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Cibelli A, Ballesteros-Gomez D, McCutcheon S, Yang GL, Bispo A, Krawchuk M, Piedra G, Spray DC. Astrocytes sense glymphatic-level shear stress through the interaction of sphingosine-1-phosphate with Piezo1. iScience 2024; 27:110069. [PMID: 38868201 PMCID: PMC11167526 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte endfeet enwrap brain vasculature, forming a boundary for perivascular glymphatic flow of fluid and solutes along and across the astrocyte endfeet into the brain parenchyma. We evaluated astrocyte sensitivity to shear stress generated by such flow, finding a set point for downstream calcium signaling that is below about 0.1 dyn/cm2. This set point is modulated by albumin levels encountered in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under normal conditions and following a blood-brain barrier breach or immune response. The astrocyte mechanosome responsible for the detection of shear stress includes sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated sensitization of the mechanosensor Piezo1. Fluid flow through perivascular channels delimited by vessel wall and astrocyte endfeet thus generates sufficient shear stress to activate astrocytes, thereby potentially controlling vasomotion and parenchymal perfusion. Moreover, S1P receptor signaling establishes a set point for Piezo1 activation that is finely tuned to coincide with CSF albumin levels and to the low shear forces resulting from glymphatic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Sean McCutcheon
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Greta L. Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ashley Bispo
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Krawchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Giselle Piedra
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David C. Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Li B, Zhao A, Tian T, Yang X. Mechanobiological insight into brain diseases based on mechanosensitive channels: Common mechanisms and clinical potential. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14809. [PMID: 38923822 PMCID: PMC11197048 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As physical signals, mechanical cues regulate the neural cells in the brain. The mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) perceive the mechanical cues and transduce them by permeating specific ions or molecules across the plasma membrane, and finally trigger a series of intracellular bioelectrical and biochemical signals. Emerging evidence supports that wide-distributed, high-expressed MSCs like Piezo1 play important roles in several neurophysiological processes and neurological disorders. AIMS To systematically conclude the functions of MSCs in the brain and provide a novel mechanobiological perspective for brain diseases. METHOD We summarized the mechanical cues and MSCs detected in the brain and the research progress on the functional roles of MSCs in physiological conditions. We then concluded the pathological activation and downstream pathways triggered by MSCs in two categories of brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and place-occupying damages. Finally, we outlined the methods for manipulating MSCs and discussed their medical potential with some crucial outstanding issues. RESULTS The MSCs present underlying common mechanisms in different brain diseases by acting as the "transportation hubs" to transduce the distinct signal patterns: the upstream mechanical cues and the downstream intracellular pathways. Manipulating the MSCs is feasible to alter the complicated downstream processes, providing them promising targets for clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Recent research on MSCs provides a novel insight into brain diseases. The common mechanisms mediated by MSCs inspire a wide range of therapeutic potentials targeted on MSCs in different brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - An‐ran Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tian Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
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3
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Ballesteros-Gomez D, McCutcheon S, Yang GL, Cibelli A, Bispo A, Krawchuk M, Piedra G, Spray DC. Astrocyte sensitivity to glymphatic shear stress is amplified by albumin and mediated by the interaction of sphingosine 1 phosphate with Piezo1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.06.565884. [PMID: 37986983 PMCID: PMC10659372 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte endfeet enwrap brain vasculature, forming a boundary for perivascular glymphatic flow of fluid and solutes along and across the astrocyte endfeet into the brain parenchyma. To determine whether astrocytes may sense and respond to the shear forces generated by glymphatic flow, we examined intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) changes evoked in astrocytes to brief fluid flow applied in calibrated microfluidic chambers. Shear stresses < 20 dyn/cm 2 failed to evoke Ca 2+ responses in the absence of albumin, but cells responded to shear stress below 1 dyn/cm 2 when as little as 5 μM albumin was present in flow medium. A role for extracellular matrix in mechanotransduction was indicated by reduced sensitivity after degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) amplified shear responses in the absence of albumin, whereas mechanosensitivity was attenuated by the S1P receptor blocker fingolimod. Piezo1 participated in the transduction as revealed by blockade by the spider toxin GsMTX and amplification by the chemical modulator Yoda1, even in absence of albumin or S1P. Our findings that astrocytes are exquisitely sensitive to shear stress and that sensitivity is greatly amplified by albumin concentrations encountered in normal and pathological CSF predict that perivascular astrocytes are responsive to glymphatic shear stress and that responsiveness is augmented by elevated CSF protein. S1P receptor signaling thus establishes a setpoint for Piezo1 activation that is finely tuned to coincide with albumin level in CSF and to the low shear forces resulting from glymphatic flow. Graphical abstract Astrocyte endfoot responds to glymphatic shear stress when albumin is present. Mechanism involves sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binding to its receptor (S1PR), activating phospholipase C (PLC) and thereby sensitizing the response of Piezo1 to flow. Ca 2+ influx triggers Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores and further downstream signaling, thereby modulating parenchymal perfusion. Illustration created using BioRender.com.
