1
|
Saleem F, Malik MI. Exposure to Terrorism, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and University Teachers' Performance: Underpinning the Role of Social Support. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:517. [PMID: 37366769 PMCID: PMC10294798 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of exposure to terrorism on post-traumatic stress disorder and employee performance, and to determine whether social support acts as a boundary condition that can attenuate the adverse effects of PTSD on employee performance. The study used a cross-sectional sample of 178 university teachers who had experienced a terrorist attack. Data was collected using closed-ended questionnaires and analyzed using PROCESS Macro). The results found a negative and significant relationship between exposure to terrorism, post-traumatic disorder, and employees' performance. Moreover, it was also found that social support helps attenuate the negative impact of PTSD on performance levels. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the relationship between terrorism exposure, PTSD, employee performance, and the potential mitigating effects of social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida Saleem
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock 43600, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Disasters and international business: Insights and recommendations from a systematic review. JOURNAL OF WORLD BUSINESS 2023; 58:101458. [PMCID: PMC10139868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Disasters – natural or manmade – are on the rise with far-reaching implications for international business (IB) actors and transactions. While the Covid-19 pandemic has generated much academic interest for its impact on business in general, little effort has been made to consolidate the fragmented research on disasters more broadly in the field of international business. Therefore, it is important and urgent to consolidate the existing knowledge to provide a solid basis for future research. We systematically review 132 articles published between 1991 and 2022 and critically evaluate the nascent but rapidly growing literature at the intersection of disasters and IB. Our examination of the different types of disasters (natural and manmade) shows two separate streams: (1) a dominant MNE-centric stream of strategic IB research which regards disaster as an exogenous shock impacting MNE strategies, responses, and resilience, and (2) an emergent stream which places disaster as a more central, embedded phenomenon of investigation impacted by MNEs and other global actors. Our systematic review highlights the gaps in this literature and concludes with a discussion of the intersection of IB-disasters in relation to the 17 United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to suggest directions for future research.
Collapse
|
3
|
Koveshnikov A, Lehtonen MJ, Wechtler H. Expatriates on the run: The psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on expatriates' host country withdrawal intentions. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:102009. [PMID: 36185728 PMCID: PMC9512565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Extant research on expatriation in high-stress environments where stress is caused by ongoing and unexpected natural crises remains limited. Drawing on stress theory, in this study, we develop a model to examine the stress-inducing effects of intra-family concerns and workplace discrimination on the intentions to leave the host country among expatriates in the high-stress environment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We also explore whether gender and the level of work adjustment moderate the propensity of intra-family health concerns and workplace discrimination to induce psychological stress. Based on our analysis of 381 expatriates living and working in the United Arab Emirates, we find the model to be generally supported. We also reveal an intriguing moderating effect of work adjustment on the relationship between intra-family health concerns and psychological stress. Overall, the analysis is among the first ones to shed light on the role of natural crises' stressors in defining expatriate outcomes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sahoo A, Xechung NL, Mostafiz MI, Krishnaswamy J. Perceived risk and sensitivity and their influence on expatriate performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. GLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9088582 DOI: 10.1002/joe.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID 19 pandemic has changed the way that global businesses function, and has been the driving force behind a reevaluation of the factors that influence expatriate performance. This study empirically examines the mediating effects of perceived risk and sensitivity in the relationship between self‐initiated expatriates support mechanisms (perceived organizational support and host‐country national support) and expatriate performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The data from 114 expatriates working and residing in Malaysia between March 27 and May 14, 2020 was analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results from the study indicate that host country national support significantly influences expatriate performance indirectly through expatriate engagement, while perceived risk and sensitivity moderate the relationship between perceived organizational support and host country national support through expatriate engagement. The integration of factors that influence work performance during a pandemic, such as perceived risk and sensitivity, leads to a more concise view of expatriation. Organizations need to be more prepared in terms of risk induced scenarios, and propose suitable intervention programs to mitigate the potential negative outcomes due to a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sahoo
