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Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Bernard E, Cassereau J, Codron P, Fleury MC, Guy N, Mouzat K, Pradat PF, Soriani MH, Couratier P. French National Protocol for genetic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:1020-1029. [PMID: 37735015 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between genes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been widely accepted since the first studies highlighting pathogenic mutations in the SOD1 gene 30years ago. Over the last three decades, scientific literature has clearly highlighted the central role played by genetic factors in the disease, in both clinics and pathophysiology, as well as in therapeutics. This implies that health professionals who care for patients with ALS are increasingly faced with patients and relatives eager to have answers to questions related to the role of genetic factors in the occurrence of the disease and the risk for their relatives to develop ALS. In order to address these public health issues, the French ALS network FILSLAN proposed to the Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) the drafting of a French National Protocol (PNDS) on ALS genetics. This PNDS was developed according to the "method for developing a national diagnosis and care protocol for rare diseases" published by the HAS in 2012 (methodological guide for PNDS available on the HAS website: http://www.has-sante.fr/). This document aims to provide the most recent data on the role of genes in ALS and to detail the implications for diagnosis and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Corcia
- CRMR SLA, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France; UMR 1253 iBrain, Tours, France.
| | - P Vourc'h
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Tours, France; Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | | | | | - P Codron
- CRMR SLA, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M-C Fleury
- CRC SLA, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Guy
- CRC SLA, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - K Mouzat
- Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - P-F Pradat
- CRMR SLA, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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2
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Efficacy of oligodendrocyte precursor cells as delivery vehicles for single-chain variable fragment to misfolded SOD1 in ALS rat model. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 28:312-329. [PMID: 36874245 PMCID: PMC9974989 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase1 (SOD 1) mutation is a leading cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Growing evidence suggests that antibody therapy against misfolded SOD1 protein can be therapeutic. However, the therapeutic effects are limited, partly because of the delivery system. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as a drug delivery vehicle of single-chain variable fragments (scFv). Using a Borna disease virus vector that is pharmacologically removable and episomally replicable in the recipient cells, we successfully transformed wild-type OPCs to secrete scFv of a novel monoclonal antibody (D3-1), specific for misfolded SOD1. Single intrathecal injection of OPCs scFvD3-1, but not OPCs alone, significantly delayed disease onset and prolonged the lifespan of ALS rat models expressing SOD1 H46R . The effect of OPC scFvD3-1 surpassed that of a 1 month intrathecal infusion of full-length D3-1 antibody alone. scFv-secreting OPCs suppressed neuronal loss and gliosis, reduced levels of misfolded SOD1 in the spinal cord, and suppressed the transcription of inflammatory genes, including Olr1, an oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1. The use of OPCs as a delivery vehicle for therapeutic antibodies is a new option for ALS in which misfolded protein and oligodendrocyte dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis.
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3
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Camu W, De La Cruz E, Esselin F. Therapeutic tools for familial ALS. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:49-53. [PMID: 36503675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Familial ALS (FALS) accounts for 10 to 15% of ALS cases. In more than 70% of FALS patients, a causal gene is identified and animal models have been developed for a subset of them, mainly for the most frequently mutated genes. Therapeutic tools to treat those patients are dominated by gene-specific therapy and the most advanced approaches target the SOD1 gene mutations. Either by direct delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or using viral vectors such as adenoviruses (AAV) to deliver ASOs, gene specific therapies have shown promising results in animal models. The recent use of subpial injections of AAV9+anti SOD1 ASO now shows that the disease is completely prevented or stopped in the animal, depending on the moment of injection, e.g., before or after disease onset. However, the use of viral vectors in humans seems to be limited at least by their immunogenicity. Antibody-based therapies are also efficient to treat animal models, but to a lesser extent. Most of the experiments targeted the SOD1 protein in its misfolded conformation. This approach seems better tolerated than the AAV one, an important limit being the choice of the epitope. Unexpectedly, some advances in treating the C9ORF72 animal model have been obtained using a modulation of microbiota, and this strategy has the great advantage to have an easy route of administration and a good safety profile. The landscape of experimental FALS treatment is rapidly evolving and results are promising. This is an important unmet need for ALS patients and several human phase I, II and III trials are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Camu
- Explorations neurologiques et centre de référence SLA, université de Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - E De La Cruz
- Explorations neurologiques et centre de référence SLA, université de Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - F Esselin
- Explorations neurologiques et centre de référence SLA, université de Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, INM, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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4
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Poulin-Brière A, Rezaei E, Pozzi S. Antibody-Based Therapeutic Interventions for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Literature Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:790114. [PMID: 34912191 PMCID: PMC8667723 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.790114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a mid-life onset neurodegenerative disease that manifests its symptomatology with motor impairments and cognitive deficits overlapping with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). The etiology of ALS remains elusive, with various mechanisms and cellular targets implicated, and no treatment can reverse or stop the progression of the pathology. Therapeutic interventions based on passive immunization are gaining attention for neurodegenerative diseases, and FDA recently approved the first antibody-based approach for Alzheimer's disease. The present systematic review of the literature aims to highlight the efforts made over the past years at developing antibody-based strategies to cure ALS. Thirty-one original research papers have been selected where the therapeutic efficacy of antibodies were investigated and described in patients and animal models of ALS. Antibody-based interventions analyzed, target both extracellular molecules implicated in the pathology and intracellular pathogenic proteins known to drive the disease, such as SOD1, TDP-43 or C9ORF72 repeats expansions. The potentials and limitations of these therapeutic interventions have been described and discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edris Rezaei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia Pozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Division, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
