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Kretzer S, Lawrence AJ, Pollard R, Ma X, Chen PJ, Amasi-Hartoonian N, Pariante C, Vallée C, Meaney M, Dazzan P. The Dynamic Interplay between Puberty and Structural Brain Development as a Predictor of Mental Health Difficulties in Adolescence: a systematic review. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01392-1. [PMID: 38925264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Puberty is a time of intense reorganization of brain structure and a high-risk period for the onset of mental health problems, with variations in pubertal timing and tempo intensifying this risk. We conducted two systematic reviews of papers published up to 1st February 2024 focusing on (1) the role of brain structure in the relationship between puberty and mental health, and (2) precision psychiatry research evaluating the utility of puberty in making individualized predictions of mental health in young people. The first review provides inconsistent evidence on whether and how pubertal and psychopathological processes could interact in relation to brain development. While most studies found an association between early puberty and mental health difficulties in adolescents, evidence on whether brain structure mediates this relationship is mixed. The pituitary gland was found to be associated with mental health status during this time, possibly through its central role in regulating puberty and its function in the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes. In the second review, the design of studies that have explored puberty in predictive models did not allow for a quantification of its predictive power. However, when puberty was evaluated through physically observable characteristics rather than hormonal measures, it was more commonly identified as a predictor of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in adolescence. Social processes might be more relevant than biological ones in the link between puberty and mental health problems, and represent an important target for educational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kretzer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Pollard
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pei Jung Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nare Amasi-Hartoonian
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Corentin Vallée
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Meaney
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; McGill University, Canada
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research.
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Bordini D, Moya AC, Asevedo GRDC, Paula CS, Brunoni D, Brentani H, Caetano SC, Mari JDJ, Bagaiolo L. Exploring the Acquisition of Social Communication Skills in Children with Autism: Preliminary Findings from Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Parent Training, and Video Modeling. Brain Sci 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 38391746 PMCID: PMC10886593 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Social communication skills, especially eye contact and joint attention, are frequently impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and predict functional outcomes. Applied behavior analysis is one of the most common evidence-based treatments for ASD, but it is not accessible to most families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as it is an expensive and intensive treatment and needs to be delivered by highly specialized professionals. Parental training has emerged as an effective alternative. This is an exploratory study to assess a parental intervention group via video modeling to acquire eye contact and joint attention. Four graded measures of eye contact and joint attention (full physical prompt, partial physical prompt, gestural prompt, and independent) were assessed in 34 children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID). There was a progressive reduction in the level of prompting required over time to acquire eye contact and joint attention, as well as a positive correlation between the time of exposure to the intervention and the acquisition of abilities. This kind of parent training using video modeling to teach eye contact and joint attention skills to children with ASD and ID is a low-cost intervention that can be applied in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bordini
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Moya
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Human Development Sciences Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University (UPM), Sao Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Décio Brunoni
- Human Development Sciences Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University (UPM), Sao Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Psychiatry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cavalcante Caetano
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Bagaiolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
- Gradual-Behavioral Intervention Group, Sao Paulo 05458-000, SP, Brazil
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3
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Diaconu B, Kohls G, Rogers JC, Pauli R, Cornwell H, Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Ackermann K, Fann N, Fernandez-Rivas A, Gonzalez-Torres MA, Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa M, Hervas A, Stadler C, Konrad K, Freitag CM, Fairchild G, Rotshtein P, De Brito SA. Emotion processing in maltreated boys and girls: Evidence for latent vulnerability. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2523-2536. [PMID: 36738328 PMCID: PMC10682268 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of alterations in emotion processing in maltreated youth has been hypothesized to reflect latent vulnerability for psychopathology. However, previous studies have not systematically examined the influence of psychopathology on the results. Here, we examined emotion recognition and learning in youth who differed in terms of presence vs. absence of maltreatment and psychopathology and tested for potential sex effects. Maltreatment and psychopathology were assessed in 828 youth (514 females) aged 9-18 years using diagnostic interviews and self- and parent-report questionnaires. Emotion recognition was assessed via identification of morphed facial expressions of six universal emotions. For emotion learning, reward and punishment values were assigned to novel stimuli and participants had to learn to correctly respond/withhold response to stimuli to maximize points. A three-way interaction of maltreatment by psychopathology by emotion indicated that when psychopathology was low, maltreated youth were less accurate than non-maltreated youth for happy, fear and disgust. A three-way interaction of sex, maltreatment and emotion indicated that maltreated girls and boys were impaired for fear, but girls showed an impairment for happy, while boys for disgust. There were no effects of maltreatment, psychopathology, or sex on reward learning. However, a two-way interaction between sex and maltreatment showed that maltreated girls were worse at learning from punishment relative to non-maltreated girls, while maltreated boys were better than non-maltreated boys. The study provides the first clear evidence of latent-vulnerability in emotion recognition in maltreated youth and suggests that girls and boys might be characterized by distinct profiles of emotion recognition and learning following maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Diaconu
