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Huang KI, Su FY, Ho HY, Ho HC, Chen YW, Lee CK, Lai F, Lu HHS, Ko ML. Axial length, more than aging, decreases the thickness and superficial vessel density of retinal nerve fiber layer in non-glaucomatous eyes. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:130. [PMID: 38478099 PMCID: PMC10937793 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study seeks to build a normative database for the vessel density of the superficial retina (SVD) and evaluate how changes and trends in the retinal microvasculature may be influenced by age and axial length (AL) in non-glaucomatous eyes, as measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS We included 500 eyes of 290 healthy subjects visiting a county hospital. Each participant underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations and OCTA to measure the SVD and thickness of the macular and peripapillary areas. To analyze correlations between SVD and age or AL, multivariable linear regression models with generalized estimating equations were applied. RESULTS Age was negatively correlated with the SVD of the superior, central, and inferior macular areas and the superior peripapillary area, with a decrease rate of 1.06%, 1.36%, 0.84%, and 0.66% per decade, respectively. However, inferior peripapillary SVD showed no significant correlation with age. AL was negatively correlated with the SVD of the inferior macular area and the superior and inferior peripapillary areas, with coefficients of -0.522%/mm, -0.733%/mm, and -0.664%/mm, respectively. AL was also negatively correlated with the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and inferior ganglion cell complex (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Age and AL were the two main factors affecting changes in SVD. Furthermore, AL, a relative term to represent the degree of myopia, had a greater effect than age and showed a more significant effect on thickness than on SVD. This relationship has important implications because myopia is a significant issue in modern cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ying Su
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- Biotechnology R&D Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yen Ho
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chen Ho
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wu Chen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Feipei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
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2
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Chen HY, Ko ML, Chan HL. Effects of hyperglycemia on the TGF-β pathway in trabecular meshwork cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130538. [PMID: 38072209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia, which can lead to apoptosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and induces hyperinflammation in diabetic vascular complications due to oxidative stress. In order to elucidate the potential dual roles and regulatory signal transduction of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs), we established an oxidative cell model in HTMCs using 5.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM d-glucose-supplemented media and characterized the TGF-β-related oxidative stress pathway. METHODS Further analysis was conducted to investigate oxidative damage and protein alterations in the HTMC caused by the signal transduction. This was done through a series of qualitative cell function studies, such as cell viability/apoptosis analysis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, analysis of calcium release concentration, immunoblot analysis to detect the related protein expression alteration, and analysis of cell fibrosis to study the effect of different severities of hyperglycemia. Also, we illustrated the role of TGF-β1/2 in oxidative stress-induced injury by shRNA-mediated knockdown or stimulation with recombinant human TGF-β1 protein (rhTGF-β1). RESULTS Results from the protein expression analysis showed that p-JNK, p-p38, p-AKT, and related SMAD family members were upregulated in HTMCs under hyperglycemia. In the cell functional assays, HTMCs treated with rhTGFβ-1 (1 ng/mL) under hyperglycemic conditions showed higher proliferation rates and lower ROS and calcium levels. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, mechanistic analyses in HTMCs showed that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress activated TGF-β1 along with its associated pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE While at low concentrations, TGF-β1 protects cells from antioxidation, whereas at high concentrations, it accumulates in the extracellular matrix, causing further HTMC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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3
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Wang WX, Ko ML. Efficacy of Omega-3 Intake in Managing Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7026. [PMID: 38002640 PMCID: PMC10672334 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) on patients suffering from dry eye disease (DED), a complex inflammatory condition, we reviewed data from PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL in the past 10 years (2013 to 2023). These sources provided randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that examined the efficacy of omega-3 FAs on DED patients with accessible pre- and post-intervention data, excluding trials with overlapping participants, without omega-3 supplementation, or those lacking placebo control or quantitative assessments. Two independent reviewers extracted data related to dry eye symptom scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's tests, osmolarity, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and the results were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 4. We incorporated 19 related RCTs assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, encompassing 4246 DED patients with various etiologies. Patients given omega-3 treatment demonstrated more significant improvements in dry eye symptoms (Hedges' g = -1.047; p < 0.001), TBUT [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.939; p < 0.001], scores from the Schirmer test (SMD = -0.372; p < 0.001), CFS (SMD = -0.299; p = 0.037), and osmolarity (SMD = -0.721; p < 0.001) compared to those on a placebo regimen. In the meta-regression analysis of DED symptoms, the daily dose of omega-3 (coefficient = -0.0005, p = 0.002), duration of omega-3 intake (coefficient = -0.1399, p = 0.021), and percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (coefficient = -0.0154, p < 0.001) exhibited a significant positive correlation with a reduction in dry eye symptom scores. Apart from CFS, similar trends were noted in TBUT, Schirmer tests, and osmolarity scores. Based on the evidence, omega-3 FAs effectively reduce DED symptoms, especially in high doses, for a long duration, and with increased EPA levels. However, given the heterogeneity in study results and diverse patient characteristics, caution is needed in generalizing these findings. In conclusion, omega-3 FA supplementation is still recommended for DED management in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiang Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu City 300, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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4
