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Soucy A, Potts C, Kaija A, Harrington A, McGilvrey M, Sutphin GL, Korstanje R, Tero B, Seeker J, Pinz I, Vary C, Ryzhova L, Liaw L. Effects of a Global Rab27a Null Mutation on Murine PVAT and Cardiovascular Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1601-1616. [PMID: 38660803 PMCID: PMC11209784 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAB27A is a member of the RAS oncogene superfamily of GTPases and regulates cell secretory function. It, is expressed within blood vessels and perivascular adipose tissue. We hypothesized that loss of RAB27A would alter cardiovascular function. METHODS Body weight of Rab27aash mice was measured from 2 to 18 months of age, along with glucose resorption at 6 and 12 months of age and glucose sensitivity at 18 months of age. Body weight and cellular and molecular features of perivascular adipose tissue and aortic tissue were examined in a novel C57BL/6J Rab27a null strain. Analyses included morphometric quantification and proteomic analyses. Wire myography measured vasoreactivity, and echocardiography measured cardiac function. Comparisons across ages and genotypes were evaluated via 2-way ANOVA with multiple comparison testing. Significance for myography was determined via 4-parameter nonlinear regression testing. RESULTS Genome-wide association data linked rare human RAB27A variants with body mass index and glucose handling. Changes in glucose tolerance were observed in Rab27aash male mice at 18 months of age. In WT (wild-type) and Rab27a null male mice, body weight, adipocyte lipid area, and aortic area increased with age. In female mice, only body weight increased with age, independent of RAB27A presence. Protein signatures from male Rab27a null mice suggested greater associations with cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes compared with female tissues. Wire myography results showed Rab27a null males exhibited increased vasoconstriction and reduced vasodilation at 8 weeks of age. Rab27a null females exhibited increased vasoconstriction and vasodilation at 20 weeks of age. Consistent with these vascular changes, male Rab27a null mice experienced age-related cardiomyopathy, with severe differences observed by 21 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Global RAB27A loss impacted perivascular adipose tissue and thoracic aorta proteomic signatures, altered vasocontractile responses, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Soucy
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Christian Potts
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
| | - Abigail Kaija
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
| | - Anne Harrington
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
| | - Marissa McGilvrey
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - George L. Sutphin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (current affiliation)
| | - Ron Korstanje
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Benjamin Tero
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
| | - Jacob Seeker
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
| | - Ilka Pinz
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Calvin Vary
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Larisa Ryzhova
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
| | - Lucy Liaw
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
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2
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Xu S, He K. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after solid organ transplantation: A challenge for clinicians. Transpl Immunol 2024; 83:102007. [PMID: 38307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare inflammatory disorder with a high mortality rate and a wide range of symptoms. Solid organ transplantation, which provides patients with a unique immunosuppressive state, is a less common predisposing factor for HLH. HLH after solid organ transplantation (HLH-SOT) is very rare and fatal. It is hard to diagnose and treat and extremely understudied. The use of immunosuppressants makes the situation of HLH-SOT more complex. This review summarizes the existing literature on HLH after solid organ transplantation and describes its triggers and symptoms, focusing on its diagnosis and treatment. We performed a literature search of case reports, case series, letters to the editor, and clinical quizzes describing patients with HLH after solid organ transplantation (HLH-SOT). We provide recommendations on the diagnosis protocol and treatment strategy based on the existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Moueqqit O, Ayad G, Benhachem M, Lahmar A, Ramdani H, Nadir M, Bensalah M, Bennani A, Kamaoui I, Seddik R, Benajiba N. Hemiparesis Revealing a Unique Neurological Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient With Griscelli Syndrome Type 2. Cureus 2022; 14:e29159. [PMID: 36259028 PMCID: PMC9573055 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare genetic disorder that encompasses three different subtypes (GS type 1 (GS1), GS type 2 (GS2), and GS type 3 (GS3)), in which isolated neurological manifestations without immune system implications are typically seen in GS1, while neurological involvements in GS2 should be attributed to the macrophage and lymphocyte invasion of the central nervous system (CNS), under associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The presence of the clinical, biological, and hematologic features of HLH help explain the neurological defects that GS2 patients unusually present. In our case report, however, we attempt to highlight an uncommon presentation of GS2 involving a hemiparesis, along which we did not have any clinical or biological features of HLH. We also collect and evaluate similar published cases that feature this problem of explaining the neurological manifestations among GS2 patients.
