1
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Xu Q, Li J, Zhang N, Zhang L, Qian R. Utilization of invariant natural killer T cells for gastric cancer treatment. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2053-2066. [PMID: 30051730 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the expression of CD1d and the susceptibility to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in gastric cancer. METHODS The expression of CD1d was examined in gastric cancer. The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities of iNKT cells were evaluated against gastric cancer cell lines. RESULTS CD1d was expressed in gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumors. iNKT cells have potent in vivo and in vitro anti-tumor activities against CD1d-positve gastric cancer in the presence of α-galactosylceramide. Cisplatin could upregulate CD1d expression in gastric cancer cells and make them more vulnerable to iNKT cell-mediated cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION These results justified clinical translation of this iNKT cell-based therapeutics, either used alone or combined with chemotherapy, for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Abdominal Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Abdominal Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Runmei Qian
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
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2
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Abstract
Patients with the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) immunodeficiency syndrome suffer from recurrent viral and bacterial infections, hyper-immunoglobulin E levels, eczema, and greater susceptibility to cancer. Because natural killer T (NKT) cells have been implicated in these diseases, we asked if these cells were affected by DOCK8 deficiency. Using a mouse model, we found that DOCK8 deficiency resulted in impaired NKT cell development, principally affecting the formation and survival of long-lived, differentiated NKT cells. In the thymus, DOCK8-deficient mice lack a terminally differentiated subset of NK1.1(+) NKT cells expressing the integrin CD103, whereas in the liver, DOCK8-deficient NKT cells express reduced levels of the prosurvival factor B-cell lymphoma 2 and the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1. Although the initial NKT cell response to antigen is intact in the absence of DOCK8, their ongoing proliferative and cytokine responses are impaired. Importantly, a similar defect in NKT cell numbers was detected in DOCK8-deficient humans, highlighting the relevance of the mouse model. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DOCK8 is required for the development and survival of mature NKT cells, consistent with the idea that DOCK8 mediates survival signals within a specialized niche. Accordingly, impaired NKT cell numbers and function are likely to contribute to the susceptibility of DOCK8-deficient patients to recurrent infections and malignant disease.
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3
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Duman M, Chtcheglova LA, Zhu R, Bozna BL, Polzella P, Cerundolo V, Hinterdorfer P. Nanomapping of CD1d-glycolipid complexes on THP1 cells by using simultaneous topography and recognition imaging. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:408-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rong Zhu
- Institute for Biophysics; University of Linz; Altenbergerstrasse 69; A-4040; Linz; Austria
| | - Bianca L. Bozna
- Institute for Biophysics; University of Linz; Altenbergerstrasse 69; A-4040; Linz; Austria
| | - Paolo Polzella
- Cancer Research UK Tumor Immunology Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford; OX3 9DS; UK
| | - Vicenzo Cerundolo
- Cancer Research UK Tumor Immunology Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford; OX3 9DS; UK
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4
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Van Rhijn I, Ly D, Moody DB. CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c in immunity against mycobacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 783:181-97. [PMID: 23468110 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The CD1 system is composed of five types of human CD1 proteins, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, and their mammalian orthologs. Each type of CD1 protein has a distinct antigen binding groove and shows differing patterns of expression within cells and in different tissues. Here we review the molecular mechanisms by which CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c capture distinct classes of self- and mycobacterial antigens. We discuss how CD1-restricted T cells participate in the immune response, emphasizing new evidence for mycobacterial recognition in vivo in human and non-human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Schouten B, van Esch BCAM, Lim SM, Hofman GA, Knippels LMJ, Willemsen LEM, Vos AP, Garssen J. Invariant natural killer T cells contribute to the allergic response in cow's milk protein-sensitized mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:51-9. [PMID: 22555211 DOI: 10.1159/000335242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the contribution of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in the onset of food allergy. Using a mouse model for cow's milk allergy the function of iNKT cells was investigated. METHODS Mice were sensitized orally with casein or whey proteins. One hour before the sensitizations the mice were injected intraperitoneally with α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) or control. One week after the last sensitization acute allergic skin reactions were measured. Furthermore, in the liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) percentages