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Gao M, Zhu R, Long X, Guo T. Preparation of Rubra (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) extract and studies in activity and skin penetration. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38949641 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2371101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The inhibition rate of tyrosinase activity was used to determine extraction solvent of Paeoniae Radix Rubra extract (PRRE), which was established quality control standards by HPLC and verified the antioxidant activity. Ternary phase diagram was used to screen the best formulation of PRRE nanoemulsion, the skin permeability of PRRE and nanoemulsion were compared. The results show that 70% ethanol as the extraction solvent were highest (88.89%) and the contents of catechin (CC) and paeoniflorin (PF) in PRRE were 0.145 ± 0.0006 μg/mg and 21.783 ± 0.0247 μg/mg, respectively. The inhibition rate of PRRE on pyrogallol autoxidation was 6.94% ± 0.53%. The optimal formulation is Isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase, Ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil (RH40) as emulsifier, glycerine as coemulsifier, Km 3:1. The skin penetration of CC in PRRE nanoemulsion (0.79 ± 0.04 μg·cm-2) was significantly higher than that PRRE (0.17 ± 0.09 μg·cm-2) after 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu Z, Guo X, Li S, Lu M, Guo Q, Liu X, Wang Y, Han Y, Liu H. Efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers: a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1209075. [PMID: 37601076 PMCID: PMC10437069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1209075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There has been a lack of treatments available to lower the frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs) until now. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) is a botanical drug extracted from the dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. [Ranunculaceae; Paeoniae Radix Alba]. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TGP in the treatment of RAU. Methods: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900025623). Patients were randomly assigned to the TGP or placebo group and treated with 1.8 g/day for 24 weeks. Participants were observed for a total of 36 weeks and were asked to record ulcer severity, medication, and adverse reactions in the form of diaries or apps every day. The primary outcome was the monthly ulcer-free interval. Results: A total of 79 individuals were enrolled, with 40 assigned to the TGP group and 39 to the placebo group. The dropout rate was 18.18%. In the TGP group, the monthly ulcer-free interval was significantly longer than baseline (median, 9.6 days) since weeks 13-24 (median, 18.5 days) (p < 0.05), and after discontinuation, it was further prolonged (median, 24.7 days) than in weeks 13-24 (p < 0.05). In addition, the monthly ulcer-free interval was longer in the TGP group than in the placebo group (median, 15.9 days) at weeks 25-36 (p < 0.001). There were better improvements in the monthly number of ulcers and monthly area of ulcers, and visual analog scoring in the TGP group at weeks 25-36 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: TGP had a good long-term therapeutic effect on RAU with frequent occurrence. Systematic Review Registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900025623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College and Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Lu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyun Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Niu Y, Zhang J, Shi D, Zang W, Niu J. Glycosides as Potential Medicinal Components for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5210. [PMID: 37446872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific disease of unknown etiology. The disease develops mainly in the rectum or colon, and the main clinical symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and purulent bloody stools, with a wide variation in severity. The specific causative factors and pathogenesis of the disease are not yet clear, but most scholars believe that the disease is caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, infectious, immune, and intestinal flora factors. As for the treatment of UC, medications are commonly used in clinical practice, mainly including aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive drugs. However, due to the many complications associated with conventional drug therapy and the tendency for UC to recur, there is an urgent need to discover new, safer, and more effective drugs. Natural compounds with biodiversity and chemical structure diversity from medicinal plants are the most reliable source for the development of new drug precursors. Evidence suggests that glycosides may reduce the development and progression of UC by modulating anti-inflammatory responses, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing abnormal immune responses, and regulating signal transduction. In this manuscript, we provide a review of the epidemiology of UC and the available drugs for disease prevention and treatment. In addition, we demonstrate the protective or therapeutic role of glycosides in UC and describe the possible mechanisms of action to provide a theoretical basis for preclinical studies in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dianhua Shi
