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Porpiglia E, Mai T, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, de Morree A, Gonzalez VD, Hilgendorf KI, Frésard L, Trejo A, Bhimaraju S, Jackson PK, Fantl WJ, Blau HM. Elevated CD47 is a hallmark of dysfunctional aged muscle stem cells that can be targeted to augment regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1653-1668.e8. [PMID: 36384141 PMCID: PMC9746883 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In aging, skeletal muscle strength and regenerative capacity decline, due in part to functional impairment of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we capitalize on mass cytometry to identify high CD47 expression as a hallmark of dysfunctional MuSCs (CD47hi) with impaired regenerative capacity that predominate with aging. The prevalent CD47hi MuSC subset suppresses the residual functional CD47lo MuSC subset through a paracrine signaling loop, leading to impaired proliferation. We uncover that elevated CD47 levels on aged MuSCs result from increased U1 snRNA expression, which disrupts alternative polyadenylation. The deficit in aged MuSC function in regeneration can be overcome either by morpholino-mediated blockade of CD47 alternative polyadenylation or antibody blockade of thrombospondin-1/CD47 signaling, leading to improved regeneration in aged mice, with therapeutic implications. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized age-dependent alteration in CD47 levels and function in MuSCs, which underlies reduced muscle repair in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Porpiglia
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Thach Mai
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peggy Kraft
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colin A Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antoine de Morree
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Nolan Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keren I Hilgendorf
- Jackson Laboratory, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laure Frésard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angelica Trejo
- Nolan Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sriram Bhimaraju
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Jackson Laboratory, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Delgado-Gonzalez A, Laz-Ruiz JA, Cano-Cortes MV, Huang YW, Gonzalez VD, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Fantl WJ, Sanchez-Martin RM. Hybrid Fluorescent Mass-Tag Nanotrackers as Universal Reagents for Long-Term Live-Cell Barcoding. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10626-10635. [PMID: 35866879 PMCID: PMC9352147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Barcoding and pooling cells for processing as a composite
sample
are critical to minimize technical variability in multiplex technologies.
Fluorescent cell barcoding has been established as a standard method
for multiplexing in flow cytometry analysis. In parallel, mass-tag
barcoding is routinely used to label cells for mass cytometry. Barcode
reagents currently used label intracellular proteins in fixed and
permeabilized cells and, therefore, are not suitable for studies with
live cells in long-term culture prior to analysis. In this study,
we report the development of fluorescent palladium-based hybrid-tag
nanotrackers to barcode live cells for flow and mass cytometry dual-modal
readout. We describe the preparation, physicochemical characterization,
efficiency of cell internalization, and durability of these nanotrackers
in live cells cultured over time. In addition, we demonstrate their
compatibility with standardized cytometry reagents and protocols.
Finally, we validated these nanotrackers for drug response assays
during a long-term coculture experiment with two barcoded cell lines.
This method represents a new and widely applicable advance for fluorescent
and mass-tag barcoding that is independent of protein expression levels
and can be used to label cells before long-term drug studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Delgado-Gonzalez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Gov-ernment, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry applied to Biomedi-cine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Grana-da, 18012 Granada, Spain.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jose Antonio Laz-Ruiz
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Gov-ernment, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry applied to Biomedi-cine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Grana-da, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - M Victoria Cano-Cortes
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Gov-ernment, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry applied to Biomedi-cine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Grana-da, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juan Jose Diaz-Mochon
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Gov-ernment, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry applied to Biomedi-cine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Grana-da, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Rosario M Sanchez-Martin
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Gov-ernment, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry applied to Biomedi-cine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Grana-da, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Abstract
Trogocytosis is an active transport mechanism by which one cell extracts a plasma membrane fragment with embedded molecules from an adjacent cell in a contact-dependent process leading to the acquisition of a new function. Our protocol, which has general applicability, consolidates and optimizes existing protocols while highlighting key experimental variables to demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells acquire the tetraspanin CD9 by trogocytosis from ovarian tumor cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gonzalez et al. (2021). Protocol to measure contact-dependent transfer of plasma membrane fragments Conditions optimized for ovarian tumor and NK cell cocultures and single-cell analysis Use of a membrane barrier and cytoskeletal inhibitors to block trogocytosis Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to visualize transfer of membrane fragments
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Delgado-Gonzalez
- Deparment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Deparment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ermelinda Porpiglia
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenyi Donoso
- Deparment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica D. Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wendy J. Fantl
- Deparment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author
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4