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Murase S, Sakitani N, Maekawa T, Yoshino D, Takano K, Konno A, Hirai H, Saito T, Tanaka S, Shinohara K, Kishi T, Yoshikawa Y, Sakai T, Ayaori M, Inanami H, Tomiyasu K, Takashima A, Ogata T, Tsuchimochi H, Sato S, Saito S, Yoshino K, Matsuura Y, Funamoto K, Ochi H, Shinohara M, Nagao M, Sawada Y. Interstitial-fluid shear stresses induced by vertically oscillating head motion lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats and humans. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1350-1373. [PMID: 37414976 PMCID: PMC10651490 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which physical exercise benefits brain functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that vertically oscillating head motions mimicking mechanical accelerations experienced during fast walking, light jogging or treadmill running at a moderate velocity reduce the blood pressure of rats and human adults with hypertension. In hypertensive rats, shear stresses of less than 1 Pa resulting from interstitial-fluid flow induced by such passive head motions reduced the expression of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor in astrocytes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and the resulting antihypertensive effects were abrogated by hydrogel introduction that inhibited interstitial-fluid movement in the medulla. Our findings suggest that oscillatory mechanical interventions could be used to elicit antihypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Murase
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Sakitani
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maekawa
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshino
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Kouji Takano
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kishi
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirohiko Inanami
- Inanami Spine & Joint Hospital/Iwai Orthopaedic Medical Hospital, Iwai Medical Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tomiyasu
- Center of Sports Science and Health Promotion, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Department of Assistive Technology, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Yoshino
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Yuiko Matsuura
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Motoshi Nagao
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Research, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan.
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5
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Damrongthai C, Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Ochi G, Yamazaki Y, Fukuie T, Adachi K, Yassa MA, Churdchomjan W, Soya H. Benefit of human moderate running boosting mood and executive function coinciding with bilateral prefrontal activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22657. [PMID: 34811374 PMCID: PMC8608901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Running, compared to pedaling is a whole-body locomotive movement that may confer more mental health via strongly stimulating brains, although running impacts on mental health but their underlying brain mechanisms have yet to be determined; since almost the mechanistic studies have been done with pedaling. We thus aimed at determining the acute effect of a single bout of running at moderate-intensity, the most popular condition, on mood and executive function as well as their neural substrates in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty-six healthy participants completed both a 10-min running session on a treadmill at 50%[Formula: see text] and a resting control session in randomized order. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop interference time from the color-word matching Stroop task (CWST) and mood was assessed using the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale, before and after both sessions. Prefrontal hemodynamic changes while performing the CWST were investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Running resulted in significant enhanced arousal and pleasure level compared to control. Running also caused significant greater reduction of Stroop interference time and increase in Oxy-Hb signals in bilateral PFCs. Besides, we found a significant association among pleasure level, Stroop interference reaction time, and the left dorsolateral PFCs: important brain loci for inhibitory control and mood regulation. To our knowledge, an acute moderate-intensity running has the beneficial of inducing a positive mood and enhancing executive function coinciding with cortical activation in the prefrontal subregions involved in inhibitory control and mood regulation. These results together with previous findings with pedaling imply the specificity of moderate running benefits promoting both cognition and pleasant mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorphaka Damrongthai
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574 Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.412665.20000 0000 9427 298XFaculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000 Thailand
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574 Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.444632.30000 0001 2288 8205Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, 301-8555 Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.412183.d0000 0004 0635 1290Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198 Japan
