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Zhang Y, Vaidya N, Iyengar U, Sharma E, Holla B, Ahuja CK, Barker GJ, Basu D, Bharath RD, Chakrabarti A, Desrivieres S, Elliott P, Fernandes G, Gourisankar A, Heron J, Hickman M, Jacob P, Jain S, Jayarajan D, Kalyanram K, Kartik K, Krishna M, Krishnaveni G, Kumar K, Kumaran K, Kuriyan R, Murthy P, Orfanos DP, Purushottam M, Rangaswamy M, Kupard SS, Singh L, Singh R, Subodh BN, Thennarasu K, Toledano M, Varghese M, Benegal V, Schumann G. The Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (c-VEDA): an accelerated longitudinal cohort of children and adolescents in India. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1618-1630. [PMID: 32203154 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of disease attributable to externalizing disorders such as alcohol misuse calls urgently for effective prevention and intervention. As our current knowledge is mainly derived from high-income countries such in Europe and North-America, it is difficult to address the wider socio-cultural, psychosocial context, and genetic factors in which risk and resilience are embedded in low- and medium-income countries. c-VEDA was established as the first and largest India-based multi-site cohort investigating the vulnerabilities for the development of externalizing disorders, addictions, and other mental health problems. Using a harmonised data collection plan coordinated with multiple cohorts in China, USA, and Europe, baseline data were collected from seven study sites between November 2016 and May 2019. Nine thousand and ten participants between the ages of 6 and 23 were assessed during this time, amongst which 1278 participants underwent more intensive assessments including MRI scans. Both waves of follow-ups have started according to the accelerated cohort structure with planned missingness design. Here, we present descriptive statistics on several key domains of assessments, and the full baseline dataset will be made accessible for researchers outside the consortium in September 2019. More details can be found on our website [cveda.org].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Udita Iyengar
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eesha Sharma
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chirag K Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, London, King's College, London, UK
| | - Debasish Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gwen Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Public Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Preeti Jacob
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - Murali Krishna
- Foundation for Research and Advocacy in Mental Health, Mysuru, India
| | - Ghattu Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysuru, India
| | - Keshav Kumar
- Department of Mental Health and Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysuru, India.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Madhavi Rangaswamy
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (deemed to be university), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sunita Simon Kupard
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Medical Ethics, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lenin Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Roshan Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - B N Subodh
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kandavel Thennarasu
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mireille Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), LIN-Charite Research Group Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite, CCM, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Li JY, Li J, Liang JH, Qian S, Jia RX, Wang YQ, Xu Y. Depressive Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7459-7470. [PMID: 31586039 PMCID: PMC6792515 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms are a pervasive mental health problem in Chinese adolescents. The aim of this article was to systematically assess the trend of depressive symptoms in China among adolescents (1988 to 2018). Material/Methods A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CNKI, and Wan Fang Database, to identify relevant studies published between 1988 and 2018. Batteries of analyses in this meta-analysis were undertaken using Stata version 12.0 statistical software. Results Sixty-two related reports involving 232 586 participants finally met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results suggest the prevalence of depressive symptoms has generally increased over time. The prevalence estimates before 2000 were 18.4% (95% CI, 14.5–22.3%), and were 26.3% (95% CI, 21.9–30.8%) after 2016. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents was 22.2% (95% CI: 19.9–24.6%, I2=99.6%, p<0.001). More subgroup analyses classified by screening instrument, gender, and region were carried out in this meta-analysis. Conclusions Results of our meta-analysis suggest that depressive symptoms have become more prevalent among Chinese adolescents. This trend emphasizes the need for effective prevention strategies and greater availability of screening tools for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jing-Hong Liang
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Christmas island
| | - Sheng Qian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Xia Jia
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ying-Quan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, CA, China (mainland)
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3