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Gonzalez VD, Huang YW, Fantl WJ. Correction to: Mass Cytometry for the Characterization of Individual Cell Types in Ovarian Solid Tumors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2424:C1. [PMID: 35357688 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1956-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- 10X Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Urology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Mass cytometry aka Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (CyTOF) is one of several recently developed multiparametric single-cell technologies designed to address cellular heterogeneity within healthy and diseased tissue. Mass cytometry is an adaptation of flow cytometry in which antibodies are labeled with stable heavy metal isotopes and the readout is by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. With minimal spillover between channels, mass cytometry enables readouts of up to 60 parameters per single cell. Critically, mass cytometry can identify minority cell populations that are lost in bulk tissue analysis. Mass cytometry has been used to great effect for the study of immune cells. We have extended its use to examine single cells within disaggregated solid tissues, specifically freshly resected tubo-ovarian high-grade serous tumors. Here we detail our protocols designed to ensure the production of high-quality single-cell datasets. The methodology can be modified to accommodate the study of other solid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- 10X Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Urology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Gonzalez VD, Huang YW, Delgado-Gonzalez A, Chen SY, Donoso K, Sachs K, Gentles AJ, Allard GM, Kolahi KS, Howitt BE, Porpiglia E, Fantl WJ. High-grade serous ovarian tumor cells modulate NK cell function to create an immune-tolerant microenvironment. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109632. [PMID: 34469729 PMCID: PMC8546503 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade despite significant frequencies of exhausted T cells. Here we apply mass cytometry and uncover decidual-like natural killer (dl-NK) cell subpopulations (CD56+CD9+CXCR3+KIR+CD3-CD16-) in newly diagnosed HGSC samples that correlate with both tumor and transitioning epithelial-mesenchymal cell abundance. We show different combinatorial expression patterns of ligands for activating and inhibitory NK receptors within three HGSC tumor compartments: epithelial (E), transitioning epithelial-mesenchymal (EV), and mesenchymal (vimentin expressing [V]), with a more inhibitory ligand phenotype in V cells. In cocultures, NK-92 natural killer cells acquire CD9 from HGSC tumor cells by trogocytosis, resulting in reduced anti-tumor cytokine production and cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity in these cocultures is restored with a CD9-blocking antibody or CD9 CRISPR knockout, thereby identifying mechanisms of immune suppression in HGSC. CD9 is widely expressed in HGSC tumors and so represents an important new therapeutic target with immediate relevance for NK immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carboplatin/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/immunology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Tetraspanin 29/metabolism
- Trogocytosis
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenyi Donoso
- Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karen Sachs
- Next Generation Analytics, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Department of Medicine (Quantitative Sciences Unit, Biomedical Informatics) Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grace M Allard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin S Kolahi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ermelinda Porpiglia
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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Gonzalez VD, Chen SY, Huang YW, Delgado A, Sachs K, Nolan GP, Fantl WJ. Abstract PR08: High-grade serous ovarian tumor cells modulate natural killer cells to create an immune-tolerant microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovca19-pr08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although the immunogenicity of HGSOC is well documented, responses to immunotherapy for HGSOC have been disappointing. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the cell types within the HGSOC tumor immune microenvironment could assist in identifying predictive mechanistic biomarkers to select patients likely to gain the most benefit from immunotherapy. Since their discovery in 1975, natural killer (NK) cells, an innate immune cell type, have been recognized to possess potent antitumor activity. NK cells are mechanistically distinct from T lymphocytes in that their killing activity is not mediated by high-resolution antigen specificity but through intracellular signaling by multiple germline cell surface receptors with both killing and inhibitory activities. These dual effector functions endow NK cells with roles in both immune surveillance to eradicate tumor cells and conversely with the creation of an immune tolerant microenvironment facilitating tumor progression. The balance between activating and inhibitory cell surface NK receptors determines which of these functions dominates. We recently published the first mass cytometry (aka CyTOF) study of newly diagnosed HGSOC tumors that focused on the tumor cells. We have now analyzed the CyTOF data of the immune cell infiltrate for the same set of tumors. To examine relationships between tumor and immune cell types, we performed extensive pairwise correlation analyses. In addition to correlations between tumor cell types and exhausted T-cell subpopulations, we observed strong positive correlations between different NK cell subpopulations with both overall tumor cell abundance and with tumor cells coexpressing E-cadherin and vimentin (EV cells). The latter are likely undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and contributing to tumor progression. Intriguingly, the phenotype of the NK cell subpopulations resembled decidual NK cells. Decidual NK cells play a critical role in early pregnancy by conferring immune tolerance toward the hemi-allogeneic fetus. Our analysis suggests that the same features of immune tolerance could be subverted for HGSOC tumor maintenance and/or progression from the epithelial to metastatic state. Herein, we identify the phenotypes of the NK cells infiltrating HGSOC tumors and integrate these data with our CyTOF analysis of NK receptor ligands expressed by the tumor cells. Furthermore, CyTOF analysis of cocultures between HGSOC tumor and NK cell lines provides mechanistic insight as to how HGSOC tumor cells might direct NK cell function to create an immunosuppressive environment favoring tumor survival. NK cells are now at the center of a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches to exploit their tumor cell-killing activity. The data from this study could provide critical information about unappreciated adversity within the tumor immune microenvironment, which needs to be overcome for optimizing NK cell-based immunotherapy.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B57.
Citation Format: Veronica D. Gonzalez, Shih-Yu Chen, Ying-Wen Huang, Antonio Delgado, Karen Sachs, Garry P. Nolan, Wendy J. Fantl. High-grade serous ovarian tumor cells modulate natural killer cells to create an immune-tolerant microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr PR08.
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8
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Naluyima P, Lal KG, Costanzo MC, Kijak GH, Gonzalez VD, Blom K, Eller LA, Creegan M, Hong T, Kim D, Quinn TC, Björkström NK, Ljunggren HG, Serwadda D, Katabira ET, Sewankambo NK, Gray RH, Baeten JM, Michael NL, Wabwire-Mangen F, Robb ML, Bolton DL, Sandberg JK, Eller MA. Terminal Effector CD8 T Cells Defined by an IKZF2 +IL-7R - Transcriptional Signature Express FcγRIIIA, Expand in HIV Infection, and Mediate Potent HIV-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. J Immunol 2019; 203:2210-2221. [PMID: 31519862 PMCID: PMC6778306 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 is associated with increased levels of FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells. FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells display an innate transcriptomic profile akin to NK cells. ADCC is mediated by FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells at levels comparable with NK cells.