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4
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Dhankar N, Gupta I, Dayal S, Chhabra S. Griscelli syndrome type 3 in siblings. Int J Trichology 2022; 14:38-40. [PMID: 35300101 PMCID: PMC8923144 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_42_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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5
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Montero-Vilchez T, Remon-Love A, Tercedor-Sánchez J, Arias-Santiago S. Hair Shaft Examination: A Practical Tool to Diagnose Griscelli Syndrome. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2021; 8:49-53. [PMID: 33803120 PMCID: PMC8008316 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare disease that is characterized by silvery hair and fair skin. It is included in congenital grey hair syndromes, a rare group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by silvery grey hair and severe multisystem disorders, such as immune system impairment, defects in immunological function, ocular and skeletal alterations, and nervous system defects. Herein, we report a rare case of GS type 1 and highlight the importance of a dermatological and hair examination to make an early diagnosis of these life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Montero-Vilchez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain; (T.M.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Alexandra Remon-Love
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jesús Tercedor-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain; (T.M.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain; (T.M.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
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Tian X, Cui Z, Liu S, Zhou J, Cui R. Melanosome transport and regulation in development and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107707. [PMID: 33075361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanosomes are specialized membrane-bound organelles that synthesize and organize melanin, ultimately providing color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Disorders in melanogenesis and melanosome transport are linked to pigmentary diseases, such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and Griscelli syndrome. Clinical cases of these pigmentary diseases shed light on the molecular mechanisms that control melanosome-related pathways. However, only an improved understanding of melanogenesis and melanosome transport will further the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Herein, we review the current literature surrounding melanosomes with particular emphasis on melanosome membrane transport and cytoskeleton-mediated melanosome transport. We also provide perspectives on melanosome regulatory mechanisms which include hormonal action, inflammation, autophagy, and organelle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ziyong Cui
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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Gailson T, Pandit S, Chandrasekaran S. Griscelli syndrome type 2. QJM 2020; 113:137. [PMID: 31199490 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Gailson
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Multi-Specialty Hospital, Sector 16, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Pandit
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Multi-Specialty Hospital, Sector 16, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Multi-Specialty Hospital, Sector 16, Chandigarh, India
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8
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Lee JA, Hwang SJ, Hong SC, Myung CH, Lee JE, Park JI, Hwang JS. Identification of MicroRNA Targeting Mlph and Affecting Melanosome Transport. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070265. [PMID: 31288473 PMCID: PMC6681522 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes undergo a complex maturation process and migrate into keratinocytes. Melanophilin (Mlph), a protein complex involving myosin Va (MyoVa) and Rab27a, enables the movement of melanosomes in melanocytes. In this study, we found six miRNAs targeting Mlph in mouse using two programs (http://targetscan.org and DianaTools). When melan-a melanocytes were treated with six synthesized microRNAs, miR-342-5p, miR-1839-5p, and miR-3082-5p inhibited melanosome transport and induced melanosome aggregation around the nucleus. The other microRNAs, miR-5110, miR-3090-3p, and miR-186-5p, did not inhibit melanosome transport. Further, miR-342-5p, miR-1839-5p, and miR-3082-5p decreased Mlph expression. The effect of miR-342-5p was the strongest among the six synthesized miRNAs. It inhibited melanosome transport in melan-a melanocytes and reduced Mlph expression in mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner; however, it did not affect Rab27a and MyoVa expressions, which are associated with melanosome transport. To examine miR-342-5p specificity, we performed luciferase assays in a mouse melanocyte-transfected reporter vector including Mlph at the 3′-UTR (untranslated region). When treated with miR-342-5p, luciferase activity that had been reduced by approximately 50% was restored after inhibitor treatment. Therefore, we identified a novel miRNA affecting Mlph and melanosome transport, and these results can be used for understanding Mlph expression and skin pigmentation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Seok Joon Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Sung Chan Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Cheol Hwan Myung
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Jong Il Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea.