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jack C Rogers
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruth Pauli
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Anka Bernhard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Martinelli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- School of Psychology, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Ackermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nikola Fann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Amaia Hervas
- University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Global Institute of Neurodevelopment Integrated Care (IGAIN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Pia Rotshtein
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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O' Brien S, Sethi A, Blair J, Viding E, Beyh A, Mehta MA, Dallyn R, Ecker C, Petrinovic MM, Doolan M, Blackwood N, Catani M, Murphy DGM, Scott S, Craig MC. Rapid white matter changes in children with conduct problems during a parenting intervention. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:339. [PMID: 37925439 PMCID: PMC10625622 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies report that the microstructural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus (UF; connecting the anterior temporal lobe to the orbitofrontal cortex) is abnormal in adults with psychopathy and children with conduct problems (CP), especially those with high callous-unemotional (CU) traits. However, it is unknown if these abnormalities are 'fixed' or 'reversible'. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a reduction in CP symptoms, following a parenting intervention, would be associated with altered microstructural integrity in the UF. Using diffusion tensor imaging tractography we studied microstructural differences (mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD)) in the UF of 43 typically developing (TD) and 67 boys with CP before and after a 14-week parenting intervention. We also assessed whether clinical response in CP symptoms or CU traits explained changes in microstructure following the intervention. Prior to intervention, measures of MD and RD in the UF were increased in CP compared to TD boys. Following intervention, we found that the CP group had a significant reduction in RD and MD. Further, these microstructural changes were driven by the group of children whose CU traits improved (but not CP symptoms as hypothesized). No significant microstructural changes were observed in the TD group. Our findings suggest, for the first time, that microstructural abnormalities in the brains of children with CP may be reversible following parenting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne O' Brien
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. suzanne.o'
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Blair
- Research Unit at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmad Beyh
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Dallyn
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marija M Petrinovic
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Moira Doolan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Blackwood
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Declan G M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Scott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Female Hormone Clinic, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
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de Graaf IE, Bolhuis K, Cecil CAM, White TH, van Dongen JDM. Child Neuropsychological Functioning and Interpersonal Callousness as Predictors of Externalising Behaviour in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Population-based Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1465-1480. [PMID: 37289329 PMCID: PMC10543790 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Externalizing problems are a key predictor of individual functioning in adulthood. Therefore, identifying possible risk factors for externalising problems is valuable for optimising prevention and treatment programmes. Previous research has shown that (domains of) neuropsychological functioning predict externalising problems later in life. However, the influence of callous traits, and sex as potential moderators in this relation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine associations between neuropsychological functioning in children (at age 8 years) and later externalising behaviour in adolescence (at age 14 years), as well as to test the role of callous traits (at age 10 years) and sex as moderating factors. The analyses were conducted using data from 661 Dutch children from the population-based Generation R Study (47.2% female). We found no association between neuropsychological functioning and later externalising behaviour. However, callous traits predicted externalising problems at age 14 years. Further, callous traits moderated the association between neuropsychological functioning and externalising behaviour, though this association dropped below the statistical significance level when adjusted for confounders. Specifically, while higher neuropsychological functioning was associated with more externalising behaviour in children with high callous traits, lower neuropsychological functioning was not associated with externalising behaviour in children with low callous traits. Although boys showed significantly higher externalising behaviours compared to girls, no moderating effect of sex was found on the association between neuropsychological functioning and externalising behaviour. These results add to a growing body of evidence supporting a distinct neurocognitive profile in children with high vs low callousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel E de Graaf
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, 3062, Rotterdam, PA, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Bolhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya H White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section of Social and Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josanne D M van Dongen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, 3062, Rotterdam, PA, the Netherlands.
