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Matsuzaki T, Inoue J, Minato N, Noda M. Non-cell-autonomous suppression of tumor growth by RECK in immunocompetent mice. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31396. [PMID: 39104026 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
RECK is a candidate tumor suppressor gene isolated as a gene that induces flat reversion in a cell line transformed by the KRAS oncogene. Since RECK knockout mice die in utero, they are not suitable for studying the effects of RECK on tumor formation. In this study, we found an increased incidence of spontaneous pulmonary adenomas in mice with reduced RECK expression (RECK-Hypo mice). To evaluate the effects of RECK expressed by either tumor cells or host cells on tumor growth, we established a tumorigenic cell line (MKER) from the kidney of a C57BL/6 mouse and performed syngeneic transplantation experiments. Our results indicate that when RECK expression is low in host cells, transplanted MKER cells grow faster and kill the animal more rapidly. Since RECK is required for the formation of proper fibrillin fibers that serve as a tissue reservoir for precursors of TGFβ-family cytokines, we assessed the levels of TGFβ1 in the peripheral blood. We found a significant increase in TGFβ1 in RECK-Hypo mice compared to wild-type mice. We also found that the proportion of FOXP3-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells among splenocytes was higher in RECK-Hypo mice compared to the control mice. Furthermore, the number of FOXP3-positive cells in spontaneous hematopoietic neoplasms in the lungs as well as tumors that formed after MKER transplantation was significantly higher in RECK-Hypo mice compared to the control mice. These findings indicate that RECK-mediated tumor suppression involves a non-cell-autonomous mechanism and that possible roles of TGFβ1 and Treg cells in such a mechanism warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joe Inoue
- Departments of Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Departments of Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Wang P, Luo L, Chen J. Her4.3 + radial glial cells maintain the brain vascular network through activation of Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107570. [PMID: 39019216 PMCID: PMC11342778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
During vascular development, radial glial cells (RGCs) regulate vascular patterning in the trunk and contribute to the early differentiation of the blood-brain barrier. Ablation of RGCs results in excessive sprouting vessels or the absence of bilateral vertebral arteries. However, interactions of RGCs with later brain vascular networks after pattern formation remain unknown. Here, we generated a her4.3 transgenic line to label RGCs and applied the metronidazole/nitroreductase system to ablate her4.3+ RGCs. The ablation of her4.3+ RGCs led to the collapse of the cerebral vascular network, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and downregulation of Wnt signaling. The inhibition of Wnt signaling resulted in the collapse of cerebral vasculature, similar to that caused by her4.3+ RGC ablation. The defects in the maintenance of brain vasculature resulting from the absence of her4.3+ RGCs were partially rescued by the activation of Wnt signaling or overexpression of Wnt7aa or Wnt7bb. Together, our study suggests that her4.3+ RGCs maintain the cerebral vascular network through Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Qi X, Hu Q, Elghobashi-Meinhardt N, Long T, Chen H, Li X. Molecular basis of Wnt biogenesis, secretion, and Wnt7-specific signaling. Cell 2023; 186:5028-5040.e14. [PMID: 37852257 PMCID: PMC10841698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are enzymatically lipidated by Porcupine (PORCN) in the ER and bind to Wntless (WLS) for intracellular transport and secretion. Mechanisms governing the transfer of these low-solubility Wnts from the ER to the extracellular space remain unclear. Through structural and functional analyses of Wnt7a, a crucial Wnt involved in central nervous system angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier maintenance, we have elucidated the principles of Wnt biogenesis and Wnt7-specific signaling. The Wnt7a-WLS complex binds to calreticulin (CALR), revealing that CALR functions as a chaperone to facilitate Wnt transfer from PORCN to WLS during Wnt biogenesis. Our structures, functional analyses, and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that a phospholipid in the core of Wnt-bound WLS regulates the association and dissociation between Wnt and WLS, suggesting a lipid-mediated Wnt secretion mechanism. Finally, the structure of Wnt7a bound to RECK, a cell-surface Wnt7 co-receptor, reveals how RECKCC4 engages the N-terminal domain of Wnt7a to activate Wnt7-specific signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Qi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Qinli Hu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Tao Long
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hongwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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4
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Rattner A, Wang Y, Nathans J. Signaling Pathways in Neurovascular Development. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:87-108. [PMID: 35803586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During development, the central nervous system (CNS) vasculature grows to precisely meet the metabolic demands of neurons and glia. In addition, the vast majority of the CNS vasculature acquires a unique set of molecular and cellular properties-collectively referred to as the blood-brain barrier-that minimize passive diffusion of molecules between the blood and the CNS parenchyma. Both of these processes are controlled by signals emanating from neurons and glia. In this review, we describe the nature and mechanisms-of-action of these signals, with an emphasis on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and beta-catenin (canonical Wnt) signaling, the two best-understood systems that regulate CNS vascular development. We highlight foundational discoveries, interactions between different signaling systems, the integration of genetic and cell biological studies, advances that are of clinical relevance, and questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
| | - Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Departments of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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5
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Wang Y, Venkatesh A, Xu J, Xu M, Williams J, Smallwood PM, James A, Nathans J. The WNT7A/WNT7B/GPR124/RECK signaling module plays an essential role in mammalian limb development. Development 2022; 149:275368. [PMID: 35552394 PMCID: PMC9148564 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In central nervous system vascular endothelial cells, signaling via the partially redundant ligands WNT7A and WNT7B requires two co-activator proteins, GPR124 and RECK. WNT7A and RECK have been shown previously to play a role in limb development, but the mechanism of RECK action in this context is unknown. The roles of WNT7B and GPR124 in limb development have not been investigated. Using combinations of conventional and/or conditional loss-of-function alleles for mouse Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Gpr124 and Reck, including a Reck allele that codes for a protein that is specifically defective in WNT7A/WNT7B signaling, we show that reductions in ligand and/or co-activator function synergize to cause reduced and dysmorphic limb bone growth. Two additional limb phenotypes – loss of distal Lmx1b expression and ectopic growth of nail-like structures – occur with reduced Wnt7a/Wnt7b gene copy number and, respectively, with Reck mutations and with combined Reck and Gpr124 mutations. A third limb phenotype – bleeding into a digit – occurs with the most severe combinations of Wnt7a/Wnt7b, Reck and Gpr124 mutations. These data imply that the WNT7A/WNT7B-FRIZZLED-LRP5/LRP6-GPR124-RECK signaling system functions as an integral unit in limb development. Summary: Genetic analyses in mice show that the WNT7A/WNT7B-FRIZZLED-LRP5/LRP6-GPR124-RECK signaling system, first defined in the context of CNS angiogenesis and barrier development, also functions as an integral unit in limb development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arjun Venkatesh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip M. Smallwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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6
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Martin M, Vermeiren S, Bostaille N, Eubelen M, Spitzer D, Vermeersch M, Profaci CP, Pozuelo E, Toussay X, Raman-Nair J, Tebabi P, America M, De Groote A, Sanderson LE, Cabochette P, Germano RFV, Torres D, Boutry S, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Bellefroid EJ, Phoenix TN, Devraj K, Lacoste B, Daneman R, Liebner S, Vanhollebeke B. Engineered Wnt ligands enable blood-brain barrier repair in neurological disorders. Science 2022; 375:eabm4459. [PMID: 35175798 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from harmful blood-borne factors. Although BBB dysfunction is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, therapies to restore BBB function are lacking. An attractive strategy is to repurpose developmental BBB regulators, such as Wnt7a, into BBB-protective agents. However, safe therapeutic use of Wnt ligands is complicated by their pleiotropic Frizzled signaling activities. Taking advantage of the Wnt7a/b-specific Gpr124/Reck co-receptor complex, we genetically engineered Wnt7a ligands into BBB-specific Wnt activators. In a "hit-and-run" adeno-associated virus-assisted CNS gene delivery setting, these new Gpr124/Reck-specific agonists protected BBB function, thereby mitigating glioblastoma expansion and ischemic stroke infarction. This work reveals that the signaling specificity of Wnt ligands is adjustable and defines a modality to treat CNS disorders by normalizing the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Martin
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Simon Vermeiren
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Naguissa Bostaille
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Marie Eubelen
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Daniel Spitzer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Université de Mons, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Caterina P Profaci
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Pozuelo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Xavier Toussay
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Raman-Nair
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Tebabi
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Michelle America
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Aurélie De Groote
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Leslie E Sanderson
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Pauline Cabochette
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Raoul F V Germano
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - David Torres
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Université de Mons, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Timothy N Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Daneman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
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7
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Yoshida Y, Yuki K, Dan S, Yamazaki K, Noda M. Suppression of tumor metastasis by a RECK-activating small molecule. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2319. [PMID: 35149728 PMCID: PMC8837781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RECK encodes a membrane-anchored protease-regulator which is often downregulated in a wide variety of cancers, and reduced RECK expression often correlates with poorer prognoses. In mouse models, forced expression of RECK in tumor xenografts results in suppression of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. RECK mutations, however, are rare in cancer genomes, suggesting that agents that re-activate dormant RECK may be of clinical value. We found a potent RECK-inducer, DSK638, that inhibits spontaneous lung metastasis in our mouse xenograft model. Induction of RECK expression involves SP1 sites in its promoter and may be mediated by KLF2. DSK638 also upregulates MXI1, an endogenous MYC-antagonist, and inhibition of metastasis by DSK638 is dependent on both RECK and MXI1. This study demonstrates the utility of our approach (using a simple reporter assay followed by multiple phenotypic assays) and DSK638 itself (as a reference compound) in finding potential metastasis-suppressing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Kanako Yuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kanami Yamazaki