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Dewey D. What Is Comorbidity and Why Does It Matter in Neurodevelopmental Disorders? CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-018-0152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Aghajani M, Klapwijk ET, Colins OF, Ziegler C, Domschke K, Vermeiren RRJM, van der Wee NJA. Interactions Between Oxytocin Receptor Gene Methylation and Callous-Unemotional Traits Impact Socioaffective Brain Systems in Conduct-Disordered Offenders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:379-391. [PMID: 29628070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental trajectory of psychopathy seemingly begins early in life and includes the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., perturbed socioaffective reactivity and empathy, callousness) in youths with conduct disorder (CD). Whereas oxytocin receptor gene methylation (OXTRMeth) and its downstream neuromodulatory effects are deemed relevant to CU traits, nothing is known of how OXTRMeth interacts with CU traits to impact socioaffective brain systems in youngsters with CD. METHODS Hence, we uniquely probed OXTRMeth × CU trait interactions on corticolimbic activity and amygdala subregional connections during recognition and resonance of distressing socioaffective stimuli (angry and fearful faces), in juvenile offenders with CD (n = 39) versus matched healthy control youths (n = 27). RESULTS Relative to healthy control youths, elevated OXTRMeth and CU levels in youths with CD essentially interacted to predict frontoparietal hyperactivity and amygdalo-frontoparietal disconnection during task performance. Specifically, increasing OXTRMeth and CU levels in youths with CD interactively predicted midcingulate hyperactivity during both emotion conditions, with insular, temporoparietal, and precuneal hyperactivity additionally emerging during emotion recognition. Interactions between high OXTRMeth and CU levels in youths with CD additionally predicted centromedial amygdala decoupling from ventromedial/orbitofrontal regions during emotion recognition, along with basolateral amygdala decoupling from precuneal and temporoparietal cortices during emotion resonance. CONCLUSIONS These results uniquely suggest that interactions between OXTRMeth and CU traits in youths with CD may affect brain systems critical to decoding and integrating socioaffective information. Developmental models of CU traits and psychopathy could thus possibly advance by further examining OXTR epigenetic effects, which may hold promise for indicated prevention and personalized treatment by targeting oxytocinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moji Aghajani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eduard T Klapwijk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; Brain and Development Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christiane Ziegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Pschiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Mundy EA, Weber M, Rauch SL, Killgore WDS, Simon NM, Pollack MH, Rosso IM. ADULT ANXIETY DISORDERS IN RELATION TO TRAIT ANXIETY AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN CHILDHOOD. Psychol Rep 2015; 117:473-89. [PMID: 26340052 DOI: 10.2466/02.10.pr0.117c17z6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that objective early life stressors increase risk for anxiety disorders and that environmental stressors interact with dispositional factors such as trait anxiety. There is less information on how subjective perception of stress during childhood relates to later clinical anxiety. This study tested whether childhood perceived stress and trait anxiety were independently and interactively associated with adult anxiety disorders. Forty-seven adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders (M age = 34 yr., SD = 11) and 29 healthy participants (M = 33 yr., SD = 13) completed the adult Perceived Stress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Global Perceived Early Life Events Scale as a measure of perceived stress during childhood. In a logistic regression model, high childhood perceived stress (β = 0.64) and trait anxiety (β = 0.11) were associated with significantly greater odds of adult anxiety disorder. The association between childhood perceived stress and adult anxiety remained significant when controlling for adult perceived stress. These findings suggest that children's perception of stress in their daily lives may be an important target of intervention to prevent the progression of stress into clinically significant anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mareen Weber
- 2 Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Scott L Rauch
- 2 Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - William D S Killgore
- 2 Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Naomi M Simon
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark H Pollack
- 4 Center for Anxiety & Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- 2 Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
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Abstract
The disciplines of developmental psychopathology and behavior genetics are concerned with many of the same questions about the etiology and course of normal and abnormal behavior and about the factors that promote typical development despite the presence of risk. The goal of this paper is to summarize how research in behavior genetics has shed light on questions that are central to developmental psychopathology. We briefly review the origins of behavior genetics, summarize the findings that have been gleaned from several decades of quantitative and molecular genetics research, and describe future directions for research that will delineate gene function as well as pathways from genes to brain to behavior. The importance of environmental contributions, at both genetic and epigenetic levels, will be discussed. We conclude that behavior genetics has made significant contributions to developmental psychopathology by documenting the interplay among risk and protective factors at multiple levels of the organism, by clarifying the causal status of risk exposures, and by identifying factors that account for change and stability in psychopathology. As the tools to identify gene function become increasingly sophisticated, and as behavioral geneticists become increasingly interdisciplinary in their scope, the field is poised to make ever greater contributions to our understanding of typical and atypical development.