HIV-1 infection expands large populations of late-stage differentiated CD8 T cells that may persist long after viral escape from TCR recognition. In this study, we investigated whether such CD8 T cell populations can perform unconventional innate-like antiviral effector functions. Chronic untreated HIV-1 infection was associated with elevated numbers of CD45RA+CD57+ terminal effector CD8 T cells expressing FcγRIIIA (CD16). The FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells displayed a distinctive transcriptional profile between conventional CD8 T cells and NK cells, characterized by high levels of IKZF2 and low expression of IL7R. This transcriptional profile translated into a distinct NKp80+ IL-7Rα− surface phenotype with high expression of the Helios transcription factor. Interestingly, the FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells mediated HIV-specific Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity at levels comparable with NK cells on a per cell basis. The FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells were highly activated in a manner that correlated positively with expansion of the CD8 T cell compartment and with plasma levels of soluble mediators of antiviral immunity and inflammation such as IP-10, TNF, IL-6, and TNFRII. The frequency of FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells persisted as patients initiated suppressive antiretroviral therapy, although their activation levels declined. These data indicate that terminally differentiated effector CD8 T cells acquire enhanced innate cell-like characteristics during chronic viral infection and suggest that HIV-specific ADCC is a function CD8 T cells use to target HIV-infected cells. Furthermore, as the FcγRIIIA+ CD8 T cells persist in treatment, they contribute significantly to the ADCC-capable effector cell pool in patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prossy Naluyima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerri G Lal
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Margaret C Costanzo
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Gustavo H Kijak
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Dohoon Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852.,School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Serwadda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Elly T Katabira
- Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelson K Sewankambo
- Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald H Gray
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jared M Baeten
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195; and.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | | | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Diane L Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910; .,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
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9
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Gonzalez VD, Samusik N, Chen TJ, Savig ES, Aghaeepour N, Quigley DA, Huang YW, Giangarrà V, Borowsky AD, Hubbard NE, Chen SY, Han G, Ashworth A, Kipps TJ, Berek JS, Nolan GP, Fantl WJ. Commonly Occurring Cell Subsets in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Tumors Identified by Single-Cell Mass Cytometry. Cell Rep 2018; 22:1875-1888. [PMID: 29444438 PMCID: PMC8556706 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have performed an in-depth single-cell phenotypic characterization of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) by multiparametric mass cytometry (CyTOF). Using a CyTOF antibody panel to interrogate features of HGSOC biology, combined with unsupervised computational analysis, we identified noteworthy cell types co-occurring across the tumors. In addition to a dominant cell subset, each tumor harbored rarer cell phenotypes. One such group co-expressed E-cadherin and vimentin (EV), suggesting their potential role in epithelial mesenchymal transition, which was substantiated by pairwise correlation analyses. Furthermore, tumors from patients with poorer outcome had an increased frequency of another rare cell type that co-expressed vimentin, HE4, and cMyc. These poorer-outcome tumors also populated more cell phenotypes, as quantified by Simpson's diversity index. Thus, despite the recognized genomic complexity of the disease, the specific cell phenotypes uncovered here offer a focus for therapeutic intervention and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nikolay Samusik
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tiffany J Chen
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erica S Savig
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Valeria Giangarrà
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Neil E Hubbard
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guojun Han
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan S Berek
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Han G, Chen SY, Gonzalez VD, Zunder ER, Fantl WJ, Nolan GP. Atomic mass tag of bismuth-209 for increasing the immunoassay multiplexing capacity of mass cytometry. Cytometry A 2017; 91:1150-1163. [PMID: 29205767 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (or CyTOF) is an atomic mass spectrometry-based single-cell immunoassay technology, which has provided an increasingly systematic and sophisticated view in basic biological and clinical studies. Using elemental reporters composed of stable heavy metal isotopes, more than 50 cellular parameters are measured simultaneously. However, this current multiplexing does not meet the theoretical capability of CyTOF instrumentation with 135 detectable channels, primarily due to the limitation of available chemistries for conjugating elemental mass tags to affinity reagents. To address this issue, we develop herein additional metallic mass tag based on bismuth-209 (209 Bi) for efficient conjugation to monoclonal antibody. This enables the use of an addtional channel m/z = 209 of CyTOF for single-cell immunoassays. Bismuth has nearly the same charge-to-radius ratio as lanthanide elements; thus, bismuth(III) cations (209 Bi3+ ) could coordinate with DTPA chelators in the same geometry of O- and N-donor groups as that of lanthanide. In this report, the coordination chemistry of 209 Bi3+ with DTPA chelators and Maxpar® X8 polymers were investigated in details. Accordingly, the protocols of conjugating antibody with bismuth mass tag were provided. A method based on UV-Vis absorbance at 280 nm of 209 Bi3+ -labeling DTPA complexes was developed to evaluate the stoichiometric ratio of 209 Bi3+ cations to the conjugated antibody. Side-by-side single-cell analysis experiments with bismuth- and lanthanide-tagged antibodies were carried out to compare the analytical sensitivities. The measurement accuracy of bismuth-tagged antibody was validated within in vitro assay using primary human natural killer cells. Furthermore, bismuth-tagged antibodies were successfully employed in cell cycle measurements and high-dimensional phenotyping immunoassays. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Han
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Eli R Zunder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
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11
