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Huang Y, Yang D, Liao S, Guan X, Zhou F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects the blood-brain barrier and myelin sheath to prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Neuroreport 2024; 35:925-935. [PMID: 39166417 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mouse model was established to observe the changes in inflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, and myelin sheath, and we explore the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 pretreatment on improving POCD syndrome. The POCD model of 15- to 18-month-old mice was carried out with internal fixation of tibial fractures under isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment was performed by continuous intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rg1(40 mg/kg/day) for 14 days before surgery. The cognitive function was detected by the Morris water maze. The contents of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampus, cortex, and serum were detected by ELISA. The permeability of blood-brain barrier was observed by Evans blue. The mRNA levels and protein expression levels of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), myelin basic protein (MBP), beta-catenin, and cyclin D1 in the hippocampus were analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blotting. The protein expression levels of ZO-1 and Wnt1 in the hippocampus were analyzed by western blotting. Finally, the localizations of CNPase and MBP in the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence. Ginsenoside Rg1 can prevent POCD, peripheral and central inflammation, and blood-brain barrier leakage, and reverse the downregulation of ZO-1, CNPase, MBP, and Wnt pathway-related molecules in aged mice. Preclinical studies suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 improves postoperative cognitive function in aged mice by protecting the blood-brain barrier and myelin sheath, and its specific mechanism may be related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Dianping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Sijing Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Xilin Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Feiran Zhou
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heiiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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2
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Lei X, Wang J, Zhang F, Tang X, He F, Cheng S, Zou F, Yan W. Micheliolide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury through suppression of NLRP3 activation by promoting mitophagy via Nrf2/PINK1/Parkin axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112527. [PMID: 38950457 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) represents a frequent complication of in critically ill patients. The objective of this study is to illuminate the potential protective activity of Micheliolide (MCL) and its behind mechanism against SA-AKI. METHODS The protective potential of MCL on SA-AKI was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated HK2 cells and SA-AKI mice model. The mitochondrial damage was determined by detection of reactive oxygen species and membrane potential. The Nrf2 silencing was achieved by transfection of Nrf2-shRNA in HK2 cells, and Nrf2 inhibitor, ML385 was employed in SA-AKI mice. The mechanism of MCL against SA-AKI was evaluated through detecting hallmarks related to inflammation, mitophagy and Nrf2 pathway via western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS MCL enhanced viability, suppressed apoptosis, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels and improved mitochondrial damage in LPS-treated HK2 cells, and ameliorated renal injury in SA-AKI mice. Moreover, MCL could reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via enhancing mitophagy. Additionally, Nrf2 deficiency reduced the suppression effect of MCL on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and blocked the facilitation effect of MCL on mitophagy in LPS-treated HK2 cells, the consistent is true for ML385 treatment in SA-AKI mice. CONCLUSIONS MCL might target Nrf2 and further reduce the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via enhancing mitophagy, which alleviated SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Lei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China.
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Xianhu Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Shengyu Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Fangqin Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
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Zheng Q, Zhao J, Yuan J, Qin Y, Zhu Z, Liu J, Sun S. Delaying Renal Aging: Metformin Holds Promise as a Potential Treatment. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0168. [PMID: 39012670 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the rapid aging of the population, age-related diseases have become an excessive burden on global health care. The kidney, a crucial metabolic organ, ages relatively quickly. While the aging process itself does not directly cause kidney damage, the physiological changes that accompany it can impair the kidney's capacity for self-repair. This makes aging kidneys more susceptible to diseases, including increased risks of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Therefore, delaying the progression of renal aging and preserving the youthful vitality of the kidney are crucial for preventing kidney diseases. However, effective strategies against renal aging are still lacking due to the underlying mechanisms of renal aging, which have not been fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin has beneficial effects in mitigating renal aging. Metformin has shown promising anti-aging results in animal models but has not been tested for this purpose yet in clinical trials. These findings indicate the potential of metformin as an anti-renal aging drug. In this review, we primarily discuss the characteristics and mechanisms of kidney aging and the potential effects of metformin against renal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zheng
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinguo Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunlong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanxin Zhu
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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4
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Zeng L, Li J, Gao F, Song Y, Wei L, Qu N, Chen S, Zhao X, Lei Z, Cao W, Chen L, Jiang H. SGLT2i improves kidney senescence by down-regulating the expression of LTBP2 in SAMP8 mice. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18176. [PMID: 38454800 PMCID: PMC10921069 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescent kidney can lead to the maladaptive repairment and predispose age-related kidney diseases. Here, we explore the renal anti-senescence effect of a known kind of drug, sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). After 4 months intragastrically administration with dapagliflozin on senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain mice, the physiologically effects (lowering urine protein, enhancing glomerular blood perfusion, inhibiting expression of senescence-related biomarkers) and structural changes (improving kidney atrophy, alleviating fibrosis, decreasing glomerular mesangial proliferation) indicate the potential value of delaying kidney senescence of SGLT2i. Senescent human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells induced by H2 O2 also exhibit lower senescent markers after dapagliflozin treatment. Further mechanism exploration suggests LTBP2 have the great possibility to be the target for SGLT2i to exert its renal anti-senescence role. Dapagliflozin down-regulate the LTBP2 expression in kidney tissues and HK-2 cells with senescent phenotypes. Immunofluorescence staining show SGLT2 and LTBP2 exist colocalization, and protein-docking analysis implies there is salt-bridge formation between them; these all indicate the possibility of weak-interaction between the two proteins. Apart from reducing LTBP2 expression in intracellular area induced by H2 O2 , dapagliflozin also decrease the concentration of LTBP2 in cell culture medium. Together, these results reveal dapagliflozin can delay natural kidney senescence in non-diabetes environment; the mechanism may be through regulating the role of LTBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Fanfan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Yangyang Song