- Taylors University Lakeside Campus Subang Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haist J, Kurth P. How do low-status expatriates deal with crises? Stress, external support and personal coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-03-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeLow-status expatriates (LSEs), a highly vulnerable group, have been significantly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the stressors that continue to impact LSEs in Germany and their access to support during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretivist, qualitative research approach was employed. The authors utilised a multi-level data collection strategy that combined interview and questionnaire data from 16 expatriates and 16 social actors. The data were analysed using a directed content analysis method.FindingsLSEs experienced high levels of stress that were further exacerbated by the introduction of COVID-19 control measures that were intended to slow the spread of the virus. LSEs are particularly vulnerable due to their overrepresentation in precarious professions and the associated job insecurity. Critically, external support from employers and social actors is generally lacking, leaving LSEs to rely on their own personal coping strategies in difficult times.Research limitations/implicationsThe earlier Expatriate crisis Framework highlights the importance of external support for expatriates. However, this framework does not sufficiently account for personal coping strategies that are particularly important for individuals that cannot access such external support (e.g. LSEs). Herein, the authors offer a revised framework that is more applicable to LSEs.Practical implicationsCurrent practices are problematic, necessitating policy changes at both governmental and organisational levels.Originality/valueThis study provides unique insights into the ways in which the pandemic has affected the already precarious position of LSEs and identifies the importance of personal coping strategies in the absence of external sources of support.
Collapse
|
6
|
“Your health and safety is of utmost importance to us”: A review of research on the occupational health and safety of international employees. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Zacher H, Rudolph CW. Researching employee experiences and behavior in times of crisis: Theoretical and methodological considerations and implications for human resource management. GERMAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PERSONALFORSCHUNG 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23970022211058812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 2 years, numerous empirical studies in the fields of human resource management, organizational behavior, and industrial, work, and organizational psychology have investigated employee experiences and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this paper is to take a step back and to outline several theoretical and methodological considerations when researching employee experiences and behavior in times of crisis more generally. These insights may be useful when developing conceptual models, designing empirical studies, and managing people in the context of future crises. We first review theoretical approaches that could be applied to explain changes in employee experiences and behavior in times of crisis, including stress theories, theories of adjustment to work-related changes, career construction theory, event system theory, transition-adaptation theories, the crisis management and resilience framework, and the social identity model of identity change. Second, we outline methodological considerations and best practices regarding the research design of quantitative empirical studies, sampling, measurement, and analytic strategies. Throughout, we highlight empirical studies on employee experiences and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic that have adopted these theoretical approaches and methodological best practices. We conclude with several suggestions for future theory development and empirical studies on employee experiences and behavior as well as human resource management in times of crisis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dang QT, Rammal HG, Michailova S. Expatriates' families: A systematic literature review and research agenda. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
9
|
Armijos Bravo G, Vall Castelló J. Terrorist attacks, Islamophobia and newborns' health. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 79:102510. [PMID: 34375853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Islamophobia has increased in the last years, in part, due to terrorist attacks perpetrated by jihadist groups. This phenomenon might be a source of stress, being particularly problematic for pregnant (Muslim) women. We examine how stress generated by the 2017 Catalonia (Spain) attacks affected the health of newborns whose mothers are from a Muslim country (as the perpetrators). We use a difference-in-differences-in-differences model comparing newborns whose mothers come from a Muslim country and are residing in a municipality directly affected by the attacks, to other newborns, before-after the attacks. Results show that the share of low-birth-weight babies and deliveries with complications raise significantly by 23.77%, and 13.02%. We document a significant increase in Islamophobia and in emotional distress in our group of interest. We conclude that Islamophobia-related stress is possibly one of the channels affecting health at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Armijos Bravo
