADHB), TCA cycle (IDH2 and MDH2), and oxidative phosphorylation (NDUFB7, NDUFV1, ATP5PB, ATP5F1A, COX5A, and COX5B) were significantly changed after NH3 exposure, which suggested that NH3 disrupted mitochondrial energy metabolism in the lung of piglets. Next, we found that type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) damaged after NH3 exposure in vivo and in vitro. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was enriched in focal adhesion pathway, and showed significantly up-regulated acetylation levels at K191 (FC = 2.99) and K209 sites (FC = 1.52) after NH3 exposure. We illustrated that ILK-K191 hyper-acetylation inhibited AEC2 proliferation and induced AEC2 apoptosis by down-regulating pAKT-S473 in vitro. In conclusion, for the first time, our study revealed that protein acetylation played an important role in the process of NH3-induced pulmonary fibrosis in piglets. Our findings provided valuable insights into toxicological harm of NH3 to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaxue Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daojie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Long Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Engineering, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Farming Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mei Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhou YM, Dong XR, Xu D, Tang J, Cui YL. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for interstitial lung disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116952. [PMID: 37487964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a chronic lung dysfunction disease with a poor prognosis and poor recovery. The clinically used therapeutic drugs, such as glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, have no significant therapeutic effect and are accompanied with severe side effects. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in exploring and applying natural herb components for treating ILD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) possesses innate, non-toxic characteristics and offers advantages in preventing and treating pulmonary ailments. However, a comprehensive study of TCM on ILD therapy has not yet been reviewed. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the monomer components, total extracts, and prescriptions of TCM for ILD therapy, elucidating their molecular mechanisms to serve as a reference in treating ILD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature information was searched in the PubMed, Web of Science databases. The search keywords included 'interstitial lung disease', 'lung fibrosis' or 'pulmonary fibrosis', and 'traditional Chinese medicine', 'traditional herbal medicine', or 'herb medicine'. RESULTS The active components of single herbs, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and quinones, have potential therapeutic effects on ILD. The active extracts and prescriptions were also summarized and analyzed. The herbs, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Gancao), Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. Bunge. (Huangqi) and Angelicasinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui), play significant roles in the treatment of ILD. The mechanisms involve the inhibition of inflammatory factor release, anti-oxidative injury, and interference with collagen production, etc. CONCLUSION: This review examines the therapeutic potential of TCM for ILD and elucidates its molecular mechanisms, demonstrating that mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress, modulating the immune system, and promoting tissue repair are efficacious strategies for ILD therapy. The depth research will yield both theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xin-Ran Dong
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Hao Y, Li J, Dan L, Wu X, Xiao X, Yang H, Zhou R, Li B, Wang F, Du Q. Chinese medicine as a therapeutic option for pulmonary fibrosis: Clinical efficacies and underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116836. [PMID: 37406748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fibrotic interstitial lung disease caused by continuous damage and excessive repair of alveolar epithelial cells, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. At present, the incidence of PF has increased significantly around the world. The therapeutic arsenals against PF are relatively limited, with often poor efficacy and many adverse effects. As a conventional and effective therapeutic strategy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely applied in treating lung fibrosis for thousands of years in China. Due to the multi-ingredient, multi-target characteristics, Chinese medicines possess promising clinical benefits for PF treatment. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to systematically analyze the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine on PF, and further summarize the relevant mechanisms of Chinese medicine treating PF in preclinical studies, in order to provide a comprehensive insight into the beneficial effects of Chinese medicines on PF. METHODS Eight major Chinese and English databases were searched from database inception up to October 2022, and all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of Chinese medicine intervention on effectiveness and safety in the treatment of PF patients were included. Subsequently, preclinical studies related to the treatment of PF in Chinese medicine, including Chinese medicine compounds, Chinese herbal materials and extracts, and Chinese herbal formulas (CHFs) were searched through PubMed and Web of science to summarize the related mechanisms of Chinese medicine against PF. RESULTS A total of 56 studies with 4019 patients were included by searching the relevant databases. Total clinical efficacy, pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, lung high resolution CT (HRCT), 6 min walk test (6-MWT), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, clinical symptom scores, TCM syndrome scores and other outcome indicators related to PF were analyzed. Besides, numerous preclinical studies have shown that many Chinese medicine compounds, Chinese herbal materials and extracts, and CHFs play a preventive and therapeutic role in PF by reducing oxidative stress, ameliorating inflammation, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblasts activation, and regulating autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Chinese medicines show potential as supplements or substitutes for treating PF. And studies on Chinese medicines will provide a new approach to better management of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lijuan Dan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuanyu Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Quanyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Kunitatsu K, Yamamoto Y, Nasu S, Taniji A, Kawashima S, Yamagishi N, Ito T, Inoue S, Kanai Y. Novel Peritoneal Sclerosis Rat Model Developed by Administration of Bleomycin and Lansoprazole. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16108. [PMID: 38003303 PMCID: PMC10671295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In our preliminary experiment, peritoneal sclerosis likely induced by peritoneal dialysis was unexpectedly observed in the livers of rats given bleomycin and lansoprazole. We examined whether this peritoneal thickening around the liver was time-dependently induced by administration of both drugs. Male Wistar rats were injected with bleomycin and/or lansoprazole for 2 or 4 weeks. The 3YB-1 cell line derived from rat fibroblasts was treated by bleomycin and/or lansoprazole for 24 h. The administration of both drugs together, but not individually, thickened the peritoneal tissue around the liver. There was accumulation of collagen fibers, macrophages, and eosinophils under mesothelial cells. Expressions of Col1a1, Mcp1 and Mcp3 genes were increased in the peritoneal tissue around the liver and in 3YB-1 cells by the administration of both drugs together, and Opn genes had increased expressions in this tissue and 3YB-1 cells. Mesothelial cells indicated immunoreactivity against both cytokeratin, a mesothelial cell marker, and αSMA, a fibroblast marker, around the livers of rats given both drugs. Administration of both drugs induced the migration of macrophages and eosinophils and induced fibrosis associated with the possible activation of fibroblasts and the possible promotion of the mesothelial-mesenchymal transition. This might become a novel model of peritoneal sclerosis for peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Kunitatsu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shota Nasu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akira Taniji