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Limin Wei
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Zitong Lei
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Wenya Cao
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood PurificationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
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5
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Song L, Zhang W, Tang SY, Luo SM, Xiong PY, Liu JY, Hu HC, Chen YQ, Jia B, Yan QH, Tang SQ, Huang W. Natural products in traditional Chinese medicine: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of renal fibrosis and state-of-the-art drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116039. [PMID: 38157643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is the end stage of several chronic kidney diseases. Its series of changes include excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells, fibroblast activation, immune cell infiltration, and renal cell apoptosis. RF can eventually lead to renal dysfunction or even renal failure. A large body of evidence suggests that natural products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have great potential for treating RF. In this article, we first describe the recent advances in RF treatment by several natural products and clarify their mechanisms of action. They can ameliorate the RF disease phenotype, which includes apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and EMT, by affecting relevant signaling pathways and molecular targets, thereby delaying or reversing fibrosis. We also present the roles of nanodrug delivery systems, which have been explored to address the drawback of low oral bioavailability of natural products. This may provide new ideas for using natural products for RF treatment. Finally, we provide new insights into the clinical prospects of herbal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shi-Yun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Si-Min Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Pei-Yu Xiong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun-Yu Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Heng-Chang Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ying-Qi Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Bo Jia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qian-Hua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Song-Qi Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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6
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Singh S, Sharma S, Sharma H. Potential Impact of Bioactive Compounds as NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors: An Update. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1719-1746. [PMID: 38173061 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010276859231125165251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The inflammasome NLRP3 comprises a caspase recruitment domain, a pyrin domain containing receptor 3, an apoptosis-linked protein like a speck containing a procaspase-1, and an attached nucleotide domain leucine abundant repeat. There are a wide variety of stimuli that can activate the inflammasome NLRP3. When activated, the protein NLRP3 appoints the adapter protein ASC. Adapter ASC protein then recruits the procaspase-1 protein, which causes the procaspase- 1 protein to be cleaved and activated, which induces cytokines. At the same time, abnormal activation of inflammasome NLRP3 is associated with many diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. As a result, a significant amount of effort has been put into comprehending the mechanisms behind its activation and looking for their specific inhibitors. In this review, we primarily focused on phytochemicals that inhibit the inflammasome NLRP3, as well as discuss the defects caused by NLRP3 signaling. We conducted an in-depth research review by searching for relevant articles in the Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. By gathering information on phytochemical inhibitors that block NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a complicated balance between inflammasome activation or inhibition with NLRP3 as a key role was revealed in NLRP3-driven clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Shiwangi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
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7
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Song L, Zhang S. Anti-Aging Activity and Modes of Action of Compounds from Natural Food Sources. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1600. [PMID: 38002283 PMCID: PMC10669485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural and inescapable phenomenon characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions, leading to increased vulnerability to chronic diseases and death. With economic and medical development, the elderly population is gradually increasing, which poses a great burden to society, the economy and the medical field. Thus, healthy aging has now become a common aspiration among people over the world. Accumulating evidence indicates that substances that can mediate the deteriorated physiological processes are highly likely to have the potential to prolong lifespan and improve aging-associated diseases. Foods from natural sources are full of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins. These bioactive compounds and their derivatives have been shown to be able to delay aging and/or improve aging-associated diseases, thereby prolonging lifespan, via regulation of various physiological processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the anti-aging activities of the compounds, polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins from natural food sources, and their modes of action in delaying aging and improving aging-associated diseases. This will certainly provide a reference for further research on the anti-aging effects of bioactive compounds from natural food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou, College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;
| | - Shicui Zhang
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau, Kashi 844000, China
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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8
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Tian T, Ko CN, Luo W, Li D, Yang C. The anti-aging mechanism of ginsenosides with medicine and food homology. Food Funct 2023; 14:9123-9136. [PMID: 37766674 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the acceleration of global aging and the rise in living standards, the achievement of healthy aging is becoming an imperative issue globally. Ginseng, a medicinal plant that has a long history of dietary intake and remarkable medicinal value, has become a research hotspot in the field of food and medicine. Ginsenosides, especially protopanaxadiol-type saponins and protopanaxatriol-type saponins, are among the most important active ingredients in ginseng. Ginsenosides have been found to exhibit powerful and diverse pharmacological activities, such as antiaging, antitumor, antifatigue and immunity enhancement activities. Their effects in antiaging mainly include (1) promotion of metabolism and stem cell proliferation, (2) protection of skin and nerves, (3) modulation of intestinal flora, (4) maintenance of mitochondrial function, and (5) enhancement of telomerase activity. The underlying mechanisms are primarily associated with the intervention of the signaling pathways in apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in antiaging as well as the potential values of developing ginsenoside-based functional foods and antiaging drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519087, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, Hong Kong International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenya Luo
- Haikou Orthopedics and Diabetes Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570206, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China.
