1
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Wirshing ACE, Goode BL. Improved tools for live imaging of F-actin structures in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:mr7. [PMID: 39024291 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-05-0212-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
For over 20 years, the most effective probe for live imaging of yeast actin cables has been Abp140-GFP. Here, we report that endogenously-tagged Abp140-GFP poorly decorates actin patches and cables in the bud compartment of yeast cells, while robustly decorating these structures in the mother cell. Using mutagenesis, we found that asymmetric decoration by Abp140 requires F-actin binding. By expressing integrated Bni1-Bnr1 and Bnr1-Bni1 chimeras, we demonstrate that asymmetric cable decoration by Abp140 also does not depend on which formin assembles the cables in each compartment. In contrast, the short actin-binding fragment of Abp140 (known as "Lifeact"), fused to 1x or 3xmNeonGreen and expressed from the endogenous ABP140 promoter, uniformly decorates patches and cables in both compartments. Further, this probe dramatically improves live imaging detection of cables (and patches) without altering their in vivo dynamics or cell growth. Improved detection allows us to visualize cables growing inward from the cell cortex and dynamically interacting with the vacuole. This probe also robustly decorates the cytokinetic actomyosin ring. Because Lifeact-3xmNeon expressed at relatively low levels provides intense labeling of cellular F-actin structures, this tool may improve live imaging in other organisms where higher levels of Lifeact expression are detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C E Wirshing
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
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2
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Banerjee R, Mukherjee A, Adhikary A, Sharma S, Hussain MS, Ali ME, Nagotu S. Insights into the role of the conserved GTPase domain residues T62 and S277 in yeast Dnm1. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127381. [PMID: 37838106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial division is a highly regulated process. The master regulator of this process is the multi-domain, conserved protein called Dnm1 in yeast. In this study, we systematically analyzed two residues, T62 and S277, reported to be putatively phosphorylated in the GTPase domain of the protein. These residues lie in the G2 and G5 motifs of the GTPase domain. Both residues are important for the function of the protein, as evident from in vivo and in vitro analysis of the non-phosphorylatable and phosphomimetic variants. Dnm1T62A/D and Dnm1S277A/D showed differences with respect to the protein localization and puncta dynamics in vivo, albeit both were non-functional as assessed by mitochondrial morphology and GTPase activity. Overall, the secondary structure of the protein variants was unaltered, but local conformational changes were observed. Interestingly, both Dnm1T62A/D and Dnm1S277A/D exhibited dominant-negative behavior when expressed in cells containing endogenous Dnm1. To our knowledge, we report for the first time a single residue (S277) change that does not alter the localization of Dnm1 but makes it non-functional in a dominant-negative manner. Intriguingly, the two residues analyzed in this study are present in the same domain but exhibit variable effects when mutated to alanine or aspartic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Banerjee
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Agradeep Mukherjee
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ankita Adhikary
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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3
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Hao S, Huang H, Ma RY, Zeng X, Duan CY. Multifaceted functions of Drp1 in hypoxia/ischemia-induced mitochondrial quality imbalance: from regulatory mechanism to targeted therapeutic strategy. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:46. [PMID: 37833768 PMCID: PMC10571487 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic injury is a common pathological dysfunction in clinical settings. Mitochondria are sensitive organelles that are readily damaged following ischemia and hypoxia. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) regulates mitochondrial quality and cellular functions via its oligomeric changes and multiple modifications, which plays a role in mediating the induction of multiple organ damage during hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, there is active controversy and gaps in knowledge regarding the modification, protein interaction, and functions of Drp1, which both hinder and promote development of Drp1 as a novel therapeutic target. Here, we summarize recent findings on the oligomeric changes, modification types, and protein interactions of Drp1 in various hypoxic-ischemic diseases, as well as the Drp1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial quality and cell functions following ischemia and hypoxia. Additionally, potential clinical translation prospects for targeting Drp1 are discussed. This review provides new ideas and targets for proactive interventions on multiple organ damage induced by various hypoxic-ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
| | - Rui-Yan Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
| | - Chen-Yang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 China
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4
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Pal A, Paripati A, Deolal P, Chatterjee A, Prasad PR, Adla P, Sepuri NBV. Eisosome protein Pil1 regulates mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy, and cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102533. [PMID: 36162502 PMCID: PMC9619184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics maintain mitochondrial integrity by regulating its size, shape, distribution, and connectivity, thereby modulating various cellular processes. Several studies have established a functional link between mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and cell death, but further investigation is needed to identify specific proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Any alteration in the integrity of mitochondria has severe ramifications that include disorders like cancer and neurodegeneration. In this study, we used budding yeast as a model organism and found that Pil1, the major component of the eisosome complex, also localizes to the periphery of mitochondria. Interestingly, the absence of Pil1 causes the branched tubular morphology of mitochondria to be abnormally fused or aggregated, whereas its overexpression leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. Most importantly, pil1Δ cells are defective in mitophagy and bulk autophagy, resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and protein aggregates. In addition, we show that pil1Δ cells are more prone to cell death. Yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitations show the interaction of Pil1 with two major proteins in mitochondrial fission, Fis1 and Dnm1. Additionally, our data suggest that the role of Pil1 in maintaining mitochondrial shape is dependent on Fis1 and Dnm1, but it functions independently in mitophagy and cell death pathways. Together, our data suggest that Pil1, an eisosome protein, is a novel regulator of mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Arunkumar Paripati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Pallavi Deolal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Arpan Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Pushpa Rani Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Priyanka Adla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046.