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawashima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamagishi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takao Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kanai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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6
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Qin S, Tan P, Xie J, Zhou Y, Zhao J. A systematic review of the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine against pulmonary fibrosis: from a pharmacological perspective. Chin Med 2023; 18:96. [PMID: 37537605 PMCID: PMC10398979 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of etiologies. The disease can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the lung tissue structure, severely affecting respiratory function and posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the main drugs used in the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, but their efficacy is limited and they can cause serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have important research value and potential for clinical application in anti-pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, more and more scientific researches have been conducted on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve or reduce pulmonary fibrosis, and some important breakthroughs have been made. This review paper systematically summarized the research progress of pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and their active compounds in improving or reducing pulmonary fibrosis. We conducted a systematic search in several main scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, natural products, herbal medicine, and therapeutic methods. Ultimately, 252 articles were included and systematically evaluated in this analysis. The anti-fibrotic mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicine studies can be roughly categorized into 5 main aspects, including inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improvement of extracellular matrix deposition, mediation of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The purpose of this article is to provide pharmaceutical researchers with information on the progress of scientific research on improving or reducing Pulmonary fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine, and to provide reference for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Ferreira BA, Souza RAC, de Moura FBR, Silva TDC, Adriano TDS, Franca EDF, de Sousa RMF, Araújo FDA, Lago JHG, de Oliveira A. An In Vivo Assessment of the Effect of Hexane Extract from Endlicheria paniculata Branches and Its Main Compound, Methyldehydrodieugenol B, on Murine Sponge-Induced Inflammation. Molecules 2023; 28:5247. [PMID: 37446907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory potential activity of the hexane extract from branches (HEB) of Endlicheria paniculata (Lauraceae) and its main compound, methyldehydrodieugenol B, in the inflammatory response induced by a murine implant sponge model. HPLC-ESI/MS analysis of HEB led to the identification of six chemically related neolignans, with methyldehydrodieugenol B as the main compound. An in silico analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the identified compounds suggested moderate solubility but good absorption and biodistribution in vivo. Thus, the treatment of mice with HEB using in vivo assays indicated that HEB promoted pro-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antifibrogenic effects, whereas treatment with methyldehydrodieugenol B caused anti-inflammatory, antifibrogenic, and antiangiogenic effects. The obtained results shown the therapeutic potential of HEB and methyldehydrodieugenol B in the treatment of pathologies associated with inflammation and angiogenesis, including chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre 09210-180, Brazil
| | | | - Francyelle Borges Rosa de Moura
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Catalao, Catalao 75704-020, Brazil
| | - Tiara da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Tais da Silva Adriano
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
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Wang Q, Li W, Hu H, Lu X, Qin S. Monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine: New hopes for drug discovery in pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114226. [PMID: 36657302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible pulmonary disease, and can lead to decreased lung function, respiratory failure and even death. The pathogenesis research and treatment strategy of PF significantly lag behind the medical progress and clinical needs. The treatment of this disease remains a thorny clinical problem, and the effective therapeutic drugs are still limited. Monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine own various biological activities and high safety. They play a broad part in treating diseases and is also a candidate drug for preventing and treating PF. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism of action and potential value of various anti-PF monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. These monomeric compounds can attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, epithelial mesenchymal transformation and other processes of lung through many signaling pathways, and inhibit the activation and differentiation of fibroblasts, thus contributing to the treatment of PF. This review can provide new ideas for the development of anti-PF drugs in high efficiency with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xuechao Lu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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9
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Xu C, Shang Z, Najafi M. Lung Pneumonitis and Fibrosis in Cancer Therapy: A Review on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1505-1525. [PMID: 36082868 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220907144131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis and pneumonitis are the most important side effects of lung tissue following cancer therapy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy by some drugs, such as bleomycin, can induce pneumonitis and fibrosis. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy also may induce pneumonitis and fibrosis to a lesser extent compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Activation of lymphocytes by immunotherapy or infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells following chemo/radiation therapy can induce pneumonitis. Furthermore, the polarization of macrophages toward M2 cells and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines stimulate fibrosis. Lung fibrosis and pneumonitis may also be potentiated by some other changes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), oxidative stress, reduction/oxidation (redox) responses, renin-angiotensin system, and the upregulation of some inflammatory mediators such as a nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB), inflammasome, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Damages to the lung vascular system and the induction of hypoxia also can induce pulmonary injury following chemo/radiation therapy. This review explains various mechanisms of the induction of pneumonitis and lung fibrosis following cancer therapy. Furthermore, the targets and promising agents to mitigate lung fibrosis and pneumonitis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Xu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Zhongtu Shang