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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8
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Gutiérrez J, Gonzalez D, Escalona-Rivano R, Takahashi C, Brandan E. Reduced RECK levels accelerate skeletal muscle differentiation, improve muscle regeneration, and decrease fibrosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21503. [PMID: 33811686 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001646rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The muscle regeneration process requires a properly assembled extracellular matrix (ECM). Its homeostasis depends on the activity of different matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). The reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) is a membrane-anchored protein that negatively regulates the activity of different MMPs. However, the role of RECK in the process of skeletal muscle differentiation, regeneration, and fibrosis has not been elucidated. Here, we show that during skeletal muscle differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and in satellite cells on isolated muscle fibers, RECK is transiently up regulated. C2C12 myoblasts with reduced RECK levels are more prone to enter the differentiation program, showing an accelerated differentiation process. Notch-1 signaling was reduced, while p38 and AKT signaling were augmented in myoblasts with decreased RECK levels. Overexpression of RECK restores the normal differentiation process but diminished the ability to form myotubes. Transient up-regulation of RECK occurs during skeletal muscle regeneration, which was accelerated in RECK-deficient mice (Reck±). RECK, MMPs and ECM proteins augmented in chronically damaged WT muscle, a model of muscle fibrosis. In this model, RECK ± mice showed diminished fibrosis compared to WT. These results strongly suggest that RECK is acting as a potential myogenic repressor during muscle formation and regeneration, emerging as a new player in these processes, and as a potential target to treat individuals with the muscle-wasting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Gonzalez
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Escalona-Rivano
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Peguera B, Segarra M, Acker-Palmer A. Neurovascular crosstalk coordinates the central nervous system development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:202-213. [PMID: 34077852 PMCID: PMC8411665 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the review: The synchronic development of vascular and nervous systems is orchestrated by common molecules that regulate the communication between both systems. The identification of these common guiding cues and the developmental processes regulated by neurovascular communication are slowly emerging. In this review, we describe the molecules modulating the neurovascular development and their impact in processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and brain homeostasis. Recent findings: Blood vessels not only are involved in nutrient and oxygen supply of the central nervous system (CNS) but also exert instrumental functions controlling developmental neurogenesis, CNS cytoarchitecture, and neuronal plasticity. Conversely, neurons modulate CNS vascularization and brain endothelial properties such as blood–brain barrier and vascular hyperemia. Summary: The integration of the active role of endothelial cells in the development and maintenance of neuronal function is important to obtain a more holistic view of the CNS complexity and also to understand how the vasculature is involved in neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Peguera
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marta Segarra
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4 Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
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10
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Zheng J, Li X, Yang W, Zhang F. Dihydroartemisinin regulates apoptosis, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via mediating RECK. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:71-81. [PMID: 33941323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) possesses an inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer and promotes reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) expression in glioma cells. This study explored the role of DHA and RECK on ovarian cancer. METHODS The RECK level in ovarian cancer was analyzed under GEPIA 2 database and proved by RT-qPCR. After being treated with DHA or infected with siRECK lentivirus, the viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays. Also, the expressions of factors related to apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were measured by Western blot or RT-qPCR. RESULTS DHA-treatment weakened the viability, migration, invasion, and enhanced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. DHA also down-regulated the levels of Bcl-2, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, and up-regulated the levels of Bax, C-caspase-3 and E-cadherin in ovarian cancer cells. RECK was lowly expressed in both ovarian cancer tissues and cells. siRECK not only had an effect opposite to DHA on the viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and related-factors of ovarian cancer cells but also offset the effect of DHA on ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION DHA regulated apoptosis, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via mediating RECK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, China.
