1
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Li L, Wang Y. Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Patients with DWI-Negative Ischemic Stroke. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:68. [PMID: 38995420 PMCID: PMC11245437 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability in adults, accounting for 80% of stroke cases. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) examination is the main test for acute ischemic stroke, but in recent years, several studies have shown that some patients show negative DWI examination after the onset of ischemic stroke with symptoms of significant neurological deficits. In this study, we investigated potential biomarkers related to immune metabolism in the peripheral blood of DWI-negative versus DWI-positive patients after ischemic stroke and explored their possible regulatory processes in ischemic stroke. The datasets related to ischemic stroke were downloaded from the GEO database, immune-related genes and metabolism-related genes were obtained from the ImmPort database and MSigDB database, respectively, and immune-related differential genes were obtained based on immune scores using the algorithm of the R software package "GSVA." Candidate genes were selected based on intersections, hub genes were screened using the algorithm in Cytoscape software, and finally, GeneMANIA analysis, GSEA enrichment analysis, subcellular localization, gene transcription factor and gene-drug interaction networks, and disease correlation analyses were performed for the hub genes. Five hub genes (GART, TYMS, PPAT, CTPS1, and PAICS) were obtained by PPI network analysis and software analysis. Among them, PPAT and PAICS may be the real hub genes with consistent and significantly differentiated results from the discovery and validation sets. The functions of these hub genes may be related to pathways such as nucleotide biosynthetic processes. The constructed hub gene ceRNA network showed that hsa-10a-5p is the key miRNA connecting PAICS and multiple lncRNAs in this study. Differential genes related to immunity and metabolism in DWI-negative and DWI-positive patients after IS were identified using bioinformatics analysis, and their pathways and related TF-RNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs were identified. These genes may be considered effective targets for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 6500032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 6500032, China.
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2
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Yamada S, Mizukoshi T, Sato A, Sakakibara SI. Purinosomes and Purine Metabolism in Mammalian Neural Development: A Review. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2024; 57:89-100. [PMID: 38988694 PMCID: PMC11231565 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.24-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in specific brain regions require precisely regulated metabolite production during critical development periods. Purines-vital components of DNA, RNA, and energy carriers like ATP and GTP-are crucial metabolites in brain development. Purine levels are tightly controlled through two pathways: de novo synthesis and salvage synthesis. Enzymes driving de novo pathway are assembled into a large multienzyme complex termed the "purinosome." Here, we review purine metabolism and purinosomes as spatiotemporal regulators of neural development. Notably, around postnatal day 0 (P0) during mouse cortical development, purine synthesis transitions from the de novo pathway to the salvage pathway. Inhibiting the de novo pathway affects mTORC1 pathway and leads to specific forebrain malformations. In this review, we also explore the importance of protein-protein interactions of a newly identified NSPC protein-NACHT and WD repeat domain-containing 1 (Nwd1)-in purinosome formation. Reduced Nwd1 expression disrupts purinosome formation, impacting NSPC proliferation and neuronal migration, resulting in periventricular heterotopia. Nwd1 interacts directly with phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS), an enzyme involved in de novo purine synthesis. We anticipate this review will be valuable for researchers investigating neural development, purine metabolism, and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomoya Mizukoshi
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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3
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MacCalman A, De Franco E, Franklin A, Flaxman CS, Richardson SJ, Murrall K, Burrage J, Walker EM, Morgan NG, Hattersley AT, Dempster EL, Hannon E, Jeffries AR, Owens NDL, Mill J. Developmentally dynamic changes in DNA methylation in the human pancreas. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:553. [PMID: 38831310 PMCID: PMC11145889 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of the human pancreas requires the precise temporal control of gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms and the binding of key transcription factors. We quantified genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in human fetal pancreatic samples from donors aged 6 to 21 post-conception weeks. We found dramatic changes in DNA methylation across pancreas development, with > 21% of sites characterized as developmental differentially methylated positions (dDMPs) including many annotated to genes associated with monogenic diabetes. An analysis of DNA methylation in postnatal pancreas tissue showed that the dramatic temporal changes in DNA methylation occurring in the developing pancreas are largely limited to the prenatal period. Significant differences in DNA methylation were observed between males and females at a number of autosomal sites, with a small proportion of sites showing sex-specific DNA methylation trajectories across pancreas development. Pancreas dDMPs were not distributed equally across the genome and were depleted in regulatory domains characterized by open chromatin and the binding of known pancreatic development transcription factors. Finally, we compared our pancreas dDMPs to previous findings from the human brain, identifying evidence for tissue-specific developmental changes in DNA methylation. This study represents the first systematic exploration of DNA methylation patterns during human fetal pancreas development and confirms the prenatal period as a time of major epigenomic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa MacCalman