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Lim WS, Ho HY, Ho HC, Chen YW, Lee CK, Chen PJ, Lai F, Jang JSR, Ko ML. Use of multimodal dataset in AI for detecting glaucoma based on fundus photographs assessed with OCT: focus group study on high prevalence of myopia. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22:206. [PMID: 36434508 PMCID: PMC9700928 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-022-00933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness; it is estimated that over 110 million people will be affected by glaucoma worldwide by 2040. Research on glaucoma detection using deep learning technology has been increasing, but the diagnosis of glaucoma in a large population with high incidence of myopia remains a challenge. This study aimed to provide a decision support system for the automatic detection of glaucoma using fundus images, which can be applied for general screening, especially in areas of high incidence of myopia. METHODS A total of 1,155 fundus images were acquired from 667 individuals with a mean axial length of 25.60 ± 2.0 mm at the National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Br. These images were graded based on the findings of complete ophthalmology examinations, visual field test, and optical coherence tomography into three groups: normal (N, n = 596), pre-perimetric glaucoma (PPG, n = 66), and glaucoma (G, n = 493), and divided into a training-validation (N: 476, PPG: 55, G: 373) and test (N: 120, PPG: 11, G: 120) sets. A multimodal model with the Xception model as image feature extraction and machine learning algorithms [random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), dense neural network (DNN), and others] was applied. RESULTS The Xception model classified the N, PPG, and G groups with 93.9% of the micro-average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with tenfold cross-validation. Although normal and glaucoma sensitivity can reach 93.51% and 86.13% respectively, the PPG sensitivity was only 30.27%. The AUROC increased to 96.4% in the N + PPG and G groups. The multimodal model with the N + PPG and G groups showed that the AUROCs of RF, SVM, and DNN were 99.56%, 99.59%, and 99.10%, respectively; The N and PPG + G groups had less than 1% difference. The test set showed an overall 3%-5% less AUROC than the validation results. CONCLUSION The multimodal model had good AUROC while detecting glaucoma in a population with high incidence of myopia. The model shows the potential for general automatic screening and telemedicine, especially in Asia. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch (no. NTUHHCB 108-025-E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Shin Lim
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Yen Ho
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Chen Ho
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Wu Chen
- grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Department of Applied Mathematics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Kuo Lee
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pao-Ju Chen
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, No. 25, Lane 442, Sec.1, Jingguo Rd., Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feipei Lai
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Shing Roger Jang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, No. 25, Lane 442, Sec.1, Jingguo Rd., Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan, ROC ,grid.38348.340000 0004 0532 0580Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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5
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Tsai YT, Ruan JW, Chang CS, Ko ML, Chou HC, Lin CC, Lin CM, Huang CT, Wei YS, Liao EC, Chen HY, Lin LH, Lin MW, Kao CY, Chan HL. Proteomic and microbial assessments on the effect of Antrodia cinnamomea in C57BL/6 mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 713:109058. [PMID: 34627749 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a nutraceutical fungus and studies have suggested that AC has the potential to prevent or alleviate diseases. However, little is known about the AC-induced phenotypes on the intestine-liver axis and gut microbial alterations. Here, we performed two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and MALDI-Biotyper to elaborate the AC-induced phenotypes on the intestine-liver axis and gut microbial distribution of C57BL/6 mice. The experimental outcomes showed that the hepatic density may increase by elevating hepatic redox regulation, lipid degradation and glycolysis-related proteins and alleviating cholesterol biosynthesis and transport-related proteins in C57BL/6 mice with AC treatment. Moreover, AC facilitates intestinal glycolysis, TCA cycle, redox and cytoskeleton regulation-related proteins, but also reduces intestinal vesicle transport-related proteins in C57BL/6 mice. However, the body weight, GTT, daily food/water intake, and fecal/urine weight were unaffected by AC supplementation in C57BL/6 mice. Notably, the C57BL/6-AC mice had a higher gut microbial abundance of Alistipes shahii (AS) than C57BL/6-Ctrl mice. In summary, the AC treatment affects intestinal permeability by regulating redox and cytoskeleton-related proteins and elevates the gut microbial abundance of AS in C57BL/6 mice that might be associated with increasing hepatic density and metabolism-related proteins of the liver in C57BL/6 mice. Our study provides an insight into the mechanisms of AC-induced phenotypes and a comprehensive assessment of AC's nutraceutical effect in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Jhen-Wei Ruan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Cherng-Shyang Chang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, 30059, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Mei Lin
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ting Huang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yuan Kao
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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6