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5
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Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169402. [PMID: 36012665 PMCID: PMC9409391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles that provide energy for the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and have very specific structures. For most organisms, this is a reticular or tubular mitochondrial network, while others have singular oval-shaped organelles. Nonetheless, maintenance of this structure is dependent on the mitochondrial dynamics, fission, fusion, and motility. Recently, studies have shown that the cytoskeleton has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In this review, we focus on microtubules and actin filaments and look at what is currently known about the cytoskeleton’s role in mitochondrial dynamics in complex models like mammals and yeast, as well as what is known in the simple model system, Dictyostelium discoideum. Understanding how the cytoskeleton is involved in mitochondrial dynamics increases our understanding of mitochondrial disease, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Increases in fission, loss of fusion, and fragmented mitochondria are seen in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease. There is no known cure for these diseases, but new therapeutic strategies using drugs to alter mitochondrial fusion and fission activity are being considered. The future of these therapeutic studies is dependent on an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics. Understanding the cytoskeleton’s role in dynamics in multiple model organisms will further our understanding of these mechanisms and could potentially uncover new therapeutic targets for these neurodegenerative diseases.
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6
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Morimoto Y, Saitoh S, Takayama Y. Growth conditions inducing G1 cell cycle arrest enhance lipid production in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276362. [PMID: 35833504 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store lipids for energy and membrane synthesis. The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is one of the most promising lipid producers and has attracted attention as a biofuel source. It is known that the expansion of lipid droplets is enhanced under nutrient-poor conditions. Therefore, we prepared a novel nitrogen-depleted medium (N medium) in which to culture L. starkeyi cells. Lipid accumulation was rapidly induced, and this was reversed by the addition of ammonium. In this condition, cell proliferation stopped and cells with giant lipid droplets were arrested in G1 phase. We investigated whether cell cycle arrest at a specific phase is required for lipid accumulation. Lipid accumulation was repressed in hydroxyurea-synchronized S phase cells and was increased in nocodazole-arrested G2/M phase cells. Moreover, the enrichment of G1 phase cells by rapamycin induced massive lipid accumulation. From these results, we conclude that L. starkeyi cells store lipids from G2/M phase and then arrest cell proliferation in the subsequent G1 phase, where lipid accumulation is enhanced. Cell cycle control is an attractive approach for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shigeaki Saitoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Takayama
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan
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7
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De Luca V, Leo M, Cretella E, Montanari A, Saliola M, Ciaffi G, Vecchione A, Stoppacciaro A, Filetici P. Role of yUbp8 in Mitochondria and Hypoxia Entangles the Finding of Human Ortholog Usp22 in the Glioblastoma Pseudo-Palisade Microlayer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101682. [PMID: 35626719 PMCID: PMC9140154 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KAT Gcn5 and DUB Ubp8 are required for respiration and mitochondria functions in budding yeast, and in this study we show that loss of respiratory activity is acquired over time. Interestingly, we show that absence of Ubp8 allows cells to grow in hypoxic conditions with altered mitophagy. Comparatively, the aggressive glioblastoma (GBM) multiforme tumor shows survival mechanisms able to overcome hypoxia in the brain. Starting from yeast and our findings on the role of Ubp8 in hypoxia, we extended our analysis to the human ortholog and signature cancer gene Usp22 in glioblastoma tumor specimens. Here we demonstrate that Usp22 is localized and overexpressed in the pseudo-palisade tissue around the necrotic area of the tumor. In addition, Usp22 colocalizes with the mitophagy marker Parkin, indicating a link with mitochondria function in GBM. Collectively, this evidence suggests that altered expression of Usp22 might provide a way for tumor cells to survive in hypoxic conditions, allowing the escape of cells from the necrotic area toward vascularized tissues. Collectively, our experimental data suggest a model for a possible mechanism of uncontrolled proliferation and invasion in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuela Leo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Cretella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Arianna Montanari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Michele Saliola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Gabriele Ciaffi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonella Stoppacciaro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.F.); Tel.: +39-06-3377-6102 (A.S.)
| | - Patrizia Filetici
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology—CNR, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.F.); Tel.: +39-06-3377-6102 (A.S.)