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Zhou P, Cao Z, Liu Y, Guo T, Yang R, Wang M, Ren X, Wu L, Sun L, Peng C, Wang C, Zhang J. Co-achievement of enhanced absorption and elongated retention of insoluble drug in lungs for inhalation therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yeqing C, Xinsheng F, Liping Z, Fangyuan H, Pengli W. Screening and evaluation of quality markers from Shuangshen Pingfei formula for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using network pharmacology and pharmacodynamic, phytochemical, and pharmacokinetic analyses. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154040. [PMID: 35334302 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Shuangshen Pingfei formula (SSPF), a classic Chinese medicine derivative formula, has been shown to exert therapeutic effects on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the quality control compounds of SSPF remain unclear. PURPOSE To select and confirm Q-markers of SSPF based on network pharmacology, cytobiology, animal-based pharmacodynamics, and phytochemical and pharmacokinetic analyses. METHODS A compound-target network was constructed based on previous research. In addition, high-degree compounds of SSPF were chosen as potential Q-marker candidates. Animal and cytological experiments were performed to verify key targets of IPF. Haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe lung tissue pathology. Cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using ELISA kits. Gene and protein expression levels were determined using PCR and western blotting, respectively. The contents of Q-marker candidates in different batches of SSPF were then determined for traceability research, and the quality consistency of SSPF was objectively evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, pharmacokinetic research was performed, and candidates with desirable metabolite and bioavailability parameters were confirmed as Q-markers of SSPF. RESULTS The compound-target network included 56 compounds and 14 therapeutic targets. Animal experiments showed that SSPF attenuates lung fibrosis. SSPF decreased CC motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and CC chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) levels in the BALF and downregulated the gene and protein expression of IPF therapy-related molecules, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A), CCL2, and CCR2, in the lungs. Cell experiments showed that nine Q-marker candidates in SSPF regulated the expression of CCL2 and CCR2, as predicted. Phytochemical analysis and PCA indicated that the qualities of SSPF in the nine batches were relatively stable. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that mangiferin, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, naringin, and glycyrrhizic acid could be effectively absorbed into rat plasma, which ensured desirable bioavailability and confirmed their roles as Q-markers to represent anti-pulmonary fibrotic activity. CONCLUSION Our study is an integrated strategy, based on network pharmacology with experimental verification and phytochemical and pharmacokinetic analyses that provides a novel approach for Q-marker selection and validation of SSPF for IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yeqing
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fan Xinsheng
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhou Liping
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hu Fangyuan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Pengli
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Wu Z, Jia M, Zhao W, Huang X, Yang X, Chen D, Qiaolongbatu X, Li X, Wu J, Qian F, Lou Y, Fan G. Schisandrol A, the main active ingredient of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, inhibits pulmonary fibrosis through suppression of the TGF-β signaling pathway as revealed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115031. [PMID: 35091014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis decoction derived from the book of Waitai Miyao (Tao Wang, Tang dynasty) is often used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is included in the Grand Ceremony of Chinese formulae (Huairen Peng, 1994). Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Sch) is one of the most important herbs in this formula. According to the "Shennong's Herbal Classicherbal" of the Han Dynasty, Sch has sour taste, warm nature, which has the effect of tonifying qi and curing cough. In addition, according to the "Compendium of Materia Medica" of the Ming Dynasty, Sch is used to treat cough and asthma, which has the effect of moistening the lung and tonifying the kidney. However, the active ingredients of Sch absorption into the plasma and its pharmacological mechanism of treatment for IPF still remained unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Our research aimed at identifying the absorbed active ingredients and metabolized of Sch in rat plasma and the mechanism of anti-IPF based on serum pharmacochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the rats were divided into control group and Sch group. Sch sample was orally administrated to the rats for seven days. The blood samples were drawn into an Eppendorf tube after the last dosing. The ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was applied to identify the absorption components and metabolites of Sch in rat plasma. Second, the network pharmacology combined with molecular docking analysis was further investigated to illuminate its potential mechanism of treatment for IPF by the biological targets regulating related pathways. Finally, the mechanism of action was verified by experimental in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS A total of 78 compounds, consist of 13 prototype lignans and 65 metabolites (including isomers) were identified. Network pharmacology study and molecular docking analysis indicated that schisandrol A (L1) play an anti-fibrosis role by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. Experimental in vitro and in vivo verified that the schisandrol A could inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis through TGF-β signaling pathway. The effect and mechanism of schisandrol A inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis were reported for the first time. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the absorption active ingredients of Sch in rat plasma were combined with the network pharmacology investigation and experimental in vitro and in vivo to elucidate its biological mechanism of treatment for IPF. The results provided a theoretical support for understanding the bioactive compounds and the pharmacological mechanism of Sch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Mengqi Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xucong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Xinyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Dongxin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xijier Qiaolongbatu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, PR China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
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Lee SH, Shin MH, Leem AY, Lee SH, Chung KS, Kim YS, Park MS. NADPH oxidase 4 signaling in a ventilator-induced lung injury mouse model. Respir Res 2022; 23:73. [PMID: 35346198 PMCID: PMC8962540 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a ventilator is essential to supply oxygen to tissues, but it may also cause lung damage. In this study, we investigated the role of NOX4 using NOX4 knockout (KO) mice and NOX4 inhibitors in a ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) model. Methods Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6J mice and NOX4 knockout (KO) male mice were divided into five groups: (1) control group; (2) high tidal ventilation (HTV) group: WT mice + HTV ± DMSO; (3) NOX4 KO group; (4) NOX4 KO with HTV group; (5) NOX4 inhibitor group: WT mice + HTV + NOX4 inhibitor. In the VILI model, the supine position was maintained at 24 mL/kg volume, 0 cm H2O PEEP, 100/min respiratory rate, and 0.21 inspired oxygen fraction. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, 50 μL anti-GKT 137831 inhibitor was injected intraperitoneally, 2 h after ventilator use. After 5 h of HTV, mice in the ventilator group were euthanized, and their lung tissues were obtained for further analysis. In addition, the relationship between EphA2 (which is related to lung injury) and NOX4 was investigated using EphA2 KO mice, and NOX4 and EphA2 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 38 patients with pneumonia were examined. Results Cell counts from BALFs were significantly lower in the NOX4 KO with HTV group (p < 0.01) and EphA2 KO with HTV group (p < 0.001) compared to that in the HTV group. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, cell counts and protein concentrations from BALF were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (both, p < 0.001). In the NOX4 KO group and the NOX4 inhibitor group, EphA2 levels were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (p < 0.001). In patients with respiratory disease, NOX4 and EphA2 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and patients who received ventilator treatment in the intensive care unit. Conclusion In the VILI model with high tidal volume, NOX4 KO, EphA2 KO or monoclonal antibodies attenuated the VILI. NOX4 and EphA2 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and especially in mechanical ventilated in the ICU. Inhibition of Nox4 is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and reduction of VILI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01992-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Ah Young Leem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Su Hwan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