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9
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Singh S, Sahni K, Arava S. Speckled Acral Hypopigmentation: A New Pigmentary Disorder or an Unknown Presentation of a Known Disorder? Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:182-183. [PMID: 30984599 PMCID: PMC6434748 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_139_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Sahni
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Batrani M, Thole A, Kubba A, Mahajan K. Silvery hair with dyschromatosis: Griscelli syndrome type 3 or familial gigantic melanocytosis. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:918-922. [PMID: 30129079 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We herein illustrate a case of an adult male presenting with silvery hair and generalized guttate hypopigmented macules on a background of diffuse cutaneous hyperpigmentation, since birth. Histopathology showed enlarged melanocytes with abundant melanin. Based on these clinicopathological features, differential diagnoses considered were Griscelli syndrome 3 (GS3) and familial giagantic melanocytosis. GS3 belongs to a group of inherited autosomal recessive (AR) disorders of partial albinism, known as silvery hair syndromes, while familial gigantic melanocytosis (FGM) is a putative disorder of dyschromia with silvery hairs. A pertinent literature search revealed hyperpigmentation or dyschromatosis as a rare manifestation of silvery hair syndromes, especially in dark-skin populations. A comparative analysis of previously reported cases depicted close morphological similarities between GS3 and FGM. We discuss the uncertainty pertaining to cases described in literature as FGM, to be truly representative of a distinctive entity, or merely a morphological variation of GS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Batrani
- Delhi Dermpath Laboratory, Delhi Dermatology Group, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh Thole
- Department of Dermatology, North DMC Medical College and Hindurao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Kubba
- Delhi Dermpath Laboratory, Delhi Dermatology Group, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, North DMC Medical College and Hindurao Hospital, New Delhi, India
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11
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Minocha P, Choudhary R, Agrawal A, Sitaraman S. Griscelli syndrome subtype 2 with hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis: A case report and review of literature. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017; 6:76-79. [PMID: 28357189 PMCID: PMC5359361 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2016.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting in pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair with variable phenotypes depending upon subtypes. Mutations in 3 distinct genes MYO5A, RAB27A, MLPH are responsible for 3 subtypes (GS1, GS2, and GS3) of GS respectively. GS subtype 2 commonly develops hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and recurrent infections due to immunodeficiency. We hereby report a 20 month old male child presenting with silvery gray hair, hypomelanosis and features of hemophagocytosis. The diagnosis of a type 2 GS was made in response to a set of clinical features: hypopigmentation of skin and the silvered reflection of the hair, absence of psychomotor retardation, the occurrence of an accelerated phase (hemophagocytosis) and, above all, a pathognomonic appearance by microscopic examination of a hair. The absence of giant granules in the nucleated cells made it possible to eliminate Chediak-Higashi syndrome, which shares a close clinical spectrum with GS. This case promotes awareness about this rare case of GS as a high indicator of suspicion about this potentially fatal condition and aids in prompt diagnosis and foresees complications. Early bone marrow transplant is the only curative treatment for GS-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Minocha
- Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Richa Choudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Richa Choudhary, Department of Pediatrics, SPMCHI, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India. E-mail:
| | - Anika Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sadasivan Sitaraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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12
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Navarrete CL, Araníbar L, Mardones F, Avila R, Velozo L. Cutaneous granulomas in Griscelli type 2 syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:804-805. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L. Navarrete
- Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Hospital Roberto del Río; Santiago Chile
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13
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Panigrahi I, Suthar R, Rawat A, Behera B. Seizure as the presenting manifestation in Griscelli syndrome type 2. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:535-8. [PMID: 25801174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Griscelli syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, presence of large clumps of pigment in hair shafts, and accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes; it resembles Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Griscelli syndrome type 2 is caused by mutations in the RAB27A gene and has predominant immunologic abnormalities. METHOD A retrospective case analysis highlighting neurological complications in an individual with Griscelli syndrome type 2. RESULTS We present a 1-year-old girl with Griscelli syndrome type 2 in an Asian Indian family, confirmed by mutation analysis of the RAB27A gene. She presented with seizures and regression of developmental milestones following a brief febrile illness. Progressive neurological deterioration was associated with refractory status epilepticus. Neurological worsening may have resulted from the accelerated phase of the disease. CONCLUSION Griscelli syndrome type 2 is a rare primary immunodeficiency state with characteristic silvery hair, partial albinism, and immunological abnormalities. Predominant neurological presentation is rare, but it represents isolated central nervous system hemophagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inusha Panigrahi
- Genetic and Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Renu Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Bijaylakshmi Behera
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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14