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8
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Barba-Aliaga M, Alepuz P. Role of eIF5A in Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1284. [PMID: 35163207 PMCID: PMC8835957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds ribosomes to facilitate the translation of peptide motifs with consecutive prolines or combinations of prolines with glycine and charged amino acids. It has also been linked to other molecular functions and cellular processes, such as nuclear mRNA export and mRNA decay, proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. The growing interest in eIF5A relates to its association with the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, viral infection, and diabetes. It has also been proposed as an anti-aging factor: its levels decay in aged cells, whereas increasing levels of active eIF5A result in the rejuvenation of the immune and vascular systems and improved brain cognition. Recent data have linked the role of eIF5A in some pathologies with its function in maintaining healthy mitochondria. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A is upregulated under respiratory metabolism and its deficiency reduces oxygen consumption, ATP production, and the levels of several mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, as well as altering mitochondria dynamics. However, although all the accumulated data strongly link eIF5A to mitochondrial function, the precise molecular role and mechanisms involved are still unknown. In this review, we discuss the findings linking eIF5A and mitochondria, speculate about its role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, and highlight its potential as a target in diseases related to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barba-Aliaga
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
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9
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Miao CC, Hwang W, Chu LY, Yang LH, Ha CT, Chen PY, Kuo MH, Lin SC, Yang YY, Chuang SE, Yu CC, Pan ST, Kao MC, Chang CR, Chou YT. LC3A-mediated autophagy regulates lung cancer cell plasticity. Autophagy 2021; 18:921-934. [PMID: 34470575 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1964224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ATG14: autophagy related 14; CDH2: cadherin 2; ChIP-qPCR: chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction; CQ: chloroquine; ECAR: extracellular acidification rate; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EPCAM: epithelial cell adhesion molecule; MAP1LC3A/LC3A: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP1LC3C/LC3C: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma; NDUFV2: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT-qPCR: reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SC: scrambled control; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; SNAI2: snail family transcriptional repressor 2; SOX2: SRY-box transcription factor 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Co-first Authors
| | - Wen Hwang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Co-first Authors
| | - Ling-Yi Chu
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Li-Hao Yang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Cam-Thu Ha
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Graduate Institute Of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ya-Yu Yang
- National Institute Of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute Of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Cherng Yu
- Department Of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shien-Tung Pan
- Department Of Pathology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Mou-Chieh Kao
- Institute Of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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10
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A Crucial Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Dehydration Resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094607. [PMID: 33925688 PMCID: PMC8124315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles as they continuously undergo fission and fusion. These dynamic processes conduct not only mitochondrial network morphology but also activity regulation and quality control. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a remarkable capacity to resist stress from dehydration/rehydration. Although mitochondria are noted for their role in desiccation tolerance, the mechanisms underlying these processes remains obscure. Here, we report that yeast cells that went through stationary growth phase have a better survival rate after dehydration/rehydration. Dynamic defective yeast cells with reduced mitochondrial genome cannot maintain the mitochondrial activity and survival rate of wild type cells. Our results demonstrate that yeast cells balance mitochondrial fusion and fission according to growth conditions, and the ability to adjust dynamic behavior aids the dehydration resistance by preserving mitochondria.
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11
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Somboon P, Soontorngun N. An actin depolymerizing agent 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q of Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 enhanced antifungal action of azole drugs through ROS-mediated cell death in yeast. Microbiol Res 2020; 243:126646. [PMID: 33227681 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a highly conserved phenomenon among all living organisms and a major veritable public health problem worldwide. Repetitive uses of antibiotics lead to antimicrobial drug resistance. Here, 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q (ECQ) was isolated from endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 and, its chemical structure was determined via chromatographic and spectral methods. ECQ displayed an antifungal activity with low MIC50 of 410 and 55 mg/l in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type and ScΔpdr5 strains, respectively. ECQ was a new inducer and potential substrate of key multi-drug efflux pumps S. cerevisiae ScPdr5 and Candida albicans CaCdr1. ECQ targeted actin filament, disrupting actin dynamics of yeast cells. ECQ also sensitized the ScΔsrv2 mutant, lacking suppressor of RasVal19. Overexpression of ScPDR5 or CaCDR1 genes prevented aggregation of actin and alleviated antifungal effect of ECQ. Additionally, ECQ induced high accumulation of reactive oxygen species, caused plasma membrane leakage and decreased yeast cell survival. Importantly, a discovery of ECQ implied a cellular connection between multi-drug resistance and actin stability, an important determinant of transporter mediated-drug resistance mechanism. Combination of ECQ and antifungal azoles displayed promising drug synergy against S. cerevisiae strains expressing multi-drug transporters, thereby providing potential solution for antifungal therapy and chemotherapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichayada Somboon
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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12