of iNKT cells were analyzed and liver lymphocyte restimulation assays were performed. RESULTS Whey- or casein-sensitized mice treated with αGalCer showed enhanced acute allergic skin reactions. The percentage of iNKT cells in the liver of sensitized mice was reduced compared to sham-sensitized mice. αGalCer treatment was found to deplete iNKT cells in the liver of sensitized as well as sham-sensitized mice, and these hepatocytes did not respond to ex vivo restimulation with αGalCer. αGalCer treatment did not reduce iNKT cell percentages in the spleen and MLN of sham-sensitized mice but abrogated the increase in iNKT cell percentage in the spleen upon whey sensitization, whereas it enhanced the iNKT cell percentage in the MLN of casein-sensitized mice. Due to the repeated application of αGalCer, livers were functionally depleted of iNKT cells. This resulted in an increased allergic effector response which was most pronounced in whey-sensitized mice and associated with enhanced whey-specific immunoglobulin levels. CONCLUSION iNKT cells may suppress cow's milk allergic symptoms in mice and may differentially regulate oral sensitization for casein and whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Schouten
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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6
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Al Omar SY, Marshall E, Middleton D, Christmas SE. Increased numbers but functional defects of CD56+CD3+ cells in lung cancer. Int Immunol 2012; 24:409-15. [PMID: 22366043 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD56+ T cells were studied in samples of peripheral blood from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with healthy controls. Relative numbers of CD56+CD3+ cells were increased in NSCLC (P = 0.001) and SCLC (P = 0.002) compared with normal subjects but their ability to respond to activation by up-regulating CD25 or producing IFN-γ were both significantly impaired. Expression of the killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor CD158a was significantly lower on CD56+CD3+ cells in SCLC than controls and also in early stage compared with late stage NSCLC patients. Mean levels of CD158e were higher in NSCLC patients than controls. CD158e levels on CD56+CD3+ cells were increased in the presence of its ligand HLA-Bw4 compared with controls. Although the precise role of CD56+CD3+ cells is not clear, they appear to be functionally impaired in lung cancer, which may have implications for a reduction of direct or indirect anti-tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Y Al Omar
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
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7
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Subleski JJ, Jiang Q, Weiss JM, Wiltrout RH. The split personality of NKT cells in malignancy, autoimmune and allergic disorders. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:1167-84. [PMID: 21995570 PMCID: PMC3230042 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are a heterogeneous subset of specialized, self-reactive T cells, with innate and adaptive immune properties, which allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity and profoundly influence autoimmune and malignant disease outcomes. NKT cells mediate these activities through their ability to rapidly express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that influence the type and magnitude of the immune response. Not only do NKT cells regulate the functions of other cell types, but experimental evidence has found NKT cell subsets can modulate the functions of other NKT subsets. Depending on underlying mechanisms, NKT cells can inhibit or exacerbate autoimmunity and malignancy, making them potential targets for disease intervention. NKT cells can respond to foreign and endogenous antigenic glycolipid signals that are expressed during pathogenic invasion or ongoing inflammation, respectively, allowing them to rapidly react to and influence a broad array of diseases. In this article we review the unique development and activation pathways of NKT cells and focus on how these attributes augment or exacerbate autoimmune disorders and malignancy. We also examine the growing evidence that NKT cells are involved in liver inflammatory conditions that can contribute to the development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Subleski
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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8
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Kuylenstierna C, Björkström NK, Andersson SK, Sahlström P, Bosnjak L, Paquin-Proulx D, Malmberg KJ, Ljunggren HG, Moll M, Sandberg JK. NKG2D performs two functions in invariant NKT cells: direct TCR-independent activation of NK-like cytolysis and co-stimulation of activation by CD1d. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1913-23. [PMID: 21590763 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invariant NKT cells are important in the activation and regulation of immune responses. They can also function as CD1d-restricted killer cells. However, the role of activating innate NK-cell receptors expressed on NKT cells in triggering cytolytic function is poorly characterized. Here, we initially confirmed that the cellular stress-ligand receptor NKG2D is expressed on CD4- NKT cells, whereas most CD4+ NKT cells lack this receptor. Interestingly, NKG2D+ NKT cells frequently expressed perforin, and both NKG2D and perforin localized at the site of contact with NKG2D ligand-expressing target cells. CD4- NKT cells degranulated in response to NKG2D engagement in a redirected activation assay independent of stimulation via their invariant TCR. NKT cells killed P815 cells coated with anti-NKG2D mAb and CD1d-negative K562 tumor target cells in an NKG2D-dependent manner. Furthermore, NKG2D engagement co-stimulated TCR-mediated NKT-cell activation in response to endogenous CD1d-presented ligands or suboptimal levels of anti-CD3 triggering. These data indicate that the CD4- subset of human NKT cells can mediate direct lysis of target cells via NKG2D engagement independent of CD1d, and that NKG2D also functions as a co-stimulatory receptor in these cells. NKG2D thus plays both a direct and a co-stimulatory role in the activation of NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Kuylenstierna