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Weibiao Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Yuan X, Wang D. Treatment with paeoniflorin increases lifespan of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected Caenorhabditis elegans by inhibiting bacterial accumulation in intestinal lumen and biofilm formation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114219. [PMID: 37050896 PMCID: PMC10083309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin is one of the important components in Paeoniaceae plants. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a bacterial pathogen to investigate the possible role of paeoniflorin treatment against P. aeruginosa infection in the host and the underlying mechanisms. Posttreatment with 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin could significantly increase the lifespan of P. aeruginosa infected nematodes. After the infection, the P. aeruginosa colony-forming unit (CFU) and P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen were also obviously reduced by 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin treatment. The beneficial effects of paeoniflorin treatment in increasing lifespan in P. aeruginosa infected nematodes and in reducing P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen could be inhibited by RNAi of pmk-1, egl-1, and bar-1. In addition, paeoniflorin treatment suppressed the inhibition in expressions of pmk-1, egl-1, and bar-1 caused by P. aeruginosa infection in nematodes, suggesting that paeoniflorin could increase lifespan of P. aeruginosa infected nematode by activating PMK-1, EGL-1, and BAR-1. Moreover, although treatment with 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin did not show obvious anti-P. aeruginosa activity, the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and expressions of related virulence genes (pelA, pelB, phzA, lasB, lasR, rhlA, and rhlC) were significantly inhibited by paeoniflorin treatment. Treatment with 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin could further decrease the levels of related virulence factors of pyocyanin, elastase, and rhamnolipid. In addition, 2.5–10 mg/L paeoniflorin treatment could inhibit the swimming, swarming, and twitching motility of P. aeruginosa, and treatment with 2.5–10 mg/L paeoniflorin reduced the cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) level. Therefore, paeoniflorin treatment has the potential to extend lifespan of P. aeruginosa infected hosts by reducing bacterial accumulation in intestinal lumen and inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation.
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Zhao Y, Li H, Li X, Sun Y, Shao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Network pharmacology-based analysis and experimental in vitro validation on the mechanism of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the treatment for type I allergy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:199. [PMID: 35879791 PMCID: PMC9317138 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The incidence of allergic reaction is increasing year by year, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(PLP) is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation. Previous studies have shown that PLP has potential anti-allergic activity. However, there is still no comprehensive analysis of the targeted effects and exact molecular mechanisms of the anti-allergic components of PLP. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of PLP. in the treatment of type I allergy by combining network pharmacological methods and experimental verification.
Methods
First, we used the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database and analysis platform to screen the main components and targets of PLP, and then used databases such as GeneCards to retrieve target information related to ‘allergy’. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis obtained the core target genes in the intersection target, and then imported the intersection target into the David database for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of paeoniflorin, the main component of PLP, on IgE-induced type I allergy was evaluated in vitro.
Results
GO analysis obtained the main biological processes, cell components and molecular functions involved in the target genes. KEGG analysis screened out MAPK1, MAPK10, MAPK14 and TNF that have a strong correlation with PLP anti-type I allergy, and showed that PLP may pass through signal pathways such as IgE/FcεR I, PI3K/Akt and MAPK to regulate type I allergy. RT-qPCR and Western Blot results confirmed that paeoniflorin can inhibit the expression of key genes and down-regulate the phosphorylation level of proteins in these signal pathways. It further proved the reliability of the results of network pharmacology research.
Conclusion
The results of this study will provide a basis for revealing the multi-dimensional regulatory mechanism of PLP for the treatment of type I allergy and the development of new drugs.