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9
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Yuan Z, Yu D, Gou T, Tang G, Guo C, Shi J. Research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome and its inhibitors with aging diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175931. [PMID: 37495038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a new target closely linked to a variety of diseases has appeared in the researchers' vision, which is the NLRP3 inflammasome. With the deepening of the study of NLRP3 inflammasome, it was found that it plays an extremely important role in a variety of physiological pathological processes, and NLRP3 inflammasome was also found to be associated with some age-related diseases. It is associated with the development of insulin resistance, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, cardiovascular aging, hearing and vision loss. At present, the only clinical approach to the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases is to use anti-IL-1β antibodies, but NLRP3-specific inhibitors may be better than the IL-1β antibodies. This article reviews the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and aging diseases: summarizes some of the relevant experimental results reported in recent years, and introduces the biological signals or pathways closely related to the NLRP3 inflammasome in a variety of aging diseases, and also introduces some promising small molecule inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome for clinical treatment, such as: ZYIL1, DFV890 and OLT1177, they have excellent pharmacological effects and good pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Tingting Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Guoyuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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10
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Paik S, Song GY, Jo EK. Ginsenosides for therapeutically targeting inflammation through modulation of oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110461. [PMID: 37331298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are steroid glycosides derived from ginseng plants such as Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Advances in recent studies have identified numerous physiological functions of each type of ginsenoside, i.e., immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory functions, in the context of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the molecular mechanisms by which the single or combined ginsenoside(s) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, although it remains largely unclear. It is well known that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with pathological inflammation and cell death in a variety of cells, and that inhibition of ROS generation ameliorates the local and systemic inflammatory responses. The mechanisms by which ginsenosides attenuate inflammation are largely unknown; however, targeting ROS is suggested as one of the crucial mechanisms for the ginsenosides to control the pathological inflammation in the immune and non-immune cells. This review will summarize the latest progress in ginsenoside studies, particularly in the context of antioxidant mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory effects. A better understanding of the distinct types and the combined action of ginsenosides will pave the way for developing potential preventive and therapeutic modalities in treating various inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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11
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Yang SJ, Wang JJ, Cheng P, Chen LX, Hu JM, Zhu GQ. Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases: From bench to bedside. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:913-930. [PMID: 36380226 PMCID: PMC10104881 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used in China as a superior medicinal material for thousands of years that can nourish the five internal organs, calm the mind and benefit wisdom. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, one of the active components of ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1, has been extensively investigated in the remedy of brain disorders, especially dementia and depression. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the action mechanisms of Rg1 ameliorating depression-like behaviors, including inhibition of hyperfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, regulation of synaptic plasticity and gut flora. Rg1 may alleviate Alzheimer's disease in the early phase, as well as in the middle-late phases through repairing dendrite, axon and microglia- and astrocyte-related inflammations. We also proposed that Rg1 could regulate memory state (the imbalance of working and aversive memory) caused by distinct stimuli. These laboratory studies would further the clinical trials on Rg1. From the prospective of drug development, we discussed the limitations of the present investigations and proposed our ideas to increase permeability and bioavailability of Rg1. Taken together, Rg1 has the potential to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, but a future in-depth investigation of the mechanisms is still required. In addition, drug development will benefit from the clinical trials in one specific neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jing-Ji Wang
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China.