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Park JJ, Lee JH, Seo KC, Bricard G, Venkataswamy MM, Porcelli SA, Chung SK. Syntheses and biological activities of KRN7000 analogues having aromatic residues in the acyl and backbone chains with varying stereochemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:814-8. [PMID: 20061147 PMCID: PMC5584937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
KRN7000 is an important ligand identified for CD1d protein of APC, and KRN7000/CD1d complex can stimulate NKT cells to release a broad range of bioactive cytokines. In an effort to understand the structure-activity relationships, we have carried out syntheses of 26 new KRN7000 analogues incorporating aromatic residues in either or both side chains. Structural variations of the phytosphingosine moiety also include varying stereochemistry at C3 and C4, and 4-deoxy and 3,4-dideoxy versions. Their biological activities are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel Bricard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sung-Kee Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ilan Y. Alpha versus beta: are we on the way to resolve the mystery as to which is the endogenous ligand for natural killer T cells? Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:300-7. [PMID: 19793337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes are a unique subset of cells that play a role in regulating the immune system. For the past decade, studies have focused upon attempts to define these cells and to determine the ligand(s) that are required for their development and peripheral activation. Many research groups have focused upon determining the mechanisms for activating or inhibiting NKT cells in an attempt to control immune-mediated disorders as well as infectious and malignant conditions by using different ligand structures. Alpha-anomeric glycolipids and phospholipids derived from mammalian, bacterial, protozoan and plant species have been suggested as potential ligands for these lymphocytes. Some of these ligands were structured in forms that can bind to CD1d molecules. The lack of alpha-anomeric glycosphingolipids in mammals and the modest effect of these ligands in human studies, along with recent data from animal models and humans on the NKT-dependent immunomodulatory effect of beta-glycosphingolipids, suggest that the beta-anomeric ligands have the potential to be the endogenous NKT ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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11
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Oral administration of OKT3 monoclonal antibody to human subjects induces a dose-dependent immunologic effect in T cells and dendritic cells. J Clin Immunol 2009; 30:167-77. [PMID: 19756989 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parenteral OKT3 is used to treat transplant rejection and a humanized anti-CD3 Mab has shown positive clinical effects in new onset diabetes. Oral administration of anti-CD3 has not been tested in humans, but suppresses autoimmunity in animal models. Beta-glucosylceramide enhances NKT cell and regulatory T cell activity and enhances the effects of oral anti-CD3 in animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers (three per group) received orally administered OKT3 over a dose range of 0.2 to 5.0 mg daily with or without beta-glucosylceramide 7.5 mg for 5 days. Safety and immune parameters were measured on days 5, 10, and 30. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Oral OKT3 enhanced T cell proliferation, suppressed Th1 and Th17 responses by 43% and 41%, respectively, increased TGF-beta/IL-10 expression and decreased IL-23/IL-6 expression by dendritic cells, and affected the IgG repertoire as measured by antigen arrays. Co-administration of oral beta-glucosylceramide induced similar effects. No side effects were observed and no subjects developed human anti-mouse antibodies. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that oral anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody is safe and biologically active in humans and presents a new avenue for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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12
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Moll M, Kuylenstierna C, Gonzalez VD, Andersson SK, Bosnjak L, Sönnerborg A, Quigley MF, Sandberg JK. Severe functional impairment and elevated PD-1 expression in CD1d-restricted NKT cells retained during chronic HIV-1 infection. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:902-11. [PMID: 19197939 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invariant CD1d-restricted NKT cells play important roles in regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. They are targeted by HIV-1 infection and severely reduced in number or even lost in many infected subjects. Here, we have investigated the characteristics of NKT cells retained by some patients despite chronic HIV-1 infection. NKT cells preserved under these circumstances displayed an impaired ability to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma in response to CD1d-restricted lipid antigen as compared with cells from uninfected control subjects. HIV-1 infection was associated with an elevated expression of the inhibitory programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor (CD279) on the CD4(-) subset of NKT cells. However, blocking experiments indicated that the functional defects in NKT cells were largely PD-1-independent. Furthermore, the elevated PD-1 expression and the functional defects were not restored by anti-retroviral treatment, and the NKT cell numbers in blood did not recover significantly in response to treatment. The functional phenotype of NKT cells in these patients suggests an irreversible immune exhaustion due to chronic activation in vivo. The data demonstrate a severe functional impairment in the remaining NKT-cell compartment in HIV-1-infected patients, which limits the prospects to mobilize these cells in immunotherapy approaches in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Moll
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Olson CM, Bates TC, Izadi H, Radolf JD, Huber SA, Boyson JE, Anguita J. Local production of IFN-gamma by invariant NKT cells modulates acute Lyme carditis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 182:3728-34. [PMID: 19265151 PMCID: PMC2679988 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is the only known human pathogen that directly activates invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. The number and activation kinetics of iNKT cells vary greatly among different strains of mice. We now report the role of the iNKT cell response in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease using C57BL/6 mice, a strain with optimal iNKT cell activation that is resistant to the development of spirochetal-induced inflammation. During experimental infection of B6 mice with B. burgdorferi, iNKT cells localize to the inflamed heart where they are activated by CD1d-expressing macrophages. Activation of iNKT cells in vivo results in the production of IFN-gamma, which we demonstrate ameliorates the severity of murine Lyme carditis by at least two mechanisms. First, IFN-gamma enhances the recognition of B. burgdorferi by macrophages, leading to increased phagocytosis of the spirochete. Second, IFN-gamma activation of macrophages increases the surface expression of CD1d, thereby facilitating further iNKT activation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that in the resistant background, B6, iNKT cells modulate the severity of murine Lyme carditis through the action of IFN-gamma, which appears to self-renew through a positive feedback loop during infection.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD1d/genetics
- Antigens, CD1d/physiology
- Borrelia burgdorferi/immunology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Feedback, Physiological/genetics
- Feedback, Physiological/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Lyme Disease/immunology
- Lyme Disease/metabolism
- Lyme Disease/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophage Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocarditis/immunology
- Myocarditis/metabolism
- Myocarditis/therapy
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Natural Killer T-Cells/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M. Olson
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Tonya C. Bates
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Hooman Izadi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Justin D. Radolf
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05401
| | - Jonathan E. Boyson
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05401
| | - Juan Anguita
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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To K, Agrotis A, Besra G, Bobik A, Toh BH. NKT cell subsets mediate differential proatherogenic effects in ApoE-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:671-7. [PMID: 19251589 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.182592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NKT cells promote atherogenesis, but the subtypes responsible have not been identified. We investigated 2 major NKT cell subtypes (CD4+ and DN NKT) in ApoE-/- mice rendered NKT cell-deficient by day-3 neonatal thymectomy (3dTx). METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis development was studied in thymectomized ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet with/without adoptively transferred NKT cells. We demonstrate NKT cell deficiency in thymectomized mice and markedly smaller atherosclerotic lesions. The reduction in lesion size was reversed by adoptive transfer of liver-derived NKT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD4+, but not DN NKT cells, into 3dTx ApoE-/- mice increased lesion size 2.5-fold. The differential effects were not attributable to differences in homing to developing atherosclerotic lesions. DN NKT cells expressed at least 3-fold higher levels of inhibitory Ly49 receptors (Ly49A, Ly49C/I, and Ly49G2) than CD4+ NKT cells, and lesions expressed large amounts of their MHC class I ligand. In vitro these inhibitory receptors initiated greater effects in DN NKT cells. Culture of each NKT cell subset with TAP-deficient (MHC class I-deficient) dendritic cells and alpha-GalCer led to secretion of similar amounts of proatherogenic cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF but, when cultured with MHC class I-positive dendritic cells, CD4+ NKT cells secreted more of these cytokines. CONCLUSIONS CD4+ NKT cells are responsible for the proatherogenic activity of NKT cells. Expression of inhibitory Ly49 receptors by the subtypes appears responsible for regulating their secretion of proatherogenic cytokines and their differential proatherogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly To
- Vascular Biology & Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia.