- Department of Economics, Universitat de Barcelona & Instituto de Economía de Barcelona (IEB), Spain; Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Ecuador.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soomro SA, Gadehi AA, Xu XH, Shaikh SA. Job Stress and Burnout Among Employees Working in Terrorist-Ridden Areas. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667488. [PMID: 34305725 PMCID: PMC8294454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article examines the relationship of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on employee stress by considering job burnout (BO), organizational (in)justice (OJ), and sensitivity to terrorism (STT). This study uses the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) framework as a job stress model. After describing terrorism and a brief discussion on organizational justice and some of its challenges, we introduced "sensitivity to terrorism" as a moderator in the ERI framework. Using a 432 sample size of questionnaire data collected from two big cities where terrorist attacks are rampant and received during a period when terrorist attacks were at a peak. After analyzing data in EFA, results from the hierarchical regression analysis provided support for our developed model. Overall, the statistical model is significant (p < 0.05). We found significant relationships between ERI and facets of BO. Organizational (in)justice mediated the influence of ERI on facets of BO. We also found that STT significantly moderated ERI and facets of burnout. The article concludes with some implications and guidelines for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaib Ahmed Soomro
- Department of Business Administration, Sukkur Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Sukkur, Pakistan
| | | | - Xu Hongyi Xu
- School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Expatriate Management of Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises: A Multiple Case Study Approach. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm14060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expatriate management has evolved through the practices of developed economy multinational enterprises (DMNEs), with the aim of improving expatriate adaptability, cross-cultural adjustment, and performance. However, most of these studies focus on expatriates from developed countries and try to help DMNEs instead of emerging market MNEs (EMNEs). In a turbulent global economy, how EMNEs manage their expatriates when conducting business through their outward foreign direct investment (FDI) is understudied. This empirical study aims to address this research gap by utilising a qualitative approach and a multiple case study. It has conducted semi-structured interviews with expatriates, executives, and middle managers of Chinese MNEs in 2014. It contributes as one of the few to systematically examine expatriate related issues in the context of EMNEs with first-hand empirical evidence. The findings show that EMNEs are leapfrogging with their internationalisation and hence their expatriate policies are often ad hoc without systematic planning. Moreover, this study has contributed to practice, especially to EMNEs, regarding the way they need to improve their expatriate policies and practices.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ipek E, Paulus P. The influence of personality on individuals' expatriation willingness in the context of safe and dangerous environments. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-10-2020-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which a destination's security level affects the relationship between personality traits and individuals' expatriation willingness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply an experimental vignette methodology using a 2 × 1 between subjects-design with two destinations characterized by different security levels (dangerous vs. safe) among 278 participants (students and employees). Partial least squares multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA) was employed to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicate that different personality variables appear to impact individuals' expatriation willingness depending on the security level of a destination: emotionality and conscientiousness predicted expatriation willingness to dangerous environments, whereas openness to experience predicted expatriation willingness to safe environments. The personality traits of honesty–humility, extraversion and agreeableness were not found to influence expatriation willingness in either scenario.Practical implicationsThe study discusses a set of practical recommendations for the selection and the management of eligible individuals who are willing to expatriate to dangerous locations.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to examine the influence of personality on expatriation willingness in safe and dangerous environments at the same time. It advances prior research by providing a more nuanced understanding of the context-specific effects of personality on expatriation willingness.