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Burns TJ, Frei AP, Gherardini PF, Bava FA, Batchelder JE, Yoshiyasu Y, Yu JM, Groziak AR, Kimmey SC, Gonzalez VD, Fantl WJ, Nolan GP. High-throughput precision measurement of subcellular localization in single cells. Cytometry A 2017; 91:180-189. [PMID: 28094900 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To quantify visual and spatial information in single cells with a throughput of thousands of cells per second, we developed Subcellular Localization Assay (SLA). This adaptation of Proximity Ligation Assay expands the capabilities of flow cytometry to include data relating to localization of proteins to and within organelles. We used SLA to detect the nuclear import of transcription factors across cell subsets in complex samples. We further measured intranuclear re-localization of target proteins across the cell cycle and upon DNA damage induction. SLA combines multiple single-cell methods to bring about a new dimension of inquiry and analysis in complex cell populations. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Burns
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Pier F Gherardini
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Felice A Bava
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Jake E Batchelder
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Yuki Yoshiyasu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Julie M Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Samuel C Kimmey
- Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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12
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Marquardt N, Ivarsson MA, Blom K, Gonzalez VD, Braun M, Falconer K, Gustafsson R, Fogdell-Hahn A, Sandberg JK, Michaëlsson J. The Human NK Cell Response to Yellow Fever Virus 17D Is Primarily Governed by NK Cell Differentiation Independently of NK Cell Education. J Immunol 2015; 195:3262-72. [PMID: 26283480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NK cells play an important role in the defense against viral infections. However, little is known about the regulation of NK cell responses during the first days of acute viral infections in humans. In this study, we used the live attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine 17D as a human in vivo model to study the temporal dynamics and regulation of NK cell responses in an acute viral infection. YFV induced a robust NK cell response in vivo, with an early activation and peak in NK cell function at day 6, followed by a delayed peak in Ki67 expression, which was indicative of proliferation, at day 10. The in vivo NK cell response correlated positively with plasma type I/III IFN levels at day 6, as well as with the viral load. YFV induced an increased functional responsiveness to IL-12 and IL-18, as well as to K562 cells, indicating that the NK cells were primed in vivo. The NK cell responses were associated primarily with the stage of differentiation, because the magnitude of induced Ki67 and CD69 expression was distinctly higher in CD57(-) NK cells. In contrast, NK cells expressing self- and nonself-HLA class I-binding inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors contributed, to a similar degree, to the response. Taken together, our results indicate that NK cells are primed by type I/III IFN in vivo early after YFV infection and that their response is governed primarily by the differentiation stage, independently of killer cell Ig-like receptor/HLA class I-mediated inhibition or education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Marquardt
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Martin A Ivarsson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Kim Blom
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Monika Braun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Karolin Falconer
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Rasmus Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; and
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13
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Zunder ER, Finck R, Behbehani GK, Amir EAD, Krishnaswamy S, Gonzalez VD, Lorang CG, Bjornson Z, Spitzer MH, Bodenmiller B, Fantl WJ, Pe'er D, Nolan GP. Palladium-based mass tag cell barcoding with a doublet-filtering scheme and single-cell deconvolution algorithm. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:316-33. [PMID: 25612231 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass-tag cell barcoding (MCB) labels individual cell samples with unique combinatorial barcodes, after which they are pooled for processing and measurement as a single multiplexed sample. The MCB method eliminates variability between samples in antibody staining and instrument sensitivity, reduces antibody consumption and shortens instrument measurement time. Here we present an optimized MCB protocol. The use of palladium-based labeling reagents expands the number of measurement channels available for mass cytometry and reduces interference with lanthanide-based antibody measurement. An error-detecting combinatorial barcoding scheme allows cell doublets to be identified and removed from the analysis. A debarcoding algorithm that is single cell-based rather than population-based improves the accuracy and efficiency of sample deconvolution. This debarcoding algorithm has been packaged into software that allows rapid and unbiased sample deconvolution. The MCB procedure takes 3-4 h, not including sample acquisition time of ∼1 h per million cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli R Zunder
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rachel Finck
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gregory K Behbehani
- 1] Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - El-Ad D Amir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cynthia G Lorang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zach Bjornson
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Sandberg JK, Falconer K, Gonzalez VD. Chronic immune activation in the T cell compartment of HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients. Virulence 2014; 1:177-9. [DOI: 10.4161/viru.1.3.11206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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15
