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Allen LAH. PCNA at the crossroads of human neutrophil activation, metabolism, and survival. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:201-204. [PMID: 38057160 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferating cell nuclear antigen scaffold differentially binds hexokinase, procaspase-9, and p47phox to regulate neutrophil metabolism, viability and activation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ann H Allen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, One Hospital Drive, M616B Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
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2
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Ishqi HM, Ali M, Dawra R. Recent advances in the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in acute pancreatitis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4107-4122. [PMID: 37725239 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease, which is triggered by adverse events in acinar cells of the pancreas. After the initial injury, infiltration of neutrophils in pancreas is observed. In the initial stages of pancreatitis, the inflammation is sterile. It has been shown that the presence of neutrophils at the injury site can modulate the disease. Their depletion in experimental animal models of the acute pancreatitis has been shown to be protective. But information on mechanism of contribution to inflammation by neutrophils at the injury site is not clear. Once at injury site, activated neutrophils release azurophilic granules containing proteolytic enzymes and generate hypochlorous acid which is a strong microbicidal agent. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed which consist of decondensed DNA decorated with histones, proteases and granular and cytosolic proteins. NETs are considered mechanical traps for microbes, but there is preliminary evidence to indicate that NETs, which constitute a special mechanism of the neutrophil defence system, play an adverse role in pancreatitis by contributing to the pancreatic inflammation and distant organ injury. This review presents the overall current information about neutrophils and their role including NETs in acute pancreatitis (AP). It also highlights current gaps in knowledge which should be explored to fully elucidate the role of neutrophils in AP and for therapeutic gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Misha Ali
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rajinder Dawra
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Kroon EE, Correa-Macedo W, Evans R, Seeger A, Engelbrecht L, Kriel JA, Loos B, Okugbeni N, Orlova M, Cassart P, Kinnear CJ, Tromp GC, Möller M, Wilkinson RJ, Coussens AK, Schurr E, Hoal EG. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and gene programs distinguish TST/IGRA sensitization outcomes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed persons living with HIV. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010888. [PMID: 37616312 PMCID: PMC10470897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). After prolonged and repeated exposure, some PLWH never develop TB and show no evidence of immune sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as defined by persistently negative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA). This group has been identified and defined as HIV+ persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRA negative (HITTIN). To investigate potential innate mechanisms unique to individuals with the HITTIN phenotype we compared their neutrophil Mtb infection response to that of PLWH, with no TB history, but who test persistently IGRA positive, and tuberculin positive (HIT). Neutrophil samples from 17 HITTIN (PMNHITTIN) and 11 HIT (PMNHIT) were isolated and infected with Mtb H37Rv for 1h and 6h. RNA was extracted and used for RNAseq analysis. Since there was no significant differential transcriptional response at 1h between infected PMNHITTIN and PMNHIT, we focused on the 6h timepoint. When compared to uninfected PMN, PMNHITTIN displayed 3106 significantly upregulated and 3548 significantly downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (absolute cutoff of a log2FC of 0.2, FDR < 0.05) whereas PMNHIT demonstrated 3816 significantly upregulated and 3794 significantly downregulated DEGs following 6h Mtb infection. Contrasting the log2FC 6h infection response to Mtb from PMNHITTIN against PMNHIT, 2285 genes showed significant differential response between the two groups. Overall PMNHITTIN had a lower fold change response to Mtb infection compared to PMNHIT. According to pathway enrichment, Apoptosis and NETosis were differentially regulated between HITTIN and HIT PMN responses after 6h Mtb infection. To corroborate the blunted NETosis transcriptional response measured among HITTIN, fluorescence microscopy revealed relatively lower neutrophil extracellular trap formation and cell loss in PMNHITTIN compared to PMNHIT, showing that PMNHITTIN have a distinct response to Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elouise E. Kroon
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rachel Evans
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department Medical Biology (WEHI), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Allison Seeger
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lize Engelbrecht
- Central Analytical Facilities, Microscopy Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jurgen A. Kriel
- Central Analytical Facilities, Microscopy Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Naomi Okugbeni
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Platform, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pauline Cassart
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Platform, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Gerard C. Tromp
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC-SHIP South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative (SATBBI), Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department Medical Biology (WEHI), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Beckmann A, Ramirez P, Gamez M, Gonzalez E, De Mange J, Bieniek KF, Ray WJ, Frost B. Moesin is an effector of tau-induced actin overstabilization, cell cycle activation, and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. iScience 2023; 26:106152. [PMID: 36879821 PMCID: PMC9984563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, neurons acquire phenotypes that are also present in various cancers, including aberrant activation of the cell cycle. Unlike cancer, cell cycle activation in post-mitotic neurons is sufficient to induce cell death. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that abortive cell cycle activation is a consequence of pathogenic forms of tau, a protein that drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and related "tauopathies." Here we combine network analyses of human Alzheimer's disease and mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathy with studies in Drosophila to discover that pathogenic forms of tau drive cell cycle activation by disrupting a cellular program involved in cancer and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moesin, an EMT driver, is elevated in cells harboring disease-associated phosphotau, over-stabilized actin, and ectopic cell cycle activation. We further find that genetic manipulation of Moesin mediates tau-induced neurodegeneration. Taken together, our study identifies novel parallels between tauopathy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Beckmann
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paulino Ramirez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maria Gamez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elias Gonzalez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jasmine De Mange
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin F. Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - William J. Ray
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Therapeutics Discovery Division, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Putative Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054497. [PMID: 36901933 PMCID: PMC10003516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematologic malignancies characterized by gene mutations that promote myeloproliferation and resistance to apoptosis via constitutively active signaling pathways, with Janus kinase 2-signal transducers and the activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) axis as a core part. Chronic inflammation has been described as a pivot for the development and advancement of MPNs from early stage cancer to pronounced bone marrow fibrosis, but there are still unresolved questions regarding this issue. The MPN neutrophils are characterized by upregulation of JAK target genes, they are in a state of activation and with deregulated apoptotic machinery. Deregulated neutrophil apoptotic cell death supports inflammation and steers them towards secondary necrosis or neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, a trigger of inflammation both ways. NETs in proinflammatory bone marrow microenvironment induce hematopoietic precursor proliferation, which has an impact on hematopoietic disorders. In MPNs, neutrophils are primed for NET formation, and even though it seems obvious for NETs to intervene in the disease progression by supporting inflammation, no reliable data are available. We discuss in this review the potential pathophysiological relevance of NET formation in MPNs, with the intention of contributing to a better understanding of how neutrophils and neutrophil clonality can orchestrate the evolution of a pathological microenvironment in MPNs.
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Zhang S, Sun Z, Jiang X, Lu Z, Ding L, Li C, Tian X, Wang Q. Ferroptosis increases obesity: Crosstalk between adipocytes and the neuroimmune system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049936. [PMID: 36479119 PMCID: PMC9720262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis requires not only the accumulation of iron ions, but also changes in many ferroptosis-related regulators, including a decrease in GPX4 and inhibition of SLC7A11 for classical ferroptosis, a deletion of FSP1 or GCH1. Surprisingly, adipose tissue (AT) in the obesity conditions is also accompanied by iron buildup, decreased GSH, and increased ROS. On the neurological side, the pro-inflammatory factor released by AT may have first caused ferroptosis in the vagus nerve by inhibiting of the NRF2-GPX4 pathway, resulting in disorders of the autonomic nervous system. On the immune side, obesity may cause M2 macrophages ferroptosis due to damage to iron-rich ATMs (MFehi) and antioxidant ATMs (Mox), and lead to Treg cells ferroptosis through reductions in NRF2, GPX4, and GCH1 levels. At the same time, the reduction in GPX4 may also trigger the ferroptosis of B1 cells. In addition, some studies have also found the role of GPX4 in neutrophil autophagy, which is also worth pondering whether there is a connection with ferroptosis. In conclusion, this review summarizes the associations between neuroimmune regulation associated with obesity and ferroptosis, and on the basis of this, highlights their potential molecular mechanisms, proposing that ferroptosis in one or more cells in a multicellular tissue changes the fate of that tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuewen Tian
- *Correspondence: Xuewen Tian, ; Qinglu Wang,
| | - Qinglu Wang
- *Correspondence: Xuewen Tian, ; Qinglu Wang,
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Neutrophil Death in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Shedding More Light on Neutrophils as a Pathogenic Link to Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031490. [PMID: 35163413 PMCID: PMC8836089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune response, but their prolonged activation can lead to chronic inflammation. Consequently, neutrophil homeostasis is tightly regulated through balance between granulopoiesis and clearance of dying cells. The bone marrow is both a site of neutrophil production and the place they return to and die. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by the mutations in three types of molecular markers, with emphasis on Janus kinase 2 gene mutation (JAK2V617F). The MPN bone marrow stem cell niche is a site of chronic inflammation, with commonly increased cells of myeloid lineage, including neutrophils. The MPN neutrophils are characterized by the upregulation of JAK target genes. Additionally, MPN neutrophils display malignant nature, they are in a state of activation, and with deregulated apoptotic machinery. In other words, neutrophils deserve to be placed in the midst of major events in MPN. Our crucial interest in this review is better understanding of how neutrophils die in MPN mirrored by defects in apoptosis and to what possible extent they can contribute to MPN pathophysiology. We tend to expect that reduced neutrophil apoptosis will establish a pathogenic link to chronic inflammation in MPN.