Collapse
|
13
|
Memon U, Ali AJ, Nisa ZU, Raza A, Nisar N. Teaching in the shadow of terrorism: An attempt of schools' rehabilitation. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ubedullah Memon
- School of Management (SOM) Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
- Business Administration Department Sukkur IBA University Sukkur Pakistan
| | - Anees J. Ali
- School of Management (SOM) Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Zaib U. Nisa
- Centre For Islamic Development Management Studies (ISDEV) Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Ali Raza
- Business Administration Department Sukkur IBA University Sukkur Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Nisar
- Business Administration Department Sukkur IBA University Sukkur Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Faeth PC, Kittler MG. Expatriate management in hostile environments from a multi-stakeholder perspective – a systematic review. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-07-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe successful management of business expatriates and their families in hostile environments (HE) is a current concern for academics and human resources (HR) practitioners alike. Terrorism and other forms of violent crime have become salient topics on the public agenda, and international organizations are increasingly affected. Hence, scholarly interest in the HR implications for organizations sending staff to HEs has recently grown, and a nascent research area has emerged. This paper is the first systematic review synthesizing emerging literature in the field of expatriate management in HEs and its theoretical foundations, applying a multi-stakeholder perspective.Design/methodology/approachFollowing accepted review procedures, systematic searches were conducted across three major databases. Manual search in target journals provided additional scrutiny.FindingsAfter analysing 28 articles, four main stakeholders were identified as follows: environments, expatriates, assigning organizations and the expatriates' social networks. Findings reveal the ways of how all stakeholders can affect expatiation success or be affected so that the success of the assignment is jeopardised.Originality/valueOur paper illustrates how these diverse articles can be linked within a comprehensive multi-stakeholder framework and provides avenues for future research. We also shift attention to neglected theoretical perspectives that might further improve the understanding of expatriates in HEs while offering actionable guidance for managerial and organizational practices.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dimitrova M, Chia SI, Shaffer MA, Tay-Lee C. Forgotten travelers: Adjustment and career implications of international business travel for expatriates. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2019.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Leder J. Living Well in Times of Threat: The Importance of Adjustment Processes to Explain Functional Adaptation to Uncertain Security in Expatriates Deployed in the Sudan. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2019; 39:1105-1124. [PMID: 30419158 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated expatriate humanitarian aid workers' perceptions and responses to uncertain security while deployed in the Sudan. Interviews conducted in Khartoum (n = 7) and Darfur (n = 17) focused on risk perception, concern for personal security, and strategies used to function well in an insecure environment. Despite a high perceived general risk, as well as broad knowledge and experience with security incidents, participants often expressed low concern. General adjustment processes were drawn on to explain this finding, while different constellations of processes resulted in different patterns of adjustment. Functional adjustment, resulting in adequate risk perception, protective behavior, protection, and low concern, was characterized by a constellation of complementary activation of accommodation and assimilation processes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bader B, Schuster T, Dickmann M. Managing people in hostile environments: lessons learned and new grounds in HR research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2018.1548499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bader
- Newcastle University Business School, Leadership, Work, and Organisation , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Tassilo Schuster
- Faculty of Business Administration, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Michael Dickmann
- International Human Resource Management, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University , UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Expatriation, alcohol and drugs: antecedents and consequences of substance use in expatriation. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-08-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Expatriation is known to be stressful. The purpose of this paper is to examine stress as an antecedent of substance use (SU) during expatriation and related effects on expatriates’ work adjustment. Moreover, the study sheds light on individual-level moderators (i.e. gender and prior international experience) and organizational-level moderators (i.e. organizational social support) that might condition the stress–SU link.
Design/methodology/approach
This work adopts a quantitative survey approach. It is based on two studies, one of 205 expatriates and one of 96 expatriate–supervisor dyads. The data were collected through personal networks and with the help of multinational companies.
Findings
This research shows that stress at a medium- to high-level increases SU among male expatriates, but not among female expatriates. Expatriates with substantial prior international experience were identified as being more prone to react to stress by resorting to SU. It also provides evidence that SU to aid coping harms professional adjustment. Moreover, some implications relating to professional adjustment are discussed.
Research limitations/implications
SU was self-reported; this may have deterred users from accurately reporting their consumption levels. Moreover, convenience samples have been used. Preventive actions limiting SU, such as well-being programs, could be sponsored by local human resource managers in order to limit this phenomenon.
