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Gu D, Xia Y, Ding Z, Qian J, Gu X, Bai H, Jiang M, Yao D. Inflammation in the Peripheral Nervous System after Injury. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1256. [PMID: 38927464 PMCID: PMC11201765 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury is a common condition that occurs as a result of trauma, iatrogenic injury, or long-lasting stimulation. Unlike the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a strong capacity for self-repair and regeneration. Peripheral nerve injury results in the degeneration of distal axons and myelin sheaths. Macrophages and Schwann cells (SCs) can phagocytose damaged cells. Wallerian degeneration (WD) makes the whole axon structure degenerate, creating a favorable regenerative environment for new axons. After nerve injury, macrophages, neutrophils and other cells are mobilized and recruited to the injury site to phagocytose necrotic cells and myelin debris. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors involved in the inflammatory response provide a favorable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration and regulate the effects of inflammation on the body through relevant signaling pathways. Previously, inflammation was thought to be detrimental to the body, but further research has shown that appropriate inflammation promotes nerve regeneration, axon regeneration, and myelin formation. On the contrary, excessive inflammation can cause nerve tissue damage and pathological changes, and even lead to neurological diseases. Therefore, after nerve injury, various cells in the body interact with cytokines and chemokines to promote peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by inhibiting the negative effects of inflammation and harnessing the positive effects of inflammation in specific ways and at specific times. Understanding the interaction between neuroinflammation and nerve regeneration provides several therapeutic ideas to improve the inflammatory microenvironment and promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Yiming Xia
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Jiaxi Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Xi Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Maorong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.B.)
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Jiang S, Li W, Song M, Liang J, Liu G, Du Q, Wang L, Meng H, Tang L, Yang Y, Zhang B. CXCL1-CXCR2 axis mediates inflammatory response after sciatic nerve injury by regulating macrophage infiltration. Mol Immunol 2024; 169:50-65. [PMID: 38493581 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response following sciatic nerve injury. Studies have demonstrated that C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL) 1 recruit macrophages by binding to C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2 and participates in the inflammatory response of various diseases. Based on these findings, we aimed to explore the role of the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis in the repair process after peripheral nerve injury. Initially, we simulated sciatic nerve injury and observed an increased expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in the nerves of the injury group. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that the heightened CXCL1 expression occurs in Schwann cells and is secreted, while the elevated CXCR2 is expressed by recruited macrophages. In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the binding of CXCL1 to CXCR2 can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and promote the production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in macrophages. However, after mice were subjected to sciatic nerve injury, the number of macrophages and the expression of inflammatory factors in the sciatic nerve were reduced following treatment with the CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002. Simultaneously, we evaluated the sciatic nerve function index, the expression of p75 neurotrophic factor receptor (p75NTR), and myelin proteins, and all of these results were improved with the use of SB225002. Thus, our results suggest that after sciatic nerve injury, the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis mediates the inflammatory response by promoting the recruitment and activation of macrophages, which is detrimental to the repair of the injured nerves. In contrast, treatment with SB225002 promotes the repair of injured sciatic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guixian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiaochu Du
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haining Meng
- School of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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3
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Sun J, Zeng Q, Wu Z, Huang L, Sun T, Ling C, Zhang B, Chen C, Wang H. Berberine inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and proinflammatory macrophage M1 polarization to accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00347. [PMID: 38570276 PMCID: PMC11067341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects by modulating macrophage polarization. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which berberine regulates post-injury inflammation within the peripheral nerve system remain elusive. This study seeks to elucidate the role of BBR and its underlying mechanisms in inflammation following peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Adult male C57BL/6J mice subjected to PNI were administered daily doses of berberine (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 mg/kg) via gavage from day 1 through day 28. Evaluation of the sciatic function index (SFI) and paw withdrawal threshold revealed that BBR dose-dependently enhanced both motor and sensory functions. Immunofluorescent staining for anti-myelin basic protein (anti-MBP) and anti-neurofilament-200 (anti-NF-200), along with histological staining comprising hematoxylin-eosin (HE), luxol fast blue (LFB), and Masson staining, demonstrated that BBR dose-dependently promoted structural regeneration. Molecular analyses including qRT-PCR, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence confirmed that inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 shifted macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, while also impeding macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, BBR significantly downregulated the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated molecules in macrophages, thereby mitigating NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced macrophage M1 polarization and inflammation. In summary, BBR's neuroprotective effects were concomitant with the suppression of inflammation after PNI, achieved through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced macrophage M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Qiuhua Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cong Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Baoyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China.