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Wang A, Gong Y, Pei Z, Jiang L, Xia L, Wu Y. Paeoniflorin ameliorates diabetic liver injury by targeting the TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in db/db mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108792. [PMID: 35483236 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic liver injury (DLI) is a complication that damages the quality of life in diabetes patients. While paeoniflorin (PF) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, no data are available on whether PF protects against DLI. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of PF on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of PF on DLI using diabetic mice model (db/db mice) and high glucose (HG)-induced mouse AML12 cells. The effects of PF on TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro were evaluated by Western bloting, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. Through molecular docking experiments and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we studied the binding ability of PF to thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). We use TXNIP siRNA to knock down TXNIP in AML12 cells. RESULTS We found that PF reversed abnormal liver function and liver steatosis in db/db mice, while blocking the release of inflammatory cytokines. These effects are associated with PF inhibition of the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Molecular docking experiments and CETSA also demonstrated that TXNIP is a likely target of PF. In HG-treated AML12 cells, TXNIP knockdown eliminated the beneficial effects of PF. CONCLUSION Using a combination of animal and in vitro experiments, this study demonstrated for the first time that PF ameliorates DLI through targeting the TXNIP-activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, PF may be a potential therapeutic agent against DLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Yingjie Gong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Zhixin Pei
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Lingling Xia
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China.
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China; Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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Wang F, Yang Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Mu Y, Yang J, Yu L, Wang M. Mannan-Binding Lectin Regulates the Th17/Treg Axis Through JAK/STAT and TGF-β/SMAD Signaling Against Candida albicans Infection. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1797-1810. [PMID: 35300210 PMCID: PMC8923702 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a key molecule in innate immunity and activates the lectin complement pathway, which plays an important role in resisting Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection. However, the underlying mechanism of this resistance to infection remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated how MBL regulates the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into T helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells against C. albicans in mice, as well as the underlying mechanisms. We generated MBL double-knockout (KO) mice and infected them with C. albicans by intraperitoneal injection. Results Compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice, the percentage of Th17 cells increased in MBL-null mice, whereas Treg cells decreased, indicating that MBL might regulate the Th17/Treg balance. In addition, in MBL-null mice, the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-21, and the master transcription factor of Th17 cells, RORγt, significantly increased. Conversely, IL-10, IL-2, and the Treg-specific transcription factor, Foxp3, decreased. Moreover, we found that the levels of TGF-β and IL-6 upregulated in MBL-null mice. Mechanistically, we found that MBL regulated the TGF-β/SMAD pathway through the inhibition of p-SMAD2 and promotion of p-SMAD3, and mediated the JAK/STAT pathway through the inhibition of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 and promotion of p-JAK3 and p-STAT5. MBL double-KO mice showed a more severe inflammatory response and significantly lower survival rates with C. albicans infection. Conclusion These results suggest that MBL regulates the Th17/Treg cell balance to inhibit inflammatory responses, possibly via IL-6- and TGF-β-mediated JAK/STAT and TGF-β/SMAD signaling, and play an important role in anti-C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luoyang Oriental Hospital, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Mu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Yu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mingyong Wang; Lili Yu, Email ;
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Li J, Fan Q, Jin M, Mao C, Zhang H, Zhang X, Sun L, Grenier D, Yi L, Hou X, Wang Y. Paeoniflorin reduce luxS/AI-2 system-controlled biofilm formation and virulence in Streptococcus suis. Virulence 2021; 12:3062-3073. [PMID: 34923916 PMCID: PMC8923065 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis), more specifically serotype 2, is a bacterial pathogen that threatens the lives of pigs and humans. Like many other pathogens, S. suis exhibits quorum sensing (QS) system-controlled virulence factors, such as biofilm formation that complicates treatment. Therefore, impairing the QS involving LuxS/AI-2 cycle in S. suis, may be a promising alternative strategy for overcoming S. suis infections. In this study, we investigated paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpenoid glycoside compound extracted from peony, as an inhibitor of S. suis LuxS/AI-2 system. At a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1/16 MIC; 25 μg/ml), PF significantly reduced biofilm formation by S. suis through inhibition of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, without affecting bacterial growth. Moreover, evidence was brought that PF reduces AI-2 activity in S. suis biofilm. Molecular docking indicated that LuxS may be the target of PF. Monitoring LuxS enzymatic activity confirmed that PF had a partial inhibitory effect. Finally, we showed that the use of PF in a mouse model can relieve S. suis infections. This study highlighted the anti-biofilm potential of PF against S. suis, and brought evidence that it may as an inhibitor of the LuxS/AI-2 system to prevent S. suis biofilm-related infections. PF can thus be used as a new type of natural biofilm inhibitor for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Manyu Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Chenlong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Liyun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche En Écologie Buccale (Greb), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China.,College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaogai Hou