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5
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Mortada I, Farah R, Nabha S, Ojcius DM, Fares Y, Almawi WY, Sadier NS. Immunotherapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:654739. [PMID: 34163421 PMCID: PMC8215715 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.654739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are mostly symptomatic without affecting the underlying cause of disease. Emerging evidence supports a potential role for immunotherapy in the management of disease progression. Numerous reports raise the exciting prospect that either the immune system or its derivative components could be harnessed to fight the misfolded and aggregated proteins that accumulate in several neurodegenerative diseases. Passive and active vaccinations using monoclonal antibodies and specific antigens that induce adaptive immune responses are currently under evaluation for their potential use in the development of immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to shed light on prominent immunotherapeutic strategies being developed to fight neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration, with a focus on innovative immunotherapies such as vaccination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mortada
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raymond Farah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najwane Said Sadier
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Wells C, Brennan S, Keon M, Ooi L. The role of amyloid oligomers in neurodegenerative pathologies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:582-604. [PMID: 33766600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are rooted in the activities of amyloid-like proteins which possess conformations that spread to healthy proteins. These include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While their clinical manifestations vary, their protein-level mechanisms are remarkably similar. Aberrant monomeric proteins undergo conformational shifts, facilitating aggregation and formation of solid fibrils. However, there is growing evidence that intermediate oligomeric stages are key drivers of neuronal toxicity. Analysis of protein dynamics is complicated by the fact that nucleation and growth of amyloid-like proteins is not a linear pathway. Feedback within this pathway results in exponential acceleration of aggregation, but activities exerted by oligomers and fibrils can alter cellular interactions and the cellular environment as a whole. The resulting cascade of effects likely contributes to the late onset and accelerating progression of amyloid-like protein disorders and the widespread effects they have on the body. In this review we explore the amyloid-like proteins associated with AD, PD, HD and ALS, as well as the common mechanisms of amyloid-like protein nucleation and aggregation. From this, we identify core elements of pathological progression which have been targeted for therapies, and which may become future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Wells
- GenieUs Genomics, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Matt Keon
- GenieUs Genomics, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; GenieUs Genomics, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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7
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Conti E, Sala G, Diamanti S, Casati M, Lunetta C, Gerardi F, Tarlarini C, Mosca L, Riva N, Falzone Y, Filippi M, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C, Tremolizzo L. Serum naturally occurring anti-TDP-43 auto-antibodies are increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1978. [PMID: 33479441 PMCID: PMC7820419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients express significant clinical heterogeneity that often hinders a correct diagnostic definition. Intracellular deposition of TDP-43, a protein involved in RNA metabolism characterizes the pathology. Interestingly, this protein can be detected in serum, wherein cognate naturally-occurring auto-antibodies (anti-TDP-43 NAb) might be also present, albeit they have never been documented before. In this exploratory study, we quantified the levels of both anti-TDP-43 NAb and TDP-43 protein as putative accessible markers for improving the ALS diagnostic process by using ELISA in N = 70 ALS patients (N = 4 carrying TARDBP mutations), N = 40 age-comparable healthy controls (CTRL), N = 20 motor neuron disease mimics (MN-m), N = 20 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and N = 15 frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients. Anti-TDP-43 NAb were found to be significantly increased in ALS patients compared to all the other groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the distribution of serum levels of TDP-43 protein was highly variable among the various groups. Levels were increased in ALS patients, albeit the highest values were detected in MN-m patients. NAb and protein serum levels failed to correlate. For the first time, we report that serum anti-TDP-43 NAb are detectable in human serum of both healthy controls and patients affected by a variety of neurodegenerative disorders; furthermore, their levels are increased in ALS patients, representing a potentially interesting trait core marker of this disease. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact role of the NAb. This information might be extremely useful for paving the way toward targeting TDP-43 by immunotherapy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Conti
- Lab of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gessica Sala
- Lab of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Susanna Diamanti
- Lab of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Casati
- Laboratory of Chemical and Clinical Analyses, "San Gerardo" Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gerardi
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Tarlarini
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorena Mosca
- Medical Genetics Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS "San Raffaele" Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS "San Raffaele" Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Yuri Falzone
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS "San Raffaele" Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS "San Raffaele" Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS "San Raffaele" Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS "San Raffaele" Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Lab of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Lab of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Lab of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy. .,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy. .,, Room 2043, U8 building, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
