1
|
Kagami H, Li X. Spheroids and organoids: Their implications for oral and craniofacial tissue/organ regeneration. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:540-546. [PMID: 39092136 PMCID: PMC11292544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Spheroids are spherical aggregates of cells. Normally, most of adherent cells cannot survive in suspension; however, if they adhere to each other and grow to a certain size, they can survive without attaching to the dish surface. Studies have shown that spheroid formation induces dedifferentiation and improves plasticity, proliferative capability, and differentiation capability. In particular, spontaneous spheroids represent a selective and efficient cultivation technique for somatic stem cells. Organoids are considered mini-organs composed of multiple types of cells with extracellular matrices that are maintained in three-dimensional culture. Although their culture environment is similar to that of spheroids, organoids consist of differentiated cells with fundamental tissue/organ structures similar to those of native organs. Organoids have been used for drug development, disease models, and basic biological studies. Spheroid culture has been reported for various cell types in the oral and craniofacial regions, including salivary gland epithelial cells, periodontal ligament cells, dental pulp stem cells, and oral mucosa-derived cells. For broader clinical application, it is crucial to identify treatment targets that can leverage the superior stemness of spheroids. Organoids have been developed from various organs, including taste buds, oral mucosa, teeth, and salivary glands, for basic biological studies and also with the goal to replace damaged or defective organs. The development of novel immune-tolerant cell sources is the key to the widespread clinical application of organoids in regenerative medicine. Further efforts to understand the underlying basic mechanisms of spheroids and organoids will lead to the development of safe and efficient next-generation regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kagami
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Xianqi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abbasi-Malati Z, Khanicheragh P, Narmi MT, Mardi N, Khosrowshahi ND, Hiradfar A, Rezabakhsh A, Sadeghsoltani F, Rashidi S, Chegeni SA, Roozbahani G, Rahbarghazi R. Tumoroids, a valid preclinical screening platform for monitoring cancer angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:267. [PMID: 39183337 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biologists and clinicians have witnessed prominent advances in in vitro 3D culture techniques related to biomimetic human/animal tissue analogs. Numerous data have confirmed that unicellular and multicellular (tumoroids) tumor spheroids with dense native cells in certain matrices are sensitive and valid analytical tools for drug screening, cancer cell dynamic growth, behavior, etc. in laboratory settings. Angiogenesis/vascularization is a very critical biological phenomenon to support oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells within the deep layer of solid masses. It has been shown that endothelial cell (EC)-incorporated or -free spheroid/tumoroid systems provide a relatively reliable biological platform for monitoring the formation of nascent blood vessels in micron/micrometer scales. Besides, the paracrine angiogenic activity of cells within the spheroid/tumoroid systems can be monitored after being treated with different therapeutic approaches. Here, we aimed to collect recent advances and findings related to the monitoring of cancer angiogenesis using unicellular and multicellular tumor spheroids. Vascularized spheroids/tumoroids can help us in the elucidation of mechanisms related to cancer formation, development, and metastasis by monitoring the main influencing factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi-Malati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Khanicheragh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Didar Khosrowshahi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Amirataollah Hiradfar
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Somayyeh Rashidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Golbarg Roozbahani
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang X, Wu X, Wang Y, Li W, Wu X, Yuan L, Yu T, Li N, Zhang S, Hua J. Induction of lung progenitor cell-like organoids by porcine pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23481. [PMID: 38334430 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302402r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are in vitro 3D models that are generated using stem cells to study organ development and regeneration. Despite the extensive research on lung organoids, there is limited information on pig lung cell generation or development. Here, we identified five epithelial cell types along with their characteristic markers using scRNA-seq. Additionally, we found that NKX2.1 and FOXA2 acted as the crucial core transcription factors in porcine lung development. The presence of SOX9/SOX2 double-positive cells was identified as a key marker for lung progenitor cells. The Monocle algorithm was used to create a pseudo-temporal differentiation trajectory of epithelial cells, leading to the identification of signaling pathways related to porcine lung development. Moreover, we established the differentiation method from porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) to SOX17+ FOXA2+ definitive endoderm (DE) and NKX2.1+ FOXA2+ CDX2- anterior foregut endoderm (AFE). The AFE is further differentiated into lung organoids while closely monitoring the differentiation process. We showed that NKX2.1 overexpression facilitated the induction of lung organoids and supported subsequent lung differentiation and maturation. This model offers valuable insights into studying the interaction patterns between cells and the signaling pathways during the development of the porcine lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liming Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taiyong Yu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee EJ, Kim Y, Salipante P, Kotula AP, Lipshutz S, Graves DT, Alimperti S. Mechanical Regulation of Oral Epithelial Barrier Function. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050517. [PMID: 37237587 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell function is modulated by mechanical forces imparted by the extracellular environment. The transmission of forces onto the cytoskeleton by modalities such as mechanical stress and matrix stiffness is necessary to address by the development of new experimental models that permit finely tuned cell mechanical challenges. Herein, we developed an epithelial tissue culture model, named the 3D Oral Epi-mucosa platform, to investigate the role mechanical cues in the epithelial barrier. In this platform, low-level mechanical stress (0.1 kPa) is applied to oral keratinocytes, which lie on 3D fibrous collagen (Col) gels whose stiffness is modulated by different concentrations or the addition of other factors such as fibronectin (FN). Our results show that cells lying on intermediate Col (3 mg/mL; stiffness = 30 Pa) demonstrated lower epithelial leakiness compared with soft Col (1.5 mg/mL; stiffness = 10 Pa) and stiff Col (6 mg/mL; stiffness = 120 Pa) gels, indicating that stiffness modulates barrier function. In addition, the presence of FN reversed the barrier integrity by inhibiting the interepithelial interaction via E-cadherin and Zonula occludens-1. Overall, the 3D Oral Epi-mucosa platform, as a new in vitro system, will be utilized to identify new mechanisms and develop future targets involved in mucosal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yoontae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Paul Salipante
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Anthony P Kotula
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Sophie Lipshutz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stella Alimperti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|