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Hawes DJ, Gardner F, Dadds MR, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Burke JD, Fairchild G. Oppositional defiant disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37349322 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behaviour disorder involving an ongoing pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour and vindictiveness. Onset is typically before 8 years of age, although ODD can be diagnosed in both children and adults. This disorder is associated with substantial social and economic burden, and childhood ODD is one of the most common precursors of other mental health problems that can arise across the lifespan. The population prevalence of ODD is ~3 to 5%. A higher prevalence in males than females has been reported, particularly before adolescence. No single risk factor accounts for ODD. The development of this disorder seems to arise from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and mechanisms embedded in social relationships are understood to contribute to its maintenance. The treatment of ODD is often successful, and relatively brief parenting interventions produce large sized treatment effects in early childhood. Accordingly, ODD represents an important focus for research, practice and policy concerning early intervention and prevention in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Frances Gardner
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark R Dadds
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eva R Kimonis
- Parent-Child Research Clinic, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Burke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Sethi A, O'Brien S, Blair J, Viding E, Mehta M, Ecker C, Blackwood N, Doolan M, Catani M, Scott S, Murphy DGM, Craig MC. Selective Amygdala Hypoactivity to Fear in Boys With Persistent Conduct Problems After Parent Training. Biol Psychiatry 2022:S0006-3223(22)01658-4. [PMID: 36642564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting interventions reduce antisocial behavior (ASB) in some children with conduct problems (CPs), but not others. Understanding the neural basis for this disparity is important because persistent ASB is associated with lifelong morbidity and places a huge burden on our health and criminal justice systems. One of the most highly replicated neural correlates of ASB is amygdala hypoactivity to another person's fear. We aimed to assess whether amygdala hypoactivity to fear in children with CPs is remediated following reduction in ASB after successful treatment and/or if it is a marker for persistent ASB. METHODS We conducted a prospective, case-control study of boys with CPs and typically developing (TD) boys. Both groups (ages 5-10 years) completed 2 magnetic resonance imaging sessions (18 ± 5.8 weeks apart) with ASB assessed at each visit. Participants included boys with CPs following referral to a parenting intervention group and TD boys recruited from the same schools and geographical regions. Final functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available for 36 TD boys and 57 boys with CPs. Boys with CPs were divided into those whose ASB improved (n = 27) or persisted (n = 30) following the intervention. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data assessing fear reactivity were then analyzed using a longitudinal group (TD/improving CPs/persistent CPs) × time point (pre/post) design. RESULTS Amygdala hypoactivity to fear was observed only in boys with CPs who had persistent ASB and was absent in those whose ASB improved following intervention. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that amygdala hypoactivity to fear is a marker for ASB that is resistant to change following a parenting intervention and a putative target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne O'Brien
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. suzanne.o'
| | - James Blair
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Mehta
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Blackwood
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moira Doolan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Catani
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Scott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan G M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Female Hormone Clinic Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Autism Unit, Bethlem Royal Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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8
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The neurobiology of antisocial behavior in adolescence current knowledge and relevance for youth forensic clinical practice. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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González-Madruga K, Staginnus M, Fairchild G. Alterations in Structural and Functional Connectivity in ADHD: Implications for Theories of ADHD. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:445-481. [PMID: 35583796 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is increasingly viewed as a disorder of brain connectivity. We review connectivity-based theories of ADHD including the default mode network (DMN) interference and multiple network hypotheses. We outline the main approaches used to study brain connectivity in ADHD: diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional connectivity. We discuss the basic principles underlying these methods and the main analytical approaches used and consider what the findings have told us about connectivity alterations in ADHD. The most replicable finding in the diffusion tensor imaging literature on ADHD is lower fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, a key commissural tract which connects the brain's hemispheres. Meta-analyses of resting-state functional connectivity studies have failed to identify spatial convergence across studies, with the exception of meta-analyses focused on specific networks which have reported within-network connectivity alterations in the DMN and between the DMN and the fronto-parietal control and salience networks. Overall, methodological heterogeneity between studies and differences in sample characteristics are major barriers to progress in this area. In addition, females, adults and medication-naïve/unmedicated individuals are under-represented in connectivity studies, comorbidity needs to be assessed more systematically, and longitudinal research is needed to investigate whether ADHD is characterized by maturational delays in connectivity.