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Song M, Wang L, Jiang S, Liang J, Li W, Rao W, Du Q, Liu G, Meng H, Tang L, Li Z, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang B. Pathogenic Th17 cell-mediated liver fibrosis contributes to resistance to PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111601. [PMID: 38350354 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to targeted therapies and immune checkpoint blockade is critical for the development of new combination therapies and improving patient survival. Here, we found that in HCC, anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy reduces liver cancer growth, but the tumors eventually become resistant to continued therapy. Experimental analyses shows that the infiltration of pathogenic T helper 17 (pTh17) cells increases in drug-resistant HCC, and pTh17 cells secrete interleukin-17A (IL-17A), which promotes the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of HCC cells and produces resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Anti-IL-17A combined with PD-L1 blockade significantly increased the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells expressing high levels of interferon-γ and reduced treatment resistance in HCC. These results support the combination of anti-PD-L1 and anti-IL-17A as a novel strategy to induce effective T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Wei Rao
- Division of Hepatology, Liver Disease Center, Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Qiaochu Du
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Guixian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Haining Meng
- School of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
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Li W, Liang J, Li S, Jiang S, Song M, Xu S, Wang L, Meng H, Zhai D, Tang L, Yang Y, Zhang B. The CXCL12-CXCR4-NLRP3 axis promotes Schwann cell pyroptosis and sciatic nerve demyelination in rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:219-234. [PMID: 37497691 PMCID: PMC10714193 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is detrimental to the functional recovery of the sciatic nerve, but the regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in peripheral nerves are unclear. C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) can bind to C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and participate in a wide range of nerve inflammation by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Based on these, we explore whether CXCL12-CXCR4 axis regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome in the peripheral nerve. We found that CXCR4/CXCL12, NLRP3 inflammasome-related components, pyroptosis-related proteins and inflammatory factors in the sciatic nerve injured rats were markedly increased compared with the sham-operated group. AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, reverses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, Schwann cell pyroptosis and sciatic nerve demyelination. We further treated rat Schwann cells with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to mimic the cellular inflammation model of sciatic nerve injury, and the results were consistent with those in vivo. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that AMD3100 treatment reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), which contributes to activating NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, our findings suggest that, after sciatic nerve injury, CXCL12-CXCR4 axis may promote Schwann cell pyroptosis and sciatic nerve demyelination through activating NLRP3 inflammasome and slow the recovery process of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haining Meng
- School of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongchang Zhai
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Cristiano C, Giorgio C, Cocchiaro P, Boccella S, Cesta MC, Castelli V, Liguori FM, Cuozzo MR, Brandolini L, Russo R, Allegretti M. Inhibition of C5aR1 as a promising approach to treat taxane-induced neuropathy. Cytokine 2023; 171:156370. [PMID: 37722320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of several antitumor agents resulting in progressive and often irreversible damage of peripheral nerves. In addition to their known anticancer effects, taxanes, including paclitaxel, can also induce peripheral neuropathy by activating microglia and astrocytes, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2). All these events contribute to the maintenance of neuropathic or inflammatory response. Complement component 5a (C5a)/C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) signaling was very recently shown to play a crucial role in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Our recent findings highlighted that taxanes have the previously unreported property of binding and activating C5aR1, and that C5aR1 inhibition by DF3966A is effective in preventing paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) in animal models. Here, we investigated if C5aR1 inhibition maintains efficacy in reducing PIPN in a therapeutic setting. Furthermore, we characterized the role of C5aR1 activation by paclitaxel and the CIPN-associated activation of nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Our results clearly show that administration of the C5aR1 inhibitor strongly reduced cold and mechanical allodynia in mice when given both during the onset of PIPN and when neuropathy is well established. C5aR1 activation by paclitaxel was found to be a key event in the induction of inflammatory factors in spinal cord, such as TNF-α, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In addition, C5aR1 inhibition significantly mitigated paclitaxel-induced inflammation and inflammasome activation by reducing IL-1β and NLRP3 expression at both sciatic and dorsal root ganglia level, confirming the involvement of inflammasome in PIPN. Moreover, paclitaxel-induced upregulation of C5aR1 was significantly reduced by DF3966A treatment in central nervous system. Lastly, the antinociceptive effect of C5aR1 inhibition was confirmed in an in vitro model of sensory neurons in which we focused on receptor channels usually activated upon neuropathy. In conclusion, C5aR1 inhibition is proposed as a therapeutic option with the potential to exert long-term protective effect on PIPN-associated neuropathic pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - C Giorgio
- Dompé farmaceutici SpA, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - P Cocchiaro
- Dompé farmaceutici SpA, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - S Boccella
- Dompé farmaceutici SpA, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M C Cesta
- Dompé farmaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - V Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - F M Liguori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M R Cuozzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - L Brandolini
- Dompé farmaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M Allegretti