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Blom K, Braun M, Ivarsson MA, Gonzalez VD, Falconer K, Moll M, Ljunggren HG, Michaëlsson J, Sandberg JK. Temporal dynamics of the primary human T cell response to yellow fever virus 17D as it matures from an effector- to a memory-type response. J Immunol 2013; 190:2150-8. [PMID: 23338234 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The live attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV) 17D vaccine provides a good model to study immune responses to an acute viral infection in humans. We studied the temporal dynamics, composition, and character of the primary human T cell response to YFV. The acute YFV-specific effector CD8 T cell response was broad and complex; it was composed of dominant responses that persisted into the memory population, as well as of transient subdominant responses that were not detected at the memory stage. Furthermore, HLA-A2- and HLA-B7-restricted YFV epitope-specific effector cells predominantly displayed a CD45RA(-)CCR7(-)PD-1(+)CD27(high) phenotype, which transitioned into a CD45RA(+)CCR7(-)PD-1(-)CD27(low) memory population phenotype. The functional profile of the YFV-specific CD8 T cell response changed in composition as it matured from an effector- to a memory-type response, and it tended to become less polyfunctional during the course of this transition. Interestingly, activation of CD4 T cells, as well as FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells, in response to YFV vaccination preceded the kinetics of the CD8 T cell response. The present results contribute to our understanding of how immunodominance patterns develop, as well as the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the primary human T cell response to a viral infection as it evolves and matures into memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Thomas E, Gonzalez VD, Li Q, Modi AA, Chen W, Noureddin M, Rotman Y, Liang TJ. HCV infection induces a unique hepatic innate immune response associated with robust production of type III interferons. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:978-88. [PMID: 22248663 PMCID: PMC3435150 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Polymorphisms in the IL28B gene have been associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV), indicating a role for type III interferons (IFNs) in HCV infection. Little is known about the function of type III IFNs in intrinsic antiviral innate immunity. METHODS We used in vivo and in vitro models to characterize the role of the type III IFNs in HCV infection and analyzed gene expression in liver biopsy samples from HCV-infected chimpanzees and patients. Messenger RNA and protein expression were studied in HCV-infected hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS HCV infection of primary human hepatocytes induced production of chemokines and type III IFNs, including interleukin (IL)-28, and led to expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Chimpanzees infected with HCV showed rapid induction of hepatic type III IFN, associated with up-regulation of ISGs and minimal induction of type I IFNs. In liver biopsy specimens from HCV-infected patients, hepatic expression of IL-28 correlated with levels of ISGs but not of type I IFNs. HCV infection produced extensive changes with gene expression in addition to ISGs in primary human hepatocytes. The induction of type III IFNs is regulated by IFN regulatory factor 3 and nuclear factor κB. Type III IFNs up-regulate ISGs with a different kinetic profile than type 1 IFNs and induce a distinct set of genes, which might account for their functional differences. CONCLUSIONS HCV infection results predominantly in induction of type III IFNs in livers of humans and chimpanzees; the level of induction correlates with hepatic levels of ISGs. These findings might account for the association among IL-28, level of ISGs, and recovery from HCV infection and provide a therapeutic strategy for patients who do not respond to IFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Thomas
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Mellberg T, Gonzalez VD, Lindkvist A, Edén A, Sönnerborg A, Sandberg JK, Svennerholm B, Gisslén M. Rebound of residual plasma viremia after initial decrease following addition of intravenous immunoglobulin to effective antiretroviral treatment of HIV. AIDS Res Ther 2011; 8:21. [PMID: 21708049 PMCID: PMC3136401 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High dosage of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been observed as a possible activator of HIV gene expression in latently infected resting CD4+ T-cells, leading to a substantial decrease in both the reservoir and the residual plasma viremia when added to effective ART. IVIG treatment has also been reported to expand T regulatory cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to evaluate possible long-term effect of IVIG treatment on residual viremia and T-lymphocyte activation. Methods Nine HIV-infected subjects on effective ART included in a previously reported study on IVIG treatment were evaluated 48-104 weeks after therapy. In addition, 14 HIV-infected controls on suppressive ART were included. HIV-1 RNA was analyzed in cell-free plasma by using an ultrasensitive PCR-method with a detection limit of 2 copies/mL. T-lymphocyte activation markers and serum interleukins were measured. Results Plasma residual viremia rebounded to pre-treatment levels, 48-104 weeks after the initial decrease that was observed following treatment with high-dosage IVIG. No long-term effect was observed regarding T-lymphocyte activation markers, T-regulatory cells or serum interleukins. In a post-hoc analysis, a correlation between plasma HIV-1-RNA and CD4+ T-cell count was found in both IVIG-treated patients and controls. Conclusions These results indicate that the decrease in the latent HIV-1 pool observed during IVIG treatment is transient. Although not our primary objective, we found a correlation between HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ T-cell count suggesting the possibility that patients with a higher CD4+ T-cell count might harbor a larger residual pool of latently infected CD4+ T-cells.
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18
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Eller MA, Blom KG, Gonzalez VD, Eller LA, Naluyima P, Laeyendecker O, Quinn TC, Kiwanuka N, Serwadda D, Sewankambo NK, Tasseneetrithep B, Wawer MJ, Gray RH, Marovich MA, Michael NL, de Souza MS, Wabwire-Mangen F, Robb ML, Currier JR, Sandberg JK. Innate and adaptive immune responses both contribute to pathological CD4 T cell activation in HIV-1 infected Ugandans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18779. [PMID: 21526194 PMCID: PMC3079731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 disease progression is associated with persistent immune activation. However, the nature of this association is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated immune activation in the CD4 T cell compartment of chronically HIV-1 infected individuals from Rakai, Uganda. Levels of CD4 T cell activation, assessed as co-expression of PD-1, CD38 and HLA-DR, correlated directly to viral load and inversely to CD4 count. Deeper characterization of these cells indicated an effector memory phenotype with relatively frequent expression of Ki67 despite their PD-1 expression, and levels of these cells were inversely associated with FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. We therefore use the term deregulated effector memory (DEM) cells to describe them. CD4 T cells with a DEM phenotype could be generated by antigen stimulation of recall responses in vitro. Responses against HIV-1 and CMV antigens were enriched among the DEM CD4 T cells in patients, and the diverse Vβ repertoire of DEM CD4 T cells suggested they include diverse antigen-specificities. Furthermore, the levels of DEM CD4 T cells correlated directly to soluble CD14 (sCD14) and IL-6, markers of innate immune activation, in plasma. The size of the activated DEM CD4 T cell subset was predictive of the rate of disease progression, whereas IL-6 was only weakly predictive and sCD14 was not predictive. Taken together, these results are consistent with a model where systemic innate immune activation and chronic antigen stimulation of adaptive T cell responses both play important roles in driving pathological CD4 T cell immune activation in HIV-1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Eller