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Singh A, Garg A, Kapoor S, Khurana N, Entesarian M, Tesi B. An Indian boy with griscelli syndrome type 2: case report and review of literature. Indian J Dermatol 2014; 59:394-7. [PMID: 25071262 PMCID: PMC4103279 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.135494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome 2 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of pigmentary dilution of hair, skin, splenohepatomegaly, pancytopenia, immune and neurologic dysfunction. Clinical course is characterized by recurrent infection triggered by uncontrolled T-lymphocyte and macrophage activation, called hemophagocytic syndrome. Since the primary presentation is with depigmented hair, we attempt to highlight diagnostic difficulties in such cases in developing countries like ours where pigmentary changes in hair and skin are commonly attributed to severe malnutrition. We also evaluated phenotype of all 10 cases of genotype (c.C550T; p.R184X), collected from published literature worldwide and emphasize the potential role of above mutation as hotspot in Southeast Asian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Khurana
- Department of Pathology, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Miriam Entesarian
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianca Tesi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory disorder resulting from immune dysfunction reflecting either primary immune deficiency or acquired failure of normal immune homeostasis. Familial HLH includes autosomal recessive and X-linked disorders characterized by uncontrolled activation of T cells and macrophages and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, secondary to defects in genes encoding proteins involved in granule-dependent cytolytic pathways. In older children and adults, HLH is associated more often with infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and acquired immune deficiencies. HLH, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome are different clinical entities that probably represent a common immunopathological state, termed cytokine storm. These conditions may be clinically indistinguishable; all include massive inflammatory response, elevated serum cytokine levels, multi-organ involvement, haemophagocytic macrophages, and often death. Tissues of haematopoietic and lymphoid function are directly involved; other organs are secondarily damaged by circulating cytokines and chemokines. Haemophagocytic disorders are now increasingly diagnosed in the context of severe inflammatory reactions to viruses, malignancies and systemic connective tissue diseases. Many of these cases may reflect underlying genetic predispositions to HLH. The detection of gene defects has contributed considerably to our understanding of HLH, but the mechanisms leading to acquired HLH have yet to be fully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Naheed Usmani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bruce A Woda
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter E Newburger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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16
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Chédiak-higashi syndrome: a case report. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012; 29:80-3. [PMID: 24426342 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-011-0130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder. Approximately 200 cases have been reported worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, not more than 10 cases have been reported from India. Herein we are reporting a case of CHS in one-and-half-year-old boy who presented to us in the accelerated phase of disease. Other syndromes presenting with similar clinical features have also been discussed.
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17
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[Griscelli-Prunieras syndrome: report of two cases]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009; 70:164-7. [PMID: 19217573 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Griscelli-Prunieras syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by partial albinism. His pathogenic mechanism is associated with defects in the packaging of melanin and other cellular proteins. GS is classified into 3 types based on the genetic and molecular features. Mutations in the genes which cause GS are known. We report two first cases described in Spain who presented a silver-gray sheen of the hair and a severe immune disorder. They were studied for mutations principally related to this syndrome. Two patients showed the Rab27a mutation (frequently associated with GS2). The natural disorder evolution differs considerably among the various forms, so a genetic study is essential in GS to achieve the most accurate prognosis and treatment possible.
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Vieira-Karuta SC, Silva ICB, Almeida NAP, Noronha LD, Santos MLSF, Liberalesso PBN. Griscelli syndrome and electroencephalography pattern. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2008; 66:420-2. [PMID: 18641887 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2008000300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Teran CG, Issrael Asbun E, Villarroel Arratia P, Teran Escalera CN. [Griscelli syndrome]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2008; 68:532-3. [PMID: 18448007 DOI: 10.1157/13120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Onay H, Balkan C, Cogulu O, Aydinok Y, Karapinar DY, Ozkinay F. A further Turkish case of Griscelli syndrome with new RAB27A mutation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:S115-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Akcakus M, Koklu E, Narin N, Kose M. Clinical and microscopic hair features of griscelli syndrome associated with asymmetric crying facies in an infant. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2008; 11:63-5. [PMID: 18237235 DOI: 10.2350/07-02-0228.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency and partial albinism. Asymmetric crying facies (ACF) is caused by congenital hypoplasia or agenesis of the depressor anguli oris muscle. Asymmetric crying facies may be isolated or it may be associated with various anomalies. We report a 3-month-old Turkish boy who had clinical and microscopic hair features of GS associated with ACF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 1st case of this association to be reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Akcakus
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
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