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Mutua V, Gershwin LJ. A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:194-211. [PMID: 32740860 PMCID: PMC7395212 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to a variety of stimuli. NETosis is driven by protein-arginine deiminase type 4, with the release of intracellular granule components that function by capturing and destroying microbes, including viral, fungal, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens. The positive effects of pathogen control are countered by pro-inflammatory effects as demonstrated in a variety of diseases. Components of NETS are non-specific, and other than controlling microbes, they cause injury to surrounding tissue by themselves or by increasing the pro-inflammatory response. NETs can play a role in enhancement of the inflammation seen in autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosis. In addition, autoinflammatory diseases such as gout have been associated with NETosis. Inhibition of NETs may decrease the severity of many diseases improving survival. Herein, we describe NETosis in different diseases focusing on the detrimental effect of NETs and outline possible therapeutics that can be used to mitigate netosis. There is a need for more studies and clinical trials on these and other compounds that could prevent or destroy NETs, thereby decreasing damage to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mutua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Laurel J Gershwin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
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Xuan J, Che L, Liu Y. Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Intestinal Loop Obstruction After Introducing Loop Syndrome After Subtotal Gastrectomy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a graphical diagnosis of intestinal loop obstruction input into the loop syndrome after subtotal gastrectomy based on ultrasound diagnosis is more fluid accumulating in the bridge loop. The pressure in the intestinal loop is constantly rising, causing bile and pancreatic
juice excretion disorder, and dilation of intrahepatic and external bile ducts or dilation of pancreatic ducts, which is similar to the anatomical features of low biliary obstruction. For dilated bowel, the expansion of the upstream drainage pipe organ changes in physiological and pathological
anatomy pathological bridge loop obstruction. The ultrasound can show good and on the ming stomach ultrasound pictures of patients with loop syndrome after major resection were analyzed. Most patients with hepatic shape changed the left hepatic duct dilatation, and the inner diameter is 4.8
cm and the length is 18.0 cm. The wall of the tube is a multi-layer structure, and fold-like echoes can be seen. The lumen does not pass through the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. Patients with a history of pancreas Whillp or Child type surgery or a history
of Roux-en-Y type biliary jejunum have clinical manifestations of bowel obstruction. The ultrasound of their bridge loop obstruction showed a long tubular anechoic dark area in the upper abdomen and dilation of the upstream drainage organ duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhuji People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, ZhujiZhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Lingxiang Che
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yao Liu
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Marcon H, Griss LG, Molosse VL, Cecere BGO, Alba DF, Leal KW, Galli GM, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Gundel S, de A Bassotto V, Ourique AF, Vedovatto M, Da Silva AS. Dietary supplementation with curcumin-loaded nanocapsules in lambs: Nanotechnology as a new tool for nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:521-529. [PMID: 34258441 PMCID: PMC8245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin-containing nanocapsule powder formulations have not been used in ruminant feed to date, despite the fact that curcumin is known to be a functional food additive. The objective of this study was to determine whether ethyl polymethacrylate (Eudragit L-100) nanocapsules loaded with curcumin (N-CU) would improve health and growth of lambs. Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs (body weight [BW] = 16 ± 0.99 kg; 45 d of age) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: T0, T1, T2 and T4, representing supplementation of curcumin at 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg concentrate, respectively. The animals in each treatment were allocated in 4 pens of 2 lambs each (8 lambs per treatment). The experiment lasted 17 d, with samples and measurements collected on d 0, 7, 12, and 17. The T2 lambs had greater average daily gain than T0 lambs. Regression analysis showed that the ideal dose of N-CU to enhance weight gain was 1.89 mg/kg concentrate. There were significant interactions (P < 0.05) between treatments × time for hematological variables, particularly for increases in erythrocytes (T2) and reductions in counts of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in T1 and T2. There were significant interactions between treatment × time for total protein, globulin, urea, and triglyceride levels. Stimulation of the antioxidant system was also observed. There were increased levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH), as well as increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the supplemented animals. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were lower in the serum of supplemented lambs. In general, the 4 mg/kg dose had no positive effects on growth or health. This was an unexpected result, given the known properties of curcumin. Taken together, these findings suggest that addition of low concentrations of nanoencapsulated curcumin (T1 and T2) in lamb feed improves health, minimizing oxidative stress and generates anti-inflammatory effects that may have contributed indirectly to greater weight gain. Nanocapsules potentiate the effects of curcumin and may emerge as a new tool in animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Marcon
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Griss
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Molosse
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno G O Cecere
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Davi F Alba
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Karoline W Leal
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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11
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Zaidi H, Lamalmi N, Lahlou L, Slaoui M, Barkat A, Alamrani S, Alhamany Z. Clinical predictive factors of histological chorioamnionitis: case-control study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05698. [PMID: 33364485 PMCID: PMC7750559 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Histological chorioamnionitis or "intrauterine inflammation or infection" (Triple I) it is an acute inflammation of amniotic membrane, chorionic plate and umbilical cord. Subject To assess in the event of the clinical predictive factors associated to histological chorioamnionitis. Methods Prospective examination of 50 placentas from aberrant pregnancies, and 50 placentas from 'normal' deliveries. The Placentas analyzed by the conventional histopathology method, and the severity of chorioamnionitis was classified histologically according to the intensity and the topography of placental inflammation.The clinical and histopathological features of the study groups were introduced into the SPSS 13 database (License University Mohammed V-Rabat). Results 36/50 placentas of aberrant pregnancies showed a histological chorioamnionitis often associated to a funisitis, and 11/50 normal placentas have shown some lesions of histological chorioamnionitis mainly grade one without funisitis.On the other hand we noted a statistically significant association between histological chorioamnionitis and premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) over than 12h (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study confirmed the predominance of histological chorioamnionitis lesions in clinically suspected cases of chorioamnionitis with 72% versus 22% in the controls group.Among the clinical parameters studied, only the premature rupture of the Membranes was shown a statistically significant association with the appearance of histological signs of chorioamnionitis.In conclusion, chorioamnionitis is sometimes clinically silent. Morphological placental study could be a confirmation of this pathology, which is predominantly associated to PROM over than 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zaidi
- Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Children's Hospital, CHU Ibn Sina, 10170, Rabat, Morocco
| | - N Lamalmi
- Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Children's Hospital, CHU Ibn Sina, 10170, Rabat, Morocco
| | - L Lahlou
- Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Slaoui
- Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Barkat
- Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco.,Neonatology Department P5, Children's Hospital, CHU Ibn Sina, 10170, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Alamrani
- Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco.,Maternity Souissi, CHU Ibn Sina, 10170, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Z Alhamany
- Mohammed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 10170, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Children's Hospital, CHU Ibn Sina, 10170, Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Yuyun X, Fan Y, Weiping W, Qing Y, Bingwei S. Metabolomic analysis of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis reveals the potential involvement of glutathione depletion. Innate Immun 2020; 27:31-40. [PMID: 32910715 PMCID: PMC7780355 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920951985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis and resolving inflammation. However, the mechanism triggering this apoptosis remains obscure. In the present study, we performed a global metabolomics analysis of neutrophils undergoing spontaneous apoptosis by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and found 23 metabolites and 42 related pathways that were altered in these cells. Among them, glutathione, which is known to be involved in apoptosis, was particularly interesting. We found that L-pyroglutamic acid, glutamate, and their glutathione-mediated embolic pathways were all changed. Our findings confirmed the glutathione levels decreased in apoptotic neutrophils. Exogenous glutathione and LPS treatment delayed neutrophil apoptosis and decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3. γ-glutamylcyclotransferase, 5-oxoprolinase, and ChaC1, which participated in glutathione degradation, were all activated. At the same time, the down-regulation of ATP production suggested the activity of glutathione biosynthesis may be attenuated even if glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthase, which are two ATP-dependent enzymes participating in glutathione biosynthesis, were enhanced. To our knowledge, this is the first report highlighting a global metabolomics analysis using hydrophilic interaction chromatography ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the potential involvement of glutathione depletion in spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils demonstrating that LPS could delay this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yuyun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Weiping
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Qing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Bingwei
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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13