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Grünblatt E, Hauser TU, Walitza S. Imaging genetics in obsessive-compulsive disorder: linking genetic variations to alterations in neuroimaging. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:114-24. [PMID: 25046835 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) occurs in ∼1-3% of the general population, and its often rather early onset causes major disabilities in the everyday lives of patients. Although the heritability of OCD is between 35 and 65%, many linkage, association, and genome-wide association studies have failed to identify single genes that exhibit high effect sizes. Several neuroimaging studies have revealed structural and functional alterations mainly in cortico-striato-thalamic loops. However, there is also marked heterogeneity across studies. These inconsistencies in genetic and neuroimaging studies may be due to the heterogeneous and complex phenotypes of OCD. Under the consideration that genetic variants may also influence neuroimaging in OCD, researchers have started to combine both domains in the field of imaging genetics. Here, we conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar literature for articles that address genetic imaging in OCD and related disorders (published through March 2014). We selected 8 publications that describe the combination of imaging genetics with OCD, and extended it with 43 publications of comorbid psychiatric disorders. The most promising findings of this systematic review point to the involvement of variants in genes involved in the serotonergic (5-HTTLPR, HTR2A), dopaminergic (COMT, DAT), and glutamatergic (SLC1A1, SAPAP) systems. However, the field of imaging genetics must be further explored, best through investigations that combine multimodal imaging techniques with genetic profiling, particularly profiling techniques that employ polygenetic approaches, with much larger sample sizes than have been used up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Grünblatt
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UCCAP), University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UCCAP), University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Walitza
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UCCAP), University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Ernst M, Plate RC, Carlisi CO, Gorodetsky E, Goldman D, Pine DS. Loss aversion and 5HTT gene variants in adolescent anxiety. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2013; 8:77-85. [PMID: 24280015 PMCID: PMC3960326 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss aversion is present in adolescents. Levels of loss aversion are not modulated by clinical anxiety in adolescents. The 5HTT gene modulates levels of loss aversion in clinically anxious patients. A subset of anxious adolescents, high 5HTT-expressers, has low lambda and high impulsivity. High 5HTT-expression may expose anxious patients to comorbid externalizing disorders.
Loss aversion, a well-documented behavioral phenomenon, characterizes decisions under risk in adult populations. As such, loss aversion may provide a reliable measure of risky behavior. Surprisingly, little is known about loss aversion in adolescents, a group who manifests risk-taking behavior, or in anxiety disorders, which are associated with risk-avoidance. Finally, loss aversion is expected to be modulated by genotype, particularly the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene variant, based on its role in anxiety and impulsivity. This genetic modulation may also differ between anxious and healthy adolescents, given their distinct propensities for risk taking. The present work examines the modulation of loss aversion, an index of risk-taking, and reaction-time to decision, an index of impulsivity, by the serotonin-transporter-gene-linked polymorphisms (5HTTLPR) in healthy and clinically anxious adolescents. Findings show that loss aversion (1) does manifest in adolescents, (2) does not differ between healthy and clinically anxious participants, and (3), when stratified by SERT genotype, identifies a subset of anxious adolescents who are high SERT-expressers, and show excessively low loss-aversion and high impulsivity. This last finding may serve as preliminary evidence for 5HTTLPR as a risk factor for the development of comorbid disorders associated with risk-taking and impulsivity in clinically anxious adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ernst
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH-Building 15-K, Room 110, MSC-2670, Bethesda, MD 20817-2670, USA.