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15
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Dhodapkar MV. Harnessing human CD1d restricted T cells for tumor immunity: progress and challenges. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2009; 14:796-807. [PMID: 19273100 DOI: 10.2741/3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipid reactive CD1d restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells represent a distinct population of T cells implicated in the regulation of immune responses in a broad range of diseases including cancer. Several studies have demonstrated the capacity of NKT cells bearing an invariant T cell receptor (iNKT cells) to recruit both innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity and mediate tumor rejection in mice. Early phase clinical studies in humans have demonstrated the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to mediate expansion of NKT cells in vivo. However several challenges need to be overcome in order to effectively harness the properties of these cells in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Hematology Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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16
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2007 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:355-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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NKT lymphocyte polarization determined by microenvironment signaling: a role for CD8+ lymphocytes and beta-glycosphingolipids. J Autoimmun 2008; 31:188-95. [PMID: 18710796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T-cell (NKT) regulatory lymphocytes have been shown to behave differently in various immune settings. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of microenvironmental signaling on NKT polarization and the process of active CD8 and NKT intrahepatic lymphocyte sequestration. In an in vitro assay, double negative (DN) NKT hybridoma cells were incubated with Hep3B hepatoma cells. This caused a significant increase in the secretion of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) from Hep3B cells. When NKT cells were exposed to beta-glucoslyceramide (beta-GC) prior to incubation, Hep3B cells exhibited increased proliferation, increased IFN secretion, and reduced AFP secretion. In vivo, the adoptive transfer of naïve DN NKT cells into athymic nude-nu mice transplanted with human Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused accelerated tumor growth. This effect was inhibited by prior ex vivo exposure of DN NKT lymphocytes to beta-GC. To assess the effect of the immunological environment on NKT cells, immune mediated hepatitis and colitis were induced simultaneously in mice. Induction of TNBS colitis prior to administration of concanavalin A (Con A) hepatitis resulted in an aggravation of the liver damage caused by Con A hepatitis alone. This effect was associated with reduced intrahepatic CD8+ T cell trapping and an increase in intrahepatic NKT cells. The presence of different ligands altered host microenvironment signaling and influenced the fate and polarization of NKT cells and the sequestration of active intrahepatic lymphocytes. These data support the notion that NKT regulatory lymphocytes have an inherent plasticity that may be important for their regulatory function.
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18
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Park JJ, Lee JH, Ghosh SC, Bricard G, Venkataswamy MM, Porcelli SA, Chung SK. Synthesis of all stereoisomers of KRN7000, the CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3906-9. [PMID: 18586489 PMCID: PMC2754801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
KRN7000 is an important ligand identified for CD1d protein of APC, and KRN7000/CD1d complex can stimulate NKT cells to release Th1 and Th2 cytokines. In an effort to understand the structure-activity relationships, we have carried out the synthesis of a complete set of the eight KRN7000 stereoisomers, and their biological activities have been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Subhash Ch. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Gabriel Bricard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, USA
| | - Sung-Kee Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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19
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Wun KS, Borg NA, Kjer-Nielsen L, Beddoe T, Koh R, Richardson SK, Thakur M, Howell AR, Scott-Browne JP, Gapin L, Godfrey DI, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J. A minimal binding footprint on CD1d-glycolipid is a basis for selection of the unique human NKT TCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:939-49. [PMID: 18378792 PMCID: PMC2292230 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been established how CD1 binds a variety of lipid antigens (Ag), data are only now emerging that show how alphabeta T cell receptors (TCRs) interact with CD1-Ag. Using the structure of the human semiinvariant NKT TCR-CD1d-alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) complex as a guide, we undertook an alanine scanning mutagenesis approach to define the energetic basis of this interaction between the NKT TCR and CD1d. Moreover, we explored how analogues of alpha-GalCer affected this interaction. The data revealed that an identical energetic footprint underpinned the human and mouse NKT TCR-CD1d-alpha-GalCer cross-reactivity. Some, but not all, of the contact residues within the Jalpha18-encoded invariant CDR3alpha loop and Vbeta11-encoded CDR2beta loop were critical for recognizing CD1d. The residues within the Valpha24-encoded CDR1alpha and CDR3alpha loops that contacted the glycolipid Ag played a smaller energetic role compared with the NKT TCR residues that contacted CD1d. Collectively, our data reveal that the region distant to the protruding Ag and directly above the F' pocket of CD1d was the principal factor in the interaction with the NKT TCR. Accordingly, although the structural footprint at the NKT TCR-CD1d-alpha-GalCer is small, the energetic footprint is smaller still, and reveals the minimal requirements for CD1d restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok S Wun
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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