- College of Agriculture/College of Tree Peony, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
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Yu W, Zeng M, Xu P, Liu J, Wang H. Effect of paeoniflorin on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus in mice. Evidences of its mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153724. [PMID: 34509953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza often leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Few therapeutics options such as vaccines and other antiviral drugs are available. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpene glucoside isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. that has showed good anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. However, it is not known whether paeoniflorin has an effect on influenza virus-induced ALI. PURPOSE To investigative the protective effect and potential mechanism of paeoniflorin on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The anti-influenza activity of paeoniflorin in vitro was investigated. Influenza virus A/FM/1/47 was intranasally infected in mice to induce ALI, and paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) was given orally to mice during 5 days, beginning 2 h after infection. On day 6 post-infection, body and lung weights, histology and survival were observed, and the lungs were examined for viral load, cytokine and cellular pathway protein expression. RESULTS Results showed that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced IAV-induced ALI. It reduces pulmonary oedema and improves histopathological changes in the lung, and also diminishes the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung. It was shown that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) alleviated IAV-induced ALI, as evidenced by improved survival in infected mice (40% and 50%, respectively), reduced viral titer in lung tissue, improved histological changes, and reduced lung inflammation. Paeoniflorin also improves pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the levels of pulmonary fibrotic markers (collagen type IV, alpha-smooth muscle actin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, and procollagen type III) and downregulating the expression levels of type I collagen (Col I) and type III collagen (Col III) in the lung tissues. Additionally, paeoniflorin inhibits the expression of αvβ3, TGF-β1, Smad2, NF-κB, and p38MAPK in the lung tissues. CONCLUSION The results showed that paeoniflorin (50 and 100 mg/kg) protected against IAV-induced ALI, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and lung collagen deposition through down-regulation of activation of αvβ3/TGF-β1 pathway in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Yu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
| | - Maosen Zeng
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
| | - Peiping Xu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China.
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Huixian Wang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd., San Yuanli St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
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10
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Wang T, Pan M, Xiao N, Wu J, Wang Q, Cheng T, Yan G, Wu D, Li N, Shao J. In vitro and in vivo analysis of monotherapy and dual therapy with ethyl caffeate and fluconazole on virulence factors of Candida albicans and systemic candidiasis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 27:253-266. [PMID: 34700054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Candida albicans is the most clinically prevalent cause of systemic fungal infections in the immunocompromised population. The biofilm-forming ability of C. albicans confers resistance to conventional antifungal agents. The main aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal effects of ethyl caffeate (EC) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLU) against C. albicans isolates. METHODS The single and combined antifungal activities of EC and FLU were evaluated against planktonic and biofilm cells of C. albicans by the checkerboard assay, time-kill test, crystal violet assay, live/dead staining, rhodamine 6G (R6G) efflux analysis and hydrolase activity. Monotherapy and dual therapy of EC and FLU against systemic candidiasis in a mouse model was also evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that EC+FLU displayed synergism in 14/26 planktonic C. albicans isolates and 11/26 C. albicans biofilms with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values ranging between 0.06-0.49 and 0.02-0.38, respectively. Compared with monotherapy, the combination of EC+FLU can markedly inhibit adhesion, yeast-to-hyphae transition, premature and mature biofilm metabolism, hydrolase secretion and drug efflux function of C. albicans Z1407 and Z4935. Moreover, EC can potentiate the antifungal activity of FLU to improve mouse survival, reduce fungal burden and alleviate pathological damage in both C. albicans isolates compared with EC or FLU used alone. CONCLUSION EC exhibits a moderate antifungal potential but can be a strong synergist with FLU against C. albicans, highlighting the potential of EC in clinical antifungal therapy as a sensitiser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230032, Hefei, P.R. China; Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Min Pan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jiadi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, 430074, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qirui Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Guiming Yan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, P.R. China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230032, Hefei, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, 230012, Hefei, P.R. China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, P.R. China.