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Alice Franklin
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Christine S Flaxman
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kathryn Murrall
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Joe Burrage
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Emma M Walker
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Emma L Dempster
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Aaron R Jeffries
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nick D L Owens
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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4
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Tian Y, Zheng X, Li R, Hu L, Shui X, Wang L, Chen D, Lee TH, Zhang T. Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Reveal a Role of Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 in Regulating Hippocampal Synapse. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1794-1806. [PMID: 37775722 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a stress-responsive calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-regulated serine/threonine protein kinase that is actively involved in stress-induced cell death. The dysregulation of DAPK1 has been established in various neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent research indicates a synaptic localization of DAPK1 in neurons, suggesting a potential role of DAPK1 in modulating synaptic structure and function. However, the key molecules and pathways underlying the influence of DAPK1 on synapses remain elusive. We utilized quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to compare the differences in protein expression and phosphorylation in hippocampal tissues of wild-type (WT) and DAPK1-knockout (KO) mice. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins revealed a preferential enrichment of proteins involved in regulating synaptic function, cytoskeletal structure, and neurotransmission. Gene set enrichment analysis (GESA) highlighted altered presynaptic functions including synaptic vesicle priming and glutamate secretion in KO mice. Besides, we observed that proteins with potential phosphorylation motifs of ERK and DAPK1 were overrepresented among the differential phosphoproteins and were highly enriched in neuronal function-related pathways. Furthermore, Western blot analysis validated differences in the expression of several proteins closely associated with presynaptic organization, dendrites and calcium transmembrane transport between KO and WT mice, further corroborating the potential involvement of DAPK1 in the regulation of synaptic functions. Overall, our data provide molecular evidence to elucidate the physiological links between DAPK1 and neuronal functions and help clarify the role of DAPK1 in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Li Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xindong Shui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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5
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Ayoub N, Gedeon A, Munier-Lehmann H. A journey into the regulatory secrets of the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1329011. [PMID: 38444943 PMCID: PMC10912719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1329011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
De novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis (DNPNB) consists of sequential reactions that are majorly conserved in living organisms. Several regulation events take place to maintain physiological concentrations of adenylate and guanylate nucleotides in cells and to fine-tune the production of purine nucleotides in response to changing cellular demands. Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the DNPNB enzymes, with some being highlighted as promising targets for therapeutic molecules. Herein, a review of two newly revealed modes of regulation of the DNPNB pathway has been carried out: i) the unprecedent allosteric regulation of one of the limiting enzymes of the pathway named inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), and ii) the supramolecular assembly of DNPNB enzymes. Moreover, recent advances that revealed the therapeutic potential of DNPNB enzymes in bacteria could open the road for the pharmacological development of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ayoub
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS-1124, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gedeon
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS UMR7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
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6
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Jin B, Li N, Pang L, Xiao J, Lin Z, Li N, Dong Z, Chen G, Yu F, Liu D. Systematic identification and screening of functional long noncoding RNAs during planarian regeneration. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:1018-1021. [PMID: 37619943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baijie Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Nannan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lina Pang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ziyi Lin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Dezeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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7