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim G. Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica D. Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Quinn
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noah Kiwanuka
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - David Serwadda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Nelson K. Sewankambo
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Boonrat Tasseneetrithep
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maria J. Wawer
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald H. Gray
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary A. Marovich
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark S. de Souza
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- U. S. Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Kuylenstierna C, Snyder-Cappione JE, Loo CP, Long BR, Gonzalez VD, Michaëlsson J, Moll M, Spotts G, Hecht FM, Nixon DF, Sandberg JK. NK cells and CD1d-restricted NKT cells respond in different ways with divergent kinetics to IL-2 treatment in primary HIV-1 infection. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:141-6. [PMID: 21198755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine immunotherapy is being evaluated as adjunct treatment in infectious diseases. The effects on innate and adaptive immunity in vivo are insufficiently known. Here, we investigate whether combination treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) of patients with primary HIV-1 infection induces sustained increases in circulating NKT cell and NK cell numbers and effector functions and investigate how changes are coordinated in the two compartments. Patients with primary HIV-1 infection starting ART were analyzed for numbers, phenotype and function of NKT cells, NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) in peripheral blood before, during and after IL-2 treatment. NKT cells expanded during IL-2 treatment as expected from previous studies. However, their response to α-galactosyl ceramide antigen were retained but not boosted. Myeloid DC did not change their numbers or CD1d-expression during treatment. In contrast, the NK cell compartment responded with rapid expansion of the CD56(dim) effector subset and enhanced IFNγ production. Expansions of NKT cells and NK cells retracted back towards baseline values at 12 months after IL-2 treatment ended. In summary, NKT cells and NK cells respond to IL-2 treatment with different kinetics. Effects on cellular function are distinct between the cell types and the effects appear not to be sustained after IL-2 treatment ends. These results improve our understanding of the effects of cytokine immunotherapy on innate cellular immunity in early HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kuylenstierna
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Thomas E, Gonzalez VD, Modi AA, Noureddin M, Rotman Y, Jake Liang T. CS5-5 Characterization of the interferon lambda (IL28/29) antiviral pathway in cell culture, human and chimpanzee models of HCV infection. Cytokine 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.07.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Gonzalez VD, Landay AL, Sandberg JK. Innate immunity and chronic immune activation in HCV/HIV-1 co-infection. Clin Immunol 2010; 135:12-25. [PMID: 20100670 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses are critical in the defense against viral infections. NK cells, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and invariant CD1d-restricted NKT cells mediate both effector and regulatory functions in this early immune response. In chronic uncontrolled viral infections such as HCV and HIV-1, these essential immune functions are compromised and can become a double edged sword contributing to the immunopathogenesis of viral disease. In particular, recent findings indicate that innate immune responses play a central role in the chronic immune activation which is a primary driver of HIV-1 disease progression. HCV/HIV-1 co-infection is affecting millions of people and is associated with faster viral disease progression. Here, we review the role of innate immunity and chronic immune activation in HCV and HIV-1 infection, and discuss how mechanisms of innate immunity may influence protection as well as immunopathogenesis in the HCV/HIV-1 co-infected human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Gonzalez VD, Falconer K, Blom KG, Reichard O, Mørn B, Laursen AL, Weis N, Alaeus A, Sandberg JK. High levels of chronic immune activation in the T-cell compartments of patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and on highly active antiretroviral therapy are reverted by alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment. J Virol 2009; 83:11407-11. [PMID: 19710147 PMCID: PMC2772767 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01211-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation is a driver of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Here, we describe that subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV-1 coinfection display sharply elevated immune activation as determined by CD38 expression in T cells. This occurs, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, in both CD8 and CD4 T cells and is more pronounced than in the appropriate monoinfected control groups. Interestingly, the suppression of HCV by pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment reduces activation. High HCV loads and elevated levels of chronic immune activation may contribute to the high rates of viral disease progression observed in HCV/HIV-1-coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D. Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karolin Falconer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim G. Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olle Reichard
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Mørn
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Lund Laursen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Alaeus