Originality/value
This work is one of the first to analyze SU among expatriates. It shows that some expatriates are more at risk than others of resorting to such use to cope with the hardships of expatriation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shah SJ, Zhang L, Khan S, Shah SAA, Durrani DK, Ali L, Das B. Terrorism vulnerability: organizations' ambiguous expectations and employees' conflicting priorities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2018; 26:562-572. [PMID: 29882723 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1486056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates how field employees' perceived threat of terrorism (PTT) is magnified by the incompatibility between role demand (travel and work outdoors) and resources (terrorism-endangered environment). With a foundation in the conservation of resources perspective and transactional theory of stress, a theoretical framework was proposed to test the mediating effect of role ambiguity (RA) and role conflict (RC) in the relationship between PTT and emotional exhaustion (EE). An approach involving confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation was used for analysis. Data from 432 pharmaceutical sales representatives indicate a significant positive relationship between PTT and EE, while RA and RC significantly mediated the relationship. The findings are potentially useful for employers in charge of field employees in high-risk regions by explaining how such groups can be provided with support to reduce their role stress and exhaustion, leading ultimately to increased satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jamal Shah
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Salim Khan
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Syed Asad Ali Shah
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilawar Khan Durrani
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Liaqat Ali
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Bandana Das
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Roles of Motivation and Coping Behaviours in Managing Stress: Qualitative Interview Study of Hong Kong Expatriate Construction Professionals in Mainland China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030561. [PMID: 29558458 PMCID: PMC5877106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Driven by fast-growing economies worldwide, the number of international construction projects is booming, and employing expatriates has inevitably become a strategy used by construction firms. However, stress arising from expatriate assignments can lead to early return, assignment failure, and staff turnover, causing in significant losses to an organisation. Extensive research has focused on the effectiveness of coping behaviours in relation to stress. However, studies investigating the antecedents of coping are rare. The limited studies to date tend to focus on content-based motivations (identifying what), instead of on how coping behaviours can be motivated in the stress management process (identifying how). Focus on expatriate construction professionals (ECPs) is further limited. Hence, this study aims to investigate from a process theory perspective the role of motivation in the stress management process. Using a qualitative interview study approach, involving 22 in-depth interviews, this study first identifies the content of motivation, coping behaviours, performance, and stress in the context of Hong Kong ECPs working on cross-cultural projects in China; it then unveils and explains the associations between the identified variables. Based on the results, stakeholders are recommended to review pre-departure training, so as to ensure that key elements such as personal awareness of stress (cognitive, affective, and physical), expectancies of coping strategies on stress (adaptive or maladaptive), and expectancies of the influence of stress on performance are covered.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dickmann M, Watson AH. “I might be shot at!” exploring the drivers to work in hostile environments using an intelligent careers perspective. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-12-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors which influence individuals to take up international assignments in hostile environments (HEs). Using an intelligent careers (IC) perspective, an expanded framework of expatriation drivers to work in hostile contexts is developed that comprises individual, organizational and location-specific factors. In addition, the understanding of career capital acquisition and transfer is refined.
Design/methodology/approach
A “deviant” case study method to challenge the underlying assumptions of career capital maximization and transfer in global careers is used. To investigate the case, 25 individuals in an international development organization who had to decide whether to work in HEs were interviewed.
Findings
Five insights into decision drivers and career capital effects associated with postings to HEs are presented. These span all three levels of individual, organizational and location-specific decision factors.
Research limitations/implications
Due to the case study approach, the usual limitations of qualitative case-based research with respect to generalizability apply. In the conclusions three theoretical implications for the IC framework with respect to career capital acquisition, utilization and temporal effects are outlined.
Practical implications
A range of practical implications in relation to the selection, talent management, performance and reward approaches as well as repatriation and family considerations in global mobility are explored.
Social implications
The insights help organizations to design global mobility policies for HEs. In addition, individuals and their families benefit from greater clarity of global mobility drivers in the context of high risks.
Originality/value
The drivers of individuals to accept assignments to HEs are under-researched. This paper operationalizes and applies a holistic decision to work abroad framework, expands the literature on of the motivations of individuals and develops valuable insights to nuance the IC framework.
Collapse
|
22
|
Faeth PC, Kittler MG. How do you fear? Examining expatriates’ perception of danger and its consequences. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-11-2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differing perceptions of fear of expatriates operating in terror-exposed Nairobi and the high-crime environment of Johannesburg and its impact on stress and well-being. It illustrates how expatriates cope with the challenges associated with these two regions.
Design/methodology/approach
Following an interpretative and inductive research approach, qualitative content analyses were conducted using evidence from in-depth interviews with 12 expatriates in senior management or officer positions within a large global organisation, with respondents based in South Africa and Kenya.