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Mizukoshi T, Yamada S, Sakakibara SI. Spatiotemporal Regulation of De Novo and Salvage Purine Synthesis during Brain Development. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0159-23.2023. [PMID: 37770184 PMCID: PMC10566546 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0159-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels of purines, essential molecules to sustain eukaryotic cell homeostasis, are regulated by the coordination of the de novo and salvage synthesis pathways. In the embryonic central nervous system (CNS), the de novo pathway is considered crucial to meet the requirements for the active proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). However, how these two pathways are balanced or separately used during CNS development remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed a dynamic shift in pathway utilization, with greater reliance on the de novo pathway during embryonic stages and on the salvage pathway in postnatal-adult mouse brain. The pharmacological effects of various purine synthesis inhibitors in vitro and the expression profile of purine synthesis enzymes indicated that NSPCs in the embryonic cerebrum mainly use the de novo pathway. Simultaneously, NSPCs in the cerebellum require both the de novo and the salvage pathways. In vivo administration of de novo inhibitors resulted in severe hypoplasia of the forebrain cortical region, indicating a gradient of purine demand along the anteroposterior axis of the embryonic brain, with cortical areas of the dorsal forebrain having higher purine requirements than ventral or posterior areas such as the striatum and thalamus. This histologic defect of the neocortex was accompanied by strong downregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K)/S6 signaling cascade, a crucial pathway for cell metabolism, growth, and survival. These findings indicate the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of both purine pathways for mTORC1 signaling and proper brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Mizukoshi
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
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8
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Li F, Huang H, Xu J, Tao L, Zhou L, Hsueh C, Gong H, Zhang M. Fusobacterium nucleatum-triggered purine metabolic reprogramming drives tumorigenesis in head and neck carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:120. [PMID: 37393565 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a vital pro-oncogenic bacterium. Our previous study revealed that a high abundance of F. nucleatum in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is correlated with poor patient prognosis. However, the impact of F. nucleatum on metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression in HNSCC awaits more exploration. METHODS Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) was applied to analyze the altered metabolites in a head and neck carcinoma cell line (AMC-HN-8) after coculture with F. nucleatum for 24 hrs and 48 hrs. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to screen for differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was further used to explore the metabolic changes. RESULTS We observed a significantly altered metabolic profile in AMC-HN-8 cells over time after coculture with F. nucleatum. Among the several enriched pathways, the purine metabolic pathway was the most significantly enriched (P = 0.0005), with downregulation of purine degradation. Furthermore, uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, significantly reversed F. nucleatum-triggered tumor progression and altered the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Moreover, the negative correlation between the serum uric acid level and the abundance of F. nucleatum was verified in 113 HNSCC patients (P = 0.0412, R = - 0.1924). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed obviously aberrant purine metabolism driven by F. nucleatum in HNSCC, which was closely related to tumor progression and patient prognosis. These findings indicate the possibility of targeting F. nucleatum-induced purine metabolism reprogramming in the future treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Nursing, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiyao Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongli Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Yamada S, Furukawa R, Sakakibara SI. Identification and expression profile of novel STAND gene Nwd2 in the mouse central nervous system. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 46:119284. [PMID: 36341976 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), neurons need synaptic neurotransmitter release and cellular response for various cellular stress or environmental stimuli. To achieve these highly orchestrated cellular processes, neurons should drive the molecular mechanisms that govern and integrate complex signaling pathways. The signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND) family of proteins has been shown to play essential roles in diverse signal transduction mechanisms, including apoptosis and innate immunity. However, a comprehensive understanding of STAND genes remains lacking. Previously, we identified the NACHT and WD repeat domain-containing protein 1 (NWD1), a member of STAND family, in the regulation of the assembly of a giant multi-enzyme complex that enables efficient de novo purine biosynthesis during brain development. Here we identified the mouse Nwd2 gene, which is a paralog of Nwd1. A molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that Nwd1 emerged during the early evolution of the animal kingdom, and that Nwd2 diverged in the process of Nwd1 duplication. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses revealed the unique expression profile of Nwd2 in the developing and adult CNS. Unlike Nwd1, Nwd2 expression was primarily confined to neurons in the medial habenular nucleus, an essential modulating center for diverse psychological states, such as fear, anxiety, and drug addiction. In the adult brain, Nwd2 expression, albeit at a lower level, was also observed in some neuronal populations in the piriform cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra pars compacta. NWD2 might play a unique role in the signal transduction required for specific neuronal circuits, especially for cholinergic neurons in the habenula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Ryutaro Furukawa