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jia-Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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12
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Wang Q, Li W, Hu H, Lu X, Qin S. Monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine: New hopes for drug discovery in pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114226. [PMID: 36657302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible pulmonary disease, and can lead to decreased lung function, respiratory failure and even death. The pathogenesis research and treatment strategy of PF significantly lag behind the medical progress and clinical needs. The treatment of this disease remains a thorny clinical problem, and the effective therapeutic drugs are still limited. Monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine own various biological activities and high safety. They play a broad part in treating diseases and is also a candidate drug for preventing and treating PF. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism of action and potential value of various anti-PF monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. These monomeric compounds can attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, epithelial mesenchymal transformation and other processes of lung through many signaling pathways, and inhibit the activation and differentiation of fibroblasts, thus contributing to the treatment of PF. This review can provide new ideas for the development of anti-PF drugs in high efficiency with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xuechao Lu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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13
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Fan M, Lan X, Wang Q, Shan M, Fang X, Zhang Y, Wu D, Luo H, Gao W, Zhu D. Renal function protection and the mechanism of ginsenosides: Current progress and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070738. [PMID: 36814491 PMCID: PMC9939702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy is a general term for kidney diseases, which refers to changes in the structure and function of the kidney caused by various factors, resulting in pathological damage to the kidney, abnormal blood or urine components, and other diseases. The main manifestations of kidney disease include hematuria, albuminuria, edema, hypertension, anemia, lower back pain, oliguria, and other symptoms. Early detection, diagnosis, and active treatment are required to prevent chronic renal failure. The concept of nephropathy encompasses a wide range of conditions, including acute renal injury, chronic kidney disease, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Some of these kidney-related diseases are interrelated and may lead to serious complications without effective control. In serious cases, it can also develop into chronic renal dysfunction and eventually end-stage renal disease. As a result, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients and places a great economic burden on society and families. Ginsenoside is one of the main active components of ginseng, with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. A variety of monomers in ginsenosides can play protective roles in multiple organs. According to the difference of core structure, ginsenosides can be divided into protopanaxadiol-type (including Rb1, Rb3, Rg3, Rh2, Rd and CK, etc.), and protopanaxatriol (protopanaxatriol)- type (including Rg1, Rg2 and Rh1, etc.), and other types (including Rg5, Rh4, Rh3, Rk1, and Rk3, etc.). All of these ginsenosides showed significant renal function protection, which can reduce renal damage in renal injury, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy models. This review summarizes reports on renal function protection and the mechanisms of action of these ginsenosides in various renal injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Fan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qunling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
| | - Difu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
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Dong X, Kong L, Huang L, Su Y, Li X, Yang L, Ji P. Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment protects against cognitive dysfunction via inhibiting PLC–CN–NFAT1 signaling in T2DM mice. J Ginseng Res 2022; 47:458-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Yang S, Pei T, Wang L, Zeng Y, Li W, Yan S, Xiao W, Cheng W. Salidroside Alleviates Renal Fibrosis in SAMP8 Mice by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228039. [PMID: 36432138 PMCID: PMC9698989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis progression is closely associated with aging, which ultimately leads to renal dysfunction. Salidroside (SAL) is considered to have broad anti-aging effects. However, the roles and mechanisms of SAL in aging-related renal fibrosis remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of SAL in SAMP8 mice. SAMP8 mice were administered with SAL and Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) for 12 weeks. Renal function, renal fibrosis, and ferroptosis in renal tissue were detected. The results showed that elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels significantly decreased, serum albumin (ALB) levels increased, and mesangial hyperplasia significantly reduced in the SAL group. SAL significantly reduced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-sma) levels in SAMP8 mice. SAL treatment significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in the kidneys, and regulated iron transport-related proteins and ferroptosis-related proteins. These results suggested that SAL delays renal aging and inhibits aging-related glomerular fibrosis by inhibiting ferroptosis in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixia Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Pei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linshuang Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenxu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shihua Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Weidong Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (W.C.)