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Wang Y, Wang L, Luo R, Sun Y, Zou M, Wang T, Guo Q, Peng X. Glycyrrhizic Acid against Mycoplasma gallisepticum-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis Through Suppressing the MAPK Pathway in Chickens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1996-2009. [PMID: 35128924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the primary pathogen of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in chickens. In poultry production, antibiotics are mostly used to prevent and control MG infection, but the drug resistance and residue problems caused by them cannot be ignored. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is derived from licorice, a herb traditionally used to treat various respiratory diseases. Our study results showed that GA significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of pMGA1.2 and GapA in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the network pharmacology study revealed that GA most probably resisted MG infection through the MAPK signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that GA inhibited MG-induced expression of MMP2/MMP9 and inflammatory factors through the p38 and JUN signaling pathways, but not the ERK pathway in vitro. Besides, histopathological sections showed that GA treatment obviously attenuated tracheal and lung damage caused by MG invasion. In conclusion, GA can inhibit MG-triggered inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of MMP2/MMP9 through the JNK and p38 pathways and inhibit the expression of virulence genes to resist MG. Our results suggest that GA might serve as one of the antibiotic alternatives to prevent MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Ronglong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Yingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Mengyun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
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Bisht D, Rashid M, Arya RKK, Kumar D, Chaudhary SK, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. Revisiting liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as anti-inflammatory, antivirals and immunomodulators: Potential pharmacological applications with mechanistic insight. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100206. [PMID: 35403088 PMCID: PMC8683220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments. METHOD Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper. RESULTS The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on G. glabra and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on G. glabra and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSION Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Mohmmad Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Al-Qassim, 31717, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | | | - Vijay Singh Rana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Neeraj K Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
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Bottoni M, Milani F, Galimberti PM, Vignati L, Romanini PL, Lavezzo L, Martinetti L, Giuliani C, Fico G. Ca' Granda, Hortus simplicium: Restoring an Ancient Medicinal Garden of XV-XIX Century in Milan (Italy). Molecules 2021; 26:6933. [PMID: 34834025 PMCID: PMC8620247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is based on the study of 150 majolica vases dated back to the mid XVII century that once preserved medicinal remedies prepared in the ancient Pharmacy annexed to the Ospedale Maggiore Ca' Granda in Milan (Lombardy, Italy). The Hortus simplicium was created in 1641 as a source of plant-based ingredients for those remedies. The main objective of the present work is to lay the knowledge base for the restoration of the ancient Garden for educational and informative purposes. Therefore, the following complementary phases were carried out: (i) the analysis of the inscriptions on the jars, along with the survey on historical medical texts, allowing for the positive identification of the plant ingredients of the remedies and their ancient use as medicines; (ii) the bibliographic research in modern pharmacological literature in order to validate or refute the historical uses; (iii) the realization of the checklist of plants potentially present in cultivation at the ancient Garden, concurrently with the comparison with the results of a previous in situ archaeobotanical study concerning pollen grains. For the species selection, considerations were made also regarding drug amounts in the remedies and pedoclimatic conditions of the study area. Out of the 150 vases, 108 contained plant-based remedies, corresponding to 148 taxa. The remedies mainly treated gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. At least one of the medicinal uses was validated in scientific literature for 112 out of the 148 examined species. Finally, a checklist of 40 taxa, presumably hosted in the Hortus simplicium, was assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (P.L.R.); (L.L.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (P.L.R.); (L.L.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Paolo M. Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 28, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Vignati
- Landscape Ecomuseum of Parabiago, P.za della Vittoria 7, 20015 Milan, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Luise Romanini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (P.L.R.); (L.L.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Luca Lavezzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (P.L.R.); (L.L.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Livia Martinetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (P.L.R.); (L.L.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (P.L.R.); (L.L.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
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Zhu ZH, Li X, He LF, Cai HF, Ye B, Wu ZM. Glycyrrhizic acid, as an inhibitor of HMGB1, alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice through the MAPK and Smad3 pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:461-470. [PMID: 34142927 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1939371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been noticed particularly for its pivotal role in several pathologies. However, the relevance between HMGB1 and pathological progress in lung toxicity still remains unclear. In the study, we evaluated the effect of glycyrrhizic acid as an HMGB1 inhibitor on the early inflammation and late fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice. METHODS We established a bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity model to detect the relevance between HMGB1 and pathological changes in the early inflammatory and late fibrotic stages. RESULTS We found that bleomycin-induced increase in inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and inflammatory lesions in lung tissue in the early stage of the model. However, markers of fibrosis such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly elevated on day 7 after bleomycin instillation. Interestingly, HMGB1 also began to rise on day 7, rather than in the early inflammatory phase. However, early (from day 0 to 14 after bleomycin instillation) or late (from day 14 to 28) intervention with HMGB1 neutralizing antibody or glycyrrhizic acid alleviated inflammation and fibrosis through down-regulating the inflammatory signaling mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and fibrotic signaling Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that HMGB1 mediates both inflammation and fibrosis in this model. The development of high-potency and low-toxicity HMGB1 inhibitors may be a class of potential drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zhu