| | - Xuehe Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, China
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11
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Abstract
Five small protein domains, the CC-domains, at the N terminus of the RECK protein, play essential roles in signaling by WNT7A and WNT7B in the context of central nervous system angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier formation and maintenance. We have determined the structure of CC domain 4 (CC4) at 1.65-Å resolution and find that it folds into a compact four-helix bundle with three disulfide bonds. The CC4 structure, together with homology modeling of CC1, reveals the surface locations of critical residues that were shown in previous mutagenesis studies to mediate GPR124 binding and WNT7A/WNT7B recognition and signaling. Surprisingly, sequence and structural homology searches reveal no other cell-surface or secreted domains in vertebrates that resemble the CC domain, a pattern that is in striking contrast to other ancient and similarly sized domains, such as Epidermal Growth Factor, Fibronectin Type 3, Immunoglobulin, and Thrombospondin type 1 domains, which are collectively present in hundreds of proteins.
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Analysis of the inhibiting activity of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) on matrix metalloproteinases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6317. [PMID: 32286475 PMCID: PMC7156630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) occur in 23 human paralogues with key functions in physiology, and their activity is controlled by protein inhibitors. Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), which is essential for embryogenesis and tumour suppression, has been reported to inhibit MMPs. Here, we developed eukaryotic and bacterial expression systems for different RECK variants and analysed their inhibitory capacity against representative MMPs in vitro. We could not detect any significant inhibition. Instead, we found that partially purified RECK from the conditioned medium of transfected Expi293F cells but not that of ExpiCHO-S or Drosophila Schneider cells contained a contaminant with proteolytic activity. The contaminant was removed through treatment with a small-molecule serine peptidase inhibitor and additional chromatographic purification. A tantamount contaminant was further detected in an equivalent expression system of the N-terminal fragment of the proteoglycan testican 3, but not in those of two other proteins. These results indicate that previous reports of inhibitory activity of recombinant RECK on MMPs, which were performed with partially purified samples, were probably masked by a coeluting contaminant present in the supernatant of HEK293-derived cells. Thus, RECK is probably not a direct inhibitor of MMP catalytic activity but may still regulate MMPs through other mechanisms.
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Angioregulatory microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010071. [PMID: 31887997 PMCID: PMC7016698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Angiogenesis is a rate-determining step in CRC development and metastasis. The balance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors is crucial in this process. Angiogenesis-related genes can be regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs (miRNAs) and some miRNAs have been shown to shuttle between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). MiRNAs have context-dependent actions and can promote or suppress angiogenesis dependent on the type of cancer. On the one hand, miRNAs downregulate anti-angiogenic targets and lead to angiogenesis induction. Tumor suppressor miRNAs, on the other hand, enhance anti-angiogenic response by targeting pro-angiogenic factors. Understanding the interaction between these miRNAs and their target mRNAs will help to unravel molecular mechanisms involved in CRC progression. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on angioregulatory miRNAs in CRC.
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