- Dompé farmaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Basu P, Maier C, Averitt DL, Basu A. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and peripheral neuropathic pain - Emphasis on microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175901. [PMID: 37451423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by the lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and can be initiated and/or maintained by both central and peripheral mechanisms. Nerve injury leads to neuronal damage and apoptosis associated with the release of an array of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to activate inflammasomes. The activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to neuropathic pain and may represent a novel target for pain therapeutic development. In the current review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the recent findings on the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in modulating neuropathic pain development and maintenance, focusing on peripheral neuropathic conditions. Here we provide a detailed review of the mechanisms whereby NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to neuropathic pain via (1) neuroinflammation, (2) apoptosis, (3) pyroptosis, (4) proinflammatory cytokine release, (5) mitochondrial dysfunction, and (6) oxidative stress. We then present the current research literature reporting on the antinociceptive effects of several natural products and pharmacological interventions that target activation, expression, and/or regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we emphasize the effects of microRNAs as another regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, we summarize the possible caveats and future perspectives that might provide successful therapeutic approaches against NLRP3 inflammasome for treating or preventing neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, The Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Camelia Maier
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Dayna L Averitt
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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Li B, Guo J, Zhou X, Li W, Wang N, Cao R, Cui S. The emerging role of pyroptosis in neuropathic pain. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110562. [PMID: 37364324 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain caused by somatosensory system injuries is notoriously difficult to treat. Previous research has shown that neuroinflammation and cell death have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death associated with inflammatory processes, as it can enhance or sustain the inflammatory response by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review presents the current knowledge on pyroptosis and its underlying mechanisms, including the canonical and noncanonical pathways. Moreover, we discuss recent findings on the role of pyroptosis in neuropathic pain and its potential as a therapeutic target. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential significance of pyroptosis as a promising target for developing innovative therapies to treat neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Xiongyao Zhou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Rangjuan Cao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, Changchun, China.
| | - Shusen Cui
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, Changchun, China.
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9
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Analgesic Effect of Perineural Injection of BoNT/A on Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury of Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2161-2174. [PMID: 36828984 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of perineural injection of BoNT/A on neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) and possible mechanisms. SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group, CCI group and BoNT/A group. Paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (pMWT) and paw thermal withdrawal latency (pTWL) of each group were detected at different time points after surgery. The expression of myelin markers, autophagy markers and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in injured sciatic nerves were examined at 12 days after surgery. Moreover, C-fiber evoked potential in spinal dorsal horn was recorded. The expression of SNAP-25, neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn of each group were examined. Then rats treated with BoNT/A were randomly divided into DMSO group and Wnt agonist group to further explore the regulatory effect of BoNT/A on Wnt pathway. We found that pMWT and pTWL of ipsilateral paw were significantly decreased in CCI group compared with Sham group, which could be improved by perineural injection of BoNT/A at days 7, 9 and 12 after surgery. The peripheral analgesic mechanisms of perineural injection of BoNT/A might be related to the protective effect on myelin sheath by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting autophagy flow, while the central analgesic mechanisms might be associated with inhibition of neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn due to inhibiting SNAP-25 and Wnt pathway. As a new route of administration, perineural injection of BoNT/A can relieve CCI induced neuropathic pain probably via both peripheral and central analgesic mechanisms.
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Research progress of targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in peripheral nerve injury and pain. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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UNC5B Overexpression Alleviates Peripheral Neuropathic Pain by Stimulating Netrin-1-Dependent Autophagic Flux in Schwann Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5041-5055. [PMID: 35668343 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lesions or diseases of the somatosensory system can cause neuropathic pain (NP). Schwann cell (SC) autophagy plays an important role in NP. Uncoordinated gene 5 homolog B (UNC5B), the canonical dependent receptor of netrin-1, is known to be exclusively expressed in SCs and involved in NP; however, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. A rat model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) was used to induce peripheral neuropathic pain. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) overexpressing UNC5B was applied to the injured nerve, and an autophagy inhibitor, 3-mechyladenine (3-MA), was intraperitoneally injected in some animals. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate NP, the morphology of the injured nerves was analyzed, and autophagy-related proteins were detected. A rat SC line (RSC96) undergoing oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to mimic an ischemic setting to examine the role of UNC5B in autophagy. Local UNC5B overexpression alleviated CCI-induced NP and rescued myelin degeneration. Meanwhile, UNC5B overexpression improved CCI-induced impairment of autophagic flux, while the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reversed the analgesic effect of UNC5B. In cultured SCs, UNC5B helped recruit netrin-1 to the cell membrane. UNC5B overexpression promoted autophagic flux while inhibiting apoptosis, which was further augmented with exogenous netrin-1 and reversed by netrin-1 knockdown. The enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Unc51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) by UNC5B overexpression was also correlated with netrin-1. Our results suggest that UNC5B facilitates autophagic flux in SCs via phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1, dependent on its ligand netrin-1, protecting myelin and partly preventing injury-induced NP.