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Ko CK, Huang KI, Su FY, Ko ML. Vessel Density in the Macular and Peripapillary Areas in Preperimetric Glaucoma to Various Stages of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Taiwan. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235490. [PMID: 34884191 PMCID: PMC8658219 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripapillary and macular vessel density (VD) are reduced in myopic non-glaucomatous eyes, the dynamic range of VD may be decreased by myopia, and whether VD measurement has the potential in differentiating stages of glaucoma severity in patients with myopic glaucoma remains questionable. This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the changes in peripapillary and macular VDs in preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) and primary open-angle glaucoma in the early, moderate, and late stages. A total of 1228 eyes from 661 participants (540 normal, 67 PPG, and 521 glaucomatous) were included. Participants underwent free blood tests at the internal medicine clinic to retrieve systemic data. Patients with glaucoma were grouped by disease severity, defined by glaucomatous visual field mean defect, including early-(224 eyes), moderate-(103 eyes), and late-stage glaucoma (194 eyes), and further divided into advanced (158 eyes) and terminal glaucoma (36 eyes). Macular VD, peripapillary VD, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness were evaluated and divided into superior and inferior parts. One-way analysis of variance was performed, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. The peripapillary VD was significantly different between the healthy and PPG groups and the early-, moderate-, and late-stage glaucoma subgroups (all p < 0.001). Peripapillary VD measurements are helpful in differentiating the various stages of glaucoma even in patients with myopic glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kuang Ko
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-I Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Ying Su
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-965-580-725
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Chen TC, Lim WS, Wang VY, Ko ML, Chiu SI, Huang YS, Lai F, Yang CM, Hu FR, Jang JSR, Yang CH. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Early Detection of Retinitis Pigmentosa - the Most Common Inherited Retinal Degeneration. J Digit Imaging 2021; 34:948-958. [PMID: 34244880 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-021-00479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) based on color fundus photographs using a deep learning model. A total of 1670 color fundus photographs from the Taiwan inherited retinal degeneration project and National Taiwan University Hospital were acquired and preprocessed. The fundus photographs were labeled RP or normal and divided into training and validation datasets (n = 1284) and a test dataset (n = 386). Three transfer learning models based on pre-trained Inception V3, Inception Resnet V2, and Xception deep learning architectures, respectively, were developed to classify the presence of RP on fundus images. The model sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were compared. The results from the best transfer learning model were compared with the reading results of two general ophthalmologists, one retinal specialist, and one specialist in retina and inherited retinal degenerations. A total of 935 RP and 324 normal images were used to train the models. The test dataset consisted of 193 RP and 193 normal images. Among the three transfer learning models evaluated, the Xception model had the best performance, achieving an AUROC of 96.74%. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping indicated that the contrast between the periphery and the macula on fundus photographs was an important feature in detecting RP. False-positive results were mostly obtained in cases of high myopia with highly tessellated retina, and false-negative results were mostly obtained in cases of unclear media, such as cataract, that led to a decrease in the contrast between the peripheral retina and the macula. Our model demonstrated the highest accuracy of 96.00%, which was comparable with the average results of 81.50%, of the other four ophthalmologists. Moreover, the accuracy was obtained at the same level of sensitivity (95.71%), as compared to an inherited retinal disease specialist. RP is an important disease, but its early and precise diagnosis is challenging. We developed and evaluated a transfer-learning-based model to detect RP from color fundus photographs. The results of this study validate the utility of deep learning in automating the identification of RP from fundus photographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Ching Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wee Shin Lim
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victoria Y Wang
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Chiu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feipei Lai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Shing Roger Jang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Wang YR, Chuang HC, Tripathi A, Wang YL, Ko ML, Chuang CC, Chen JC. High-Sensitivity and Trace-Amount Specimen Electrochemical Sensors for Exploring the Levels of β-Amyloid in Human Blood and Tears. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8099-8106. [PMID: 34047190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased, the detection and treatment of AD have become global social issues. Effective early detection and wide-range screening of AD allow patients to gain early control and delay brain degeneration. For these reasons, we choose electrochemical sensors to complete the detection task. Although bio-electrochemical technology for antibody and antigen sensing is not a new technology, considering the scarcity of tear samples for dementia and since the existing AD detection techniques are highly invasive and expensive for subjects, we have to use the traditional detection techniques for the early screening of Alzheimer's disease via trace-amount specimens. An AD-related protein in the eye is thought to be an important biomarker for early detection. To carry out detection using tear samples as a test specimens, a tear collection device was developed in this study that extracted 10 μL of tear fluid from a tear Schirmer strip. In this research, we distinguished healthy people in different age groups and detect Aβ in both tear and blood samples. We developed a biosensor, which could detect Aβ in tear specimen from 1 to 100 pg/mL. Also, this biosensor is inexpensive, disposable, and easy to use. In our result, the concentration of Aβ in tears was approximately 10 times more than that in blood. This study demonstrates the feasibility and prospects of future screening for AD-associated biomarkers by a dynamic comparison between blood and tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Adarsh Tripathi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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9