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11
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Chen L, Zhao X, Wei S, Ma X, Liu H, Li J, Jing M, Wang M, Zhao Y. Mechanism of Paeoniflorin on ANIT-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Using Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737630. [PMID: 34526905 PMCID: PMC8435635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paeoniflorin (PF), the major active compound isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., has been used in the treatment of severe hepatic diseases for several decades and displays bright prospects in liver protective effect. However, its biological mechanism that regulates bile acid metabolism and cholestatic liver injury has not been fully elucidated. Our study aims to investigate the mechanism by which PF in the treatment of cholestatic liver injury using a comprehensive approach combining metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis. Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of PF against cholestasis liver injury, induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), was evaluated in rats. The serum biochemical indices including ALT, AST, TBA, TBIL, ALP, ALB, and the pathological characteristics of the liver were analyzed. Moreover, UHPLC-Q-TOF was performed to explore the feces of rats with ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury treated with PF and the potential biomarkers were screened by metabolomics. The targets for the regulation of potential biomarkers by PF were screened by network pharmacology, and then the relevant key targets were verified by immunohistochemical and western blotting methods. Results: PF significantly improved serum indexes and alleviated liver histological damage. Metabolomics analyses showed that the therapeutic effect of PF is mainly associated with the regulation of 13 metabolites involved in 16 metabolic pathways. The “PF-targets-metabolites” interaction network was constructed, and then five key targets including CDC25B, CYP2C9, MAOB, mTOR, and ABCB1 that regulated the potential biomarkers were obtained. The above five targets were further verified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and the results showed that PF significantly improved the expression of key proteins regulating these biomarkers. Conclusion: Our study provides direct evidence for the modulatory properties of PF treatment on ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury using metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses. PF exhibits favorable pharmacological effect by regulating related signal pathways and key targets for biomarkers. Therefore, these findings may help better understand the complex mechanisms and provide a new and effective approach to the treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Hepotology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Su LY, Ni GH, Liao YC, Su LQ, Li J, Li JS, Rao GX, Wang RR. Antifungal Activity and Potential Mechanism of 6,7, 4'-O-Triacetylscutellarein Combined With Fluconazole Against Drug-Resistant C. albicans. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692693. [PMID: 34484140 PMCID: PMC8415886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased resistance of Candida albicans to conventional antifungal drugs poses a huge challenge to the clinical treatment of this infection. In recent years, combination therapy, a potential treatment method to overcome C. albicans resistance, has gained traction. This study assessed the effect of 6,7,4′-O-triacetylscutellarein (TA) combined with fluconazole (FLC) on C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. TA combined with FLC showed good synergistic antifungal activity against drug-resistant C. albicans in vitro, with a partial inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.0188–0.1800. In addition, the time-kill curve confirmed the synergistic effect of TA and FLC. TA combined with FLC showed a strong synergistic inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of resistant C. albicans. The combined antifungal efficacy of TA and FLC was evaluated in vivo in a mouse systemic fungal infection model. TA combined with FLC prolonged the survival rate of mice infected with drug-resistant C. albicans and reduced tissue invasion. TA combined with FLC also significantly inhibited the yeast-hypha conversion of C. albicans and significantly reduced the expression of RAS-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway-related genes (RAS1 and EFG1) and hyphal-related genes (HWP1 and ECE1). Furthermore, the mycelium growth on TA combined with the FLC group recovered after adding exogenous db-cAMP. Collectively, these results show that TA combined with FLC inhibits the formation of hyphae and biofilms through the RAS-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, resulting in reduced infectivity and resistance of C. albicans. Therefore, this study provides a basis for the treatment of drug-resistant C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yan Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Hui Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Chuan Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Liu-Qing Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Gao-Xiong Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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13
