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Togninalli M, Ho ATV, Madl CM, Holbrook CA, Wang YX, Magnusson KEG, Kirillova A, Chang A, Blau HM. Machine learning-based classification of dual fluorescence signals reveals muscle stem cell fate transitions in response to regenerative niche factors. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:4. [PMID: 36639373 PMCID: PMC9839750 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of muscle stem cell (MuSC) fate by cues from the niche is essential for regeneration of skeletal muscle. How pro-regenerative niche factors control the dynamics of MuSC fate decisions remains unknown due to limitations of population-level endpoint assays. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a dual fluorescence imaging time lapse (Dual-FLIT) microscopy approach that leverages machine learning classification strategies to track single cell fate decisions with high temporal resolution. Using two fluorescent reporters that read out maintenance of stemness and myogenic commitment, we constructed detailed lineage trees for individual MuSCs and their progeny, classifying each division event as symmetric self-renewing, asymmetric, or symmetric committed. Our analysis reveals that treatment with the lipid metabolite, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), accelerates the rate of MuSC proliferation over time, while biasing division events toward symmetric self-renewal. In contrast, the IL6 family member, Oncostatin M (OSM), decreases the proliferation rate after the first generation, while blocking myogenic commitment. These insights into the dynamics of MuSC regulation by niche cues were uniquely enabled by our Dual-FLIT approach. We anticipate that similar binary live cell readouts derived from Dual-FLIT will markedly expand our understanding of how niche factors control tissue regeneration in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Togninalli
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
| | - Andrew T V Ho
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
- Department of Functional and Adaptive Biology - UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Christopher M Madl
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Colin A Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
| | - Yu Xin Wang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
- Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Klas E G Magnusson
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
- Department of Signal Processing, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kirillova
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5175, USA.
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Porpiglia E, Mai T, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, de Morree A, Gonzalez VD, Hilgendorf KI, Frésard L, Trejo A, Bhimaraju S, Jackson PK, Fantl WJ, Blau HM. Elevated CD47 is a hallmark of dysfunctional aged muscle stem cells that can be targeted to augment regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1653-1668.e8. [PMID: 36384141 PMCID: PMC9746883 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In aging, skeletal muscle strength and regenerative capacity decline, due in part to functional impairment of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we capitalize on mass cytometry to identify high CD47 expression as a hallmark of dysfunctional MuSCs (CD47hi) with impaired regenerative capacity that predominate with aging. The prevalent CD47hi MuSC subset suppresses the residual functional CD47lo MuSC subset through a paracrine signaling loop, leading to impaired proliferation. We uncover that elevated CD47 levels on aged MuSCs result from increased U1 snRNA expression, which disrupts alternative polyadenylation. The deficit in aged MuSC function in regeneration can be overcome either by morpholino-mediated blockade of CD47 alternative polyadenylation or antibody blockade of thrombospondin-1/CD47 signaling, leading to improved regeneration in aged mice, with therapeutic implications. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized age-dependent alteration in CD47 levels and function in MuSCs, which underlies reduced muscle repair in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Porpiglia
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Thach Mai
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peggy Kraft
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colin A Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antoine de Morree
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Nolan Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keren I Hilgendorf
- Jackson Laboratory, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laure Frésard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angelica Trejo
- Nolan Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sriram Bhimaraju
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Jackson Laboratory, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Madl CM, Flaig IA, Holbrook CA, Wang YX, Blau HM. Biophysical matrix cues from the regenerating niche direct muscle stem cell fate in engineered microenvironments. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120973. [PMID: 34224984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for efficacious muscle repair, making MuSCs promising therapeutic targets for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MuSCs are presented with a diverse and temporally defined set of cues from their microenvironment during regeneration that direct stem cell expansion, differentiation, and return to quiescence. Understanding the complex interplay among these biophysical and biochemical cues is necessary to develop therapies targeting or employing MuSCs. To probe the role of mechanical cues presented by the extracellular matrix, we leverage chemically defined hydrogel substrates with controllable stiffness and adhesive ligand composition to characterize the MuSC response to matrix cues presented during early and late phases of regeneration. We demonstrate that relatively soft hydrogels recapitulating healthy muscle stiffness promote MuSC activation and expansion, while relatively stiff hydrogels impair MuSC proliferation and arrest myogenic progression. These effects are seen on soft and stiff hydrogels presenting laminin-111 and exacerbated on hydrogels presenting RGD adhesive peptides. Soluble factors present in the MuSC niche during different phases of regeneration, prostaglandin E2 and oncostatin M, synergize with matrix-presented cues to enhance stem cell expansion on soft substrates and block myogenic progression on stiff substrates. To determine if temporally varied matrix stiffness reminiscent of the regenerating microenvironment alters MuSC fate, we developed a photoresponsive hydrogel system with accelerated reaction kinetics that can be rapidly softened on demand. MuSCs cultured on these materials revealed that the cellular response to a stiff microenvironment is fixed within the first three days of culture, as subsequent softening back to a healthy stiffness did not rescue MuSC proliferation or myogenic progression. These results highlight the importance of temporally controlled biophysical and biochemical cues in regulating MuSC fate that can be harnessed to improve regenerative medicine approaches to restore skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Madl
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Iris A Flaig
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Colin A Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yu Xin Wang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Palla AR, Ravichandran M, Wang YX, Alexandrova L, Yang AV, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, Schürch CM, Ho ATV, Blau HM. Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength. Science 2020; 371:science.abc8059. [PMID: 33303683 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatments are lacking for sarcopenia, a debilitating age-related skeletal muscle wasting syndrome. We identifed increased amounts of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-degrading enzyme, as a hallmark of aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. The consequent reduction in PGE2 signaling contributed to muscle atrophy in aged mice and results from 15-PGDH-expressing myofibers and interstitial cells, such as macrophages, within muscle. Overexpression of 15-PGDH in young muscles induced atrophy. Inhibition of 15-PGDH, by targeted genetic depletion or a small-molecule inhibitor, increased aged muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance. These benefits arise from a physiological increase in PGE2 concentrations, which augmented mitochondrial function and autophagy and decreased transforming growth factor-β signaling and activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Thus, PGE2 signaling ameliorates muscle atrophy and rejuvenates muscle function, and 15-PGDH may be a suitable therapeutic target for countering sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Palla
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Ravichandran
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y X Wang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Alexandrova
- Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A V Yang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P Kraft
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C A Holbrook
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Nolan Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A T V Ho
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H M Blau
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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