- Laboratory of Life Science for Extremophiles, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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10
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Koizumi M, Eto H, Saeki M, Seki M, Fukushima T, Mukai S, Ide H, Sera Y, Iwasaki M, Suzuki Y, Tohei A, Kishi Y, Honda H. UTX deficiency in neural stem/progenitor cells results in impaired neural development, fetal ventriculomegaly, and postnatal death. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22662. [PMID: 36412518 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201002rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications are deeply involved in neurogenesis; however, the precise mechanisms remain largely unknown. To determine the role of UTX (also known as KDM6A), a demethylase of histone H3K27, in neural development, we generated Utx-deficient mice in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Since Utx is an X chromosome-specific gene, the genotypes are sex-dependent; female mice lose both Utx alleles (UtxΔ/Δ ), and male mice lose one Utx allele yet retain one Uty allele, the counterpart of Utx on the Y chromosome (UtxΔ/Uty ). We found that UtxΔ/Δ mice exhibited fetal ventriculomegaly and died soon after birth. Immunofluorescence staining and EdU labeling revealed a significant increase in NSPCs and a significant decrease in intermediate-progenitor and differentiated neural cells. Molecular analyses revealed the downregulation of pathways related to DNA replication and increased H3K27me3 levels around the transcription start sites in UtxΔ/Δ NSPCs. These results indicate that UTX globally regulates the expression of genes required for proper neural development in NSPCs, and UTX deficiency leads to impaired cell cycle exit, reduced differentiation, and neonatal death. Interestingly, although UtxΔ/Uty mice survived the postnatal period, most died of hydrocephalus, a clinical feature of Kabuki syndrome, a congenital anomaly involving UTX mutations. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of histone modifiers in neural development and suggest that UtxΔ/Uty mice are a potential disease model for Kabuki syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Koizumi
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Eto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Saeki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sera
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwasaki
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tohei
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Inka2, a novel Pak4 inhibitor, regulates actin dynamics in neuronal development. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010438. [PMID: 36301793 PMCID: PMC9612522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin filament is a fundamental part of the cytoskeleton defining cell morphology and regulating various physiological processes, including filopodia formation and dendritic spinogenesis of neurons. Serine/threonine-protein kinase Pak4, an essential effector, links Rho GTPases to control actin polymerization. Previously, we identified the Inka2 gene, a novel mammalian protein exhibiting sequence similarity to Inka1, which serves as a possible inhibitor for Pak4. Although Inka2 is dominantly expressed in the nervous system and involved in focal-adhesion dynamics, its molecular role remains unclear. Here, we found that Inka2-iBox directly binds to Pak4 catalytic domain to suppress actin polymerization. Inka2 promoted actin depolymerization and inhibited the formation of cellular protrusion caused by Pak4 activation. We further generated the conditional knockout mice of the Inka2 gene. The beta-galactosidase reporter indicated the preferential Inka2 expression in the dorsal forebrain neurons. Cortical pyramidal neurons of Inka2-/- mice exhibited decreased density and aberrant morphology of dendritic spines with marked activation/phosphorylation of downstream molecules of Pak4 signal cascade, including LIMK and Cofilin. These results uncovered the unexpected function of endogenous Pak4 inhibitor in neurons. Unlike Inka1, Inka2 is a critical mediator for actin reorganization required for dendritic spine development. Actin filaments are an essential part of the cytoskeleton defining cell morphology and regulating various cellular processes, such as cell migration and synapse formation in the brain. Actin polymerization is controlled by the kinase activity of the Pak4 signaling cascade, including LIMK and Cofilin. Previously, we identified the Inka2 gene, which is strongly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and a similar sequence as Inka1. Inka1 was reported to serve as a Pak4 inhibitor in cancer cell lines; however, the physiological function of Inka2 is unclear. In this study, we found that (i) Inka2 overexpression inhibits the formation of cell-protrusion caused by Pak4 activation; (ii) Inka2 directly binds to the catalytic domain of Pak4 to inhibit intracellular actin polymerization; (iii) Inka2 is specifically expressed in neurons in the forebrain region, including the cerebral cortex and hippocampus that are known to be essential for brain plasticity, such as learning and memory; and (iv) cortical neurons of Inka2-deficient mice showed decreased synapse formation and abnormal spine morphology, probably due to the marked phosphorylation of LIMK and Cofilin. These results indicate that Inka2 is an endogenous Pak4 inhibitor in neurons required for normal synapse formation through the modulation of actin reorganization.