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Tully J, Frey A, Fotiadou M, Kolla NJ, Eisenbarth H. Psychopathy in women: insights from neuroscience and ways forward for research. CNS Spectr 2021; 28:1-13. [PMID: 34906266 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathy is a severe form of personality disturbance, resulting in a detrimental impact on individuals, healthcare systems, and society as a whole. Until relatively recently, most research in psychopathy has focused on male samples, not least because of its link with criminal behavior and the large proportion of violent crime committed by men. However, psychopathy in women also leads to considerable problems at an individual and societal level, including substance misuse, poor treatment outcomes, and contribution to ever-increasing numbers of female prisoners. Despite this, due to relative neglect, most research into adult female psychopathy is underpowered and outdated. We argue that the field needs revitalizing, with a focus on the developmental nature of the condition and neurocognitive research. Recent work international consortia into conduct disorder in female youth-a precursor of psychopathy in female adults-gives cause for optimism. Here, we outline key strategies for enriching research in this important field with contemporary approaches to other psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tully
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Annalena Frey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nathan J Kolla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Research and Academics, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hedwig Eisenbarth
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Giri YR, Parrill A, Damodar S, Fogel J, Ayed N, Syed M, Korie I, Ayyanar S, Typhair C, Hashmi S. Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Encephalitis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis of Reported Cases. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2021; 30:236-248. [PMID: 34777507 PMCID: PMC8561849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pooled analysis, from a systematic review, examines anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis presentation in children and adolescents. METHOD A comprehensive literature search from database inception through December 31, 2019, using PubMed, PsycInfo, and OVID was performed. Case reports and case series were included. Sample characteristics are described. Prodromal and presenting symptoms between partial recovery and full recovery are compared. The association between presenting symptoms and abnormal MRI, abnormal EEG, and tumor presence are determined. RESULTS The sample (n=283) had a mean age of 10.8 years with 75.3% females. The most common prodromal and presenting symptom was seizure (29.7% and 63.3%, respectively). Partial and full recovery did not differ for prodromal and presenting symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that (1) delusion were significantly associated with higher odds and aggressive behavior was associated with lower odds for abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) waxing and waning of symptoms were significantly associated with higher odds for abnormal electroencephalograms (EEG), and (3) increased age and psychosis were each significantly associated with increased odds, and sleep disturbance and orofacial dyskinesia with lower odds for tumor presence. CONCLUSION Given the pattern of findings, routinely obtaining MRI and EEG should be considered for anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children and adolescents presenting with delusion and waxing and waning of symptoms, respectively. Investigation of tumors should be considered in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis especially when psychosis is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam R Giri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
| | - Allison Parrill
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Sreedevi Damodar
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Joshua Fogel
- Department of Business Management, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Nisrin Ayed
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Syed
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, USA
- St. George's University of London, Wandsworth, United Kingdom
| | - Ijendu Korie
- Henry Mayo Newhall Hospital, Valencia, California, USA
| | - Sivaranjani Ayyanar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Typhair
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Seema Hashmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
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12
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Farrow E, Chiocchetti AG, Rogers JC, Pauli R, Raschle NM, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Smaragdi A, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Stadler C, Konrad K, Fairchild G, Freitag CM, Chechlacz M, De Brito SA. SLC25A24 gene methylation and gray matter volume in females with and without conduct disorder: an exploratory epigenetic neuroimaging study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:492. [PMID: 34561420 PMCID: PMC8463588 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD), a psychiatric disorder characterized by a repetitive pattern of antisocial behaviors, results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The clinical presentation of CD varies both according to the individual's sex and level of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, but it remains unclear how genetic and environmental factors interact at the molecular level to produce these differences. Emerging evidence in males implicates methylation of genes associated with socio-affective processes. Here, we combined an epigenome-wide association study with structural neuroimaging in 51 females with CD and 59 typically developing (TD) females to examine DNA methylation in relation to CD, CU traits, and gray matter volume (GMV). We demonstrate an inverse pattern of correlation between CU traits and methylation of a chromosome 1 region in CD females (positive) as compared to TD females (negative). The identified region spans exon 1 of the SLC25A24 gene, central to energy metabolism due to its role in mitochondrial function. Increased SLC25A24 methylation was also related to lower GMV in multiple brain regions in the overall cohort. These included the superior frontal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, and supramarginal gyrus, secondary visual cortex and ventral posterior cingulate cortex, which are regions that have previously been implicated in CD and CU traits. While our findings are preliminary and need to be replicated in larger samples, they provide novel evidence that CU traits in females are associated with methylation levels in a fundamentally different way in CD and TD, which in turn may relate to observable variations in GMV across the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Farrow