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Zhao Y, Li X, Chu J, Shao Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin on IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mast cell degranulation in vitro and vivo. Food Funct 2021; 12:7448-7468. [PMID: 34195738 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases has increased to such a point that they have become common and have reached epidemic levels. However, their pathogenesis is not fully understood. Paeoniae Radix Rubra is a traditional Chinese medicine that is also used as a dietary supplement. Its main active ingredient is paeoniflorin. Paeoniflorin has good anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and antitumor effects. It is utilized in the treatment of various diseases in clinical settings. However, its effects on type I allergies and pseudoallergic reactions have not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we aimed to use DNP-IgE/DNP-BSA and C48/80 to simulate type I allergies and pseudoallergic reactions to evaluate the therapeutic effects of paeoniflorin to these diseases and identify its molecular mechanisms in cell degranulation both in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that paeoniflorin inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by these two stimuli (IgE-dependent and IgE-independent stimuli) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, qPCR and western blot analyses indicated that paeoniflorin may regulate the IgE/FcεR I, MRGPRB3, and downstream signal transduction pathways to exert its therapeutic effects on type I allergies and pseudoallergic reactions. In addition, DNP-IgE/DNP-BSA and compound 48/80 were used to induce the establishment of a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model. Paeoniflorin was found to suppress the extravasation of Evans Blue and tissue edema in the ears, back skin, and paws of the mice. This result further confirmed that paeoniflorin has a notable therapeutic effect on type I allergies and pseudoallergic reactions. Therefore, paeoniflorin could potentially be used as a drug for the treatment of type I allergies and pseudoallergic reactions. This study provides new insights into expanding the treatment range of paeoniflorin and its pharmacological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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14
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Li XN, Zhang LM, Wang YY, Zhang Y, Jin ZH, Li J, Wang RR, Xiao WL. SWL-1 Reverses Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans by Regulating the Glycolytic Pathway. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572608. [PMID: 33178156 PMCID: PMC7596347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a ubiquitous clinical fungal pathogen. Prolonged use of the first-line antifungal agent fluconazole (FLC) has intensified fungal resistance and limited its effectiveness for the treatment of fungal infections. The combined administration of drugs has been extensively studied and applied. SWL-1 is a lignin compound derived from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Schisandra chinensis. In this study, we show that SWL-1 reverses resistance to fluconazole in C. albicans when delivered in combination, with a sharp decrease in the IC50 of fluconazole from >200 to 3.74 ± 0.25 μg/ml, and also reverses the fluconazole resistance of C. albicans in vitro, with IC50 from >200 to 5.3 ± 0.3 μg/ml. Moreover, killing kinetics curves confirmed the synergistic effects of fluconazole and SWL-1. Intriguingly, when SWL-1 was administered in combination with fluconazole in a mouse model of systemic infection, the mortality of mice was markedly decreased and fungal colonization of the kidney and lung was reduced. Further mechanistic studies showed that SWL-1 significantly decreased intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels and inhibited the function of the efflux pump responsible for fluconazole resistance of C. albicans. Proteomic analysis of the effects of SWL-1 on C. albicans showed that several enzymes were downregulated in the glycolytic pathway. We speculate that SWL-1 significantly decreased intracellular ATP levels by hindering the glycolysis, and the function of the efflux pump responsible for fluconazole resistance of C. albicans was inhibited, resulting in restoration of fluconazole sensitivity in FLC-resistant C. albicans. This study clarified the effects and mechanism of SWL-1 on C. albicans in vitro and in vivo, providing a novel approach to overcoming fungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lu-Mei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ze-Hua Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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15
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Jiang H, Li J, Wang L, Wang S, Nie X, Chen Y, Fu Q, Jiang M, Fu C, He Y. Total glucosides of paeony: A review of its phytochemistry, role in autoimmune diseases, and mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112913. [PMID: 32371143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, called baishao in China), the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., has shown a rich medicinal value for more than 2000 years. PRA is used in local medicine and traditional medicine for autoimmune diseases associated with inflammation. At present, total glucosides of paeony (TGP), the main active ingredient of PRA, has been developed into a preparation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, as TGP exhibits the effect of regulating immunity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. AIM OF THE REVIEW TGP was developed and applied to inflammation-related autoimmune diseases in modern clinical practice. Based on its application in traditional prescriptions, this article reviews PRA's botany and phytochemistry (including its extraction process and quality control), and discusses the clinical application and pharmacological research of TGP as an anti-inflammatory drug from the perspective of ethnopharmacology. Additionally, we review modern pharmacological and molecular-target research on TGP and discuss the mechanisms of TGP in treating autoimmune