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lin-Feng He
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - He-Fei Cai
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhong-Min Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Sun X, Kang Y, Xue S, Zou J, Xu J, Tang D, Qin H. In vivo therapeutic success of MicroRNA-155 antagomir in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:S160-S169. [PMID: 32506869 PMCID: PMC8009162 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether miRNA antagomirs could serve as potential therapeutic agents in interstitial lung diseases. METHODS A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM). Using microarray analysis, up-regulated miRNAs were identified during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. miR-155 was chosen as the candidate miRNA. Fifteen mice were then randomized into the following three groups: BLM + antagomiR-155 group, treated with BLM plus intravenously injected with antagomiR-155; BLM group, treated with intratracheal BLM plus phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); and a control group, treated with PBS only. Lung tissues were collected for histopathological analysis, hydroxyproline measurement, and Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the measurement of cytokines associated with pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS Histological changes and hydroxyproline levels induced by BLM were significantly inhibited by antagomiR-155. The levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression were increased after BLM treatment. However, miR-155 silencing decreased the expression of IL-4, TGF-β, and interferon-γ. TGF-β-activated kinase 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7)-binding protein 2 (TAB2) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, was activated by BLM and inhibited by in vivo silencing of miR-155 via antagomiR-155. CONCLUSION In vivo treatment with antagomiR-155 alleviated the pathological changes induced by BLM and may be a promising therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Respiratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Respiratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabo Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoqiang Tang
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to Hui Qin, M.D. Department of Respiratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China Tel: +86-68383101 Fax: +86-2168383101 E-mail:
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Liu MM, Zhou J, Ji D, Yang J, Huang YP, Wang Q. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate lipid ligand ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by modulating vascular endothelial barrier function. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 33717246 PMCID: PMC7885082 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate lipid ligand (DGLL) treatment on acute lung injury (ALI) and pulmonary edema induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats orally received 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg DGLL. After 1 h, the rat ALI model was established by LPS (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection. After 6 h, lung injury was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. Pulmonary edema was evaluated using lung wet-dry weight ratio, protein concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and Evans blue (EB) extravasation in lung tissue. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in lung tissues were measured using ELISA. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression levels were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Western blotting was used to measure the expression level changes of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, as well as adherent and tight junction proteins, including vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-1 that were associated with pulmonary inflammation and microvascular permeability. DGLL treatment significantly alleviated ALI induced by LPS, which was demonstrated by reduction of MPO-positive cells and expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1 in rat lung tissues. In addition, DGLL abrogated LPS-induced pulmonary edema, decreased the protein concentration in BALF and reduced EB extravasation. DGLL also reversed the reduced expression of VE-cadherin and tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, occludin and JAM-1 in the lung tissues caused by LPS. In conclusion, DGLL exhibits a protective effect on LPS-induced rat ALI, which is associated with the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and microvascular barrier disruption. The present results provide a theoretical basis for the application of DGLL for the potential clinical treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Dan Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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Zhou Y, Men L, Sun Y, Wei M, Fan X. Pharmacodynamic effects and molecular mechanisms of lignans from Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.), a current review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173796. [PMID: 33345853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruit of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) (S. chinensis) is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in China, Korea, and many other east Asian countries. At present, S. chinensis commonly forms Chinese medicinal formulae with other herbal medicines to treat liver disease and neurological disease in clinical. Modern researches indicated that lignans were the main active ingredients of S. chinensis with high content and novel dibenzocyclooctadiene skeletal structure, exhibited considerable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, some of these lignans also showed certain potentials in anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, and other effects. In the current review, we summarize literature reported lignans from S. chinensis in the past five years, and highlight the molecular mechanisms of lignans in exerting their biological functions. Also, we point out some deficiencies of existing researches and discuss the future direction of lignans study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Lihui Men
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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21
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Souza RAC, Ferreira BA, Moura FBRD, Costa Silva TD, Cavalcanti F, Franca EDF, Sousa RMFD, Febronio JDL, Lago JHG, Araújo FDA, de Oliveira A. Dehydrodieugenol B and hexane extract from Endlicheria paniculata regulate inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition induced by a murine sponge model. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104767. [PMID: 33122131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the evaluation of hexane extract from Endlicheria paniculata and its main metabolite dehydrodieugenol B in the inflammatory response induced by a murine implant sponge model. As a result, a reduction in the inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) and number of mast cells were observed in comparison to the control group. All doses were also able to reduce angiogenic parameters evaluated in fibrovascular tissue. In implants treated with dehydrodieugenol B a reduction in total collagen deposition and types I and III collagen fibers were observed, while an increased in total collagen deposition and types I and III collagen fibers were observed in the treatment with hexane extract. Docking studies into cyclooxygenase-2 active site revealed that the dehydrodieugenol B had binding modes and energies comparable with celecoxib, diclofenac and ibuprofen. Therefore, dehydrodieugenol B was able to alter key components of chronic inflammation, resulting in a reduced inflammatory response and also presenting antifibrogenic and antiangiogenic effects. However, treatment with hexane extract resulted in a reduced inflammatory response with antiangiogenic effects, but caused fibrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Tiara da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cavalcanti