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Cappelletti M, Presicce P, Kallapur SG. Immunobiology of Acute Chorioamnionitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:649. [PMID: 32373122 PMCID: PMC7177011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute chorioamnionitis is characterized by neutrophilic infiltration and inflammation at the maternal fetal interface. It is a relatively common complication of pregnancy and can have devastating consequences including preterm labor, maternal infections, fetal infection/inflammation, fetal lung, brain, and gastrointestinal tract injury. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of the pathogenesis, immunobiology, and mechanisms of this condition. Most commonly, acute chorioamnionitis is a result of ascending infection with relatively low-virulence organisms such as the Ureaplasma species. Furthermore, recent vaginal microbiome studies suggest that there is a link between vaginal dysbiosis, vaginal inflammation, and ascending infection. Although less common, microorganisms invading the maternal-fetal interface via hematogenous route (e.g., Zika virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Listeria) can cause placental villitis and severe fetal inflammation and injury. We will provide an overview of the knowledge gleaned from different animal models of acute chorioamnionitis and the role of different immune cells in different maternal-fetal compartments. Lastly, we will discuss how infectious agents can break the maternal tolerance of fetal allograft during pregnancy and highlight the novel future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cappelletti
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pietro Presicce
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Presicce P, Cappelletti M, Senthamaraikannan P, Ma F, Morselli M, Jackson CM, Mukherjee S, Miller LA, Pellegrini M, Jobe AH, Chougnet CA, Kallapur SG. TNF-Signaling Modulates Neutrophil-Mediated Immunity at the Feto-Maternal Interface During LPS-Induced Intrauterine Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:558. [PMID: 32308656 PMCID: PMC7145904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of activated neutrophils at the feto-maternal interface is a defining hallmark of intrauterine inflammation (IUI) that might trigger an excessive immune response during pregnancy. Mechanisms responsible of this massive neutrophil recruitment are poorly investigated. We have previously showed that intraamniotic injection of LPS in rhesus macaques induced a neutrophil predominant inflammatory response similar to that seen in human IUI. Here, we demonstrate that anti-TNF antibody (Adalimumab) inhibited ~80% of genes induced by LPS involved in inflammatory signaling and innate immunity in chorio-decidua neutrophils. Consistent with the gene expression data, TNF-blockade decreased LPS-induced neutrophil accumulation and activation at the feto-maternal interface. We also observed a reduction in IL-6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines but not prostaglandins concentrations in the amniotic fluid. Moreover, TNF-blockade decreased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the chorio-decidua but not in the uterus, suggesting that inhibition of TNF-signaling decreased the inflammation in a tissue-specific manner within the uterine compartment. Taken together, our results demonstrate a predominant role for TNF-signaling in modulating the neutrophilic infiltration at the feto-maternal interface during IUI and suggest that blockade of TNF-signaling could be considered as a therapeutic approach for IUI, the major leading cause of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Presicce
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Monica Cappelletti
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paranthaman Senthamaraikannan
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences-Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Courtney M Jackson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shibabrata Mukherjee
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences-Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Søgaard CK, Nepal A, Petrovic V, Sharma A, Liabakk NB, Steigedal TS, Otterlei M. Targeting the non-canonical roles of PCNA modifies and increases the response to targeted anti-cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7185-7197. [PMID: 31921382 PMCID: PMC6944453 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as HER2 and/or EGFR are important therapeutic targets in multiple cancer cells. Low and/or short response to targeted therapies are often due to activation of compensatory signaling pathways, and therefore a combination of kinase inhibitors with other anti-cancer therapies have been proposed as promising strategies. PCNA is recently shown to have non-canonical cytosolic roles, and targeting PCNA with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the PCNA-interacting motif APIM is shown to mediate changes in central signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK, acting downstream of multiple RTKs. In this study, we show how targeting PCNA increased the anti-cancer activity of EGFR/HER2/VEGFR inhibition in vitro as well as in vivo. The combination treatment resulted in reduced tumor load and increased the survival compared to either single agent treatments. The combination treatment affected multiple cellular signaling responses not seen by EGFR/HER2/VEGFR inhibition alone, and changes were seen in pathways determining protein degradation, ER-stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Our results suggest that targeting the non-canonical roles of PCNA in cellular signaling have the potential to improve targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K Søgaard
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anala Nepal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Voin Petrovic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina-Beate Liabakk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tonje S Steigedal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Otterlei
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,APIM Therapeutics A/S, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Urdinguio RG, Lopez V, Bayón GF, Diaz de la Guardia R, Sierra MI, García-Toraño E, Perez RF, García MG, Carella A, Pruneda PC, Prieto C, Dmitrijeva M, Santamarina P, Belmonte T, Mangas C, Diaconu E, Ferrero C, Tejedor JR, Fernandez-Morera JL, Bravo C, Bueno C, Sanjuan-Pla A, Rodriguez RM, Suarez-Alvarez B, López-Larrea C, Bernal T, Colado E, Balbín M, García-Suarez O, Chiara MD, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Rodríguez F, Pando-Sandoval A, Rodrigo L, Santos L, Salas A, Vallejo-Díaz J, C Carrera A, Rico D, Hernández-López I, Vayá A, Ricart JM, Seto E, Sima-Teruel N, Vaquero A, Valledor L, Cañal MJ, Pisano D, Graña-Castro O, Thomas T, Voss AK, Menéndez P, Villar-Garea A, Deutzmann R, Fernandez AF, Fraga MF. Chromatin regulation by Histone H4 acetylation at Lysine 16 during cell death and differentiation in the myeloid compartment. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5016-5037. [PMID: 30923829 PMCID: PMC6547425 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H4 acetylation at Lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is a key epigenetic mark involved in gene regulation, DNA repair and chromatin remodeling, and though it is known to be essential for embryonic development, its role during adult life is still poorly understood. Here we show that this lysine is massively hyperacetylated in peripheral neutrophils. Genome-wide mapping of H4K16ac in terminally differentiated blood cells, along with functional experiments, supported a role for this histone post-translational modification in the regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis in the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, in neutrophils, H4K16ac was enriched at specific DNA repeats. These DNA regions presented an accessible chromatin conformation and were associated with the cleavage sites that generate the 50 kb DNA fragments during the first stages of programmed cell death. Our results thus suggest that H4K16ac plays a dual role in myeloid cells as it not only regulates differentiation and apoptosis, but it also exhibits a non-canonical structural role in poising chromatin for cleavage at an early stage of neutrophil cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio G Urdinguio
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia Lopez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayón
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Diaz de la Guardia
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta I Sierra
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Estela García-Toraño
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raúl F Perez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María G García
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonella Carella
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia C Pruneda
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marija Dmitrijeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Thalía Belmonte
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Mangas
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena Diaconu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ferrero
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernandez-Morera
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Bravo
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Sanjuan-Pla
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Bernal
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Colado
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Service of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olivia García-Suarez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Dolores Chiara
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Pando-Sandoval
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Instituto Nacional de Silicosis (INS), Área del Pulmón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Roma s/n, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Gastroenterology Service, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida de Roma s/n, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA). Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo. Asturias. España
| | - Ana Salas
- Cytometry Service, Servicios Científico-Técnicos (SCTs). Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Vallejo-Díaz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana C Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Amparo Vayá
- Hemorheology and Haemostasis Unit, Service of Clinical Pathology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Edward Seto
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Núria Sima-Teruel
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08907- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08907- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Cañal
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - David Pisano
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Villar-Garea
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Deutzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agustín F Fernandez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain
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17
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Identification of key protein-coding genes and lncRNAs in spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15106. [PMID: 31641174 PMCID: PMC6805912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the most abundant cells of the innate immune system in humans, and spontaneous PMN apoptosis plays crucial roles in maintaining neutrophil homeostasis and resolving inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms of spontaneous PMN apoptosis remain to be elucidated. By analysis of the public microarray dataset GSE37416, we identified a total of 3050 mRNAs and 220 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) specifically expressed during PMN apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. By short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analyses, we identified some key molecules specifically related to PMN apoptosis. STEM analysis identified 12 gene profiles with statistically significance, including 2 associated with apoptosis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of the genes from 2 profiles and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis identified a 12-gene hub (including NFκB1 and BIRC3) associated with apoptosis, as well as 2 highly correlated lncRNAs (THAP9-AS1, and AL021707.6). We experimentally examined the expression profiles of two mRNA (NFκB1 and BIRC3) and two lncRNAs (THAP9-AS1 andAL021707.6) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to confirm their time-dependent expressions. These data altogether demonstrated that these genes are involved in the regulation of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis and the corresponding gene products could also serve as potential key regulatory molecules for PMN apoptosis and/or therapeutic targets for over-reactive inflammatory response caused by the abnormality in PMN apoptosis.