diseases. Through a systematic literature review, we also highlight the clinical efficacy of TGP in the treatment of immune diseases, and provide a reference for the continued scientific development and quality control of TGP so that its wider application and clinical value can be fully realized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang DATA using the keywords "Total glucosides of paeony", "Paeonia lactiflora Pall. ", "Paeonia veitchii Lynch", "Paeoniae Radix Alba or white peony", "Paeoniae Radix Rubra or red peony", "Paeoniflorin", "Albiflorin", "Autoimmune diseases", and their combinations. In addition, information was collected from relevant textbooks, reviews, and documents. RESULTS Approximately 15 compounds have been identified in TGP, of which paeoniflorin and albiflorin are the most common constituents. In recent years, studies have found that TGP and its main chemical components are effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, oral lichen planus, and Sjogren's syndrome. TGP has a variety of pharmacological effects related to PRA traditional effects, including anti-organ-damage, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, cardiovascular, and nervous-system protection. Previously published reports on TGP treatment of autoimmune diseases have shown that TGP regulates intracellular pathways, such as the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. However, there is no standardized preparation method for TGP, and there is insufficient quality control of formulations. Many related pharmacological studies have not tested TGP components, and the validity of such pharmacological results requires further verification. CONCLUSIONS Modern pharmacological research on TGP is based on the traditional usage of PRA, and its folk medicinal value in the treatment of autoimmune diseases has now been verified. In particular, TGP has been developed into a formulation used clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The combination of TGP capsules and chemicals to treat autoimmune diseases has the effect of increasing efficacy and reducing toxicity. Based on further research on its preparation, quality control, and mechanisms of action, TGP is expected to eventually play a greater role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajuan Jiang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shengju Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xin Nie
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Maoyuan Jiang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yao He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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16
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Lee GA, Chang CM, Wu YC, Ma RY, Chen CY, Hsue YT, Liao NS, Chang HH. Chinese herbal medicine SS-1 inhibits T cell activation and abrogates T H responses in Sjögren's syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:651-659. [PMID: 32741737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease and its conventional treatment has exhibited limited therapeutic efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine has been demonstrated to ameliorate the sicca symptoms of SS by decreasing the level of TH1 and TH2 cytokines and increasing salivary flow rate. A newly designed traditional Chinese medicine, SS-1, showed improved efficacy in alleviating the dryness symptoms of SS patients in the National Taiwan SS cohort investigation. Here, we investigated the effect of SS-1 on T cell responses. METHODS SS-1 was authenticated and its major compounds were verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. We examined the effects of SS-1 on the activation and TH1, TH2, and TH17 polarization of murine T cells. We also determined the level of TH1, TH2, and TH17 cytokine RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SS patients before and after SS-1 treatment. RESULTS SS-1 treatment inhibits the activation and TH1, TH2, and IL-17A+IFNγ+ TH polarization of murine T cells. SS-1 treatment also significantly reduces IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 expression, and moderately reduces IL-17A expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SS patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SS-1 inhibits T cell activation and diminishes TH1, TH2, and IL-17+IFN-γ+ TH responses in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Aaron Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chieh Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Ma
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tzu Hsue
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shih Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Zhou YX, Gong XH, Zhang H, Peng C. A review on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110505. [PMID: 32682112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing pharmacological evidence supports that paeoniflorin, a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Shaoyao in Chinese), has a wide range of medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticonvulsive, analgesic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidepressant-like, antitumoral, and immune-regulatory activities; as well as enhancing cognition and attenuating learning impairment. In addition to pharmacodynamic studies, information on pharmacokinetics is also significant for the further development and utilization of paeoniflorin. The present review focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of paeoniflorin, especially main pharmacological activities of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immune function. According to the findings obtained both in vitro and in vivo, a broad application prospect has been opened for paeoniflorin. However, further studies are needed to clarity the direct molecular mechanisms and key targets underlying the beneficial effects of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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18