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8
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Choi ES, Dokholyan NV. SOD1 oligomers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 66:225-230. [PMID: 33465527 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Identifying nonnative, trimeric forms of SOD1 trimers as the toxic species, rather than large aggregates revolutionizes our understanding of ALS pathophysiology. Large protein aggregates, what was previously thought as the central cause of neurodegeneration, play protective role and are not responsible for neuronal death. SOD1 trimers are implicated at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Understanding the formation of the nonnative trimer and its role in the cell, leading to cell death, holds the key to developing a new standard of therapeutics for ALS and for other neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights recent advances of knowledge for the role of SOD1 oligomers in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Gittings LM, Sattler R. Recent advances in understanding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and emerging therapies. Fac Rev 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 33659944 PMCID: PMC7886072 DOI: 10.12703/b/9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons and subsequent progressive loss of muscle function. Within the last decade, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the etiology and pathobiology of the disease; however, treatment options remain limited and only two drugs, which exert a modest effect on survival, are approved for ALS treatment in the US. Therefore, the search for effective ALS therapies continues, and over 60 clinical trials are in progress for patients with ALS and other therapeutics are at the pre-clinical stage of development. Recent advances in understanding the genetics, pathology, and molecular mechanisms of ALS have led to the identification of novel targets and strategies that are being used in emerging ALS therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the current status and mechanisms of action of a selection of emerging ALS therapies in pre-clinical or early clinical development, including gene therapy, immunotherapy, and strategies that target neuroinflammation, phase separation, and protein clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Gittings
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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10
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Sun X, Zhu J, Sun XY, Ji M, Yu XL, Liu RT. Ellagic acid rescues motor and cognitive deficits in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease by lowering mutant huntingtin protein. Food Funct 2020; 11:1334-1348. [PMID: 32043503 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by a highly polymorphic CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion encoding an extended polyglutamine (polyQ) tract at the N-terminus of huntingtin protein (HTT). The polyQ tract promotes the formation of toxic oligomers and aggregates of HTT, which leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. Therapies to lower mutant HTT (mHTT) and its aggregates appear to be the most promising strategies. Ellagic acid (EA) has been marketed as a dietary supplement with various claimed benefits and neuroprotective effects on several neurodegenerative disorders, while its effect on mHTT pathology is still unknown. Here we reported that EA significantly attenuated motor and cognitive deficits in R6/2 mice. Moreover, EA significantly lowered mHTT levels, reduced neuroinflammation, rescued synapse loss, and decreased oxidative stress in R6/2 mouse brains. These findings indicated that EA has promising therapeutic potential for HD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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11
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Does wild-type Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase have pathogenic roles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:33. [PMID: 32811540 PMCID: PMC7437001 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by adult-onset progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Increasing numbers of genes are found to be associated with ALS; among those, the first identified gene, SOD1 coding a Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase protein (SOD1), has been regarded as the gold standard in the research on a pathomechanism of ALS. Abnormal accumulation of misfolded SOD1 in affected spinal motor neurons has been established as a pathological hallmark of ALS caused by mutations in SOD1 (SOD1-ALS). Nonetheless, involvement of wild-type SOD1 remains quite controversial in the pathology of ALS with no SOD1 mutations (non-SOD1 ALS), which occupies more than 90% of total ALS cases. In vitro studies have revealed post-translationally controlled misfolding and aggregation of wild-type as well as of mutant SOD1 proteins; therefore, SOD1 proteins could be a therapeutic target not only in SOD1-ALS but also in more prevailing cases, non-SOD1 ALS. In order to search for evidence on misfolding and aggregation of wild-type SOD1 in vivo, we reviewed pathological studies using mouse models and patients and then summarized arguments for and against possible involvement of wild-type SOD1 in non-SOD1 ALS as well as in SOD1-ALS.
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12
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Sprovieri T, Ungaro C, Perrone B, Naimo GD, Spataro R, Cavallaro S, La Bella V, Conforti FL. A novel S379A TARDBP mutation associated to late-onset sporadic ALS. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:2111-2118. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Pozzi S, Thammisetty SS, Codron P, Rahimian R, Plourde KV, Soucy G, Bareil C, Phaneuf D, Kriz J, Gravel C, Julien JP. Virus-mediated delivery of antibody targeting TAR DNA-binding protein-43 mitigates associated neuropathology. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1581-1595. [PMID: 30667370 DOI: 10.1172/jci123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a hallmark of degenerating neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and subsets of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In order to reduce TDP-43 pathology, we generated single-chain (scFv) antibodies against the RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) of TDP-43, which is involved in abnormal protein self-aggregation and interaction with p65 NF-κB. Virus-mediated delivery into the nervous system of a scFv antibody, named VH7Vk9, reduced microgliosis in a mouse model of acute neuroinflammation and mitigated cognitive impairment, motor defects, TDP-43 proteinopathy, and neuroinflammation in transgenic mice expressing ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations. These results suggest that antibodies targeting the RRM1 domain of TDP-43 might provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pozzi
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Philippe Codron
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,MITOVASC Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Gravel
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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