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18
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Andryukov BG, Bogdanova VD, Lyapun IN. PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY OF NEUTROPHILS: NEW ANTIMICROBIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2019-64-2-211-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Neutrophils are the most numerous subpopulation of leukocytes circulating in the blood; they constitute the first line of defence of the innate link of the immune system.Aim. To generalize basic concepts about phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils.General findings. According to contemporary concepts, this type of blood cells performs not only antimicrobial functions, but also participates in capture and destruction of various microorganisms, including such processes as phagocytosis and intracellular degradation, degranulation and formation of extracellular neutrophilic traps after the detection of microorganisms. Neutrophils are considered to be a phenotypically heterogeneous pool of blood cells featuring a significant functional variability. Under pathological conditions, they can differentiate into discrete subpopulations with va rious phenotypic and functional characteristics. They are capable of interaction with macrophages, natural killers, dendritic and mesenchymal stem cells, B and T lymphocytes or platelets. In addition, neutrophils exhibit vector properties with respect to cancerous tumours. They possess a high morphological and functional variability, being modulators of both inflammation and active triggers of immune responses. A search for molecular markers able to efficiently differentiate neutrophil phenotypes and establish the degree of their diagnostic specificity for various pathologies is of a particular importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. G. Andryukov
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology;
Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, Department of Basic Sciences
| | - V. D. Bogdanova
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, Department of Basic Sciences
| | - I. N. Lyapun
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
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19
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Talla U, Bozonet SM, Parker HA, Hampton MB, Vissers MCM. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia induces an autophagy-like cell survival program in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1367-1379. [PMID: 31412152 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0319-079rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils contribute to low oxygen availability at inflammatory sites through the generation of reactive oxidants. They are also functionally affected by hypoxia, which delays neutrophil apoptosis. However, the eventual fate of neutrophils in hypoxic conditions is unknown and this is important for their effective clearance and the resolution of inflammation. We have monitored the survival and function of normal human neutrophils exposed to hypoxia over a 48 h period. Apoptosis was delayed, and the cells remained intact even at 48 h. However, hypoxia promoted significant changes in neutrophil morphology with the appearance of many new cytoplasmic vesicles, often containing cell material, within 5 hours of exposure to low O2 . This coincided with an increase in LC3B-II expression, indicative of autophagosome formation and an autophagy-like process. In hypoxic conditions, neutrophils preferentially lost myeloperoxidase, a marker of azurophil granules. Short-term (2 h) hypoxic exposure resulted in sustained potential to generate superoxide when O2 was restored, but the capacity for oxidant production was lost with longer periods of hypoxia. Phagocytic ability was unchanged by hypoxia, and bacterial killing by neutrophils in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions was substantially diminished after 24 hours. However, pre-exposure to hypoxia resulted in an enhanced ability to kill bacteria by oxidant-independent mechanisms. Our data provide the first evidence for hypoxia as a driver of neutrophil autophagy that can influence the function and ultimate fate of these cells, including their eventual clearance and the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usharani Talla
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Bozonet
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Heather A Parker
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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20
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in neutrophils through calcium signaling. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:855-868. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Paparini DE, Choudhury RH, Vota DM, Karolczak-Bayatti M, Finn-Sell S, Grasso EN, Hauk VC, Ramhorst R, Pérez Leirós C, Aplin JD. Vasoactive intestinal peptide shapes first-trimester placenta trophoblast, vascular, and immune cell cooperation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:964-980. [PMID: 30726565 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells are responsible for decidual stromal invasion, vascular transformation, and the recruitment and functional modulation of maternal leukocytes in the first-trimester pregnant uterus. An early disruption of EVT function leads to placental insufficiency underlying pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a vasodilating and immune modulatory factor synthesized by trophoblast cells. However, its role in first-trimester placenta has not been explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that VIP is involved in first-trimester EVT outgrowth, spiral artery remodelling, balancing angiogenesis, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH First-trimester placental tissue (five to nine weeks of gestation) was collected, and was used for EVT outgrowth experiments, immunofluorescence, isolation of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells and decidual macrophages (dMA), and functional assays. Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated with GM-CSF and used for angiogenesis assays. KEY RESULTS In decidua basalis, VIP+ EVT were observed sprouting from cell columns and lining spiral arterioles. EVT migrating from placental explants were also VIP+. VIP increased EVT outgrowth and IL-10 release, whereas it decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in EVT, dNK cells, and dMA. VIP disrupted endothelial cell networks, both directly and indirectly via an effect on macrophages. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that VIP assists the progress of EVT invasion and vessel remodelling in first-trimester placental bed in an immunologically "silent" milieu. The effects of VIP in the present ex vivo human placental model endorse its potential as a therapeutic candidate for deep placentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Paparini
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruhul H Choudhury
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Daiana M Vota
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Karolczak-Bayatti
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Finn-Sell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Esteban N Grasso
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa C Hauk
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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22
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Zeng MY, Miralda I, Armstrong CL, Uriarte SM, Bagaitkar J. The roles of NADPH oxidase in modulating neutrophil effector responses. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:27-38. [PMID: 30632295 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are phagocytic innate immune cells essential for killing bacteria via activation of a wide variety of effector responses and generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Majority of the ROS in neutrophils is generated by activation of the superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Independent of their anti-microbial function, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS have emerged as key regulators of host immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation. Data from patients with inherited defects in the NADPH oxidase subunit alleles that ablate its enzyme function as well as mouse models demonstrate profound dysregulation of host inflammatory responses, neutrophil hyper-activation and tissue damage in response to microbial ligands or tissue trauma. A large body of literature now demonstrates how oxidants function as essential signaling molecules that are essential for the regulation of neutrophil responses during priming, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and apoptosis, independent of their role in microbial killing. In this review we summarize how NADPH oxidase-derived oxidants modulate neutrophil function in a cell intrinsic manner and regulate host inflammatory responses. In addition, we summarize studies that have elucidated possible roles of oxidants in neutrophilic responses within the oral mucosa and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Cortney L Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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23
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Maternal β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during pregnancy affects early folliculogenesis in the ovary of newborn piglets. Theriogenology 2019; 128:91-100. [PMID: 30743108 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite with protein anabolic effects. This study was designed to determine whether prenatal HMB treatment has an effect on oogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovary of newborn piglets. HMB decreased the number of egg nests and primordial follicles and increased the pool of developing follicles compared to the control group. Although the percentage of TUNEL-positive oocytes within the egg nests was higher in HMB-treated group no increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and active caspase-3 expression was observed. Moreover, the granulosa cell proliferation index and StAR protein expression were higher in HMB-treated group. In contrast to the control group, the expression of E-cadherins was reduced after the HMB treatment. In addition, a significant increase in the serum level of gonadotropins and steroid hormones was detected in HMB-treated piglets. In conclusion, prenatal HMB treatment dysregulates hormonal homeostasis which impairs early folliculogenesis in piglets.
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24
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Cai W, Zhong S, Zheng F, Zhang Y, Gao F, Xu H, Cai X, Lan J, Huang D, Shi G. Angiotensin II confers resistance to apoptosis in cardiac myofibroblasts through the AT1/ERK1/2/RSK1 pathway. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:261-276. [PMID: 30452117 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblast apoptosis is essential for normal resolution of wound repair, including cardiac infarction repair. Impaired cardiac myofibroblast (CMF) apoptosis is associated with excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, which could be responsible for pathological cardiac fibrosis. Conventionally, angiotensin II (Ang II), a soluble peptide, is implicated in fibrogenesis because it induces cardiac fibroblast (CFb) proliferation, differentiation, and collagen synthesis. However, the role of Ang II in regulation of CMF survival and apoptosis has not been fully clarified. In this report, we cultured neonatal rat CFbs, which transform into CMFs after passage 3 (6-8 days), and investigated the effects of Ang II on CMFs challenged by TNF-α combined with cycloheximide and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that Ang II rapidly activates MAPKs but not AKT in CMFs and confers apoptosis resistance, as evidenced by the inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage, early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic cells. This inhibitory effect of Ang II was reversed by blockade of AT1 or inactivation of ERK1/2 or RSK1 but not AT2, indicating that activation of the prosurvival AT1/ERK1/2/RSK1 signaling pathway mediates apoptosis resistance. TGF-β, a latent fibrotic factor, was found to have no relation to Ang II-induced apoptosis resistance in our study. Furthermore, Ang II-mediated apoptosis resistance, which was conferred by activation of the AT1/ERK1/2/RSK1 signaling pathway, was also confirmed in human adult ventricular cardiac myofibroblasts. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel profibrotic mechanism of Ang II in which it promotes myofibroblast resistance to apoptosis in addition to classical mechanisms, providing a potential novel therapeutic approach by targeting prosurvival signaling pathways. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):261-276, 2019.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/cytology
- Myofibroblasts/drug effects
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongquan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangna Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhong Lan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danmei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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25
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Addition of curcumin to the diet of dairy sheep improves health, performance and milk quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Enhanced neutrophil autophagy and increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:119-128. [PMID: 30312880 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a high morbidity and disability disease with numerous inflammatory cells infiltrating in interstitial of articular cartilages and bones. As the most abundant inflammatory cells, neutrophil has been reported that their apoptosis changed gradually in the circumstance of RA. Apoptosis, one modality of programmed cell death (PCD), is closely associated with autophagy, which indicates neutrophil autophagy may also alter in RA. Flow cytometry, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscope and multiplex antibody microarray were used to comparative investigate the status of neutrophil autophagy in patients with RA and in vitro. The results showed that the expression of autophagy related LC3 protein was up-regulated with lower lysosomal pH in neutrophils from synovial fluid of RA and changed under stimulation of CQ and small RNA interferences (siRNAs) Atg5 transfection, which proved in acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell lines, predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte, treated by plasma and synovial fluid from RA. We further found out the concentration of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 was higher in their synovial fluid which may mediate neutrophil autophagy in RA via cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and IL-17 signaling pathway. Our results indicate that neutrophil autophagy may be a novel perspective to understand the pathology which may provide a new maker to diagnose RA and IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1 specific antagonists and neutrophil autophagy target inhibitors may improve the therapeutic effect of RA someday.