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da Silva Neto JX, da Costa HPS, Vasconcelos IM, Pereira ML, Oliveira JTA, Lopes TDP, Dias LP, Araújo NMS, Moura LFWG, Van Tilburg MF, Guedes MIF, Lopes LA, Morais EG, de Oliveira Bezerra de Sousa D. Role of membrane sterol and redox system in the anti-candida activity reported for Mo-CBP 2, a protein from Moringa oleifera seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:814-824. [PMID: 31734363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant proteins are emerging as an alternative to conventional treatments against candidiasis. The aim of this study was to better understand the mechanism of action of Mo-CBP2 against Candida spp, evaluating redox system activity, lipid peroxidation, DNA degradation, cytochrome c release, medium acidification, and membrane interaction. Anti-candida activity of Mo-CBP2 decreased in the presence of ergosterol, which was not observed with antioxidant agents. C. albicans treated with Mo-CBP2 also had catalase and peroxidase activities inhibited, while superoxide dismutase was increased. Mo-CBP2 increased the lipid peroxidation, but it did not alter the ergosterol profile in live cells. External medium acidification was strongly inhibited, and cytochrome c release and DNA degradation were detected. Mo-CBP2 interacts with cell membrane constituents, changes redox system enzymes in C. albicans and causes lipid peroxidation by ROS overproduction. DNA degradation and cytochrome c release suggest apoptotic or DNAse activity. Lipid peroxidation and H+-ATPases inhibition may induce the process of apoptosis. Finally, Mo-CBP2 did not have a cytotoxic effect in mammalian Vero cells. This study highlights the biotechnological potential of Mo-CBP2 as a promising molecule with low toxicity and potent activity. Further studies should be performed to better understand its mode of action and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Xavier da Silva Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Ilka Maria Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Tadeu Abreu Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Pinheiro Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauricio Fraga Van Tilburg
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Eva Gomes Morais
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Qian W, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang T, Liu M, Yang M, Sun Z, Li X, Li Y. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of paeoniflorin against carbapenem‐resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:401-413. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Qian
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - J. Zhang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - W. Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - T. Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - M. Liu
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - M. Yang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - Z. Sun
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - X. Li
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - Y. Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ningbo P. R. China
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Wen J, Xu B, Sun Y, Lian M, Li Y, Lin Y, Chen D, Diao Y, Almoiliqy M, Wang L. Paeoniflorin protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion by activating LKB1/AMPK and promoting autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104308. [PMID: 31181335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process with high clinical morbidity and mortality. Paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glucoside, is found to have diverse health beneficial effects including autophagy modulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative effects. Based on our pre-experiments, we proposed that paeoniflorin could ameliorate intestinal I/R injury and restore autophagy through activating LKB1/AMPK signal pathway. Our proposal was verified using rat intestinal I/R model in vivo and intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells) hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. Our results showed that paeoniflorin pretreatment exerted protective effects in rat intestinal I/R injury by reducing intestinal morphological damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Paeoniflorin restored H/R-impaired autophagy flux by up-regulating autophagy-related protein p62/SQSTM1 degradation, LC3II and beclin-1 expression, and autophagosomes synthesis without significantly affecting control IEC-6 cells. Paeoniflorin pretreatment significantly activated LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway by reversing the decreased LKB1 and AMPK phosphorylation without affecting total LKB1 both in vivo and in vitro. LKB1 knockdown reduced AMPK phosphorylation, suppressed LC3II and Beclin-1 level, and decreased the degradation of SQSTM/p62, and the knockdown weakened the effects of paeoniflorin in restoring the impaired autophagy flux in H/R injured IEC-6 cells, suggesting that paeoniflorin mitigated the intestinal I/R-impaired autophagy flux by activating LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Our study may provide valuable information for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuchao Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Mengqiao Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yanli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Marwan Almoiliqy
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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