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Yan YJ, Tsai YC, Ko ML, Lee NC, Chiou JC, Ou-Yang M. Quantitative examination of early diabetes by light-emitting diodes light-induced pupillary light reflex. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:014101. [PMID: 33514206 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the abnormal pupillary light reflex in patients with early diabetes mellitus (DM) without retinopathy by using a custom-made noninvasive portable pupilometer. The pupilometer recorded and analyzed the pupillary light reflex. Two light intensities, 0.2 cd and 1.2 cd, and four wavelengths of stimulus light-white (400 nm-800 nm), red (640 ± 5 nm), green (534 ± 5 nm), and blue (470 ± 5 nm)-were used to stimulate the pupil for 10 ms. The pupillary response was recorded for 15 s. A total of 40 healthy people and 40 people with DM without retinopathy participated in the experiment at the National Taiwan University Hospital. The mean and standard deviation of DM duration were 4.5 years and 3.9 years. Of the 16 indices, the duration that pupil restores from its minimum size to half of its resting size (DRP), maximum pupil restoration velocity (MRV), and average restoration velocity (ARV) exhibited the most significant differences between the healthy people and those with DM. Compared with healthy participants, DRP was 16.33% higher, and MRV and ARV were 17.45% and 4.58% lower, respectively, in those with DM. This might be attributable to the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controlling the dilator muscle during the dark-adapted period and relaxing the pupil; the SNS had few degenerated nerve endings in people with DM. The three aforementioned indices might be used to evaluate the severity of autonomic neuropathy in early DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Yan
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Y C Tsai
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - M L Ko
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - N C Lee
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - J C Chiou
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - M Ou-Yang
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
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10
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Kuo CH, Lin MW, Hsu YW, Chou HC, Lin LH, Law CH, Lin YC, Hu RY, Kuo WH, Ko ML, Chang SJ, Lee YR, Chan HL. Biomarker discovery in highly invasive lung cancer cell through proteomics approaches. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:367-379. [PMID: 33135206 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When NSCLC is detected, patients are typically already in a metastatic stage. Metastasized cancer is a major obstacle of effective treatment and understanding the mechanisms underlying metastasis is critical to treat cancer. Herein, we selected an invasive subpopulation from the human lung cancer cell line A549 using the transwell system and named it as A549-I5. Invasive and migratory activities of this cell line were analysed using wound healing, invasion, and migration assays. In addition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as Snail 1, Twist, Vimentin, N-cadherin and E-cadherin, were assessed through immunoblotting. In comparison to A549 cells, the invasive A549-I5 lung cancer cells had enhanced invasiveness, motility and EMT marker expression. Proteomic analysis identified 83 significantly differentially expressed proteins in A549-I5 cells. These identified proteins were classified according to their cellular functions and most were involved in cytoskeleton, redox regulation, protein degradation and protein folding. In summary, our results provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NSCLC metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: When NSCLC is detected, most patients are already in a metastatic stage. Herein, we selected an invasive subpopulation from a human lung cancer cell line which had increased EMT markers as well as high wound healing, invasion and migration abilities. Proteomic analysis identified numerous proteins associated with functions in cytoskeleton, redox regulation, protein degradation and protein folding that were differentially expressed in these cells. These results may provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ho Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetology and Health Care, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Law
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yu Hu
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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11
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Chen HY, Ho YJ, Chou HC, Liao EC, Tsai YT, Wei YS, Lin LH, Lin MW, Wang YS, Ko ML, Chan HL. The Role of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Retinal Ganglion Cells with Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186482. [PMID: 32899874 PMCID: PMC7554964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia, which is considered with an emphasis on the diabetic retinopathy of progressive neurodegenerative disease. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are believed to be important cells affected in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a neuroprotective protein that helps to withstand various neuronal injuries. To investigate the potential roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β in hyperglycemia-triggered damage of RGCs in vitro, we established RGCs in 5.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM D-glucose supplemented media and focused on the TGF-β-related oxidative stress pathway in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Functional experiments showed that TGF-β1/2 protein expression was upregulated in RGCs with hyperglycemia. The knockdown of TGF-β enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited the cell proliferation rate, and reduced glutathione content in hyperglycemia. Furthermore, the results showed that the TGF-β-mediated enhancement of antioxidant signaling was correlated with the activation of stress response proteins and the antioxidant pathway, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α). Summarizing, our results demonstrated that TGF-β keeps RGCs from hyperglycemia-triggered harm by promoting the activation of the antioxidant pathway, suggesting a potential anti-diabetic therapy for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Jung Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yi-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-L.K.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +88-63-5326-151 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5742-476 (H.-L.C.); Fax: +88-63-5324-584 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5715-934 (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (E.-C.L.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-S.W.); (L.-H.L.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-L.K.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +88-63-5326-151 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5742-476 (H.-L.C.); Fax: +88-63-5324-584 (M.-L.K.); +88-63-5715-934 (H.-L.C.)