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Zhang JJ, Chen KC, Zhou Y, Wei H, Qi MH, Wang Z, Zheng YN, Chen RX, Liu S, Li W. Evaluating the effects of mitochondrial autophagy flux on ginsenoside Rg2 for delaying D-galactose induced brain aging in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154341. [PMID: 35870376 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is an inevitable gradual process of the body, which can cause dysfunction or degeneration of the nervous or immune system, thus becoming a critical pathogenic factor inducing neurodegenerative diseases. Previous reports have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) derived from Panax ginseng. C.A. Meyer exerted obvious memory-enhancing and anti-aging effects, and the simpler the structure of ginsenosides, the better the biological activity. Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) is a prominent and representative panaxatriol-type ginsenoside produced during ginseng processing, which has been reported to have pretty good neuroprotective activity. PURPOSE The work was aimed at exploring the therapeutic effects and possible molecular mechanisms of Rg2 by establishing the subacute brain aging model induced by D-galactose (D-gal) in mice. METHODS The anti-aging activity of G-Rg2 (10, 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks) was assessed using the D-gal induced brain aging model (800 mg/kg for 8 weeks). The Morris water maze (MWM) and histopathological analysis were used to evaluate the cognitive function and pathological changes of the brain in mice, respectively. The protein expression levels of p53, p21, p16ink4α, IL-6, CDK4, ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, LC3, p62, LAMP2, and TFEB were quantified through western blot analysis. The degree of mitochondrial damage and the number of mitochondrial autophagolysosomes in hippocampal neurons were monitored using TEM analysis. RESULTS The results showed that Rg2 could significantly restore D-gal-induced impaired memory function, choline dysfunction, and redox system imbalance in mice. Rg2 treatment also considerably decreased the over-expression of aging-related proteins such as p53/p21/p16ink4α induced by D-galactose, which demonstrated that Rg2 possessed good anti-aging activity. Meanwhile, Rg2 could evidently reduce the pathological changes caused by D-gal exposure. Moreover, the results from transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis indicated that Rg2 could delay the brain aging induced by D-gal in mice via promoting the degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 while increasing the protein expression level of LAMP2/TFEB to maintain mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Rg2 could postpone brain aging by increasing mitochondrial autophagy flux to maintain mitochondrial function, which greatly enriched the research on the pharmacological activity of ginsenosides for delaying brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Chen
- Looking Up Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping 136001, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Heng Wei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meng-Han Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ri-Xin Chen
- Looking Up Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping 136001, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Goldenwell Biotechnology, Inc., Reno 89501, United States
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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Xiao L, Wang M, Zou K, Li Z, Luo J. Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation and directed differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells. Neuroreport 2022; 33:413-421. [PMID: 35623086 PMCID: PMC9154301 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be transformed into neural stem cells (NSCs) and still maintain immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. Transplantation of NSCs induced by hUCMSCs would be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurological diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 has neuroprotective effects and influences cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we further evaluated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and directional differentiation of hUCMSCs into NSCs. METHODS The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the optimal dose of ginsenoside Rg1 with respect to hUCMSC proliferation and differentiation. NSCs were authenticated using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry and were quantified in each group. RT-PCR was used to screen the signaling pathway by which ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the differentiation of hUCMSCs into NSCs. RESULTS The optimal dose of Rg1 to promote hUCMSC proliferation and differentiation to NSCs was 10 μmol/l. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence showed that induced NSCs expressed nestin and sex-determining region Y-box 2, with higher expression levels in the Rg1 group than that in the negative control group. RT-PCR showed that Rg1 downregulates the expression of genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways in the induction process. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg1 not only promotes the proliferation and viability of hUCMSCs in the process of differentiation into NSCs but also improves the differentiation efficiency. This study provides a basis for the development of hUCMSC-derived NSCs for the treatment of nervous system diseases and for analyses of underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine
| | - Maoyuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine
| | - Kang Zou
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University
| | - Zuoyong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Zhang D, Ji P, Sun R, Zhou H, Huang L, Kong L, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates LPS-induced chronic renal injury by inhibiting NOX4-NLRP3 signaling in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112936. [PMID: 35421784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal injury (CRI) is a common pathological damage in chronic renal disease, and the therapeutic options for preventing its progression are limited at present. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is reported to have a protective effect on renal injury by improving oxidative stress and inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays important roles in inducing inflammatory and high-dose LPS is often used to perform acute renal injury. However, little is known about the effect of low-dose LPS on CRI, and the protective effect of Rg1 against chronic LPS-induced CRI. Here, we reported the protective effect and mechanism of Rg1 against LPS-induced CRI in mice. In this study, the results demonstrated that low-dose LPS (0.25 mg/kg) exposure for 14 days significantly induced renal function impairment and renal injury and fibrosis. Meanwhile, LPS exposure significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in renal cortex. However, treatment with Rg1, tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic), and apocynin (a NOX inhibitor) significantly improved renal function impairment and renal fibrosis, and significantly decreased the levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, KIM-1, β-Gal, and collagen IV in the kidneys. And Rg1 treatment also significantly reduced ROS generation and inhibited the activation of NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, these results suggest that Rg1 treatment can ameliorate LPS-induced chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis, the mechanisms may be involved in reducing NOX2-mediated oxidative stress and inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pengmin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liangliang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, Anhui, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Liu Y, Xu X, Lei W, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Tang R, Yang Z, Tian Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Deng C, Zhang S, Yang Y. The NLRP3 inflammasome in fibrosis and aging: The known unknowns. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101638. [PMID: 35525426 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by fibrosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the inflammatory response and subsequently promotes fibrosis through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In this review, we first introduce the general background and specific mechanism of NLRP3 in fibrosis. Second, we investigate the role of NLRP3 in fibrosis in different organs/tissues. Third, we discuss the relationship between NLRP3 and fibrosis during aging. In summary, this review describes the latest progress on the roles of NLRP3 in fibrosis and aging and reveals the possibility of NLRP3 as an antifibrotic and anti-aging treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuezeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Peng Y, Li Y, Li H, Yu J. Shikonin attenuates kidney tubular epithelial cells apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4/PTEN pathway in acute kidney injury of sepsis model. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1111-1124. [PMID: 35417044 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds were used in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by sepsis. This study investigated the function of shikonin from the roots of Arnebia purpurea in sepsis-induced AKI model. The target genes of shikonin were predicted by traditional Chinese medicine integrative database (TCMID). The markers of kidney injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of kidney tubules were assessed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Apoptosis of kidney tubular epithelial cells (KTECs) was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. Protein expression was measured by western blot. Shikonin significantly improved kidney injury induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Besides, shikonin reduced KTECs apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, while augmented SOD and IL-10 levels. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase4 (NOX4) was predicted a target gene of shikonin. The expression of NOX4 was significantly inhibited in shikonin-treated group and the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphate and dual specificity protein phosphate (PTEN) and p-p65 were decreased, while level of p-Akt was elevated. In vitro experiments, shikonin inhibited cell apoptosis, inflammatory, and ROS in human HK-2 cells and rat TECs. Shikonin downregulated expression of NOX4, PTEN and p-p65, and upregulated p-AKT and Bcl-2 expression in HK2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, overexpression of NOX4 enhanced the effect of LPS on the expression level of PTEN, p-p65, p-AKT, and Bcl-2, which was reversed by the addition of shikonin. Taken together, shikonin could improve sepsis-induced AKI in rats, and attenuate the LPS induced KTECs apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction via modulating NOX4/PTEN/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junhua Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Cao B, Zeng M, Si Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xu R, Huang Y, Feng W, Zheng X. Extract of Corallodiscus flabellata attenuates renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice via the Wnt/β-catenin/RAS signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:52. [PMID: 35227255 PMCID: PMC8887028 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis is one of the most common pathological features of the aging process of the kidney, and fibrosis in aging kidneys also aggravates the process of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt (C. flabellata, CF) is a commonly used botanical drug in Chinese folklore. However, few studies have reported its pharmacological effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of CF ethanol extract on renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice and identify potentially active compounds. METHODS Senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) were used as animal models, and different doses of CF were given by gavage for one month. To observe the degree of renal aging in mice using β-galactosidase staining. Masson staining and the expression levels of Col-I, α-SMA, and FN were used to evaluate the renal fibrosis in mice. The protein expression levels of Nrf2 pathway and Wnt/β-catenin/RAS pathway in the kidney were measured. And β-galactosidase (β-gal) induced NRK-52E cells as an in vitro model to screen the active components of CF. RESULTS The CF ethanol extract significantly inhibited the activity of renal β-galactosidase and the expression levels of Col-I, α-SMA, and FN in SAMP8 mice, and improved Masson staining in SAMP8 mice. CF remarkably reduced urinary protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in SAMP8 mice, and significantly increased the levels of SOD and GSH-Px. Moreover, CF activated the Nrf2 pathway and blocked the Wnt/β-catenin/RAS pathway in the kidneys of mice. Besides, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (SDC-0-14, 16) and (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-8-O-[4-O-trans-caffeoyl-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (SDC-1-8) were isolated from CF, which reduced the senescence of NRK-52E cells, and maybe the active ingredients of CF playing the anti-aging role. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments illuminated that CF ethanol extract may ameliorate renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice via the Wnt/β-catenin/RAS pathway. And SDC-0-14,16 and SDC-1-8 may be the material basis for CF to exert anti-renal senescence-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpo Si
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Xu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li Y, Zhang D, Li L, Han Y, Dong X, Yang L, Li X, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates aging‑induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting the NOX4/NLRP3 inflammasome in SAMP8 mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:801. [PMID: 34523690 PMCID: PMC8456316 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by liver injury and fibrosis, eventually leading to the decline in liver function. However, the mechanism of aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis is still not fully understood, to the best of our knowledge, and there are currently no effective treatment options available for liver aging. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been reported to exert potent anti‑aging effects due to its potential antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of action of Rg1 in aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis in senescence‑accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice treated for 9 weeks. The histopathological results showed that the arrangement of hepatocytes was disordered, vacuole‑like degeneration occurred in the majority of cells, and collagen IV and TGF‑β1 expression levels, that were detected via immunohistochemistry, were also significantly upregulated in the SAMP8 group. Rg1 treatment markedly improved aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis, and significantly downregulated the expression levels of collagen IV and TGF‑β1. In addition, the dihydroethylene staining and western blotting results showed that Rg1 treatment significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL‑1β, and downregulated the expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), p47phox, p22phox, phosphorylated‑NF‑κB, caspase‑1, apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein containing a C‑terminal caspase recruitment domain and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which were significantly upregulated in the liver tissues of elderly SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that Rg1 may attenuate aging‑induced liver injury and fibrosis by reducing NOX4‑mediated ROS oxidative stress and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xuewang Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Mvubu NE, Chiliza TE. Exploring the Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Derivatives as Alveolar NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulators during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179497. [PMID: 34502407 PMCID: PMC8431520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a successful intracellular pathogen that is responsible for the highest mortality rate among diseases caused by bacterial infections. During early interaction with the host innate cells, M. tuberculosis cell surface antigens interact with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) canonical, and non-canonical inflammasome pathways. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the alveoli has been reported to contribute to the early inflammatory response that is needed for an effective anti-TB response through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including those of the Interleukin 1 (IL1) family. However, overstimulation of the alveolar NLRP3 inflammasomes can induce excessive inflammation that is pathological to the host. Several studies have explored the use of medicinal plants and/or their active derivatives to inhibit excessive stimulation of the inflammasomes and its associated factors, thus reducing immunopathological response in the host. This review describes the molecular mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the alveoli during M. tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, the mechanisms of inflammasome inhibition using medicinal plant and their derivatives will also be explored, thus offering a novel perspective on the alternative control strategies of M. tuberculosis-induced immunopathology.
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Zhou S, Zhou Y, Yu J, Jiang L, Xiang Y, Wang J, Du Y, Cui X, Ge F. A neutral polysaccharide from Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis restrains cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3602-3616. [PMID: 34262721 PMCID: PMC8269674 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis is an edible mushroom distributed over the south-eastern part of the Tibet Plateau, which is also recognized as an effective ethnomedicine to alleviate diseases. This study explored the effects of a kind of Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis neutral polysaccharide (ONP) on RAW264.7 macrophages and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The results showed that ONP relieved the inflammatory response of RAW264.7 macrophages by increasing the expression level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Furthermore, ONP treatment significantly prolonged the survival of the mice treated by cisplatin through decelerating pathological progress and alleviating damaged functions of the kidneys. Compared with the cisplatin group, ONP reduced the oxidative stress of the renal cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors. Apoptosis of renal cells was also weakened in the ONP treatment group. These findings indicated that ONP alleviated cisplatin nephrotoxicity mainly by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidneys, underscoring the potential of ONP supplementation to alleviate the side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginsengFaculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Yunnan Cancer Center Molecular Diagnostics CenterYunnan Cancer Hospital & the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Li Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginsengFaculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Yingying Xiang
- Department of StomatologyYan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginsengFaculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Yaxi Du
- Yunnan Cancer Center Molecular Diagnostics CenterYunnan Cancer Hospital & the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginsengFaculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Feng Ge
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginsengFaculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
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Zhang Y, Ding S, Chen Y, Sun Z, Zhang J, Han Y, Dong X, Fang Z, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasomes in HT22 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:782. [PMID: 34055081 PMCID: PMC8145787 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a toxic component of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria that are widely present in gastrointestinal tracts. Increasing evidence showed that LPS plays important roles in the pathogeneses of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NADPH oxidase s2 (NOX2) is a complex membrane protein that contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in several neurological diseases. The NLRP1 inflammasome can be activated in response to an accumulation of ROS in neurons. However, it is still unknown whether LPS exposure can deteriorate neuronal damage by activating NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has protective effects on neurons, although whether Rg1 alleviates LPS-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of concentration gradients and different times of LPS exposure on neuronal damage was investigated in HT22 cells, and further observed the effect of Rg1 treatment on NOX2-NLPR1 inflammasome activation, ROS production and neuronal damage in LPS-treated HT22 cells. The results demonstrated that LPS exposure significantly induced NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation, excessive production of ROS, and neuronal damage in HT22 cells. It was also shown that Rg1 treatment significantly decreased NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation and ROS production and alleviated neuronal damage in LPS-induced HT22 cells. The present data suggested that Rg1 has protective effects on LPS-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes in HT22 cells, and Rg1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for delaying neuronal damage in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Chen TT, Xiao F, Li N, Shan S, Qi M, Wang ZY, Zhang SN, Wei W, Sun WY. Inflammasome as an Effective Platform for Fibrosis Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1575-1590. [PMID: 33907438 PMCID: PMC8069677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final stage of the development of chronic inflammation. It is characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix, leading