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27
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Snelgrove RJ, Patel DF, Patel T, Lloyd CM. The enigmatic role of the neutrophil in asthma: Friend, foe or indifferent? Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1275-1285. [PMID: 29900603 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Whilst severe asthma has classically been categorized as a predominantly Th2-driven pathology, there has in recent years been a paradigm shift with the realization that it is a heterogeneous disease that may manifest with quite disparate underlying inflammatory and remodelling profiles. A subset of asthmatics, particularly those with a severe, corticosteroid refractory disease, present with a prominent neutrophilic component. Given the potential of neutrophils to impart extensive tissue damage and promote inflammation, it has been anticipated that these cells are closely implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of severe asthma. However, uncertainty persists as to why the neutrophil is present in the asthmatic lung and what precisely it is doing there, with evidence supporting its role as a protagonist of pathology being primarily circumstantial. Furthermore, our view of the neutrophil as a primitive, indiscriminate killer has evolved with the realization that neutrophils can exhibit a marked anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving and wound healing capacity. We suggest that the neutrophil likely exhibits pleiotropic and potentially conflicting roles in defining asthma pathophysiology-some almost certainly detrimental and some potentially beneficial-with context, timing and location all critical confounders. Accordingly, indiscriminate blockade of neutrophils with a broad sword approach is unlikely to be the answer, but rather we should first seek to understand their complex and multifaceted roles in the disease state and then target them with the same subtleties and specificity that they themselves exhibit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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28
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Deniset JF, Kubes P. Neutrophil heterogeneity: Bona fide subsets or polarization states? J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:829-838. [PMID: 29462505 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0917-361r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system that play important roles during infection, injury, and chronic disease. In recent years, neutrophil heterogeneity has become an emerging focus with accumulating evidence of neutrophil populations with distinct functions under both steady-state and pathologic conditions. Despite these advances, it remains unclear whether these different populations represent bona fide subsets or simply activation/polarization states in response to local cues. In this review, we summarize the varied neutrophils populations that have been described under both basal and during inflammation. We discuss the evidence that supports the existence of neutrophils subsets. Finally, we identify potential gaps in our knowledge that may further advance our current understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Deniset
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Fonteh P, Smith M, Brand M. Adaptive Immune Cell Dysregulation and Role in Acute Pancreatitis Disease Progression and Treatment. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 66:199-209. [PMID: 29189884 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammation of the pancreas caused by various stimuli including excessive alcohol consumption, gallstone disease and certain viral infections. Managing specifically the severe form of AP is limited due to lack of an understanding of the complex immune events that occur during AP involving immune cells and inflammatory molecules such as cytokines. The relative abundance of various immune cells resulting from the immune dysregulation drives disease progression. In this review, we examine the literature on the adaptive immune cells in AP, the prognostic value of these cells in stratifying patients into appropriate care and treatment strategies based on cell frequency in different AP severities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Fonteh
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Martin Brand
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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30
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Lin J, He K, Zhao G, Li C, Hu L, Zhu G, Niu Y, Hao G. Mincle inhibits neutrophils and macrophages apoptosis in A. fumigatus keratitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Vo N, Anh Suong DN, Yoshino N, Yoshida H, Cotterill S, Yamaguchi M. Novel roles of HP1a and Mcm10 in DNA replication, genome maintenance and photoreceptor cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1233-1254. [PMID: 28180289 PMCID: PMC5388399 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Mcm10 and HP1a are known to be required for DNA replication. However, underlying mechanism is not clarified yet especially for HP1. Knockdown of both HP1a and Mcm10 genes inhibited the progression of S phase in Drosophila eye imaginal discs. Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) demonstrated that HP1a is in close proximity to DNA replication proteins including Mcm10, RFC140 and DNA polymerase ε 255 kDa subunit in S-phase. This was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The PLA signals between Mcm10 and HP1a are specifically observed in the mitotic cycling cells, but not in the endocycling cells. Interestingly, many cells in the posterior regions of eye imaginal discs carrying a double knockdown of Mcm10 and HP1a induced ectopic DNA synthesis and DNA damage without much of ectopic apoptosis. Therefore, the G1-S checkpoint may be affected by knockdown of both proteins. This event was also the case with other HP family proteins such as HP4 and HP6. In addition, both Mcm10 and HP1a are required for differentiation of photoreceptor cells R1, R6 and R7. Further analyses on several developmental genes involved in the photoreceptor cell differentiation suggest that a role of both proteins is mediated by regulation of the lozenge gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Vo
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dang Ngoc Anh Suong
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Natsuki Yoshino
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sue Cotterill
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St Georges, University of London, London, UK
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
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32
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Abstract
The life span of a neutrophil is a tightly regulated process as extended survival is beneficial for pathogen elimination and cell death necessary to prevent cytotoxic content release from activated neutrophils at the inflammatory site. Therefore, the control between survival and death must be a dynamic process. We have previously described that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which is known as a nuclear protein pivotal in DNA synthesis, is a key element in controlling neutrophil survival through its association with procaspases. Contrary to the dogma which asserted that PCNA has a strictly nuclear function, in mature neutrophils, PCNA is present exclusively within the cytosol due to its nuclear export at the end of the granulocytic differentiation. More recent studies are consistent with the notion that the cytosolic scaffold of PCNA is aimed at modulating neutrophil fate rather than simply preventing death. Ultimately, targeting neutrophil survival might have important applications not just in the field of immunology and inflammation, but also in hematology and transfusion. The neutrophil emerges as a unique and powerful cellular model to unravel the basic mechanisms governing the cell cycle-independent functions of PCNA and should be considered as a leader of the pack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Ohayon
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, Paris, France
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33
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Marteyn BS, Burgel PR, Meijer L, Witko-Sarsat V. Harnessing Neutrophil Survival Mechanisms during Chronic Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel Therapeutic Targets to Dampen Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:243. [PMID: 28713772 PMCID: PMC5492487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than two decades after cloning the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, the defective gene in cystic fibrosis (CF), we still do not understand how dysfunction of this ion channel causes lung disease and the tremendous neutrophil burden which persists within the airways; nor why chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa develops in CF patients who are thought to be immunocompetent. It appears that the microenvironment within the lung of CF patients provides favorable conditions for both P. aeruginosa colonization and neutrophil survival. In this context, the ability of bacteria to induce hypoxia, which in turn affects neutrophil survival is an additional level of complexity that needs to be accounted for when controlling neutrophil fate in CF. Recent studies have underscored the importance of neutrophils in innate immunity and their functions appear to extend far beyond their well-described role in antibacterial defense. Perhaps a disturbance in neutrophil reprogramming during the course of an infection severely modulates the inflammatory response in CF. Furthermore there is an emerging concept that the CFTR itself may be an immune modulator and stimulating CFTR function in CF patients could promote neutrophil and macrophages antimicrobial function. Fostering the resolution of inflammation by favoring neutrophil apoptosis could preserve their microbicidal activities but decrease their proinflammatory potential. In this context, triggering neutrophil apoptosis with roscovitine may be a potential therapeutic option and this is currently being evaluated in CF patients. In the present review we discuss how neutrophils functions are disturbed in CF and how this may relate to chronic infection with P. aeuginosa and we propose novel research directions aimed at modulating neutrophil survival, dampening lung inflammation and ultimately leading to an amelioration of the lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît S Marteyn
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut PasteurParis, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U12021202Paris, France.,Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.,Pneumology Department, Hôpital CochinParis, France
| | | | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016, Institut CochinParis, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 8104Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex InflamexParis, France