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- grid.412021.40000 0004 1769 5590School of Nursing and Social Services, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, 061-0293 Japan
| | - Kazutaka Adachi
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Applied Anatomy, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574 Japan
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92679-3800 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92679-3800 USA
| | - Worachat Churdchomjan
- grid.412665.20000 0000 9427 298XFaculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000 Thailand
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan. .,Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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6
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Motz CT, Kabat V, Saxena T, Bellamkonda RV, Zhu C. Neuromechanobiology: An Expanding Field Driven by the Force of Greater Focus. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100102. [PMID: 34342167 PMCID: PMC8497434 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain processes information by transmitting signals through highly connected and dynamic networks of neurons. Neurons use specific cellular structures, including axons, dendrites and synapses, and specific molecules, including cell adhesion molecules, ion channels and chemical receptors to form, maintain and communicate among cells in the networks. These cellular and molecular processes take place in environments rich of mechanical cues, thus offering ample opportunities for mechanical regulation of neural development and function. Recent studies have suggested the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the development and maintenance of these neuronal structures. Also suggested are the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the interaction and function of molecules mediating the interneuronal communications. In this review, the current understanding is integrated and promising future directions of neuromechanobiology are suggested at the cellular and molecular levels. Several neuronal processes where mechanics likely plays a role are examined and how forces affect ligand binding, conformational change, and signal induction of molecules key to these neuronal processes are indicated, especially at the synapse. The disease relevance of neuromechanobiology as well as therapies and engineering solutions to neurological disorders stemmed from this emergent field of study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara T Motz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Victoria Kabat
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Tarun Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ravi V Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
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7
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Kayacan Y, Ghojebeigloo BE, Çerit G, Kocacan SE, Ayyıldız M. Physical exercise and 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor for serotonin synthesis, reduce penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107403. [PMID: 32950765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have shown that 5- hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and exercise play an important role in the synthesis of serotonin independently. The effects of the treadmill exercise and 5- hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on seizure mechanisms created by epileptiform activity with penicillin model were investigated in rats. METHOD A total of 28 male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: exercise (Ex), Control (Cnt), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5htp) and 5-hydroxytryptophan + exercise (5htpEx) groups. Treadmill exercise and gavage (25 mg/kg/day) were administered five days a week for ten weeks. Electrocorticogram data were recorded for 3 h at the end of the protocol using the Power-Lab data acquisition system. Spike frequency, amplitude, and latency time were analyzed offline. The significant differences among the groups were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Spike frequency was observed at the highest level from the 20th minute in the Cnt group, and this continued until the end of the recording. The 5-HTP alone group did not affect epileptiform activity. At the 80th minute of penicillin injection, the epileptiform activity in the 5htpEx group decreased significantly compared with the Cnt, and this significance continued until the 110th minute. There was no statistical difference in the amplitude values of the groups. The 5htpEx group was significantly higher than both the Cnt and Ex group in the seizure latency times. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that exercise reduced the spike number and delayed seizure significantly by potentiating the effect of 5-HTP. Given that 5-HTP used in combination with exercise can perform useful actions such as reducing seizure sensitivity and consequently improving the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy, it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of epilepsy in nonpharmacological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Kayacan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey.
| | | | - Günay Çerit
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Emre Kocacan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ayyıldız
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Samsun, Turkey
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