Findings
Data suggest that expatriates in the more terrorism-exposed context perceive fear less strongly than expatriates in environments categorised by high degrees of conventional crime. Fear seems to relate to physical well-being via restricted freedom of movement, but there is little evidence that fear affects mental well-being. The study finds that respondents in terror-exposed Nairobi tend to engage more in avoidance-oriented coping strategies, whereas their counterparts in the high-crime environment of Johannesburg predominantly rely on problem-focused coping.
Practical implications
The qualitative design allows practitioners to better understand expatriates’ perceptions of fear, its consequences for stress, and well-being and potential coping strategies expatriates employ. It discusses a set of practical recommendations focussing on the deployment of expatriates assigned to dangerous locations.
Originality/value
This study develops a distinction between terror and conventional crime and contributes with practical insights for assignments into dangerous work environments. The geographic lens of the study provides an in-depth look at expatriation challenges in an arguably neglected regional context.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pinto LHF, Bader B, Schuster T. Dangerous settings and risky international assignments. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-10-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Breitenmoser A, Bader B, Berg N. Why does repatriate career success vary? An empirical investigation from both traditional and protean career perspectives. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
25
|
Paulus P, Muehlfeld K. Host country language skills and expatriates’ cross-cultural adjustment in the presence of fear of terror. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-11-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between host country (HC) language skills, fear of terror, and cross-cultural adjustment (CCA) of expatriates based in host countries with different terrorist threat levels.
Design/methodology/approach
Integrating the expatriate adjustment framework by Black et al. (1991) with social identity theory-based literature, this study first, theorizes about the effects of both fear of terror and HC language proficiency on CCA and, second, puts forward the moderating effect of the actual terrorist threat level on the relationship between HC language proficiency and fear of terror. Hypotheses are tested using survey data of 116 expatriates based in host countries with different threat levels.
Findings
HC language proficiency is positively associated with CCA. Yet, it is also positively associated with fear of terror, which is, in turn, negatively related to CCA. Consequently, the beneficial effect of HC language skills on CCA is reduced in environments where expatriates experience significant fear of terror. While the actual threat level has a direct positive effect on fear of terror, it also positively moderates the relationship between HC language proficiency and fear of terror.
Originality/value
This study extends prior literature on expatriation to dangerous environments by zooming in on a specific type of risk factor associated with international assignments, i.e., terrorism, and by integrating HC language proficiency and fear of terror as important factors, which may influence CCA in contexts in which expatriates experience significant fear of terror.
Collapse
|
26
|
Posthuma RA, Ramsey JR, Flores GL, Maertz C, Ahmed RO. A risk management model for research on expatriates in hostile work environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1376222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Posthuma
- College of Business Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jase R. Ramsey
- John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabriela L. Flores
- College of Business Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Carl Maertz
- John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rawia O. Ahmed
- College of Business Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Purpose
Repatriation continues to be a current challenge for many international firms. While this topic has received only limited attention in literature in the past, it has aroused an increased academic interest since the 2000s. Until now, however, thorough analyses of advancements in this field, which go beyond a pure content-related review, are still scarce in research. To address this gap, this study provides a systematic and comprehensive literature review of repatriation from an ecological systems perspective. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to analyze where and when repatriation research has been published, what aspects (e.g. topics, theories, and contexts) have been considered in the repatriation literature, and how the research has been conducted (e.g. employed methodologies). Based on the findings implications for future research are developed.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a systematic literature review of 96 peer-reviewed articles from 1973 to 2016.
Findings
The results of the study reveal that repatriation has found its way into journals of different disciplines. By employing an ecological systems theoretical perspective, the study shows that research on repatriation covers a broad set of ecological systems to explain repatriation outcomes. Quantitative approaches are fairly prominent in repatriation research, whereas the use of qualitative approaches has increased lately. Mixed-methods approaches, however, are still scarce in the repatriation literature. Moreover, the results outline that the majority of scholars collected data on the individual level. With regard to methodological rigor (both design and analysis), a steady use of linear regression modeling in quantitative articles was found, whereas more sophisticated methodological approaches such as structural equation modeling and longitudinal studies have only recently found their way into repatriation research. Finally, by considering that the expatriate literature addresses a variety of types of expatriation, this study highlights that research on repatriation should differentiate more thoroughly between types of repatriates to provide target-group-oriented recommendations and to deepen the understanding of the repatriation phenomenon.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the repatriation research in several ways. First, it provides a systematic analysis of the repatriation literature from an ecological systems theoretical lens. By combining this content-related analysis with an investigation of methodological issues, the study outlines which ecological systems have been covered in the literature on repatriation, where the strengths and weaknesses of this literature stream lay, and in which direction future avenues of research should move. Moreover, the study highlights which methodological shortcomings are still existent in the repatriation literature and shows that a differentiated viewpoint on repatriates like in the expatriation literature is still in an embryonic stage in repatriation research. Finally, it contributes to the repatriation research by deducing valuable recommendations for future research.