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TGF-β1 signaling protects retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress via modulation of the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 331:109249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Rust MB, Khudayberdiev S, Pelucchi S, Marcello E. CAPt'n of Actin Dynamics: Recent Advances in the Molecular, Developmental and Physiological Functions of Cyclase-Associated Protein (CAP). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586631. [PMID: 33072768 PMCID: PMC7543520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) has been discovered three decades ago in budding yeast as a protein that associates with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-producing adenylyl cyclase and that suppresses a hyperactive RAS2 variant. Since that time, CAP has been identified in all eukaryotic species examined and it became evident that the activity in RAS-cAMP signaling is restricted to a limited number of species. Instead, its actin binding activity is conserved among eukaryotes and actin cytoskeleton regulation emerged as its primary function. However, for many years, the molecular functions as well as the developmental and physiological relevance of CAP remained unknown. In the present article, we will compile important recent progress on its molecular functions that identified CAP as a novel key regulator of actin dynamics, i.e., the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). These studies unraveled a cooperation with ADF/Cofilin and Twinfilin in F-actin disassembly, a nucleotide exchange activity on globular actin monomers (G-actin) that is required for F-actin assembly and an inhibitory function towards the F-actin assembly factor INF2. Moreover, by focusing on selected model organisms, we will review current literature on its developmental and physiological functions, and we will present studies implicating CAP in human pathologies. Together, this review article summarizes and discusses recent achievements in understanding the molecular, developmental and physiological functions of CAP, which led this protein emerge as a novel CAPt'n of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Chen HY, Ho YJ, Chou HC, Liao EC, Tsai YT, Wei YS, Lin LH, Lin MW, Wang YS, Ko ML, Chan HL. The Role of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Retinal Ganglion Cells with Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186482. [PMID: 32899874 PMCID: PMC7554964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia, which is considered with an emphasis on the diabetic retinopathy of progressive neurodegenerative disease. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are believed to be important cells affected in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a neuroprotective protein that helps to withstand various neuronal injuries. To investigate the potential roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β in hyperglycemia-triggered damage of RGCs in vitro, we established RGCs in 5.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM D-glucose supplemented media and focused on the TGF-β-related oxidative stress pathway in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Functional experiments showed that TGF-β1/2 protein expression was upregulated in RGCs with hyperglycemia. The knockdown of TGF-β enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited the cell proliferation rate, and reduced glutathione content in hyperglycemia. Furthermore, the results showed that the TGF-β-mediated enhancement of antioxidant signaling was correlated with the activation of stress response proteins and the antioxidant pathway, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α). Summarizing, our results demonstrated that TGF-β keeps RGCs from hyperglycemia-triggered harm by promoting the activation of the antioxidant pathway, suggesting a potential anti-diabetic therapy for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Jung Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-L.K.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +88-63-5326-151 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5742-476 (H.-L.C.); Fax: +88-63-5324-584 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5715-934 (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-L.K.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +88-63-5326-151 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5742-476 (H.-L.C.); Fax: +88-63-5324-584 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5715-934 (H.-L.C.)
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15
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Jiménez‐Gutiérrez E, Alegría‐Carrasco E, Alonso‐Rodríguez E, Fernández‐Acero T, Molina M, Martín H. Rewiring the yeast cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway through a synthetic positive feedback circuit unveils a novel role for the MAPKKK Ssk2 in CWI pathway activation. FEBS J 2020; 287:4881-4901. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez‐Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Alegría‐Carrasco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Esmeralda Alonso‐Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández‐Acero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - María Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Humberto Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
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Zhou D, Jiang Y. Sirtuin 3 attenuates neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis in BV-2 microglia. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9075-9089. [PMID: 31631063 PMCID: PMC6834423 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the upstream regulatory mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in microglial BV-2 cells. Our results demonstrate that Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) expression was downregulated in response to LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, overexpression of Sirt3 attenuated LPS-induced BV-2 cell death. Functional studies illustrated that Sirt3 overexpression promoted normal mitochondrial function and inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. At the molecular level, suppressor of ras val-2 (SRV2) promoted LPS-mediated mitochondrial damage by inducing mitochondrial fission. Sirt3 overexpression, which suppressed the transcription of SRV2 and thus suppressed mitochondrial fission, played an anti-apoptotic role in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, Sirt3 inhibited SRV2 expression via the Mst1-JNK pathway, and re-activation of this pathway abolished the protective effects of Sirt3 on mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that Sirt3-induced, Mst1-JNK-SRV2 signaling pathway-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial fission protected against neuroinflammation-mediated cell damage in BV-2 microglia. Sirt3 might therefore be an effective treatment for neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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