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Gonzalez VD, Falconer K, Björkström NK, Blom KG, Weiland O, Ljunggren HG, Alaeus A, Sandberg JK. Expansion of functionally skewed CD56-negative NK cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: correlation with outcome of pegylated IFN-alpha and ribavirin treatment. J Immunol 2009; 183:6612-8. [PMID: 19846870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are important innate immune effector cells, normally characterized as CD56(+)CD3(-) lymphocytes. In this study, we report that CD56(-)CD16(+) NK cells expand in many patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. These CD56(-) NK cells were functionally impaired with respect to cytokine production upon target cell recognition, in comparison to CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) NK cell subsets. In particular, CD56(-) NK cells were strikingly defective in their polyfunctional response as measured by the coexpression of MIP-1beta, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and CD107a degranulation. The ability of these cells to mediate three or four of these functions was poor; expression of MIP-1beta alone dominated their response. CD56(-) NK cells retained expression of receptors such as the natural cytotoxicity receptors and NKG2D, whereas the expression of CD57 and perforin was lower when compared with CD56(dim) NK cells. Interestingly, pretreatment levels of CD56(-) NK cells correlated with the outcome of pegylated IFN-alpha and ribavirin treatment. In patients with CD56(-) NK cells in the range of healthy subjects, 80% reached a sustained virological response to treatment, whereas only 25% of patients with levels clearly above those in healthy subjects experienced a sustained virological response. Thus, chronic hepatitis C virus infection is associated with an expansion of CD56(-) NK cells functionally skewed toward MIP-1beta production only. Furthermore, high levels of these cells reveal a disturbance in innate cellular immunity that is associated with an impaired ability to respond to antiviral treatment with IFN-alpha and ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lindkvist A, Edén A, Norström MM, Gonzalez VD, Nilsson S, Svennerholm B, Karlsson AC, Sandberg JK, Sönnerborg A, Gisslén M. Reduction of the HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4+ T-lymphocytes by high dosage intravenous immunoglobulin treatment: a proof-of-concept study. AIDS Res Ther 2009; 6:15. [PMID: 19570221 PMCID: PMC2713257 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-6-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The latency of HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T-lymphocytes constitutes a major obstacle for the eradication of virus in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). As yet, no approach to reduce this viral reservoir has proven effective. Methods Nine subjects on effective ART were included in the study and treated with high dosage intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for five consecutive days. Seven of those had detectable levels of replication-competent virus in the latent reservoir and were thus possible to evaluate. Highly purified resting memory CD4+ T-cells were activated and cells containing replication-competent HIV-1 were quantified. HIV-1 from plasma and activated memory CD4+ T-cells were compared with single genome sequencing (SGS) of the gag region. T-lymphocyte activation markers and serum interleukins were measured. Results The latent HIV-1 pool decreased with in median 68% after IVIG was added to effective ART. The reservoir decreased in five, whereas no decrease was found in two subjects with detectable virus. Plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥ 2 copies/mL was detected in five of seven subjects at baseline, but in only one at follow-up after 8–12 weeks. The decrease of the latent HIV-1 pool and the residual plasma viremia was preceded by a transitory low-level increase in plasma HIV-1 RNA and serum interleukin 7 (IL-7) levels, and followed by an expansion of T regulatory cells. The magnitude of the viral increase in plasma correlated to the size of the latent HIV-1 pool and SGS of the gag region showed that viral clones from plasma clustered together with virus from activated memory T-cells, pointing to the latent reservoir as the source of HIV-1 RNA in plasma. Conclusion The findings from this uncontrolled proof-of-concept study suggest that the reservoir became accessible by IVIG treatment through activation of HIV-1 gene expression in latently-infected resting CD4+ T-cells. We propose that IVIG should be further evaluated as an adjuvant to effective ART.
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Moll M, Kuylenstierna C, Gonzalez VD, Andersson SK, Bosnjak L, Sönnerborg A, Quigley MF, Sandberg JK. Severe functional impairment and elevated PD-1 expression in CD1d-restricted NKT cells retained during chronic HIV-1 infection. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:902-11. [PMID: 19197939 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invariant CD1d-restricted NKT cells play important roles in regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. They are targeted by HIV-1 infection and severely reduced in number or even lost in many infected subjects. Here, we have investigated the characteristics of NKT cells retained by some patients despite chronic HIV-1 infection. NKT cells preserved under these circumstances displayed an impaired ability to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma in response to CD1d-restricted lipid antigen as compared with cells from uninfected control subjects. HIV-1 infection was associated with an elevated expression of the inhibitory programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor (CD279) on the CD4(-) subset of NKT cells. However, blocking experiments indicated that the functional defects in NKT cells were largely PD-1-independent. Furthermore, the elevated PD-1 expression and the functional defects were not restored by anti-retroviral treatment, and the NKT cell numbers in blood did not recover significantly in response to treatment. The functional phenotype of NKT cells in these patients suggests an irreversible immune exhaustion due to chronic activation in vivo. The data demonstrate a severe functional impairment in the remaining NKT-cell compartment in HIV-1-infected patients, which limits the prospects to mobilize these cells in immunotherapy approaches in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Moll
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Gonzalez VD, Falconer K, Blom KG, Reichard O, Weis N, Alaeus A, Sandberg JK. High levels of chronic immune activation in both CD8 and CD4 T cell compartments negatively influences HCV treatment outcome in HCV/HIV-1 co-infection (128.17). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.128.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic immune activation is strongly associated with Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Here, we have investigated the state of T cell immune activation, as well as T cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV), in patients with HCV/HIV-1 co-infection on effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Co-infected subjects displayed elevated immune activation as determined by CD38 expression in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, as compared to mono-infected control groups. HCV-specific T cells in response to HCV antigens tended to be stronger in the co-infected patients with a more pronounced IFNγ profile by CD8 T cells and this group also had higher HCV loads at baseline. Patients who reached a sustained virological response to peg-interferon-α and ribavirin treatment displayed significantly lower pre-treatment levels of chronic T cell activation and a trend towards stronger HCV-specific T cell responses, as compared to patients who failed to clear. Data suggest a link between high levels of chronic immune activation, poor adaptive immune responses and HCV treatment failure in HCV/HIV-1 co-infected subjects. We suggest that the high level of chronic immune activation may provide a clue as to why patients co-infected with these viruses in general display faster viral disease progression.