| | - Rista C Plate
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, Room 387, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH-Building 15-K, Room 110, MSC-2670, Bethesda, MD 20817-2670, USA
| | - Elena Gorodetsky
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH-Building 15-K, Room 110, MSC-2670, Bethesda, MD 20817-2670, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, Room 387, Madison, WI 53705, USA; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH-Building 15-K, Room 110, MSC-2670, Bethesda, MD 20817-2670, USA
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Satterthwaite TD, Elliott MA, Ruparel K, Loughead J, Prabhakaran K, Calkins ME, Hopson R, Jackson C, Keefe J, Riley M, Mentch FD, Sleiman P, Verma R, Davatzikos C, Hakonarson H, Gur RC, Gur RE. Neuroimaging of the Philadelphia neurodevelopmental cohort. Neuroimage 2013; 86:544-53. [PMID: 23921101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) is a large-scale, NIMH funded initiative to understand how brain maturation mediates cognitive development and vulnerability to psychiatric illness, and understand how genetics impacts this process. As part of this study, 1445 adolescents ages 8-21 at enrollment underwent multimodal neuroimaging. Here, we highlight the conceptual basis for the effort, the study design, and the measures available in the dataset. We focus on neuroimaging measures obtained, including T1-weighted structural neuroimaging, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion neuroimaging using arterial spin labeling, functional imaging tasks of working memory and emotion identification, and resting state imaging of functional connectivity. Furthermore, we provide characteristics regarding the final sample acquired. Finally, we describe mechanisms in place for data sharing that will allow the PNC to become a freely available public resource to advance our understanding of normal and pathological brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Loughead
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karthik Prabhakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan Hopson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chad Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jack Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marisa Riley
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ragini Verma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
Children with epilepsy are at risk for behavioral and cognitive comorbidities. Potential etiologies can be assessed in part by neuroimaging. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a major role in presurgical evaluation and prediction of postoperative outcome by mapping of language and memory. Structural MRI and functional MRI have shown changes in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior, common comorbidities in children with epilepsy. Neuroimaging has the potential for significantly increasing understanding of the basis of cognitive and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy.
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11
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Mueller SC, Aouidad A, Gorodetsky E, Goldman D, Pine DS, Ernst M. Gray matter volume in adolescent anxiety: an impact of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val(66)Met polymorphism? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:184-95. [PMID: 23357445 PMCID: PMC3570270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minimal research links anxiety disorders in adolescents to regional gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities and their modulation by genetic factors. Prior research suggests that a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) Val(66)Met polymorphism may modulate such brain morphometry profiles. METHOD Using voxel-based morphometry and magnetic resonance imaging, associations of BDNF and clinical anxiety with regional GMVs of anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and hippocampus were examined in 39 affected (17 Met allele carriers, 22 Val/Val homozygotes) and 63 nonaffected adolescents (27 [corrected] Met allele carriers, 36 [corrected] Val/Val homozygotes). RESULTS Amygdala and anterior hippocampal GMVs were significantly smaller in patients than in healthy comparison adolescents, with a reverse pattern for the insula. Post-hoc regression analyses indicated a specific contribution of social phobia to the GMV reductions in the amygdala and hippocampus. In addition, insula and dorsal-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) GMVs were modulated by BDNF genotype. In both regions, and GMVs were larger in the Val/Val homozygote patients than in individuals carrying the Met allele. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate reduced GMV in the amygdala and hippocampus in pediatric anxiety, particularly social phobia. In addition, the data suggest that genetic factors may modulate differences in the insula and dorsal ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven C Mueller
- Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), University of Ghent, Belgium.