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12
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Huang HY, Chou HC, Law CH, Chang WT, Wen TN, Liao EC, Lin MW, Lin LH, Wei YS, Tsai YT, Chen HY, Tan KT, Kuo WH, Ko ML, Chang SJ, Lee YR, Chan HL. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is involved in oral cancer cell metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9737-9751. [PMID: 32672400 PMCID: PMC7520311 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a common cause of failure in cancer therapy. However, over 60% of oral cancer patients present with advanced stage disease, and the five‐year survival rates of these patients decrease from 72.6% to 20% as the stage becomes more advanced. In order to manage oral cancer, identification of metastasis biomarker and mechanism is critical. In this study, we use a pair of oral squamous cell carcinoma lines, OC3, and invasive OC3‐I5 as a model system to examine invasive mechanism and to identify potential therapeutic targets. We used two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS) to examine the global protein expression changes between OC3 and invasive OC3‐I5. A proteomic study reveals that invasive properties alter the expression of 101 proteins in OC3‐I5 cells comparing to OC3 cells. Further studies have used RNA interference technique to monitor the influence of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) protein in invasion and evaluate their potency in regulating invasion and the mechanism it involved. The results demonstrated that expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including Twist, p‐Src, Snail1, SIP1, JAM‐A, vimentin and vinculin was increased in OC3‐I5 compared to OC3 cells, whereas E‐cadherin expression was decreased in the OC3‐I5 cells. Moreover, in mouse model, PGRMC1 is shown to affect not only migration and invasion but also metastasis in vivo. Taken together, the proteomic approach allows us to identify numerous proteins, including PGRMC1, involved in invasion mechanism. Our results provide useful diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of oral cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Yu Huang
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Law
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ning Wen
- Dental Department of Dimanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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13
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Tung CL, Lin MW, Hu RY, Chien YC, Liao EC, Lin LH, Chung TW, Wei YS, Tsai YT, Chen HY, Chou HC, Kuo WH, Ko ML, Chang SJ, Lee YR, Chan HL. Proteomic Analysis of Metastasis-Specific Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: Galectin-1 Plays an Important Metastatic Role in Pancreatic Cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113300. [PMID: 32413824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of death in pancreatic cancer. We have established a pair of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line, PANC1 and invasive PANC1-I5, as a model system toinvestigate the metastatic mechanism as well as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. We used proteomic analysis based on two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to examine the global protein expression alterations between PANC1 and PANC1-I5. Proteomic study revealed that 88 proteins are differentially expressed between PANC1-I5 and PANC1 cells, and further functional evaluations through protein expression validation, gene knockout, migration and invasion analysis revealed that galectin-1 is one of the potential players in modulating pancreatic cancer metastasis. To conclude, we have identified numerous proteins might be associated with pancreatic cancer invasiveness in the pancreatic cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yu Hu
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chien
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chung
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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14
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Wei YS, Hsiao YC, Su GW, Chang YR, Lin HP, Wang YS, Tsai YT, Liao EC, Chen HY, Chou HC, Ko ML, Kuo WH, Chang SJ, Cheng WC, Chan HL. Identification of hyperglycemia-associated microbiota alterations in saliva and gingival sulcus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 682:108278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Ko M. Challenges in glaucoma treatments. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2018; 8:59. [PMID: 30038882 PMCID: PMC6055311 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_52_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Chen HY, Chou HC, Chang SJ, Liao EC, Tsai YT, Wei YS, Li JM, Lin LH, Lin MW, Chen YJ, Chen YS, Lin CC, Wang YS, Ko ML, Chan HL. Proteomic Analysis of Various Rat Ocular Tissues after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Possible Relevance to Acute Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020334. [PMID: 28165428 PMCID: PMC5343869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and optical nerve damage. To investigate the protein expression alterations in various intraocular tissues (i.e., the cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, retina, and sclera) during ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, this study performed a proteomic analysis to qualitatively investigate such alterations resulting from acute glaucoma. The IR injury model combined with the proteomic analysis approach of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to monitor the protein expression alterations in two groups of specimens (an IR injury group and a control group). The analysis results revealed 221 unique differentially expressed proteins of a total of 1481 proteins in the cornea between the two groups. In addition, 97 of 1206 conjunctival proteins, 90 of 1354 uveal proteins, 61 of 1180 scleral proteins, and 37 of 1204 retinal proteins were differentially expressed. These findings imply that different ocular tissues have different tolerances against IR injury. To sum up, this study utilized the acute glaucoma model combined with 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF MS to investigate the IR injury affected protein expression on various ocular tissues, and based on the ratio of protein expression alterations, the alterations in the ocular tissues were in the following order: the cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, sclera, and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Gynecologic Oncology Section Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Min Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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17
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Ko ML, Chen YY, Ouyang Y, Huang TW, Tsuen BS, Jeng WD, Chiou JC, Ou-Yang M. Design and analysis of wearable pupillometer for autonomic neuropathy of diabetic patients. Appl Opt 2014; 53:H27-H34. [PMID: 25322428 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.000h27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a familiar disease in modern society. In the early stage of diabetes, symptoms are unobvious, but they usually induce diabetic autonomic neuropathy or, worse, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Pupillometers are effective instruments for observing human pupils. This article presents a novel wearable pupillometer design, without external light artifacts, and an embedded algorithm with blinking elimination, which investigates autonomic neuropathy through recording pupil dynamics triggered by an external sensitive invisible light source. The pupillometer is experimented on 36 healthy subjects and 10 diabetic patients under four different colors (white, red, green, and blue) as well as two different light intensities: 50 and 500 mcd. Ten parameters derived from pupil diameter, pupil response time, and pupil response speed will be evaluated for the healthy subjects and diabetic patients. The results show that three in four parameters related to pupil diameters, one in four related to light intensities, and one in two related to pupil response speed could have significant differences (p<0.05) between healthy subjects and diabetic patients. These parameters obtain over 85% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 88% accuracy. The pupillometer is proven reliable, effective, portable, and inexpensive for diagnosing diabetes in an early stage.