This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council, SIDA and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- 1Center for Infection Medicine, Dept. of Med., Karolinska Institutet,, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolin Falconer
- 2Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Med., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim G Blom
- 1Center for Infection Medicine, Dept. of Med., Karolinska Institutet,, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Reichard
- 2Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Med., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Weis
- 3Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Alaeus
- 2Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Med., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- 1Center for Infection Medicine, Dept. of Med., Karolinska Institutet,, Stockholm, Sweden
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Björkström NK, Gonzalez VD, Malmberg KJ, Falconer K, Alaeus A, Nowak G, Jorns C, Ericzon BG, Weiland O, Sandberg JK, Ljunggren HG. Elevated Numbers of FcγRIIIA+ (CD16+) Effector CD8 T Cells with NK Cell-Like Function in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Immunol 2008; 181:4219-28. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Gonzalez VD, Falconer K, Michaëlsson J, Moll M, Reichard O, Alaeus A, Sandberg JK. Expansion of CD56− NK cells in chronic HCV/HIV-1 co-infection: Reversion by antiviral treatment with pegylated IFNα and ribavirin. Clin Immunol 2008; 128:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Quigley MF, Gonzalez VD, Granath A, Andersson J, Sandberg JK. CXCR5+ CCR7- CD8 T cells are early effector memory cells that infiltrate tonsil B cell follicles. Eur J Immunol 2008; 37:3352-62. [PMID: 18000950 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Naive and central memory CD8 T cells use CCR7 to recirculate through T cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs where they can encounter antigen. Here we describe a subset of human CD8 T cells expressing CXCR5 which enables homing in response to CXCL13 produced within B cell follicles. CXCR5+ CD8 T cells were found in tonsil B cell follicles, and isolated cells migrated towards CXCL13 in vitro. They expressed CD27, CD28, CD45RO, CD69, and were CD7low, and produced IFN-gamma and granzyme A but lacked perforin, a functional profile suggesting that these cells are early effector memory cells in the context of contemporary T cell differentiation models. Receptors important in the interaction with B cells, including CD70, OX40 and ICOS, were induced upon activation, and CXCR5+ CD8 T cells could to some extent support survival and IgG production in tonsil B cells. Furthermore, CXCR5+ CD8 T cells expressed CCR5 but no CCR7, suggesting a migration pattern distinct from that of follicular CD4 T cells. The finding that a subset of early effector memory CD8 T cells use CXCR5 to locate to B cell follicles indicates that MHC class I-restricted CD8 T cells are part of the follicular T cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máire F Quigley
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Falconer K, Gonzalez VD, Reichard O, Sandberg JK, Alaeus A. Spontaneous HCV clearance in HCV/HIV-1 coinfection associated with normalized CD4 counts, low level of chronic immune activation and high level of T cell function. J Clin Virol 2008; 41:160-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gonzalez VD, Björkström NK, Malmberg KJ, Moll M, Kuylenstierna C, Michaëlsson J, Ljunggren HG, Sandberg JK. Application of nine-color flow cytometry for detailed studies of the phenotypic complexity and functional heterogeneity of human lymphocyte subsets. J Immunol Methods 2008; 330:64-74. [PMID: 18083186 PMCID: PMC2268636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate and adaptive cellular immunity is initiated, directed and regulated by a vast array of cell surface receptors. Attempts to harness the cellular immune system in translational settings such as immunotherapy and vaccine development require tools to accurately describe and isolate lymphocytes with specific characteristics. One such tool, flow cytometry, is undergoing a revolution in instrumentation and reagents, providing opportunities for high resolution phenotypic and functional analysis of lymphocytes. Here, we demonstrate how nine-color flow cytometry can be adapted, optimized and applied to investigate the phenotypic complexity and functional heterogeneity of human lymphocyte subsets. We provide examples of studies of adaptive T cell responses against viruses, as well as the assessment of CD1d-restricted NKT cells and NK cells. We discuss the importance of this technology for detailed investigations of lymphocyte subsets in studies of infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jordan KA, Furlan SN, Gonzalez VD, Karlsson AC, Quigley MF, Deeks SG, Rosenberg MG, Nixon DF, Sandberg JK. CD8 T cell effector maturation in HIV-1-infected children. Virology 2006; 347:117-26. [PMID: 16406047 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection generates maturational responses in overall CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in adults, with elevated expression of lytic effector molecules perforin and granzyme B, and reduced expression of CCR7 and CD45RA. Here, we have found that these marked effects were significantly less pronounced in children, both in terms of the skewed CCR7/CD45RA expression profile as well as the increased perforin expression. Similar to adults, HIV-specific CD8 cells in children were largely CD27+ CD45RA- and lacked perforin. However, one pediatric subject with late-stage infection displayed robust expansion of Gag 77-85-specific CD8 T cells which were perforin+ and lytic, but lacked expression of CD27 and IFNgamma. Our data indicate that the T cell effector maturation induced by HIV-1 infection is markedly weaker in children as compared to adults. The data also suggest, however, that the perforin-deficient state of HIV-specific CD8 T cells in children may be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Jordan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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33
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Aandahl EM, Quigley MF, Moretto WJ, Moll M, Gonzalez VD, Sönnerborg A, Lindbäck S, Hecht FM, Deeks SG, Rosenberg MG, Nixon DF, Sandberg JK. Expansion of CD7(low) and CD7(negative) CD8 T-cell effector subsets in HIV-1 infection: correlation with antigenic load and reversion by antiretroviral treatment. Blood 2004; 104:3672-8. [PMID: 15308569 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral response of CD8 T cells involves the differentiation of naive T cells into distinct types of effector and memory cells, which may be distinguished by the level of CD7 expression. We have investigated CD8 T cells in adults and children infected with HIV-1 to determine the disease relevance of cell subsets defined by CD7. CD8 T cells from patients infected with HIV-1 displayed profound down-modulation of CD7 expression as compared with healthy subjects, with expansion of both CD7(low) and CD7(negative) effector subsets. Loss of CD7(high) cells correlated directly with HIV-1 load and was particularly pronounced in patients with rapid disease progression. CD8 T cells specific for HIV-1, as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were predominantly found in the CD7(low) effector cell subset. Furthermore, recovery of CD4 counts on antiretroviral therapy was associated with reversion of the skewed CD7 profile in CD8 T cells. Thus, effector CD8 T-cell subsets distinguished by lowered CD7 expression expand in a manner that correlates with the magnitude of HIV-1, EBV, and CMV antigenic challenge and contract in response to successful antiretroviral treatment. The results are discussed in relation to the dual roles of CD7 as a receptor of both costimulation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar M Aandahl
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Norway
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