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Bar-Peled L, Kory N. Principles and functions of metabolic compartmentalization. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1232-1244. [PMID: 36266543 PMCID: PMC10155461 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has historically been studied at the levels of whole cells, whole tissues and whole organisms. As a result, our understanding of how compartmentalization-the spatial and temporal separation of pathways and components-shapes organismal metabolism remains limited. At its essence, metabolic compartmentalization fulfils three important functions or 'pillars': establishing unique chemical environments, providing protection from reactive metabolites and enabling the regulation of metabolic pathways. However, how these pillars are established, regulated and maintained at both the cellular and systemic levels remains unclear. Here we discuss how the three pillars are established, maintained and regulated within the cell and discuss the consequences of dysregulation of metabolic compartmentalization in human disease. Organelles are increasingly emerging as 'command-and-control centres' and the increased understanding of metabolic compartmentalization is revealing new aspects of metabolic homeostasis, with this knowledge being translated into therapies for the treatment of cancer and certain neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Bar-Peled
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nora Kory
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Pedley AM, Boylan JP, Chan CY, Kennedy EL, Kyoung M, Benkovic SJ. Purine biosynthetic enzymes assemble into liquid-like condensates dependent on the activity of chaperone protein HSP90. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101845. [PMID: 35307352 PMCID: PMC9034097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes within the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway spatially organize into dynamic intracellular assemblies called purinosomes. The formation of purinosomes has been correlated with growth conditions resulting in high purine demand, and therefore, the cellular advantage of complexation has been hypothesized to enhance metabolite flux through the pathway. However, the properties of this cellular structure are unclear. Here, we define the purinosome in a transient expression system as a biomolecular condensate using fluorescence microscopy. We show that purinosomes, as denoted by formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthase granules in purine-depleted HeLa cells, are spherical and appear to coalesce when two come into contact, all liquid-like characteristics that are consistent with previously reported condensates. We further explored the biophysical and biochemical means that drive the liquid-liquid phase separation of these structures. We found that the process of enzyme condensation into purinosomes is likely driven by the oligomeric state of the pathway enzymes and not a result of intrinsic disorder, the presence of low-complexity domains, the assistance of RNA scaffolds, or changes in intracellular pH. Finally, we demonstrate that the heat shock protein 90 KDa helps to regulate the physical properties of the condensate and maintain their liquid-like state inside HeLa cells. We show that disruption of heat shock protein 90 KDa activity induced the transformation of formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthase clusters into more irregularly shaped condensates, suggesting that its chaperone activity is essential for purinosomes to retain their liquid-like properties. This refined view of the purinosome offers new insight into how metabolic enzymes spatially organize into dynamic condensates within human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Pedley
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jack P Boylan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chung Yu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin L Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Minjoung Kyoung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Benkovic
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Over the past fifteen years, we have unveiled a new mechanism by which cells achieve greater efficiency in de novo purine biosynthesis. This mechanism relies on the compartmentalization of de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes into a dynamic complex called the purinosome. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the purinosome with emphasis on its biophysical properties and function and on the cellular mechanisms that regulate its assembly. We propose a model for functional purinosomes in which they consist of at least ten enzymes that localize near mitochondria and carry out de novo purine biosynthesis by metabolic channeling. We conclude by discussing challenges and opportunities associated with studying the purinosome and analogous metabolons. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Pedley
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Vidhi Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen J Benkovic
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA;
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15
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Wu Y, Fu Q, Huang X, Luo Y, Wan S, Peng M, Su S, Xu X, Li Y, Li X, Sun D, Ke C. NWD1 facilitates synaptic transmission and contributes to neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108919. [PMID: 34902349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is the most common symptom for which patients seek medical attention. Existing treatments to control pain are largely ineffective because of poor understanding the underlying mechanisms. Synaptic plasticity is fundamental to the spinal sensitivity of neuropathic pain. In the present study, we showed that SNL induced significant allodynia and hyperalgesia as well as upregulation of Nwd1 and GluN2B, which were reversed by knockdown of NWD1. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that SNL enhanced synaptic transmission, which was prevented by knockdown of NWD1. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of NWD1 inhibited dendritic growth and synaptogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that NWD1 enhances synaptic transmission and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain by enhancing GluN2B synaptic expression and anchor and promoting excitatory synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Wu
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaochu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengjun Wan