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jenifer de Lima Febronio
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09210-180 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
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Yan C, Gao L, Qiu X, Deng C. Schisandrin B synergizes docetaxel-induced restriction of growth and invasion of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1157. [PMID: 33241006 PMCID: PMC7576040 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is a prevalent tumor in women. Here we investigated the synergic effects of Schisandrin B (Sch B), an active compound extracted from the Chinese herb Schisandra Chinensis, in docetaxel (DTX)-induced restriction of growth and invasion of cervical cancer. Methods Caski cells were treated with Sch B and DTX for 24 hours. In vitro effects were investigated with Cell counting kit-8, western blotting, colony-forming, Transwell, Annexin V-FITC enabled flow cytometry. Then, in vivo experiments were engaged with Sch B (20 mg/kg) and DTX (10 mg/kg) for 30 days, and IHC were applied to validate the effects in vivo. Results Both Sch B and DTX reduced cell viability, inhibited colony formatting, induced apoptosis, and limited cell invasion. Co-administration of Sch B and DTX more significantly enhanced these changes. The relative levels of HPV infection and tumor progression related proteins p-AKT/AKT, NF-kappaB, Cyclin D1, CDK-4, MMP-9, Notch1, β-catenin and p-p38/p38 were markedly inactivated. The effects of Sch B in cervical cancer were further confirmed in Caski cell-xenograft BALB/c nude mice. Co-administration of Sch B enhanced the anti-tumor effects of DTX in vivo, inhibited tumor formation, increased apoptotic cells, and reduced Ki67 and N-cadherin expression. Conclusions Altogether, Sch B enhanced the anti-tumor effects of DTX in vitro and in vivo via growth, invasion, and apoptosis regulating. The results supported therapies of co-administering Sch B and DTX to be developed in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Hospital of Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liya Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Qiu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
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Insights into the Role of Bioactive Food Ingredients and the Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176051. [PMID: 32842664 PMCID: PMC7503951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease mainly associated with aging and, to date, its causes are still largely unknown. It has been shown that dietary habits can accelerate or delay the occurrence of aging-related diseases; however, their potential role in IPF development has been underestimated so far. The present review summarizes the evidence regarding the relationship between diet and IPF in humans, and in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, in which we discuss the bioactivity of specific dietary food ingredients, including fatty acids, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. Interestingly, many animal studies reveal preventive and therapeutic effects of particular compounds. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that the lung and gut microbiota could be involved in IPF, a relationship which may be linked to changes in immunological and inflammatory factors. Thus, all the evidence so far puts forward the idea that the gut-lung axis could be modulated by dietary factors, which in turn have an influence on IPF development. Overall, the data reviewed here support the notion of identifying food ingredients with potential benefits in IPF, with the ultimate aim of designing nutritional approaches as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy.
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Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
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Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107618. [PMID: 32592716 PMCID: PMC7311916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe and efficient drugs to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic are urgently needed. In this context, we have analyzed the anti-coronavirus potential of the natural product glycyrrhizic acid (GLR), a drug used to treat liver diseases (including viral hepatitis) and specific cutaneous inflammation (such as atopic dermatitis) in some countries. The properties of GLR and its primary active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid are presented and discussed. GLR has shown activities against different viruses, including SARS-associated Human and animal coronaviruses. GLR is a non-hemolytic saponin and a potent immuno-active anti-inflammatory agent which displays both cytoplasmic and membrane effects. At the membrane level, GLR induces cholesterol-dependent disorganization of lipid rafts which are important for the entry of coronavirus into cells. At the intracellular and circulating levels, GLR can trap the high mobility group box 1 protein and thus blocks the alarmin functions of HMGB1. We used molecular docking to characterize further and discuss both the cholesterol- and HMG box-binding functions of GLR. The membrane and cytoplasmic effects of GLR, coupled with its long-established medical use as a relatively safe drug, make GLR a good candidate to be tested against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, alone and in combination with other drugs. The rational supporting combinations with (hydroxy)chloroquine and tenofovir (two drugs active against SARS-CoV-2) is also discussed. Based on this analysis, we conclude that GLR should be further considered and rapidly evaluated for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Liu X, Chen H, Su G, Song P, Jiang M, Gong J. An animal research and a chemical composition analysis of a Chinese prescription for pulmonary fibrosis: Yangfei Huoxue Decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112126. [PMID: 31421181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive disease characterized by the aberrant accumulation of fibrotic tissue in the lungs parenchyma, associated with significant morbidity. Few effective drugs have been developed to reverse PF or even halt the disease progression. Yangfei Huoxue Decoction (YHD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine, which consisted of Astragalus membranacus(AM), Glehnia littoralis(GL), Schisandra chinensis(SC), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SB), Reynoutria japonica(RJ), Ligusticum chuanxiong(LX), and Euonymus alatus(EA) , has been used in China for the treatment of PF for many years with remarkable efficacy. According to the clinic observation of the results, we conducted experiments on animals, the process of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats was interfered by YHD, through the detection of pulmonary fibrosis rats' blood cells and plasma, we selected the related molecules that may exert proinflammatory(IL-1β), promote angiogenesis(vascular endothelial growth factor ,VEGF). For further explicitly research, we should know what the chemical composition the prescription (YHD) contains and what the related bioactive components have. In accordance with in-house library and evaluating the characteristic MS fragmentation patterns, the schisandra chinensis methanol, lignin, flavonol, polyphenol, tanshinone, salvianolic acid, anthraquinone, ligustrazine, etc. had a retardant and inhibitory effect on the development and formation of pulmonary fibrosis. These results will aid in the quality control of YHD, as well as provide fundamental data for further pharmaco-mechanisms studies. AIM OF THE STUDY To discover the pulmonary immune related bioactive components of YHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal Experiment:144 SD rats, based on the principles of randomization divided into eight groups, Control group, bleomycin(BLM) group, BLM + dexamethasone(BLM + DXM) group, BLM + Yangfei(YF) group, BLM + Huoxue(HX) group, BLM + high-doseYHD(YHD-H) group, BLM + medium-doseYHD(YHD-M) group, and BLM + low-doseYHD(YHD-L) group, each group of 18 rats. After endotracheal administration of Bleomycin by tracheotomy, rats were sacrificed on day 7, day 14 and day 28, blood and plasma were taken at the same time. Respectively, the VEGF, an immune molecule associated with angiogenesis, and IL-1β in plasma were detected by ELISA at three time periods. Component testing: 100 g YHD were constituted of SB 15 g, LX 12 g, EA 10 g, RJ 15 g, AM 20 g, GL 20 g and SC 8 g. All herbs were obtained from Beijing Tong Ren Tang (Group) Co ltd. The voucher specimens were identified by Prof. Jiening Gong (Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine). YHD were extracted by sonication with 1 L ethanol/water (70:30, v/v) for two cycle (1 h per cycle) at room temperature. The combined extracts were filtered, condensed, and reconstituted with 50 mL methanol before analysis. Standard Cianidanol, Ferulic Acid, Polydatin, Calycosin 7-O-glucoside, Tanshinone IIA, Salvianolic acid B, Schizandrol A, and Isoimperatorin were prepared in methanol. After centrifuging at 20,000 rpm for 10 min, 4 μL supernatant was injected into the Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MSE) combined with UNIFI informatics platform for analysis. CONCLUSION The experiment results revealed that the vascularized VEGF, inflammatory factor expression of IL-1β was restrained by YHD. The UPLC/QTOF-MSE method, an automatic database screening platform and the characteristic MS fragmentation patterns have efficiently facilitated the post data process, so we test for the identification of major components in YHD by this technology, more than seven or more active ingredients, the results showed that YHD contained a total of 55 components, including 11 lignans, 12 flavonoids, 7 tanshinones, 9 organic acid, 5 polyphenols, 4 anthraquinones, 5 senkyunolides and 2 others. Based on this, we can ensure the discovery and analysis of biologically active compounds in YHD, as well as provide a reference for the quality evaluation. We expect the method presented here could be applied to other multi-component TCM formula. In addition, we can conduct more in-depth research, such as mechanism research, molecular detection, gene target and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R.China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Guangbao Su
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Song
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Miao Jiang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Jiening Gong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
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Cao G, Li S, Shi H, Yin P, Chen J, Li H, Zhong Y, Diao LT, Du B. Schisandrin B attenuates renal fibrosis via miR-30e-mediated inhibition of EMT. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 385:114769. [PMID: 31697999 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is the main pathologic feature of end-stage renal disease. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of proximal tubular cells (PTCs) is one of the most significant features of TIF. MicroRNAs play critical roles during EMT in TIF. However, whether miRNAs can be used as therapeutic targets in TIF therapy remains undetermined. We found that miR-30e, a member of the miR-30 family, is deregulated in TGF-β1-induced PTCs, TIF mice and human fibrotic kidney tissues. Moreover, transcription factors that induce EMT, such as snail, slug, and Zeb2, were direct targets of miR-30e. Using a cell-based miR-30e promoter luciferase reporter system, Schisandrin B (Sch B) was selected for the enhancement of miR-30e transcriptional activity. Our results indicate that Sch B can decrease the expression of snail, slug, and Zeb2, thereby attenuating the EMT of PTCs during TIF by upregulating miR-30e, both in vivo and in vitro. This study shows that miR-30e can serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with TIF and that Sch B may potentially be used in therapy against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hezhan Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peidi Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jialing Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-Ting Diao
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Schisandrin B attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4645-4652. [PMID: 31798701 PMCID: PMC6878904 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of schisandrin B (Sch B) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: i) Sham (n=12); ii) transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n=12); and iii) Sch B-treated (n=12; 80 mg·kg−1·d−1 per gavage). The model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by constricting the descending branch of the aortic arch. Following a 4-week treatment period, cardiac remodeling was evaluated using echocardiography and pathological and molecular analysis. Sch B improved cardiac function in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Moreover, the Sch B-treated group had a smaller myocardial cell cross-sectional area and less fibrosis compared with the TAC group. The protein expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis markers in the TAC group were significantly higher compared with those in the sham group. The same markers in the Sch B-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the TAC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were significantly lower in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Further in vitro investigation demonstrated that Sch B prevented the adverse effects of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, Sch B may improve pathological myocardial remodeling and cardiac function induced by pressure overload, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Zhuang W, Li Z, Dong X, Zhao N, Liu Y, Wang C, Chen J. Schisandrin B inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human A549 cells through epigenetic silencing of ZEB1. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:157-166. [PMID: 31268360 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1631906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: More and more evidences suggest that airway remodeling of fibrotic lung diseases may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human A549 cells induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Schisandrin B (Sch B) is the highest content of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory influences of Sch B on TGF-β1-stimulated EMT in human A549 cells. Materials and Methods: The influences of Sch B on cell viability, invasion and metastasis in TGF-β1-induced human A549 cells were detected by MTT, wound healing and transwell invasion assays. The expression levels of α-SMA, E-cadherin, ZEB1 and Twist1 were examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 at the ZEB1 promoter was determined by ChIP analysis. Results: Experimental results showed that Sch B increased the expression of the epithelial phenotype marker E-cadherin and inhibited the expression of the mesenchymal phenotype marker α-SMA during EMT induced by TGF-β1. The enhancement in invasion and migration of TGF-β1-induced A549 cells was inhibited by Sch B. Sch B also repressed the expression of ZEB1 transcription factor in EMT, by increasing the enrichment of H3K9me3 at the ZEB1 promoter to repress its transcription while the expression of the Twist1 transcription factor was unaffected. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Sch B can prevent TGF-β1-stimulated EMT in A549 cells through epigenetic silencing of ZEB1, which may be clinically related to the efficient treatment of EMT-associated fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zhuang
- a Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique , College of Medical Technology, Beihua University , Jilin , China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- b Department of Clinical Examination Basis , Laboratory Academy, Jilin Medical College , Jilin , China
| | - Xiaoman Dong
- a Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique , College of Medical Technology, Beihua University , Jilin , China
| | - Na Zhao
- a Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique , College of Medical Technology, Beihua University , Jilin , China
| | - Yan Liu