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18
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Ko ML, Chen CF, Peng PH, Peng YH. Simvastatin upregulates Bcl-2 expression and protects retinal neurons from early ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat retina. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:580-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Peng PH, Chao HM, Juan SH, Chen CF, Liu JH, Ko ML. Pharmacological preconditioning by low dose cobalt protoporphyrin induces heme oxygenase-1 overexpression and alleviates retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:238-46. [PMID: 21275512 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.539760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal ischemia-induced neuronal death plays a crucial role in certain severe visual impairment diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of low dose cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP), an inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), on the retina of rats against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Retinal IR was achieved in rats by raising intraocular pressure for 60 min. CoPP (1 mg/ kg) was injected intraperitoneally 24 hr before IR. Retinal injury was assessed by the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) seven days after reperfusion. TUNEL assay was used to detect the appearance of apoptotic cells 24 hr after reperfusion. The expressions of the HO-1 and Bax proteins were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS Both HO-1 expression, examined by Western blot, and enzyme activity were increased strongly after CoPP administration. Rats treated with CoPP before IR had more RGCs (p = 0.034) and less apoptotic cells (p = 0.04) together with downregulated Bax protein levels (p = 0.03) compared to ischemic rats without CoPP. The protective effects of CoPP were HO-1 dependent because the upregulation of HO-1 and the RGC protection were both abolished by the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that induction of HO-1 expression by low dose CoPP ameliorated retinal damage from IR injury. The favorable effect appears to be related with modulations of the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Huei Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ko ML, Peng PH, Hsu SY, Chen CF. Dietary Deficiency of Vitamin E Aggravates Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Experimental Glaucoma of Rats. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:842-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.489728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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MacDonald K, Lee CS, Chen HC, Ko ML, Fidel GE, Brié H, Hermans C, Vancayzeele S, Reel S, Van der Niepen P, Abraham I. Gender-specific, multi-level determinants of outcomes of antihypertensive treatment: a sub-analysis of the Belgian PREVIEW study. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 25:372-82. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peng PH, Chiou LF, Chao HM, Lin S, Chen CF, Liu JH, Ko ML. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on rat retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve axotomy. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:528-34. [PMID: 20114044 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in axotomized eyes and the pathways related to its action. Wistar rats received intracranial optic nerve (ON) axotomy 2 mm behind the globe in left eyes, whereas right eyes received sham operations. EGCG was administrated via intraperitoneal injection 30 min before and 4 days after axotomy. The density of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) was examined by a retrograde labeling technique. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), Bax, Bcl-2, ERK and Akt. Optic nerve axotomy caused 54% RGC loss 7 days following surgery, and EGCG treatment reduced RGC loss by 12% (P = 0.017). The expression of the nNOS and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins were increased 5 days after axotomy, while EGCG treatment significantly blunted the up-regulation of the above two proteins (P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Axotomy-induced p-ERK 1/2 and p-Akt proteins expression 5 days and 3 days following injury, respectively. Treatment with EGCG further enhanced p-ERK 1/2 and p-Akt expressions after axotomy. Inhibition of ERK and Akt pathways attenuated the protection of EGCG on RGC against axotomy damage. Thus, we demonstrated that administration of EGCG prior to axotomy promotes RGC survival. The neuroprotective capacity of EGCG appears to act through mediating nitric oxide, anti-apoptotic, and cell survival signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Huei Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Peng PH, Ko ML, Chen CF. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and activity. Exp Eye Res 2008; 86:637-46. [PMID: 18289530 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury causes profound tissue damage, especially retinal ganglion cell death. The aims of the study were twofold: (1) to investigate the benefits of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin found in tea, after IR challenge, and (2) to elucidate the mechanism of EGCG inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression. Wistar female rats were divided into four groups: normal control, EGCG with sham operation, retinal IR, and EGCG with IR groups. EGCG (50mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection 30 min before the experiment. IR injury to a rat's retina was induced by raising intraocular pressure to 150 mmHg for 60 min. With EGCG pretreatment, retinal ganglion cell death from IR was reduced by approximately 10% 3 days afterward. EGCG significantly downregulated IR-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. EGCG treatment also reduced TUNEL-positive cells after IR in the inner retina as well as IR-induced lipid peroxidation. Histological analyses showed fewer neuronal NOS and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase-positive cells in the retina after IR with EGCG administration. Therefore, EGCG is effective in protecting retinal ganglion cells from IR challenge by ameliorating retinal nitrosactive stress and by regulating cell death through apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Huei Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ko ML, Peng PH, Ma MC, Ritch R, Chen CF. Dynamic changes in reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels in retinas in experimental glaucoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:365-73. [PMID: 15993335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the balance of free radicals in retinas at various time points after chronically elevating intraocular pressures in rats. The left eyes of female Wistar rats were divided into five intraocular pressure elevation (IOPE) subgroups after cauterization of three episcleral veins (1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks) and time-related sham controls. Chemiluminescence levels were examined in isolated retinas. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) incubation method was also performed to confirm the superoxide expression. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides in isolated retinas were detected by spectrophotometry. In the IOPE group, the intraocular pressure after cauterization was around 22-30 mm Hg; chemiluminescence levels of isolated retinas were significantly elevated on day 3 and week 1; there were more NBT-positive retinal ganglion cells on day 1 and day 3; lipid peroxidation also increased significantly from day 1 and came back to the baseline on week 5; the activities of superoxide dismutases and catalase rose on week 1. Intraocular pressure elevation was shown to change the free radical balance. We suggest that free radicals and their oxidative stresses may play a role in the early stage of glaucoma in causing retinal ganglion cell death in our rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hsin-Chu Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
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Ko ML, Hu DN, Ritch R, Sharma SC, Chen CF. Patterns of retinal ganglion cell survival after brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration in hypertensive eyes of rats. Neurosci Lett 2001; 305:139-42. [PMID: 11376903 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation at various time intervals. In adult Wistar rats, RGCs were labeled with 5% Fluorogold. Animals with 1.8-2.5-fold increase in IOP after cauterization of three episcleral vessels, were divided into three BDNF groups and three vehicle control groups, each receiving one, two or three injections. The RGC survival percentage on RGCs of the first, second and third injections were 93.9% (n = 7), 91.3% (n = 7), 82.7% (n = 5), respectively in BDNF groups; 91.6% (n = 6), 84.1% (n = 6) and 73.5% (n = 5), respectively in vehicle controls. The second and third injections of BDNF showed statistically significant survival effects. These findings demonstrated that BDNF has partial neuroprotection on RGCs in whole retina and enhances RGC survival in moderately chronic hypertensive eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ko
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, 10018, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ko GY, Ko ML, Dryer SE. Circadian regulation of cGMP-gated cationic channels of chick retinal cones. Erk MAP Kinase and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Neuron 2001; 29:255-66. [PMID: 11182096 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
cGMP-gated channels are essential for phototransduction in the vertebrate retina. Here we show that the affinity of these channels for cGMP in chick cones is substantially higher during the subjective night than during the subjective day. This effect persists in constant environmental conditions after entrainment to 12:12 hr light-dark cycles in vitro or in ovo. Circadian modulation of ligand affinity is a posttranslational effect and is driven by rhythms in the activities of two protein kinases: Erk and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Erk is maximally active during the subjective night, whereas CaMKII is maximally active during the subjective day. Acute inhibition of these signaling pathways causes phase-dependent changes in the affinity of the channels for cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Ko
- Biological Clocks Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Ko GY, Ko ML, Dryer SE. Developmental expression of retinal cone cGMP-gated channels: evidence for rapid turnover and trophic regulation. J Neurosci 2001; 21:221-9. [PMID: 11150339 PMCID: PMC6762422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-gated cationic channels of vertebrate photoreceptors are essential for visual phototransduction. We have examined the developmental regulation of cGMP-gated channels in morphologically identified cones in the chick retina. Expression of cone-type cGMP-gated channel mRNA can be detected at embryonic day 6 (E6), but expression of functional channels, as accessed by patch-clamp recordings, cannot be detected until E8. Plasma membrane channels in embryonic cones have a high turnover rate because inhibition of protein synthesis or disruption of the Golgi apparatus causes an almost complete loss of functional cGMP-gated channels within 12 hr. Different subpopulations of cones begin to express functional channels at different developmental stages, but all cones express channels by E10. Expression of cGMP-gated channels in at least one cone subpopulation appears to require one or more soluble differentiation factors, which are presumably present in the normal microenvironment of the developing retina. Application of chick embryo extract (CEE), a rich source of trophic factors, causes marked stimulation of cGMP-gated channel expression in chick cones at E8, but not at E6. Inhibition of MAP kinase (Erk) signaling using PD98059, or inhibition of PI3 kinase signaling by LY294002, blocked the stimulatory effects of CEE on E8 cones. Several recombinant trophic factors were also tested, but none could mimic the stimulatory effects of CEE on channel expression. In summary, the developmental expression of cGMP-gated cationic channels in embryonic cones appears to be regulated by epigenetic factors. The ability of cones to respond to these epigenetic factors is also developmentally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Ko
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5513, USA