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Martin C, Ohayon D, Alkan M, Mocek J, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Candalh C, Thevenot G, Millet A, Tamassia N, Cassatella MA, Thieblemont N, Burgel PR, Witko-Sarsat V. Neutrophil-Expressed p21/waf1 Favors Inflammation Resolution in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:740-50. [PMID: 26517580 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0047oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-associated inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is a determinant of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). Neutrophil apoptosis is a key factor in inflammation resolution and is controlled by cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). p21/Waf1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is a partner of PCNA, and its mRNA is up-regulated in human neutrophils during LPS challenge. We show here that, after 7 days of persistent infection with P. aeruginosa, neutrophilic inflammation was more prominent in p21(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Notably, no intrinsic defect in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages was found in p21(-/-) compared with WT mice. Inflammatory cell analysis in peritoneal lavages after zymosan-induced peritonitis showed a significantly increased number of neutrophils at 48 hours in p21(-/-) compared with WT mice. In vitro analysis was consistent with delayed neutrophil apoptosis in p21(-/-) compared with WT mice. Ectopic expression of p21/waf1 in neutrophil-differentiated PLB985 cells potentiated apoptosis and reversed the prosurvival effect of PCNA. In human neutrophils, p21 messenger RNA was induced by TNF-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and LPS. Neutrophils isolated from patients with CF showed enhanced survival, which was reduced after treatment with a carboxy-peptide derived from the sequence of p21/waf1. Notably, p21/waf1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in neutrophils within lungs from patients with CF. Our data reveal a novel role for p21/waf1 in the resolution of inflammation via its ability to control neutrophil apoptosis. This mechanism may be relevant in the neutrophil-dominated inflammation observed in CF and other chronic inflammatory lung conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Martin
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,2 Department of Pneumology, Cochin Hospital, France
| | - Delphine Ohayon
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Manal Alkan
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Julie Mocek
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Céline Candalh
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Guiti Thevenot
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Millet
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- 6 Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Nathalie Thieblemont
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,2 Department of Pneumology, Cochin Hospital, France
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- 1 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,4 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris France.,5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France; and
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Graubardt N, Vugman M, Mouhadeb O, Caliari G, Pasmanik-Chor M, Reuveni D, Zigmond E, Brazowski E, David E, Chappell-Maor L, Jung S, Varol C. Ly6C hi Monocytes and Their Macrophage Descendants Regulate Neutrophil Function and Clearance in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 8:626. [PMID: 28620383 PMCID: PMC5451509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMF) play a pivotal role in the resolution of acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). Timely termination of neutrophil activity and their clearance are essential for liver regeneration following injury. Here, we show that infiltrating Ly6Chi monocytes, their macrophage descendants, and neutrophils spatially and temporally overlap in the centrilobular necrotic areas during the necroinflammatory and resolution phases of AILI. At the necroinflammatory phase, inducible ablation of circulating Ly6Chi monocytes resulted in reduced numbers and fractions of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing neutrophils. In alignment with this, neutrophils sorted from monocyte-deficient livers exhibited reduced expression of NADPH oxidase 2. Moreover, human CD14+ monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or hepatocyte apoptotic bodies directly induced ROS production by cocultured neutrophils. RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling of neutrophils from Ly6Chi monocyte-deficient versus normal livers revealed 449 genes that were differentially expressed with at least twofold change (p ≤ 0.05). In the absence of Ly6Chi monocytes, neutrophils displayed gene expression alterations associated with decreased innate immune activity and increased cell survival. At the early resolution phase, Ly6Chi monocytes differentiated into ephemeral Ly6Clo MoMF and their absence resulted in significant accumulation of late apoptotic neutrophils. Further gene expression analysis revealed the induced expression of a specific repertoire of bridging molecules and receptors involved with apoptotic cell clearance during the transition from Ly6Chi monocytes to MoMF. Collectively, our findings establish a phase-dependent task division between liver-infiltrating Ly6Chi monocytes and their MoMF descendants with the former regulating innate immune functions and cell survival of neutrophils and the later neutrophil clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Graubardt
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Milena Vugman
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriele Caliari
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, G. S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Debby Reuveni
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Zigmond
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Brazowski
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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36
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Kruppel-like factor 4 regulates neutrophil activation. Blood Adv 2017; 1:662-668. [PMID: 29296708 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in circulation and are key components of the innate immune response. Clinical and experimental studies support an important role for the neutrophils in a broad spectrum of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, our understanding of nodal points that control neutrophil activation remains incompletely understood. Over the past decade, studies have linked members of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) to myeloid cell differentiation and function. Here we show that KLF4 is a critical transcriptional regulator of neutrophil biology. KLF4-deficient neutrophils exhibited impaired responses to inflammatory stimulation ex vivo, including reduced production of cytokines and reactive oxygen species, impaired degranulation, and impaired bacterial killing and clearance. Consequently, mice bearing myeloid-specific conditional KLF4 deficiency (K4-cKO) exhibited enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection but resistance to lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Finally, mechanistic studies revealed that the defects in KLF4-deficient neutrophils likely resulted from the defective Toll-like receptor 4-NF-κB signaling. Collectively, these findings identify KLF4 as a novel transcriptional regulator of neutrophil activation.
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37
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Manohar M, Verma AK, Venkateshaiah SU, Sanders NL, Mishra A. Pathogenic mechanisms of pancreatitis. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2017; 8:10-25. [PMID: 28217371 PMCID: PMC5292603 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is inflammation of pancreas and caused by a number of factors including pancreatic duct obstruction, alcoholism, and mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene. Pancreatitis is represented as acute pancreatitis with acute inflammatory responses and; chronic pancreatitis characterized by marked stroma formation with a high number of infiltrating granulocytes (such as neutrophils, eosinophils), monocytes, macrophages and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). These inflammatory cells are known to play a central role in initiating and promoting inflammation including pancreatic fibrosis, i.e., a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A number of inflammatory cytokines are known to involve in promoting pancreatic pathogenesis that lead pancreatic fibrosis. Pancreatic fibrosis is a dynamic phenomenon that requires an intricate network of several autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. In this review, we have provided the details of various cytokines and molecular mechanistic pathways (i.e., Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Rho kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase) that have a critical role in the activation of PSCs to promote chronic pancreatitis and trigger the phenomenon of pancreatic fibrogenesis. In this review of literature, we discuss the involvement of several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as in interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 IL-10, IL-18, IL-33 and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the pathogenesis of disease. Our review also highlights the significance of several experimental animal models that have an important role in dissecting the mechanistic pathways operating in the development of chronic pancreatitis, including pancreatic fibrosis. Additionally, we provided several intermediary molecules that are involved in major signaling pathways that might provide target molecules for future therapeutic treatment strategies for pancreatic pathogenesis.
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38
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Role of granule proteases in the life and death of neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:473-481. [PMID: 28212734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute a crucial component of the innate immune defenses against microbes. Produced in the bone marrow and patrolling in blood vessels, neutrophils are recruited to injured tissues and are immediately active to contain pathogen invasion. Neutrophils undergo programmed cell death by multiple, context-specific pathways, which have consequences on immunopathology and disease outcome. Studies in the last decade indicate additional functions for neutrophils - or a subset of neutrophils - in modulating adaptive responses and tumor progression. Neutrophil granules contain abundant amounts of various proteases, which are directly implicated in protective and pathogenic functions of neutrophils. It now emerges that neutral serine proteases such as cathepsin G and proteinase-3 also contribute to the neutrophil life cycle, but do so via different pathways than that of the aspartate protease cathepsin D and that of mutants of the serine protease elastase. The aim of this review is to appraise the present knowledge of the function of neutrophil granule proteases and their inhibitors in neutrophil cell death, and to integrate these findings in the current understandings of neutrophil life cycle and programmed cell death pathways.