to tissue structure damage and organ dysfunction, which is a serious threat to human health and life. However, the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still unclear. Inflammasome is a molecular complex of proteins that has been becoming a key innate sensor for host immunity and is involved in pyroptosis, pathogen infection, metabolic syndrome, cellular stress, and tumor metastasis. Inflammasome signaling and downstream cytokine responses mediated by the inflammasome have been found to play an important role in fibrosis. The inflammasome regulates the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, which are both critical for the process of fibrosis. Recently, researches on the function of inflammasome have attracted extensive attention, and data derived from these researches have increased our understanding of the effects and regulation of inflammasome during fibrosis. In this review, we emphasize the growing evidence for both indirect and direct effects of inflammasomes in triggering fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Alginate Oligosaccharide Ameliorates D-Galactose-Induced Kidney Aging in Mice through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6623328. [PMID: 33506023 PMCID: PMC7811433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6623328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of age-related progressive kidney injury. As a part of the aging process, kidney aging has been indicated to be associated with oxidative stress-induced damage. Ameliorating oxidative damage is therefore considered a promising strategy for delaying kidney aging. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) has been reported to have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. However, no studies have focused on the role of AOS in delaying the kidney aging process. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential effects of AOS on kidney aging and its possible mechanisms. Subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal) (200 mg·kg−1·d−1) in C57BL/6J mice for 8 weeks was used to establish the aging model. AOS (200 mg·kg−1·d−1) was administered via oral gavage for the last four weeks. As a result, AOS inhibited the D-gal-induced upregulation of aging markers and significantly improved the kidney index and kidney function of D-gal-induced mice. In addition, AOS ameliorated the degree of tissue damage and fibrosis in the aging kidney. To further explore the potential mechanisms by which AOS attenuates the kidney aging process, the associated oxidative stress-induced damage was analyzed in depth. The data showed that AOS upregulated the expression of Klotho and decreased malondialdehyde levels by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, our results suggested that AOS activated the nuclear factor erythrogen-2 associated factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation in aging mice and upregulated the downstream expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that AOS is a promising agent for attenuating kidney aging, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are related to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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28
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Ding N, Wei B, Fu X, Wang C, Wu Y. Natural Products that Target the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Treat Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:591393. [PMID: 33390969 PMCID: PMC7773645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathway followed by different organs after injury, and it can lead to parenchymal scarring, cellular dysfunction, and even organ failure. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex composed of the sensor molecule NLRP3, the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and the effector protease caspase-1. Overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the abundant secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, induces pyroptosis, and promotes the release of a swathe of proinflammatory proteins, all of which contribute to fibrogenic processes in multiple organs. In recent years, screening bioactive natural compounds for NLRP3 inhibitors to alleviate fibrosis has gained broad interest from the scientific community because of the associated cost-effectiveness and easy access. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively summarize the natural products, including terpenoids, phenols, and alkaloids, among others, and the plant-derived crude extracts, that have been reported to ameliorate fibrosis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and highlight the underlying mechanisms. Among all the compounds, diterpenoids is the most promising candidates for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improving fibrosis, as they possess combined inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and NF-κB signaling pathway. All the information may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Research lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Cheng CY, Vo TTT, Lin WN, Huang HW, Chuang CC, Chu PM, Lee IT. Nrf2/HO-1 partially regulates cytoprotective effects of carbon monoxide against urban particulate matter-induced inflammatory responses in oral keratinocytes. Cytokine 2020; 133:155185. [PMID: 32615411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) increases the proportion of oral inflammatory diseases. During the formation of inflammatory conditions, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays an important regulator. Carbon monoxide (CO) arising from heme degradation, catalyzed particularly by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), has been shown to own cytoprotective effects including anti-inflammation and antioxidant. Here, we determined the novel mechanisms of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on PM-induced inflammatory responses in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). METHODS The effects of CORM-2 on the expression of various inflammatory proteins induced by PM were determined by Western blot, real-time PCR, promoter assay, and ELISA. The involvement of signaling molecules in these responses was studied by using the selective pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs. RESULTS We proved that PM enhanced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β release, which were reduced by preincubation with CORM-2. Transfection with PKCα siRNA and preincubation with the ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-cysteine, NAC), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium, DPI), or the mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger (MitoTEMPO) inhibited PM-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, PM-regulated PKCα and NADPH oxidase activation as well as NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS generation were inhibited by CORM-2, but not inactivate CORM-2 (iCORM-2) pretreatment. At the end, we confirmed that CORM-2 improved PM-induced inflammatory responses via the induction of Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression. CONCLUSION We suggest that CORM-2 inhibits PM-induced inflammatory responses in HOKs via the inhibition of PKCα/ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome activation combined with the induction of Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pulmonary Infection and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Chuang
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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