- a Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique , College of Medical Technology, Beihua University , Jilin , China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- c Department of Pharmacology , College of Pharmacy, Beihua University , Jilin , China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- c Department of Pharmacology , College of Pharmacy, Beihua University , Jilin , China
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Li WW, Wang TY, Cao B, Liu B, Rong YM, Wang JJ, Wei F, Wei LQ, Chen H, Liu YX. Synergistic protection of matrine and lycopene against lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute lung injury in mice. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:455-462. [PMID: 31180535 PMCID: PMC6580025 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and is characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs. Increased production of reactive oxygen species is hypothesized to be associated with ALI. Matrine and lycopene are active products present in traditional Chinese medicine. Matrine is an effective inhibitor of inflammation, whereas lycopene decreases lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it was hypothesized that combinatorial treatment with matrine and lycopene may provide synergistic protection against ALI. In the present study, mice were treated with dexamethasone (DEX; 5 mg/kg), matrine (25 mg/kg), lycopene (100 mg/kg), and matrine (25 mg/kg) + lycopene (100 mg/kg) for 7 days prior to injury induction using lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) for 6 h. Lung tissues were collected following the sacrifice of the mice and hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and myeloperoxidas (MPO) levels were examined by respective kits. The expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated by ELISA. The expressions of IκBα and NF-κB p65 were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that the combined treatment exhibited a similar effect to DEX, both of which attenuated lung structural injuries, downregulated the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, MPO and MDA, and upregulated that of GSH. Furthermore, the combined treatment and DEX inhibited NF-κB p65 activation. The present study revealed that combined treatment with matrine and lycopene exhibited protective effects on an LPS-induced mouse model of ALI, suggesting that they may serve as a potential alternative to glucocorticoid therapy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Health Service, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300300, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Rong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Qing Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Health Service, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300300, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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Samareh Fekri M, Poursalehi HR, Sharififar F, Mandegary A, Rostamzadeh F, Mahmoodi R. The effects of methanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on the prevention and treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat: experimental study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:365-371. [PMID: 31072167 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1606232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by dyspnea and progressive loss of lung function. In this study, the preventive and therapeutic effects of methanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on pulmonary fibrosis were investigated. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by administration of bleomycin (BLM) into the left lung of rats. Methyl-prednisolone (M-pred, 4 mg/kg) and methanolic extract of G. glabra (500 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally from the 1st to 14th days in the preventive group and from the 14th to 28th days in the therapeutic group once every day. Pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic indices were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome, respectively. The level of hydroxyproline as an index of pulmonary fibrosis and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress biomarker and catalase were measured by the related ELISA Kits. Pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic indices in the G. glabra and M-pred groups significantly reduced compared with BLM group. G. glabra decreased the level of hydroxyproline in pulmonary tissue similar to M-pred. MDA reduced in G. glabra and M-pred groups compared with BLM group. The activity of catalase increased in the G. glabra preventive group. According to the results, G. glabra prevented and treated pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in rats. Therefore, G. glabra may be suggested for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Samareh Fekri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Poursalehi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rahil Mahmoodi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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Rong Y, Cao B, Liu B, Li W, Chen Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Liu T. A novel Gallic acid derivative attenuates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:183-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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33
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Chen DQ, Feng YL, Cao G, Zhao YY. Natural Products as a Source for Antifibrosis Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:937-952. [PMID: 30268571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although fibrosis is a final pathological feature of many chronic diseases, few interventions are available that specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Natural products are becoming increasingly recognized as effective therapies for fibrosis. The highlights of common cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis facilitate the discovery of effective antifibrotic drugs. We describe some new profibrotic mechanisms and corresponding therapeutic targets using natural products. Interleukin, ephrin-B2, Gas6/TAM, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog pathway, PPARγ, lysophosphatidic acid, and CTGF are promising therapeutic targets. Natural products can target these mediators and inhibit chronic inflammation, myofibroblast activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix accumulation to alleviate fibrosis. Of note, natural products have the potential to inhibit fibrosis in one organ, simultaneously targeting fibrosis in multiple other organs, which provides us new strategies to find antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Jia R, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhao H, Liu F, Wang H, Miao M, Wang Q, Liu Y. Protective effects of Schisandrin B on cigarette smoke-induced airway injury in mice through Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 53:11-16. [PMID: 29031142 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (SchB), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the protective effects of SchB on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation remain unclear. This study was to investigate the effects of SchB on CS-induced lung inflammation in mice. The mice were exposed to CS to develop lung inflammation. SchB was given 1h before CS exposure daily for five consecutive days. The levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured in this study. SOD, GSH, MPO and MDA contents were also detected. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf-2 and NF-κB were detected by western blot analysis. Histopathological analyses showed that SchB had protective effects against CS-induced lung inflammation. The levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BALF were also inhibited by SchB. CS-induced MPO activity and MDA content were inhibited by SchB. The levels of SOD and GSH were up-regulated by SchB. SchB significantly inhibited CS-induced NF-κB activation and up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. In conclusion, these data suggest that SchB protects against CS-induced lung inflammation by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichun Jia
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Haogang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Meijuan Miao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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