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39
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Lavie L, Dyugovskaya L, Polyakov A, Rogovoy O, Leder E. Development and Identification of a Novel Subpopulation of Human Neutrophil-derived Giant Phagocytes In Vitro. J Vis Exp 2017:54826. [PMID: 28190059 PMCID: PMC5352295 DOI: 10.3791/54826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (PMN) are best known for their phagocytic functions against invading pathogens and microorganisms. They have the shortest half-life amongst leukocytes and in their non-activated state are constitutively committed to apoptosis. When recruited to inflammatory sites to resolve inflammation, they produce an array of cytotoxic molecules with potent antimicrobial killing. Yet, when these powerful cytotoxic molecules are released in an uncontrolled manner they can damage surrounding tissues. In recent years however, neutrophil versatility is increasingly evidenced, by demonstrating plasticity and immunoregulatory functions. We have recently identified a new neutrophil-derived subpopulation, which develops spontaneously in standard culture conditions without the addition of cytokines/growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/interleukin (IL)-4. Their phagocytic abilities of neutrophil remnants largely contribute to increase their size immensely; therefore they were termed giant phagocytes (Gϕ). Unlike neutrophils, Gϕ are long lived in culture. They express the cluster of differentiation (CD) neutrophil markers CD66b/CD63/CD15/CD11b/myeloperoxidase (MPO)/neutrophil elastase (NE), and are devoid of the monocytic lineage markers CD14/CD16/CD163 and the dendritic CD1c/CD141 markers. They also take-up latex and zymosan, and respond by oxidative burst to stimulation with opsonized-zymosan and PMA. Gϕ also express the scavenger receptors CD68/CD36, and unlike neutrophils, internalize oxidized-low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Moreover, unlike fresh neutrophils, or cultured monocytes, they respond to oxLDL uptake by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, these phagocytes contain microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3B (LC3B) coated vacuoles, indicating the activation of autophagy. Using specific inhibitors it is evident that both phagocytosis and autophagy are prerequisites for their development and likely NADPH oxidase dependent ROS. We describe here a method for the preparation of this new subpopulation of long-lived, neutrophil-derived phagocytic cells in culture, their identification and their currently known characteristics. This protocol is essential for obtaining and characterizing Gϕ in order to further investigate their significance and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Lavie
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Insitute of Technology;
| | - Larissa Dyugovskaya
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Insitute of Technology
| | - Andrey Polyakov
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Insitute of Technology
| | - Oksana Rogovoy
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Insitute of Technology
| | - Eva Leder
- The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Insitute of Technology
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40
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Group 3 innate lymphoid cells regulate neutrophil migration and function in human decidua. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1372-1383. [PMID: 26906405 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have a central role in innate defenses against pathogens, lymphoid organogenesis, and tissue remodeling. They have been detected in human decidua, however, their role in this tissue remains unclear. Successful pregnancy requires an early inflammatory phase favoring implantation and tissue remodeling as well as a subsequent regulatory phase to prevent fetal rejection and supporting neoangiogenesis. Here, we show that, during the first trimester of pregnancy, neutrophils infiltrate decidua basalis and are more abundant in normal pregnancy than in spontaneous miscarriages. Decidual neutrophils localize in proximity of NCR+ILC3, which may influence neutrophil migration and survival given their production of CXCL8 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Moreover, NCR+ILC3-derived GM-CSF was found to induce the expression of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and IL1ra in neutrophils, two proteins/cytokines involved in tissue remodeling and maintenance of pregnancy. Our data suggest that the simultaneous presence of NCR+ILC3 and neutrophils in decidual tissues and their possible cross talk, may have a role in the early phases of pregnancy.
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41
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Díaz FE, Dantas E, Cabrera M, Benítez CA, Delpino MV, Duette G, Rubione J, Sanjuan N, Trevani AS, Geffner J. Fever-range hyperthermia improves the anti-apoptotic effect induced by low pH on human neutrophils promoting a proangiogenic profile. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2437. [PMID: 27787523 PMCID: PMC5133997 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils have the shortest lifespan among leukocytes and usually die via apoptosis, limiting their deleterious potential. However, this tightly regulated cell death program can be modulated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), and inflammatory cytokines. We have previously reported that low pH, a hallmark of inflammatory processes and solid tumors, moderately delays neutrophil apoptosis. Here we show that fever-range hyperthermia accelerates the rate of neutrophil apoptosis at neutral pH but markedly increases neutrophil survival induced by low pH. Interestingly, an opposite effect was observed in lymphocytes; hyperthermia plus low pH prevents lymphocyte activation and promotes the death of lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines. Analysis of the mechanisms through which hyperthermia plus low pH increased neutrophil survival revealed that hyperthermia further decreases cytosolic pH induced by extracellular acidosis. The fact that two Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitors, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) and amiloride, reproduced the effects induced by hyperthermia suggested that it prolongs neutrophil survival by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiporter. The neutrophil anti-apoptotic effect induced by PAMPs, DAMPs, and inflammatory cytokines usually leads to the preservation of the major neutrophil effector functions such as phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In contrast, our data revealed that the anti-apoptotic effect induced by low pH and hyperthermia induced a functional profile characterized by a low phagocytic activity, an impairment in ROS production and a high ability to suppress T-cell activation and to produce the angiogenic factors VEGF, IL-8, and the matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). These results suggest that acting together fever and local acidosis might drive the differentiation of neutrophils into a profile able to promote both cancer progression and tissue repair during the late phase of inflammation, two processes that are strongly dependent on the local production of angiogenic factors by infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Erra Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza A Benítez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Duette
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Rubione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Sanjuan
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S Trevani
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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42
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Ohayon D, De Chiara A, Chapuis N, Candalh C, Mocek J, Ribeil JA, Haddaoui L, Ifrah N, Hermine O, Bouillaud F, Frachet P, Bouscary D, Witko-Sarsat V. Cytoplasmic proliferating cell nuclear antigen connects glycolysis and cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35561. [PMID: 27759041 PMCID: PMC5069676 DOI: 10.1038/srep35561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a scaffolding protein involved in DNA replication, has been described as a key element in survival of mature neutrophil granulocytes, which are non-proliferating cells. Herein, we demonstrated an active export of PCNA involved in cell survival and chemotherapy resistance. Notably, daunorubicin-resistant HL-60 cells (HL-60R) have a prominent cytosolic PCNA localization due to increased nuclear export compared to daunorubicin-sensitive HL-60 cells (HL-60S). By interacting with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a protein involved in NAD biosynthesis, PCNA coordinates glycolysis and survival, especially in HL-60R cells. These cells showed a dramatic increase in intracellular NAD+ concentration as well as glycolysis including increased expression and activity of hexokinase 1 and increased lactate production. Furthermore, this functional activity of cytoplasmic PCNA was also demonstrated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our data uncover a novel pathway of nuclear export of PCNA that drives cell survival by increasing metabolism flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ohayon
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Alessia De Chiara
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Céline Candalh
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Julie Mocek
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Ribeil
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Department, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lamya Haddaoui
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France.,Hematology Department CHU &UMR INSERM U892/CNRS6299, Université d'Angers, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Necker Hospital Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), France.,INSERM UMR1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Frachet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre Etude Atomique, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Bouscary
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,FILO: French Innovative Leukemia Organization (GOELAMS), CHU Bretonneau, TOURS France
| | - Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, France
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Loss of XIAP facilitates switch to TNFα-induced necroptosis in mouse neutrophils. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2422. [PMID: 27735938 PMCID: PMC5133978 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential players in the first-line defense against invading bacteria and fungi. Besides its antiapoptotic role, the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member X-linked IAP (XIAP) has been shown to regulate innate immune signaling. Whereas the role of XIAP in innate signaling pathways is derived mostly from work in macrophages and dendritic cells, it is not known if and how XIAP contributes to these pathways in neutrophils. Here we show that in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), mouse neutrophils secreted considerable amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and, in accordance with earlier reports, XIAP prevented LPS-induced hypersecretion of IL-1β also in neutrophils. Interestingly, and in contrast to macrophages or dendritic cells, Xiap-deficient neutrophils were insensitive to LPS-induced cell death. However, combined loss of function of XIAP and cIAP1/-2 resulted in rapid neutrophil cell death in response to LPS. This cell death occurred by classical apoptosis initiated by a TNFα- and RIPK1-dependent, but RIPK3- and MLKL-independent, pathway. Inhibition of caspases under the same experimental conditions caused a shift to RIPK3-dependent cell death. Accordingly, we demonstrate that treatment of neutrophils with high concentrations of TNFα induced apoptotic cell death, which was fully blockable by pancaspase inhibition in wild-type neutrophils. However, in the absence of XIAP, caspase inhibition resulted in a shift from apoptosis to RIPK3- and MLKL-dependent necroptosis. Loss of XIAP further sensitized granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-primed neutrophils to TNFα-induced killing. These data suggest that XIAP antagonizes the switch from TNFα-induced apoptosis to necroptosis in mouse neutrophils. Moreover, our data may implicate an important role of neutrophils in the development of hyperinflammation and disease progression of patients diagnosed with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2, which are deficient in XIAP.