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Ko ML, Hu DN, Ritch R, Sharma SC. The combined effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a free radical scavenger in experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:2967-71. [PMID: 10967052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED PURPOSE. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) had a limited effect on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats' eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The combined treatment of BDNF and a nonspecific free radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-(2-sulfophenyal)-nitrone (S-PBN) was investigated on the RGCs in hypertensive eyes of rats. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were separated into five groups: BDNF (0.5 microg) + S-PBN; BDNF (1. 0 microg) + S-PBN; BDNF (1.0 microg); S-PBN; and phosphate-buffered saline. Right eyes served as normal controls (n = 10). RGCs were labeled with 5% Fluoro Gold; injected into the superior colliculus. Three days after intratectal injection, the episcleral veins of the left eyes were cauterized. Intravitreal injection of BDNF was performed on days 5, 13, 21, and 29 after IOP elevation. S-PBN was injected intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg body wt) every 12 hours starting 30 minutes after cauterization. RESULTS The survival of RGCs using BDNF treatment alone in moderately hypertensive eyes and systemic administration of S-PBN alone did not significantly rescue the RGCs. However, the combination of BDNF and S-PBN increased the survival of RGCs to 90.1%. CONCLUSIONS Trophic factors and antioxidants have synergistic effects on rescuing RGCs from death in eyes with elevated IOP. Further studies of different combined treatment therapies may provide avenues to save RGCs from death in eyes with elevated IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ko
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Abstract
Some children with severe motor disorders have unintelligible speech, and may be recommended augmentative communication systems, such as a symbol chart or a voice output aid. The paper reports the outcome after 15-18 months for 35 children of recommendations for augmentative communication. Using structured questionnaires, parents were asked whether equipment was provided as recommended. Their perception of success in children's use of augmentative aids was recorded and related to potentially influential factors. Twenty-five symbol systems, 10 speech output devices and 11 switches were received; 18 symbol systems were used for communication and 10 were used frequently. Seven speech output devices were used for communication but only two were reported to be used frequently. Factors leading to more successful outcomes include early receipt of the aid, perceived adequate local training in the use of the aid, and children aged 6 years or more at initial assessment. The findings also suggest that referring professionals will need to be better informed about the nature and limitations of augmentative communication aids, and that improved local professional input and careful interagency planning and co-ordination are required to achieve optimal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ko
- Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, The Wolfson Centre, London, UK
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the aging process alters the basal levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and their respective metabolites in the spinal cord using high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Young, mature and aged male Fischer 344 rats (5-6, 15-16, and 25-26 months old, respectively) were used in all experiments. Dorsal and ventral halves of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebral sections of the rat spinal cord were analyzed. The results indicate that as chronological age increases, local spinal levels of serotonin and norepinephrine decrease. These findings are discussed in terms of how age-related changes in the endogenous levels of the biogenic amines may alter the perception of pain in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ko
- Department of Neurobiology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown 44272-0095, USA
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Ko ML, Rao M, Teare L, Bridgman GC, Kurian A. Outcome of referrals to a district immunisation advisory clinic. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1995; 5:R146-R149. [PMID: 7550586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have studied referrals to and outcomes of consultation at a district immunisation advisory clinic, aiming to examine and confirm the rarity of true contraindications, the safety of immunising children with possible contraindications, and the influence on parents of counselling by well informed professionals. We examined medical records and postal questionnaires to parents, representing 30 months' work. Three hundred and fifty-eight children were referred to the clinic, 248 of whom were seen and 110 (31%) did not attend. Fourteen children who attended (6%) had a true contraindication to the vaccine(s) in question and 202 of the remaining 234 (86%) proceeded to vaccination with no adverse effect. Forty of the 110 (36%) who were referred but did not attend were vaccinated, and no adverse effects were reported, but the immunisation rate of this group was significantly lower than that seen in the clinic (chi 2 test, p < 0.001). True contraindications to childhood immunisation were rare, and children with difficult problems were safely vaccinated. The immunisation advisory clinic is effective in counselling parents who are uncertain about childhood immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ko
- Department of Child Health, Mid-Essex Community and Mental Health Trust
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Abstract
Parents of 120 children attending child health clinics answered a questionnaire on their understanding of vitamins. Fifty four children (45%) were taking vitamins; 12 (22%) were given the wrong dose. Only 19 parents (35%) knew when to stop supplements and 25 (46%) did not realise overdosage was potentially harmful. Only six children (11%) were receiving professional supervision. This indicates a need to improve parental understanding and professional supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ko
- Department of Paediatrics, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex
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