Collapse
|
28
|
Suder G, Reade C, Riviere M, Birnik A, Nielsen N. Mind the gap: the role of HRM in creating, capturing and leveraging rare knowledge in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1351462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol Reade
- College of Business, San José State University, San José, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhu CJ, De Cieri H, Fan D, Mike Zhang M. Expatriate management in emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs): reflection and future research agenda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1335997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherrie J. Zhu
- Department of Management, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen De Cieri
- Department of Management, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Di Fan
- School of Management, Curtin Business School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mingqiong Mike Zhang
- Department of Management, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fee A, McGrath-Champ S, Berti M. Protecting expatriates in hostile environments: institutional forces influencing the safety and security practices of internationally active organisations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1322121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fee
- UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | | | - Marco Berti
- UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gannon J, Paraskevas A. In the line of fire: managing expatriates in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1322122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judie Gannon
- International Centre for Coaching & Mentoring Studies, Department of Business & Management, Business School, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandros Paraskevas
- London Geller College of Hospitality & Tourism, University of West London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Andresen M, Goldmann P, Volodina A. Do Overwhelmed Expatriates Intend to Leave? The Effects of Sensory Processing Sensitivity, Stress, and Social Capital on Expatriates' Turnover Intention. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/emre.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Harvey M, Dabic M, Kiessling T, Maley J, Moeller M. Engaging in duty of care: towards a terrorism preparedness plan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1298651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harvey
- Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
- Price College of Business, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Business School, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
- Business School, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Marina Dabic
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tim Kiessling
- Faculty of Business Administration, Global Business Strategy in Management and Marketing, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jane Maley
- School of Management and Marketing, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Miriam Moeller
- School of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dickmann M, Parry E, Keshavjee N. Localization of staff in a hostile context: an exploratory investigation in Afghanistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1291531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Parry
- School of Management, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
van der Laken P, van Engen M, van Veldhoven M, Paauwe J. Expatriate support and success. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-11-2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review empirical research on the relationship between organization-based social support and the success of international assignments (IAs).
Design/methodology/approach
Four search engines were used to obtain empirical studies relating organization-based social support to success criteria. Studies were compared based on type of theoretical foundation, criteria of success, source of social support and study design.
Findings
The reviewed studies draw on three theoretical paradigms – based on stress, social capital and relational exchange. The results demonstrate that expatriates receive social support from multiple organization-based sources and that these sources’ proximity to the expatriate influences the relationship between social support and success. Regarding geographical proximity, sources in the home and host countries fulfil different supportive functions and therefore stimulate different success criteria. Additionally, the success criteria stimulated by organizational support depend on the type of supportive practices offered. The impact of support from organizational members is further influenced by their hierarchical proximity to the expatriate, with supervisory support relating most strongly to success. In addition to proximity, characteristics of the expatriating employee and the assignment (e.g. expatriate motivation and assignment hardship) influence the value of social support. Finally, social support relates most strongly to expatriates’ satisfaction, commitment, and adjustment and these frequently mediate its effect on expatriates’ retention and performance.
Research limitations/implications
Although only organization-based sources were considered, this review demonstrates that a multidimensional perspective is warranted when examining the effects of social support during IAs.
Practical implications
This review provides insights into the ways organizations could and should assist (self-initiated) expatriates when aiming for specific outcomes.