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Andreas G. Chiocchetti
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jack C. Rogers
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruth Pauli
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nora M. Raschle
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anne Martinelli
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XRWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Konrad
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XRWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Graeme Fairchild
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Magdalena Chechlacz
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephane A. De Brito
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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13
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Villemonteix T, Rogers JC, Courbet O, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Kohls G, Raschle NM, Stadler C, Konrad K, Freitag CM, Fairchild G, De Brito SA. Sex matters: association between callous-unemotional traits and uncinate fasciculus microstructure in youths with conduct disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:263-269. [PMID: 34423395 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among youths with conduct disorder, those with callous-unemotional traits are at increased risk for persistent antisocial behaviour. Although callous-unemotional traits have been found to be associated with white-matter brain abnormalities, previous diffusion imaging studies were conducted in small samples, preventing examination of potential sex by callous-unemotional traits interaction effects on white matter. Here, we used tract-based spatial statistics at a whole-brain level and within regions of interest to compare the white matter correlates of callous-unemotional traits in female vs. male youths with conduct disorder, in a sample (n = 124) recruited through a multi-site protocol. A sex-specific association between callous-unemotional traits and white matter was found in the left uncinate fasciculus, where callous-unemotional traits were positively associated with axial diffusivity in males, while an opposite pattern was found in females. These findings are in line with previous studies suggesting that the uncinate fasciculus is a key tract implicated in the development of psychopathy, but also add to recent evidence showing that sexual dimorphism needs to be taken into account when examining the structural correlates of mental disorders in general, and callous-unemotional traits in conduct disorder in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Villemonteix
- Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Laboratory, Paris Lumières University, 93526, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Jack C Rogers
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ophélie Courbet
- Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Laboratory, Paris Lumières University, 93526, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Karen Gonzalez-Madruga
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Shackleton Building, Highfield Campus, Southampton, UK
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nora M Raschle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Graeme Fairchild
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Shackleton Building, Highfield Campus, Southampton, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Stéphane A De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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14
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Werhahn JE, Mohl S, Willinger D, Smigielski L, Roth A, Hofstetter C, Stämpfli P, Naaijen J, Mulder LM, Glennon JC, Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A, Kleine Deters R, Aggensteiner PM, Holz NE, Baumeister S, Banaschewski T, Saam MC, Schulze UME, Lythgoe DJ, Sethi A, Craig MC, Mastroianni M, Sagar-Ouriaghli I, Santosh PJ, Rosa M, Bargallo N, Castro-Fornieles J, Arango C, Penzol MJ, Zwiers MP, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Walitza S, Brandeis D. Aggression subtypes relate to distinct resting state functional connectivity in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1237-1249. [PMID: 32789793 PMCID: PMC8310860 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for altered brain resting state functional connectivity in adolescents with disruptive behavior. While a considerable body of behavioral research points to differences between reactive and proactive aggression, it remains unknown whether these two subtypes have dissociable effects on connectivity. Additionally, callous-unemotional traits are important specifiers in subtyping aggressive behavior along the affective dimension. Accordingly, we examined associations between two aggression subtypes along with callous-unemotional traits using a seed-to-voxel approach. Six functionally relevant seeds were selected to probe the salience and the default mode network, based on their presumed role in aggression. The resting state sequence was acquired from 207 children and adolescents of both sexes [mean age (standard deviation) = 13.30 (2.60); range = 8.02-18.35] as part of a Europe-based multi-center study. One hundred eighteen individuals exhibiting disruptive behavior (conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder) with varying comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were studied, together with 89 healthy controls. Proactive aggression was associated with increased left amygdala-precuneus coupling, while reactive aggression related to hyper-connectivities of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to the parahippocampus, the left amygdala to the precuneus and to hypo-connectivity between the right anterior insula and the nucleus caudate. Callous-unemotional traits were linked to distinct hyper-connectivities to frontal, parietal, and cingulate areas. Additionally, compared to controls, cases demonstrated reduced connectivity of the PCC and left anterior insula to left frontal areas, the latter only when controlling for ADHD scores. Taken together, this study revealed aggression-subtype-specific patterns involving areas associated with emotion, empathy, morality, and cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Werhahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Susanna Mohl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Willinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukasz Smigielski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Roth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hofstetter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, MR-Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leandra M Mulder
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renee Kleine Deters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal M Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie E Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melanie C Saam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrike M E Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mathilde Mastroianni
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paramala J Santosh
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mireia Rosa
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Clinic Image Diagnostic Center (CDIC), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute Clinic of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Penzol
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a constellation of affective, interpersonal, lifestyle and antisocial features whose antecedents can be identified in a subgroup of young people showing severe antisocial behaviour. The prevalence of psychopathy in the general population is thought to be ~1%, but is up to 25% in prisoners. The aetiology of psychopathy is complex, with contributions of both genetic and environmental risk factors, and gene-environment interactions and correlations. Psychopathy is characterized by structural and functional brain abnormalities in cortical (such as the prefrontal and insular cortices) and subcortical (for example, the amygdala and striatum) regions leading to neurocognitive disruption in emotional responsiveness, reinforcement-based decision-making and attention. Although no effective treatment exists for adults with psychopathy, preliminary intervention studies targeting key neurocognitive disturbances have shown promising results. Given that psychopathy is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders and increases the risk of physical health problems, educational and employment failure, accidents and criminality, the identification of children and young people at risk for this personality disorder and preventative work are important. Indeed, interventions that target the antecedents of psychopathic features in children and adolescents have been found to be effective.
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16
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Squillaci M, Benoit V. Role of Callous and Unemotional (CU) Traits on the Development of Youth with Behavioral Disorders: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094712. [PMID: 33925165 PMCID: PMC8125599 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that youth with behavioral disorders (BD) present an increased risk for developing severe and persistent antisocial behaviors in adulthood. Retrospective research notes that not all children and adolescents follow a negative trajectory and explains this heterogeneity in particular by the severity of CU traits. Our study examines how these traits affect the functioning of children and adolescents with BD. Method: A systematic literature review conducted through various databases and using different keywords made it possible to analyze 52 studies published from 2015 to 2020 that measured the bidirectional effects of CU traits on the functioning of young. Results: Out of the 52 studies, 47 analyzed links between CU traits and neurobiological or mental health, 20 examined family and school contexts, eight focused on social adjustment, 10 on social interactions and 19 measured links with cognitive functioning, especially executive functions. Conclusion: Consistent with previous recommendations in the field, our findings emphasize the importance of assessing the presence of UC traits in early childhood to prevent the emergence of comorbid disorders and to target multimodal (early) interventions to influence the life trajectories of youth with high CU traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Squillaci
- Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Valérie Benoit
- Department of Special Education, University of Teacher Education of State of Vaud, 1014 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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17
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Rogers JC, Broome MR. Effectiveness of multisystemic therapy for adolescent antisocial behaviour: follow-up findings from the START trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:375-376. [PMID: 32353262 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Rogers
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Matthew R Broome