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Nosáľ R, Drábiková K, Jančinová V, Mačičková T, Pečivová J, Perečko T, Harmatha J, Šmidrkal J. On the pharmacology of oxidative burst of human neutrophils. Physiol Res 2016; 64:S445-52. [PMID: 26681073 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of three therapeutically used drugs and five polyphenolic compounds on the mechanism of oxidative burst was compared in whole blood and isolated neutrophils at cellular and molecular level. In 10 microM concentration, the compounds investigated decreased the oxidative burst of whole blood in the rank order of potency: N-feruloylserotonin (N-f-5HT) > curcumin (CUR) > quercetin (QUER) > arbutin (ARB) > resveratrol (RES) > dithiaden (DIT) > carvedilol (CARV) > brompheniramine (BPA). The ratio between the percentage inhibition of extracellular versus intracellular chemiluminescence (CL) followed the rank order QUER > N-f-5HT > RES > CUR > DIT and is indicative of the positive effect of the compounds tested against oxidative burst of neutrophils, demonstrating suppression of reactive oxygen species extracellularly with minimal alteration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of protein kinase C was significantly decreased by DIT, CUR, QUER and N-f-5HT. CARV, DIT, QUER and ARB reduced activated neutrophil myeloperoxidase release more significantly compared with the effect on superoxide anion generation. All compounds tested increased the activity of caspase-3 in cell-free system. It is suggested that other regulatory mechanisms than protein kinase C might participate in the inhibition of neutrophil activation with the compounds tested. Different mechanisms are concerned in controlling the assembly of NADPH oxidase and the regulatory role of calcium ions is suggested. Compounds decreasing the amount of extracellular ROS generation, yet affecting but minimally intracellular ROS generation, are promising for further investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nosáľ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Regulation of tissue infiltration by neutrophils: role of integrin α3β1 and other factors. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:36-43. [PMID: 26554893 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neutrophils have traditionally been viewed in the context of acute infection and inflammation forming the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Neutrophil trafficking to the site of inflammation requires adhesion and transmigration through blood vessels, which is orchestrated by adhesion molecules, such as β2 and β1-integrins, chemokines, and cytokines. The review focuses on recent advances in understanding the regulators of neutrophil recruitment during inflammation in both acute and chronic settings. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings suggest that besides the established pathways of selectin or chemokine-mediated integrin activation, signaling by distinct Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (especially TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5) can activate integrin-dependent neutrophil adhesion. Moreover, the integrin α3β1 has been vitally implicated as a new player in neutrophil recruitment and TLR-mediated responses in septic inflammation. Furthermore, several endogenous inhibitory mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment have been identified, including the secreted molecules Del-1, PTX3, and GDF-15, which block distinct steps of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, as well as novel regulatory signaling pathways, involving the protein kinase AKT1 and IFN-λ2/IL-28A. SUMMARY The leukocyte adhesion cascade is a tightly regulated process, subjected to both positive and negative regulators. Dysregulation of this process and hence neutrophil recruitment can lead to the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Kinkead LC, Allen LAH. Multifaceted effects of Francisella tularensis on human neutrophil function and lifespan. Immunol Rev 2016; 273:266-81. [PMID: 27558340 PMCID: PMC5000853 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis in an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes a potentially lethal disease called tularemia. Studies performed nearly 100 years ago revealed that neutrophil accumulation in infected tissues correlates directly with the extent of necrotic damage during F. tularensis infection. However, the dynamics and details of bacteria-neutrophil interactions have only recently been studied in detail. Herein, we review current understanding regarding the mechanisms that recruit neutrophils to F. tularensis-infected lungs, opsonization and phagocytosis, evasion and inhibition of neutrophil defense mechanisms, as well as the ability of F. tularensis to prolong neutrophil lifespan. In addition, we discuss distinctive features of the bacterium, including its ability to act at a distance to alter overall neutrophil responsiveness to exogenous stimuli, and the evidence which suggests that macrophages and neutrophils play distinct roles in tularemia pathogenesis, such that macrophages are major vehicles for intracellular growth and dissemination, whereas neutrophils drive tissue destruction by dysregulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Kinkead
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lee-Ann H. Allen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242
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47
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Ricci-Azevedo R, Oliveira AF, Conrado MCAV, Carvalho FC, Roque-Barreira MC. Neutrophils Contribute to the Protection Conferred by ArtinM against Intracellular Pathogens: A Study on Leishmania major. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004609. [PMID: 27058234 PMCID: PMC4825989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ArtinM, a D-mannose binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus, has immunomodulatory activities through its interaction with N-glycans of immune cells, culminating with the establishment of T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. This interaction protects mice against intracellular pathogens, including Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis. ArtinM induces neutrophils activation, which is known to account for both resistance to pathogens and host tissue injury. Although exacerbated inflammation was not observed in ArtinM-treated animals, assessment of neutrophil responses to ArtinM is required to envisage its possible application to design a novel immunomodulatory agent based on carbohydrate recognition. Herein, we focus on the mechanisms through which neutrophils contribute to ArtinM-induced protection against Leishmania, without exacerbating inflammation. For this purpose, human neutrophils treated with ArtinM and infected with Leishmania major were analyzed together with untreated and uninfected controls, based on their ability to eliminate the parasite, release cytokines, degranulate, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and change life span. We demonstrate that ArtinM-stimulated neutrophils enhanced L. major clearance and at least duplicated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) release; otherwise, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) production was reduced by half. Furthermore, ROS production and cell degranulation were augmented. The life span of ArtinM-stimulated neutrophils decreased and they did not form NETs when infected with L. major. We postulate that the enhanced leishmanicidal ability of ArtinM-stimulated neutrophils is due to augmented release of inflammatory cytokines, ROS production, and cell degranulation, whereas host tissue integrity is favored by their shortened life span and the absence of NET formation. Our results reinforce the idea that ArtinM may be considered an appropriate molecular template for the construction of an efficient anti-infective agent. Vaccination is a successful way to eliminate infectious diseases. The generated antibodies neutralize the invading microbe and avoid the establishment of infection. Vaccines are efficient to prevent infections by pathogens living outside rather than inside the host`s cells. This occurs because protection against intracellular pathogens requires the engagement of T lymphocytes. The discovery of receptors on innate immunity cells opened new perspectives in trying manners to stimulate effective response against intracellular pathogens. Frequently the microbial sensing by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) besides triggering immediate defense also orchestrates adaptative immunity towards T-cell response. Therefore, TLR ligands started to be assayed in new anti-infective approaches. Our laboratory has been investigating the immunomodulation induced by lectins, which are ubiquitous sugar-binding proteins. Our primary model is ArtinM, from the seeds of jackfruit, a lectin that binds to TLR2 sugar chains on macrophages and dendritic cells and promotes production of cytokines that engages T lymphocytes in a process that culminate with elimination of intracellular pathogens. Concomitantly, ArtinM activates other immune cells, including neutrophils, which contributes to the pathogen elimination, but may also account for tissue damage. This last possibility led us to investigate the lectin effects on neutrophils deeply. We analyzed neutrophils treated with ArtinM and infected with Leishmania major. We concluded that the leishmanicidal ability of ArtinM-stimulated neutrophils was due to augmented release of inflammatory cytokines, ROS production, and cell degranulation. Otherwise, host tissue integrity is favored by shortened cells lifespan and absence of NET formation. This work reinforces the idea that ArtinM can be an appropriate molecular template for the construction of an efficient anti-infective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ricci-Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Aline Ferreira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marina C. A. V. Conrado
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Caroline Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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48
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Thieblemont N, Wright HL, Edwards SW, Witko-Sarsat V. Human neutrophils in auto-immunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:159-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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McCracken JM, Kinkead LC, McCaffrey RL, Allen LAH. Francisella tularensis Modulates a Distinct Subset of Regulatory Factors and Sustains Mitochondrial Integrity to Impair Human Neutrophil Apoptosis. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:299-313. [PMID: 26906922 DOI: 10.1159/000443882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a disease characterized by profound neutrophil accumulation and tissue destruction. The causative organism, Francisella tularensis, is a facultative intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil cytosol, inhibits caspase activation and profoundly prolongs cell lifespan. Here, we identify unique features of this infection and provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition. Mitochondria are critical regulators of neutrophil apoptosis. We demonstrate that F. tularensis significantly inhibits Bax translocation and Bid processing during 24-48 h of infection, and in this manner sustains mitochondrial integrity. Downstream of mitochondria, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibit caspase-9 and caspase-3 by direct binding. Notably, we find that PCNA disappeared rapidly and selectively from infected cells, thereby demonstrating that it is not essential for neutrophil survival, whereas upregulation of calpastatin correlated with diminished calpain activity and reduced XIAP degradation. In addition, R-roscovitine is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor developed for the treatment of cancer; it also induces neutrophil apoptosis and can promote the resolution of several infectious and inflammatory disorders. We confirm the ability of R-roscovitine to induce neutrophil apoptosis, but also demonstrate that its efficacy is significantly impaired by F. tularensis. Collectively, our findings advance the understanding of neutrophil apoptosis and its capacity to be manipulated by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M McCracken
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa and VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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50
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Kalra H, Drummen GPC, Mathivanan S. Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Introducing the Next Small Big Thing. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:170. [PMID: 26861301 PMCID: PMC4783904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication was long thought to be regulated exclusively through direct contact between cells or via release of soluble molecules that transmit the signal by binding to a suitable receptor on the target cell, and/or via uptake into that cell. With the discovery of small secreted vesicular structures that contain complex cargo, both in their lumen and the lipid membrane that surrounds them, a new frontier of signal transduction was discovered. These “extracellular vesicles” (EV) were initially thought to be garbage bags through which the cell ejected its waste. Whilst this is a major function of one type of EV, i.e., apoptotic bodies, many EVs have intricate functions in intercellular communication and compound exchange; although their physiological roles are still ill-defined. Additionally, it is now becoming increasingly clear that EVs mediate disease progression and therefore studying EVs has ignited significant interests among researchers from various fields of life sciences. Consequently, the research effort into the pathogenic roles of EVs is significantly higher even though their protective roles are not well established. The “Focus on extracellular vesicles” series of reviews highlights the current state of the art regarding various topics in EV research, whilst this review serves as an introductory overview of EVs, their biogenesis and molecular composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kalra
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Gregor P C Drummen
- Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Bio&Nano-Solutions, D-33647 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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