Originality/value
This in-depth examination of social support in the work environment of expatriates combines several theoretical paradigms and investigates multiple criteria of success.
Collapse
|
36
|
Giorgi G, Montani F, Fiz-Perez J, Arcangeli G, Mucci N. Expatriates' Multiple Fears, from Terrorism to Working Conditions: Development of a Model. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1571. [PMID: 27790173 PMCID: PMC5062027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Companies’ internationalization appears to be fundamental in the current globalized and competitive environment and seems important not only for organizational success, but also for societal development and sustainability. On one hand, global business increases the demand for managers for international assignment. On the other hand, emergent fears, such as terrorism, seem to be developing around the world, enhancing the risk of expatriates’ potential health problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between the emergent concept of fear of expatriation with further workplace fears (economic crisis and dangerous working conditions) and with mental health problems. The study uses a quantitative design. Self-reported data were collected from 265 Italian expatriate workers assigned to both Italian and worldwide projects. Structural equation model analyses showed that fear of expatriation mediates the relationship of mental health with fear of economic crisis and with perceived dangerous working conditions. As expected, in addition to fear, worries of expatriation are also related to further fears. Although, the study is based on self-reports and the cross-sectional study design limits the possibility of making causal inferences, the new constructs introduced add to previous research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giorgi
- Department of Psychology, European University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | | | - Javier Fiz-Perez
- Department of Psychology, European University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bader AK, Reade C, Froese FJ. Terrorism and expatriate withdrawal cognitions: the differential role of perceived work and non-work constraints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1233448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katharina Bader
- Chair of HRM and Asian Business, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carol Reade
- School of Global Innovation and Leadership, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San José State University, San José, CA, USA
| | - Fabian Jintae Froese
- Chair of HRM and Asian Business, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fee A, McGrath-Champ S. The role of human resources in protecting expatriates: insights from the international aid and development sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1137617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fee
- UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Susan McGrath-Champ
- The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Levers of enterprise security control: a study on the use, measurement and value contribution. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00187-015-0210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
Bader B, Schuster T, Dickmann M. Special issue of International Journal of Human Resource Management: Danger and risk as challenges for HRM: how to manage people in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1038116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Bader B, Schuster T, Dickmann M. Special issue ofInternational Journal of Human Resource Management: Danger and risk as challenges for HRM: how to manage people in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1019256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
42
|
Bader B, Schuster T. Expatriate Social Networks in Terrorism-Endangered Countries: An Empirical Analysis in Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
43
|
T.B. Rattrie L, G. Kittler M. The job demands-resources model and the international work context – a systematic review. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY-THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-06-2014-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a synthesis and evaluation of literature surrounding the job demands-resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti et al., 2001) in the first decade since its inception, with particular emphasis on establishing an evidence-based universal application towards different national and international work contexts.
Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a systematic review approach following the stages suggested by Tranfield et al. (2003). Based on empirical data from 62 studies, the authors systematically analyse the application of the JD-R model and queries whether it is applicable outside merely domestic work contexts.
Findings
– The authors find convincing support for the JD-R model in different national contexts. However, the authors also found an absence of studies employing the JD-R model in cross-national settings. None of the empirical studies in the sample had explicitly considered the international context of today’s work environment or had clearly associated JD-R research with the IHRM literature.
Research limitations/implications
– Based on the wide acceptance of the JD-R model in domestic work contexts and the increased interest in work-related outcomes such as burnout and engagement in the IHRM literature, the study identifies a gap and suggests future research applying the JD-R model to international work and global mobility contexts.
Originality/value
– This study is the first to systematically assess the application of the JD-R model in domestic and international work contexts based on a systematic review of empirical literature in the first decade since the inception of the model. The study identifies a lack of internationally focussed JD-R studies and invites further empirical research and theoretical extensions.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bader B. The power of support in high-risk countries: compensation and social support as antecedents of expatriate work attitudes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2014.962071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
45
|
Lee HJ, Reade C. Ethnic homophily perceptions as an emergent IHRM challenge: evidence from firms operating in Sri Lanka during the ethnic conflict. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2014.958514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|