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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18
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Grazioplene R, Tseng WL, Cimino K, Kalvin C, Ibrahim K, Pelphrey KA, Sukhodolsky DG. Fixel-Based Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Novel Associations Between White Matter Microstructure and Childhood Aggressive Behavior. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:490-498. [PMID: 32144044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood aggression has been linked to white matter abnormalities, but research has been inconsistent with regard to both regions of alterations and directionality of the associations. We examined white matter microstructure correlates of aggression using a novel diffusion imaging analysis technique, fixel-based analysis, which leverages connectivity and crossing-fiber information to assess fiber bundle density. METHODS The sample included 70 children with aggressive behavior and 25 healthy control children without aggressive behavior. Aggression was measured by the parent-rated Aggressive Behavior scale of the Child Behavior Checklist. Fixel-based analysis was conducted at the whole-brain and region-of-interest levels, including the uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fornix, cingulum bundle, and genu, body, isthmus, and splenium of the corpus callosum. RESULTS Whole-brain analysis of covariance revealed that children with aggressive behavior, relative to control children, had lower fiber density in a cluster of limbic and cortical pathways, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, fornix, middle cerebellar peduncle, and superior thalamic radiations (familywise error-corrected p < .01), and had higher fiber density in the corpus callosum (body and splenium) (familywise error-corrected p < .05). Region-of-interest analyses showed decreased fiber density in cingulum bundles associated with aggression. These effects were independent of age, sex, IQ, symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, medications, and head motion. In children with aggressive behavior, co-occurring callous-unemotional traits and anxiety did not moderate the association between aggression and white matter density. CONCLUSIONS Diminished white matter density in pathways connecting limbic and cortical regions is associated with childhood aggression. Abnormal interhemispheric connectivity via corpus callosum may also reflect a potential neural mechanism involved in aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly Cimino
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carla Kalvin
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karim Ibrahim
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kevin A Pelphrey
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Denis G Sukhodolsky
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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19
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Hodgins S. Sex differences in antisocial and aggressive disorders that onset in childhood and persist into adulthood. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 175:405-422. [PMID: 33008540 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As many as 10.7% of males and 7.5% of females display early-onset, stable, antisocial and aggressive behavior (ESAAB). Most research has focused on males. These individuals are diagnosed with conduct disorder in childhood and antisocial personality disorder in adulthood, and a very few, almost all males, present the syndrome of psychopathy. ESAAB includes three subgroups: (1) conduct problems and callousness; (2) conduct problems, callousness, and anxiety; and (3) conduct problems. Heritability of the first two subtypes is high. This high heritability derives, at least in part, from genes involved in regulating serotonergic functioning early in life and to genotypes that confer sensitivity to trauma. The first subtype is rare and characterized by difficulty in face emotion recognition, especially fear and sadness, and hypoarousal as indexed by both autonomic and neural measures, and by structural brain abnormalities. By contrast, those with conduct problems, callousness, and anxiety are more common. They include a greater proportion of females and show hypersensitivity to threat that triggers reactive aggression and that is reflected in both autonomic and neural functioning. In sum, fewer females than males present ESAAB, but many characteristics, autonomic and neural correlates, and etiology are similar. Importantly, however, females with ESAAB play a critical role in the intergenerational transfer of antisocial behavior. Despite higher prevalence of EASSB in males than females, few sex differences in neural abnormalities have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheilagh Hodgins
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Bolhuis K. Editorial: Conduct Disorder as a Neurodevelopmental Condition: White Matter Brain Microstructure and the Importance of Gender, Callous Traits, and Development. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:1154-1156. [PMID: 31063812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although conduct disorder (CD) is a prevalent mental disorder in young people, relatively little research funding is allocated to investigating its etiology.1 More funding for investigation is needed, as the presence of CD can greatly affect a young person's life across various domains, but can also impact their family, peers, and society at large. A better understanding of the neurodevelopment of CD can help tailoring treatment and prevention strategies. Furthermore, as we know that CD symptoms vary across affected individuals, the corresponding neural correlates might also be different for people with different symptom levels. Important factors to take into consideration here include gender; comorbidity, and distinct symptom patterns, such as the presence of callous-unemotional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bolhuis
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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