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Molnár K, Nógrádi B, Kristóf R, Mészáros Á, Pajer K, Siklós L, Nógrádi A, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. Motoneuronal inflammasome activation triggers excessive neuroinflammation and impedes regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:68. [PMID: 35305649 PMCID: PMC8934511 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injuries are accompanied by inflammatory reactions, over-activation of which may hinder recovery. Among pro-inflammatory pathways, inflammasomes are one of the most potent, leading to release of active IL-1β. Our aim was to understand how inflammasomes participate in central inflammatory reactions accompanying peripheral nerve injury. Methods After axotomy of the sciatic nerve, priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was examined in cells of the spinal cord. Regeneration of the nerve was evaluated after coaptation using sciatic functional index measurements and retrograde tracing. Results In the first 3 days after the injury, elements of the NLRP3 inflammasome were markedly upregulated in the L4–L5 segments of the spinal cord, followed by assembly of the inflammasome and secretion of active IL-1β. Although glial cells are traditionally viewed as initiators of neuroinflammation, in this acute phase of inflammation, inflammasome activation was found exclusively in affected motoneurons of the ventral horn in our model. This process was significantly inhibited by 5-BDBD, a P2X4 receptor inhibitor and MCC950, a potent NLRP3 inhibitor. Although at later time points the NLRP3 protein was upregulated in microglia too, no signs of inflammasome activation were detected in these cells. Inhibition of inflammasome activation in motoneurons in the first days after nerve injury hindered development of microgliosis in the spinal cord. Moreover, P2X4 or inflammasome inhibition in the acute phase significantly enhanced nerve regeneration on both the morphological and the functional levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that the central reaction initiated by sciatic nerve injury starts with inflammasome activation in motoneurons of the ventral horn, which triggers a complex inflammatory reaction and activation of microglia. Inhibition of neuronal inflammasome activation not only leads to a significant reduction of microgliosis, but has a beneficial effect on the recovery as well. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02427-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernát Nógrádi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Kristóf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Pajer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Siklós
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary. .,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary. .,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.
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de Oliveira JADP, de Athaide MM, Rahman AU, de Mattos Barbosa MG, Jardim MM, Moraes MO, Pinheiro RO. Kynurenines in the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Neuropathy During Leprosy and COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815738. [PMID: 35281455 PMCID: PMC8907883 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders are associated with the activation of tryptophan (TRYP) catabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). Several reports have demonstrated the role of KP in the immunopathophysiology of both leprosy and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The nervous system can be affected in infections caused by both Mycobacterium leprae and SARS-CoV-2, but the mechanisms involved in the peripheral neural damage induced by these infectious agents are not fully understood. In recent years KP has received greater attention due the importance of kynurenine metabolites in infectious diseases, immune dysfunction and nervous system disorders. In this review, we discuss how modulation of the KP may aid in controlling the damage to peripheral nerves and the effects of KP activation on neural damage during leprosy or COVID-19 individually and we speculate its role during co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atta Ur Rahman
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Maria Jardim
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Roberta Olmo Pinheiro,
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Yin G, Peng Y, Lin Y, Wang P, Li Z, Wang R, Lin H. Long Non-coding RNA MSTRG.24008.1 Regulates the Regeneration of the Sciatic Nerve via the miR-331-3p-NLRP3/MAL Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641603. [PMID: 34150749 PMCID: PMC8213216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common clinical problem, which can cause severe disability and dramatically affect a patient’s quality of life. Neural regeneration after PNI is a complex biological process that involves a variety of signaling pathways and genes. Emerging studies demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were abnormally expressed after PNI and played pivotal roles in peripheral nerve regeneration. Based on the rat sciatic nerve injury model, we found that the expression levels of several lncRNAs were increased significantly in the sciatic nerve after injury. Software prediction prompted us to focus on one up-regulated lncRNA, MSTRG.24008.1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay and RNA interference approach verified that MSTRG.24008.1 regulated neuroregeneration via the miR-331-3p/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) axis in vitro. Subsequently, we performed gastrocnemius muscle gravity and sciatic functional index experiments to evaluate the recovery of injured sciatic nerves after MSTRG.24008.1 siRNA interference in vivo. In conclusion, knockdown of MSTRG.24008.1 promotes the regeneration of the sciatic nerve via the miR-331-3p/NLRP3/MAL axis, which may provide a new strategy to evaluate and repair injured peripheral nerves clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaofa Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haodong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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