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Association of genetic polymorphisms with personality profile in individuals without psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:40-6. [PMID: 22542868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Population-based twin studies demonstrate that approximately 40-50% of the variability in personality dimensions results from genetic factors. This study assessed selected polymorphisms in the COMT Val158Met, MAOA 3'VNTR, 5HTTLPR, 102T/C 5-HT2A, DAT 3'VNTR and DRD2 exon 8 genes and evaluated their association with personality profiles, anxiety levels, and depressiveness in healthy subjects. METHODS This study included 406 unrelated (mean age 38.51 years), mentally and somatically healthy Caucasian subjects of Polish origin. The prevalence of the gene variants mentioned above and their association with personality profiles, anxiety levels, and depressiveness was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck's Depression Inventory. RESULTS The effects of the 5HTTLPR gene on the s/s genotype and empathy (C2) were lowest in the entire group. The effects of gender, age and the HT2A gene for the T/T genotype and attachment (RD3) were highest in women. The effects of gender, age and the DAT gene on the 9/9 DAT genotype, compassion (C4) and cooperativeness (C) were lowest in women. The effects of gender, age and the COMT gene on the Met/Met genotype and neuroticism (NEU) NEO-FFI were also lowest in women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest considerable influence of individual genes on the formation of personality traits.
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Addington AM, Rapoport JL. Annual research review: impact of advances in genetics in understanding developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012; 53:510-8. [PMID: 22067053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It was hoped that diagnostic guidelines for, and treatment of, child psychiatric disorders in DSM-5 would be informed by the wealth of clinical genetic research related to neurodevelopmental disorders. In spite of remarkable advances in genetic technology, this has not been the case. Candidate gene, genome-wide association, and rare copy number variant (CNV) studies have been carried out for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism, Tourette's Syndrome, and schizophrenia, with intriguing results, but environmental factors, incomplete penetrance, pleiotropy, and genetic heterogeneity, underlying any given phenotype have limited clinical translation. One promising approach may be the use of developmental brain imaging measures as more relevant phenotypes. This is particularly important, as subtle abnormalities in timing and expression of gene pathways underlying brain development may well link these disorders and be the ultimate target of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjené M Addington
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Unipolar depressive disorder in adolescence is common worldwide but often unrecognised. The incidence, notably in girls, rises sharply after puberty and, by the end of adolescence, the 1 year prevalence rate exceeds 4%. The burden is highest in low-income and middle-income countries. Depression is associated with substantial present and future morbidity, and heightens suicide risk. The strongest risk factors for depression in adolescents are a family history of depression and exposure to psychosocial stress. Inherited risks, developmental factors, sex hormones, and psychosocial adversity interact to increase risk through hormonal factors and associated perturbed neural pathways. Although many similarities between depression in adolescence and depression in adulthood exist, in adolescents the use of antidepressants is of concern and opinions about clinical management are divided. Effective treatments are available, but choices are dependent on depression severity and available resources. Prevention strategies targeted at high-risk groups are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thapar
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK. thapar@Cardiff .ac.uk
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Beardslee WR, Gladstone TRG, O'Connor EE. Transmission and prevention of mood disorders among children of affectively ill parents: a review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 50:1098-109. [PMID: 22023998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a conceptual review of the literature on children of depressed parents over the past 12 years. METHOD This selective review focused on published studies that delineate the diagnosis of depression in parents, have large samples, describe children 6 to 17 years old, and are methodologically rigorous. The review emphasized conceptual advances and major progress since 1998. Recent efforts in prevention research were discussed, gaps in the existing literature were noted, and directions for targeted research on children of depressed parents were highlighted. RESULTS Over the past 12 years there has been considerable progress in delineating the gene-by-environment interplay in determining the range of outcomes in children. In addition, progress has been made in identifying risk mechanisms and moderators that underlie the transmission of disorder and in developing effective prevention programs. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights directions for further research, including different areas affected by parental depression in parents and children, and in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of depression, so that preventive and treatment efforts can be tailored effectively.
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The new genetics in child psychiatry. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 49:729-35. [PMID: 20643308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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