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Minjing Peng
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanchun Su
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Sun
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Changbin Ke
- Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
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Yamada S, Sato A, Ishihara N, Akiyama H, Sakakibara SI. Drp1 SUMO/deSUMOylation by Senp5 isoforms influences ER tubulation and mitochondrial dynamics to regulate brain development. iScience 2021; 24:103484. [PMID: 34988397 PMCID: PMC8710555 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Shin-ichi Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- Corresponding author
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Sutcliffe DJ, Dinasarapu AR, Visser JE, Hoed JD, Seifar F, Joshi P, Ceballos-Picot I, Sardar T, Hess EJ, Sun YV, Wen Z, Zwick ME, Jinnah HA. Induced pluripotent stem cells from subjects with Lesch-Nyhan disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8523. [PMID: 33875724 PMCID: PMC8055678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is an inherited disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the HPRT1 gene, which encodes the purine recycling enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt). We generated 6 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from 3 individuals with LND, along with 6 control lines from 3 normal individuals. All 12 lines had the characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, as assessed by immunostaining for pluripotency markers, expression of pluripotency genes, and differentiation into the 3 primary germ cell layers. Gene expression profiling with RNAseq demonstrated significant heterogeneity among the lines. Despite this heterogeneity, several anticipated abnormalities were readily detectable across all LND lines, including reduced HPRT1 mRNA. Several unexpected abnormalities were also consistently detectable across the LND lines, including decreases in FAR2P1 and increases in RNF39. Shotgun proteomics also demonstrated several expected abnormalities in the LND lines, such as absence of HGprt protein. The proteomics study also revealed several unexpected abnormalities across the LND lines, including increases in GNAO1 decreases in NSE4A. There was a good but partial correlation between abnormalities revealed by the RNAseq and proteomics methods. Finally, functional studies demonstrated LND lines had no HGprt enzyme activity and resistance to the toxic pro-drug 6-thioguanine. Intracellular purines in the LND lines were normal, but they did not recycle hypoxanthine. These cells provide a novel resource to reveal insights into the relevance of heterogeneity among iPSC lines and applications for modeling LND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Sutcliffe
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ashok R Dinasarapu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jasper E Visser
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Behavior, Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Joery den Hoed
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fatemeh Seifar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Irene Ceballos-Picot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolomique Et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Paris, France
| | - Tejas Sardar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ellen J Hess
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. 30322, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 6305 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Transcriptome Sequencing in the Preoptic Region of Rat Dams Reveals a Role of Androgen Receptor in the Control of Maternal Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041517. [PMID: 33546359 PMCID: PMC7913516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Preoptic region of hypothalamus is responsible to control maternal behavior, which was hypothesized to be associated with gene expressional changes. (2) Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was first applied in the preoptic region of rat dams in comparison to a control group of mothers whose pups were taken away immediately after parturition and did not exhibit caring behavior 10 days later. (3) Results: Differentially expressed genes were found and validated by quantitative RT-PCR, among them NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 1 (Nwd1) is known to control androgen receptor (AR) protein levels. The distribution of Nwd1 mRNA and AR was similar in the preoptic area. Therefore, we focused on this steroid hormone receptor and found its reduced protein level in rat dams. To establish the function of AR in maternal behavior, its antagonist was administered intracerebroventricularly into mother rats and increased pup-directed behavior of the animals. (4) Conclusions: AR levels are suppressed in the preoptic area of mothers possibly mediated by altered Nwd1 expression in order to allow sustained high-level care for the pups. Thus, our study first implicated the AR in the control of maternal behaviors.
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Abstract
The focus of this review is the human de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. The pathway enzymes are enumerated, as well as the reactions they catalyze and their physical properties. Early literature evidence suggested that they might assemble into a multi-enzyme complex called a metabolon. The finding that fluorescently-tagged chimeras of the pathway enzymes form discrete puncta, now called purinosomes, is further elaborated in this review to include: a discussion of their assembly; the role of ancillary proteins; their locus at the microtubule/mitochondria interface; the elucidation that at endogenous levels, purinosomes function to channel intermediates from phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to AMP and GMP; and the evidence for the purinosomes to exist as a protein condensate. The review concludes with a consideration of probable signaling pathways that might promote the assembly and disassembly of the purinosome, in particular the identification of candidate kinases given the extensive phosphorylation of the enzymes. These collective findings substantiate our current view of the de novo purine biosynthetic metabolon whose properties will be representative of how other metabolic pathways might be organized for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Anthony M Pedley
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Benkovic
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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